EP1272711B1 - Method and device for the production of back-cut cavities - Google Patents

Method and device for the production of back-cut cavities Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1272711B1
EP1272711B1 EP01933596A EP01933596A EP1272711B1 EP 1272711 B1 EP1272711 B1 EP 1272711B1 EP 01933596 A EP01933596 A EP 01933596A EP 01933596 A EP01933596 A EP 01933596A EP 1272711 B1 EP1272711 B1 EP 1272711B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
hole
excavating
elements
substrate
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EP01933596A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1272711A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Kardel
Jens Meissner
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Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an undercut Cavity, especially for the production of support members, the undercut cavity preferably for receiving an attached therein Load distribution element acts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Device for producing such an undercut cavity.
  • an anchor hole is flushed out of the hole in the ground.
  • a rebar needle anchor
  • the rebar for example, a ribbed reinforcing steel.
  • the rebar will be held in the center of the anchor hole by means of a spacer and protrudes into the hole in the retaining wall to be attached.
  • reaching obliquely down into the load distribution cavity Filling hole introduced cement material, which the anchor hole, the Load distribution cavity and completely fills the hole in the retaining wall.
  • this invention has the object Basically, a method of making an undercut cavity, especially to create an earth anchor that is simple creating a cavity with certain dimensions (within allowable Tolerances), and in which a softening of the cavity surrounding soil is avoided. Furthermore, the invention is the Task based on a device for producing such to create an undercut cavity.
  • an undercut cavity special device which comprises a rotatable shaft which in a predetermined area at least one radially movable removal element having.
  • the removal element is designed so that it rotates when the shaft rotates moved radially outwards by the centrifugal forces acting on the removal element or corresponding radial to the surrounding substrate, the material of the Exerts underground or loosening forces.
  • Removal element under a radial mobility of the Removal element is to be understood as any configuration of the removal element, which ensures that the removal element when the shaft rotates as a result of the Centrifugal forces endeavor to enlarge its radial dimensions.
  • the removal element can consist of a rigid element, which is pivotally arranged on the shaft, the pivot axis in Is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. With a rotation of the In such an embodiment, the shaft is pivoted, wherein the substantially rigid removal element each with its radially outer Area loosens or removes the material of the surface.
  • the removal element is as a flexible element, preferably designed as a steel cable. Because of the flexibility is achieved that the rotatable shaft together with the removal elements in one Borehole can be inserted. Of course, the diameter must be used the shaft in the area of the removal elements may be smaller than the inside diameter of the borehole or recesses must be provided in the shaft in which the removal elements are included in the idle state.
  • two flexible elements are through a single element is formed which is provided in a crosswise through the shaft Bore is held. This results in a simplified production of the Contraption.
  • areas or elements can be made on each removal element a resistant material.
  • This can be act as ring-shaped elements made of a resistant material, for example around diamond-set rings, such as those used as chain links in stone saws Find use.
  • the removal elements as such can be formed by steel cables, the one have sufficient flexibility.
  • the steel cables can be dimensioned in such a way be attached to the shaft that already by inserting the device into the The steel cables are pressed against the borehole wall and consequently the steel cables are placed under a bending pretension. This results in relatively high speeds even at low shaft speeds material-removing forces acting on the borehole in the area of Removal elements surrounding the surface can be exercised.
  • the shaft there are several removal elements on the shaft, in particular flexible ones Elements of different lengths are provided.
  • This will improve erosion effect with an increase in the diameter of the resulting undercut cavity achieved because the ablative effect, especially at flexible removal elements, is greatest when the removal elements are in one substantially stretched or nearly stretched perpendicular to the position Longitudinal axis of the rotating shaft.
  • the undercut cavity ensures a high ablative effect.
  • the shaft has an axially extending feed channel for feeding the flushing medium provided which has one or more outlet openings in the areas of Attachment of the removal elements.
  • the device preferably has one at the front end of the shaft Guide area whose outer diameter is essentially the same Corresponds to the inner diameter of the borehole. This also results in a Centering the shaft in the borehole if the diameter of the shaft is otherwise Area is smaller than the diameter of the borehole. The resulting annulus between the rear of the shaft and the borehole wall can then for rinsing the removed or loosened material of the subsurface serve.
  • an undercut cavity is created generated by the device, i.e. the shaft with the arranged on it Removal elements are introduced into a hole, the undercut Cavity by a rotation of the shaft and thereby by means of the Removal elements generated radial ablative or loosening forces becomes.
  • the removed or loosened material is removed using a flushing medium rinsed out.
  • one axial expansion can be either over a corresponding axial range several removal elements can be provided for the shaft, or the shaft is during of rotating (or even at a standstill with a subsequent renewed Rotate) moved by a predetermined amount in the axial direction.
  • the shaft can be moved oscillating in the axial direction.
  • Air is particularly suitable as a flushing medium, since this causes a wetting of the subsurface surrounding the cavity or the borehole is avoided.
  • Flushing medium is a hardening building material, for example cement milk or the like. used. This also results in no unnecessary wetting of the the borehole or the undercut surrounding subsurface and in addition, the higher viscosity of such a flushing medium makes it high Discharge effect achieved. A complete discharge of the loosened or removed material is at least not necessary if that Material in connection with the hardening building material for the production of a sufficiently strong anchor body is suitable. The use of other liquid Detergent is also possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a section through a Retaining wall 1 and an underlying soil 3, which together, in general spoken, represent an underground 5.
  • a borehole 7 was made, in which in FIG. 1 shown phase of producing an undercut cavity Device 9 for producing an undercut cavity is introduced.
  • the device 9 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4:
  • the Device 9 comprises a shaft 11 which has a head in its front area or guide region 13, whose outer diameter essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the borehole 7. This results in a Centering of the device 9 in the borehole 7, although the rear area of the Shaft 11 has a smaller outer diameter than the guide area 13th
  • two removal elements 17 are through a single element is formed, which is perpendicular to each hole extends to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 11 and is held therein. This results in a simplified manufacture of the device 9.
  • the removal elements 17 in FIG. 4 are designed as flexible removal elements, so that the device 9 due to the compared to the inner diameter of the Borehole 7 of smaller diameter of the rear region of the shaft 11 can be easily inserted into the borehole.
  • FIG. 1 This phase is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the device 9 is in two phases of the insertion process into the borehole 7: Left of the longitudinal axis of the Device 9 is shown the phase in which the device 9 is in one position is located, in which the removal elements 17 are still completely outside of the borehole 7 lie.
  • the removal elements 17 are shown stretched, whereby the removal elements in practice, of course, not in this phase must extend completely radially outwards, but as a result of Own weight can be bent accordingly.
  • Halfway to the right of the The axis of symmetry of the device 9 is drawn in a position in which the Removal elements 17 by the insertion movement in the borehole 7 in the direction of the rear end of the device 9 has been bent.
  • the removal elements 17 have a certain prestress, so that at least the outer areas of the removal elements 17 on the inner wall of the Apply borehole 7.
  • the device 9 is, as indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow I, in Rotation offset, so that the removal elements are sufficient due to the centrifugal force high forces on the subsurface in the vicinity of work area 15 exercise to loosen or remove the material of the subsurface. With increasing diameter of the undercut cavity 19 come Removal elements 17 more and more in an extended position.
  • each of those ablation elements 17 a develop optimal removal effect, which is in a substantially stretched State (in the radial direction).
  • a undercut cavity 19 with a predetermined axial extent Device 9 are preferably moved oscillating in the axial direction.
  • the removed or loosened material of the surrounding subsurface is by means of a flushing medium 21 from the annular space between the shaft 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 7 rinsed out.
  • an axially extending feed channel 23 for the Flushing medium 21 is provided, with several in the work area 15 Outlet openings 25 are provided.
  • the outlet openings 25 in the wall 27 of the Hollow shaft 11 formed so that the longitudinal axis of the outlet openings 25 in Towards the end of the shaft 11 an acute angle with the longitudinal axis A. the shaft 11 or the device 9 includes. This results in a improved flushing effect in the direction of the opening 29 of the borehole 7 in the Retaining wall 1.
  • the flushing medium can be compressed air or water (at relatively low pressure) or around a hardenable building material, e.g. Cement milk, act.
  • a hardenable building material e.g. Cement milk
  • the device 9, 3 again from the borehole 7 or the undercut Cavity 19 pulled out. Bend due to the flexibility of the removal elements 17 this when pulling the device 9 out of the borehole 7 in the direction to the front end of the device 9.
  • the flexible removal elements can e.g. as. Steel cables should be formed.
  • the Steel cables can each have one or more elements 31 made of resistant Have material to an improved ablative or loosening effect to reach. In addition, this can improve the wear resistance of the Removal elements can be achieved.
  • elements 31 made of resistant Material can be ring-shaped elements attached to a steel cable trained removal element 17 are pressed. For example, here diamond-set links of a stone saw chain can be used.
  • the removal elements 17 can be constructed from individual chain links, each or only certain of the chain links made of a resistant material improved removal effect exist.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the production of a back-cut cavity, in particular, for the production of a support member. An essentially straight hole (7) is produced in a subsoil (5), whereby a device (9), with a rotatable shaft (11) and at least one radially displaceable excavating element (17) arranged thereon, is introduced into the hole (7). Said device (9) is set in rotation, whereby the at least one excavating element (17) excavates or loosens the material of the subsoil (5) in the region surrounding the working region (15) of the flexible elements (17) on the device (9) due to the centrifugal forces. During the excavation and loosening of the subsoil (5), or thereafter, the excavated or loosened material is flushed away to form a back-cut cavity by means of a flushing agent (21).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Traggliedern, wobei der hinterschnittene Hohlraum vorzugsweise zur Aufnahme eines darin angebrachten Lastverteilungselements wirkt. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen hinterschnittenen Hohlraumes.The invention relates to a method for producing an undercut Cavity, especially for the production of support members, the undercut cavity preferably for receiving an attached therein Load distribution element acts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Device for producing such an undercut cavity.

Es ist beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit der Sicherung von Stützmauern mit dahinter anstehenden Erdmauern bekannt, die Stützmauer mittels mehrerer Erdanker in dem dahinter anstehenden Erdreich zu befestigen. Hierzu wird in der EP 0 290 941 B1 vorgeschlagen, zunächst für jeden Erdanker eine Bohrung mit einem ausreichenden Durchmesser durch die Stützmauer hindurch herzustellen. Im nächsten Schritt wird mittels einer in die Bohrung eingeführten Hochdrucklanze mit einem daran angeordneten Spülkopf an der Rückseite der Stützmauer (innerhalb des Erdreichs) ein Lastverteilungs-Hohlraum ausgespült, der im Wesentlichen flach an der Mauerrückseite anliegt. Das beim Spülen im Lastverteilungs-Hohlraum angesammelte Wasser und das darin gelöste Erdreich wird mittels eines Saugschlauchs abgesaugt. Anschließend wird in Verlängerung der Bohrung ein Ankerloch im Erdreich ausgespült. Durch die Bohrung wird dann ein Bewehrungsstab (Nadelanker) eingeführt, wobei der Bewehrungsstab beispielsweise ein gerippter Bewehrungsstahl sein kann. Der Bewehrungsstab wird mittels Abstandhalter mittig im Ankerloch gehalten und ragt bis in die Bohrung in der zu befestigenden Stützmauer. Abschließend wird vorzugsweise durch eine weitere, schräg nach unten in den Lastverteilungshohlraum reichende Einfüllbohrung Zementmaterial eingebracht, welches das Ankerloch, den Lastverteilungs-Hohlraum und die Bohrung in der Stützmauer vollständig ausfüllt.It is used for example in connection with securing retaining walls known earth walls behind it, the retaining wall by means of several Attach ground anchors in the soil behind. For this, in the EP 0 290 941 B1 proposes to initially drill a hole for each ground anchor to produce a sufficient diameter through the retaining wall. in the The next step is using a high pressure lance inserted into the hole with a flushing head on the back of the retaining wall (within the ground) a load distribution cavity flushed out in the Is essentially flat on the back of the wall. That when rinsing in Load distribution cavity accumulated water and the soil dissolved in it is sucked off by means of a suction hose. Then will be in extension an anchor hole is flushed out of the hole in the ground. Then through the hole a rebar (needle anchor) is inserted, the rebar for example, a ribbed reinforcing steel. The rebar will be held in the center of the anchor hole by means of a spacer and protrudes into the hole in the retaining wall to be attached. In conclusion, preferably by further, reaching obliquely down into the load distribution cavity Filling hole introduced cement material, which the anchor hole, the Load distribution cavity and completely fills the hole in the retaining wall.

Als nachteilig bei diesen bekannten Verfahren erweist sich insbesondere das Ausspülen des Ankerlochs und des Lastverteilungs-Hohlraums mittels Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen. Hierdurch wird zum einen das den Lastverteilungs-Hohlraum und das Ankerloch umgebende Erdreich durchnässt und damit in seiner Festigkeit beeinträchtigt. Zum anderen erweist es sich als problematisch, einen Lastverteilungs-Hohlraum mit ausreichend definierten Abmessungen herzustellen, da das Lösen bzw. Abtragen des Erdreichs abhängig von dessen Konsistenz und Zusammensetzung ist. Ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist in WO-A-9 954 586 beschrieben.This is particularly disadvantageous in these known methods Rinse the anchor hole and the load distribution cavity using high pressure water jets. In this way, on the one hand, the load distribution cavity and soaking the soil surrounding the anchor hole and thus its strength impaired. On the other hand, it turns out to be problematic, one Create load distribution cavities with sufficiently defined dimensions, since the loosening or removal of the soil depends on its consistency and Composition is. A method according to the preamble of Claim 1 is described in WO-A-9 954 586.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt dieser Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraumes, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Erdankers zu schaffen, das auf einfache Weise das Herstellen eines Hohlraums mit bestimmten Dimensionen (innerhalb zulässiger Toleranzen) ermöglicht, und bei dem ein Aufweichen des den Hohlraum umgebenden Erdreichs vermieden wird. Des Weiteren liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen hinterschnittenen Hohlraums zu schaffen.Starting from this prior art, this invention has the object Basically, a method of making an undercut cavity, especially to create an earth anchor that is simple creating a cavity with certain dimensions (within allowable Tolerances), and in which a softening of the cavity surrounding soil is avoided. Furthermore, the invention is the Task based on a device for producing such to create an undercut cavity.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 1 bzw. 6.The invention solves this problem with the features of claims 1 and 6th

Erfindungsgemäß wird zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums eine spezielle Vorrichtung verwendet, welche eine rotierbare Welle umfasst, die in einem vorbestimmten Bereich wenigstens ein radial bewegliches Abtragelement aufweist. Das Abtragelement ist so ausgebildet, dass es sich bei Rotation der Welle durch die auf das Abtragelement wirkenden Fliehkräfte radial nach außen bewegt bzw. auf den umgebenden Untergrund entsprechende radiale, das Material des Untergrunds abtragende oder lockernde Kräfte ausübt.According to the invention, one is used to produce an undercut cavity special device used, which comprises a rotatable shaft which in a predetermined area at least one radially movable removal element having. The removal element is designed so that it rotates when the shaft rotates moved radially outwards by the centrifugal forces acting on the removal element or corresponding radial to the surrounding substrate, the material of the Exerts underground or loosening forces.

An dieser Stelle sei bemerkt, dass unter einer radialen Beweglichkeit des Abtragelements jegliche Ausbildung des Abtragelements zu verstehen ist, welche gewährleistet, dass das Abtragelement bei einer Rotation der Welle infolge der Fliehkräfte die Bestrebung hat, seine radialen Abmesssungen zu vergrößern.At this point it should be noted that under a radial mobility of the Removal element is to be understood as any configuration of the removal element, which ensures that the removal element when the shaft rotates as a result of the Centrifugal forces endeavor to enlarge its radial dimensions.

Beispielsweise kann hierzu das Abtragelement aus einem starren Element bestehen, welches schwenkbar an der Welle angeordnet ist, wobei die Schwenkachse im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längsachse angeordnet ist. Bei einer Rotation der Welle wird bei einer derartigen Ausführungsform eine Schwenkbewegung erzielt, wobei das im Wesentlichen starre Abtragelement jeweils mit seinem radial äußeren Bereich ein Lockern bzw. Abtragen des Materials des Untergrunds bewirkt.For example, the removal element can consist of a rigid element, which is pivotally arranged on the shaft, the pivot axis in Is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. With a rotation of the In such an embodiment, the shaft is pivoted, wherein the substantially rigid removal element each with its radially outer Area loosens or removes the material of the surface.

Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Abtragelement jedoch als flexibles Element, vorzugsweise als Stahlseil ausgebildet. Durch die Flexibilität wird erreicht, dass die rotierbare Welle zusammen mit den Abtragelementen in ein Bohrloch eingeführt werden kann. Selbstverständlich muss hierzu der Durchmesser der Welle im Bereich der Abtragelemente geringer sein, als der Innendurchmesser des Bohrlochs oder es müssen in der Welle Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sein, in welchen die Abtragelemente im Ruhezustand aufgenommen sind.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the removal element is as a flexible element, preferably designed as a steel cable. Because of the flexibility is achieved that the rotatable shaft together with the removal elements in one Borehole can be inserted. Of course, the diameter must be used the shaft in the area of the removal elements may be smaller than the inside diameter of the borehole or recesses must be provided in the shaft in which the removal elements are included in the idle state.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind jeweils zwei flexible Elemente durch ein einziges Element gebildet, welches in einer quer durch die Welle vorgesehenen Bohrung gehalten ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine vereinfachte Herstellung der Vorrichtung. In one embodiment of the invention, two flexible elements are through a single element is formed which is provided in a crosswise through the shaft Bore is held. This results in a simplified production of the Contraption.

Erfindungsgemäß können an jedem Abtragelement Bereiche oder Elemente aus einem widerstandsfähigen Material vorgesehen sein. Hierbei kann es sich um ringförmige Elemente aus einem widerstandsfähigen Material handeln, beispielsweise um diamantbesetzte Ringe, wie sie als Kettenglieder bei Steinsägen Verwendung finden.According to the invention, areas or elements can be made on each removal element a resistant material. This can be act as ring-shaped elements made of a resistant material, for example around diamond-set rings, such as those used as chain links in stone saws Find use.

Die Abtragelemente als solche können durch Stahlseile gebildet sein, die eine ausreichende Flexibilität aufweisen. Die Stahlseile können so dimensioniert und so an der Welle befestigt sein, dass bereits durch das Einführen der Vorrichtung in das Bohrloch ein Andrücken der Stahlseile an die Bohrlochwandung erfolgt und demzufolge die Stahlseile unter eine Biege-Vorspannung gesetzt werden. Hierdurch ergeben sich bereits bei geringen Drehzahlen der Welle relativ hohe material-abtragende Kräfte, die auf den das Bohrloch im Bereich der Abtragelemente umgebenden Untergrund ausgeübt werden.The removal elements as such can be formed by steel cables, the one have sufficient flexibility. The steel cables can be dimensioned in such a way be attached to the shaft that already by inserting the device into the The steel cables are pressed against the borehole wall and consequently the steel cables are placed under a bending pretension. This results in relatively high speeds even at low shaft speeds material-removing forces acting on the borehole in the area of Removal elements surrounding the surface can be exercised.

Vorzugsweise sind an der Welle mehrere Abtragelemente, insbesondere flexible Elemente, unterschiedlicher Länge vorgesehen. Hierdurch wird eine verbesserte abtragende Wirkung bei einer Zunahme des Durchmessers des entstehenden hinterschnittenen Hohlraums erreicht, da die abtragende Wirkung, insbesondere bei flexiblen Abtragelementen, am größten ist, wenn sich die Abtragelemente in einer im Wesentlichen gestreckten oder beinahe gestreckten Stellung senkrecht zur Längsachse der rotierenden Welle befinden. Somit wird bei unterschiedlichen Längen der Abtragelemente über einen relativ großen Bereich des Durchmessers des hinterschnittenen Hohlraums eine hohe abtragende Wirkung sichergestellt.Preferably, there are several removal elements on the shaft, in particular flexible ones Elements of different lengths are provided. This will improve erosion effect with an increase in the diameter of the resulting undercut cavity achieved because the ablative effect, especially at flexible removal elements, is greatest when the removal elements are in one substantially stretched or nearly stretched perpendicular to the position Longitudinal axis of the rotating shaft. Thus, with different Lengths of the removal elements over a relatively large range of the diameter the undercut cavity ensures a high ablative effect.

Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist in der Welle ein axial verlaufender Zuführkanal für das Zuführen des Spülmediums vorgesehen, welcher ein oder mehrere Austrittsöffnungen in den Bereichen der Befestigung der Abtragelemente aufweist.In the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is in the shaft has an axially extending feed channel for feeding the flushing medium provided which has one or more outlet openings in the areas of Attachment of the removal elements.

Die Vorrichtung weist vorzugsweise am vorderen Ende der Welle einen Führungsbereich auf, dessen Außendurchmesser im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des Bohrlochs entspricht. Hierdurch ergibt sich auch dann eine Zentrierung der Welle im Bohrloch, wenn der Durchmesser der Welle im übrigen Bereich kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Bohrlochs. Der entstehende Ringraum zwischen dem hinteren Bereich der Welle und der Bohrlochwandung kann dann für das Ausspülen des abgetragenen bzw. gelockerten Materials des Untergrunds dienen.The device preferably has one at the front end of the shaft Guide area whose outer diameter is essentially the same Corresponds to the inner diameter of the borehole. This also results in a Centering the shaft in the borehole if the diameter of the shaft is otherwise Area is smaller than the diameter of the borehole. The resulting annulus between the rear of the shaft and the borehole wall can then for rinsing the removed or loosened material of the subsurface serve.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird ein hinterschnittener Hohlraum dadurch erzeugt, dass die Vorrichtung, d.h. die Welle mit den daran angeordneten Abtragelementen in ein Loch eingebracht wird, wobei der hinterschnittene Hohlraum durch eine Rotation der Welle und die hierdurch mittels der Abtragelemente erzeugten radialen abtragenden oder lockernden Kräfte erzeugt wird. Das abgetragene bzw. gelockerte Material wird mittels eines Spülmediums ausgespült.According to the inventive method, an undercut cavity is created generated by the device, i.e. the shaft with the arranged on it Removal elements are introduced into a hole, the undercut Cavity by a rotation of the shaft and thereby by means of the Removal elements generated radial ablative or loosening forces becomes. The removed or loosened material is removed using a flushing medium rinsed out.

Zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums mit einer vorbestimmten axialen Ausdehnung können entweder über einen entsprechenden axialen Bereich der Welle mehrere Abtragelemente vorgesehen sein, oder die Welle wird während des Rotierens (oder auch im Stillstand mit einem anschließenden erneuten Rotieren) um einen vorbestimmten Betrag in axialer Richtung bewegt. Um ein in axialer Richtung annähernd gleichmäßiges Abtragen des Materials zu erreichen, kann die Welle oszillierend in axialer Richtung bewegt werden. To create an undercut cavity with a predetermined one axial expansion can be either over a corresponding axial range several removal elements can be provided for the shaft, or the shaft is during of rotating (or even at a standstill with a subsequent renewed Rotate) moved by a predetermined amount in the axial direction. To get one in to achieve approximately uniform removal of the material in the axial direction, the shaft can be moved oscillating in the axial direction.

Als Spülmedium eignet sich insbesondere Luft, da hierdurch eine Durchnässung des den Hohlraum bzw. das Bohrloch umgebenden Untergrunds vermieden wird.Air is particularly suitable as a flushing medium, since this causes a wetting of the subsurface surrounding the cavity or the borehole is avoided.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als Spülmedium ein erhärtender Baustoff, beispielsweise Zementmilch oder dgl. verwendet. Hierdurch ergibt sich ebenfalls keinerlei unnötige Durchnässung des das Bohrloch oder den hinterschnittenen Hohlraum umgebenden Untergrunds und zudem wird durch die höhere Viskosität eines derartigen Spülmediums eine hohe Austragwirkung erzielt. Ein vollständiges Austragen des gelockerten bzw. abgetragenen Materials ist zumindest dann nicht erforderlich, wenn sich das Material in Verbindung mit dem erhärtenden Baustoff zur Herstellung eines ausreichend festen Ankerkörpers eignet. Die Verwendung von anderen liquiden Spülmitteln ist ebenso möglich.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, as Flushing medium is a hardening building material, for example cement milk or the like. used. This also results in no unnecessary wetting of the the borehole or the undercut surrounding subsurface and in addition, the higher viscosity of such a flushing medium makes it high Discharge effect achieved. A complete discharge of the loosened or removed material is at least not necessary if that Material in connection with the hardening building material for the production of a sufficiently strong anchor body is suitable. The use of other liquid Detergent is also possible.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further refinements of the invention result from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen Fundamentkörper oder eine Stützmauer mit dahinterliegendem Erdreich, wobei in eine bereits bestehende Bohrung eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums eingeführt wird;
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1 in der Phase der Rotation der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraumes;
Fig. 3
eine Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aus dem Bohrloch entnommen wird und
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 bis 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show in the drawing
Fig. 1
a schematic section through a foundation body or a retaining wall with soil behind it, an inventive device for producing an undercut cavity being inserted into an existing bore;
Fig. 2
a representation similar to Figure 1 in the phase of rotation of the device according to the invention for producing an undercut cavity.
Fig. 3
a view similar to FIG. 1, wherein the device according to the invention is removed from the borehole and
Fig. 4
is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

Die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Schnitt durch eine Stützmauer 1 und ein dahinter liegendes Erdreich 3, die zusammen, ganz allgemein gesprochen, einen Untergrund 5 darstellen. Durch die Stützmauer 1 hindurch und im Untergrund 3 wurde ein Bohrloch 7 hergestellt, in welches in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Phase des Herstellens eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraumes eine Vorrichtung 9 zur Herstellung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums eingeführt wird.1 shows schematically a section through a Retaining wall 1 and an underlying soil 3, which together, in general spoken, represent an underground 5. Through the retaining wall 1 and In the subsoil 3, a borehole 7 was made, in which in FIG. 1 shown phase of producing an undercut cavity Device 9 for producing an undercut cavity is introduced.

Die Vorrichtung 9 wird im Folgenden anhand der Fig. 4 näher erläutert: Die Vorrichtung 9 umfasst eine Welle 11, die in ihrem vorderen Bereich einen Kopf oder Führungsbereich 13 aufweist, dessen Außendurchmesser im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des Bohrlochs 7 entspricht. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine Zentrierung der Vorrichtung 9 im Bohrloch 7, obwohl der rückwärtige Bereich der Welle 11 einen geringeren Außendurchmesser aufweist als der Führungsbereich 13.The device 9 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4: The Device 9 comprises a shaft 11 which has a head in its front area or guide region 13, whose outer diameter essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the borehole 7. This results in a Centering of the device 9 in the borehole 7, although the rear area of the Shaft 11 has a smaller outer diameter than the guide area 13th

In einem Arbeitsbereich 15 der Welle 11 sind mehrere Abtragelemente 17 angeordnet, von denen in Fig. 4 lediglich sechs Elemente dargestellt sind.In a working area 15 of the shaft 11 there are several removal elements 17 arranged, of which only six elements are shown in Fig. 4.

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind jeweils zwei Abtragelemente 17 durch ein einziges Element gebildet, welches sich durch jeweils eine Bohrung senkrecht zur Längsachse der Welle 11 hindurch erstreckt und in dieser gehalten ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine vereinfachte Herstellung der Vorrichtung 9. In the illustrated embodiment, two removal elements 17 are through a single element is formed, which is perpendicular to each hole extends to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 11 and is held therein. This results in a simplified manufacture of the device 9.

Die Abtragelemente 17 in Fig. 4 sind als flexible Abtragelemente ausgebildet, so dass die Vorrichtung 9 infolge des gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Bohrlochs 7 geringeren Durchmessers des rückwärtigen Bereichs der Welle 11 einfach in das Bohrloch eingeführt werden kann.The removal elements 17 in FIG. 4 are designed as flexible removal elements, so that the device 9 due to the compared to the inner diameter of the Borehole 7 of smaller diameter of the rear region of the shaft 11 can be easily inserted into the borehole.

Diese Phase ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt. In Fig. 1 ist die Vorrichtung 9 in zwei Phasen des Einführvorgangs in das Bohrloch 7 dargestellt: Links von der Längsachse der Vorrichtung 9 ist die Phase gezeigt, in der sich die Vorrichtung 9 in einer Stellung befindet, in der die Abtragelemente 17 noch vollständig außerhalb des Bohrlochs 7 liegen. In dieser Phase sind die Abtragelemente 17 gestreckt dargestellt, wobei sich die Abtragelemente in der Praxis in dieser Phase selbstverständlich nicht vollkommen radial nach außen erstrecken müssen, sondern infolge des Eigengewichts entsprechend gebogen liegen können. In der Hälfte rechts von der Symmetrieachse der Vorrichtung 9 ist diese in einer Stellung gezeichnet, in der die Abtragelemente 17 durch die Einfübrbewegung in das Bohrloch 7 in Richtung auf das rückwärtige Ende der Vorrichtung 9 umgebogen wurden. Üblicherweise werden die Abtragelemente 17 eine gewisse Vorspannung aufweisen, so dass zumindest die äußeren Bereiche der Abtragelemente 17 an der Innenwandung des Bohrlochs 7 anliegen.This phase is shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1 the device 9 is in two phases of the insertion process into the borehole 7: Left of the longitudinal axis of the Device 9 is shown the phase in which the device 9 is in one position is located, in which the removal elements 17 are still completely outside of the borehole 7 lie. In this phase, the removal elements 17 are shown stretched, whereby the removal elements in practice, of course, not in this phase must extend completely radially outwards, but as a result of Own weight can be bent accordingly. Halfway to the right of the The axis of symmetry of the device 9 is drawn in a position in which the Removal elements 17 by the insertion movement in the borehole 7 in the direction of the rear end of the device 9 has been bent. Usually the removal elements 17 have a certain prestress, so that at least the outer areas of the removal elements 17 on the inner wall of the Apply borehole 7.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Situation wurde die Vorrichtung 9 bereits vollständig in das Bohrloch 7 eingeführt, d.h. der Arbeitsbereich 15 wurde so weit in das Bohrloch eingeschoben, bis sich dieser in einem Bereich befindet, in welchem der hinterschnittene Hohlraum 19 erstellt werden soll.In the situation shown in FIG. 2, the device 9 has already been completed inserted into borehole 7, i.e. workspace 15 has been so far into that Insert the borehole until it is in an area in which the undercut cavity 19 is to be created.

Dabei wird die Vorrichtung 9, wie in Fig. 2 durch den Pfeil I angedeutet, in Rotation versetzt, so dass die Abtragelemente infolge der Fliehkraft ausreichend hohe Kräfte auf den Untergrund in der Nachbarschaft des Arbeitsbereichs 15 ausüben, um dass Material des Untergrunds zu lockern bzw. abzutragen. Mit zunehmendem Durchmesser des hinterschnittenen Hohlraums 19 geraten die Abtragelemente 17 immer mehr in eine gestreckte Lage.The device 9 is, as indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow I, in Rotation offset, so that the removal elements are sufficient due to the centrifugal force high forces on the subsurface in the vicinity of work area 15 exercise to loosen or remove the material of the subsurface. With increasing diameter of the undercut cavity 19 come Removal elements 17 more and more in an extended position.

Durch das Vorsehen unterschiedlich langer Elemente wird über verschiedene Durchmesserbereiche des hinterschnittenen Hohlraums 19 jeweils eine optimale abtragende Wirkung erhalten, wobei jeweils diejenigen Abtragelemente 17 eine optimale Abtragwirkung entfalten, die sich in einem im Wesentlichen gestreckten Zustand (in radialer Richtung) befinden.By providing elements of different lengths, different elements are used Diameter ranges of the undercut cavity 19 each an optimal receive ablative effect, each of those ablation elements 17 a develop optimal removal effect, which is in a substantially stretched State (in the radial direction).

Wie in Fig. 2 durch den Pfeil II dargestellt, kann zur Erzeugung eines hinterschnittenen Hohlraums 19 mit einer vorgegebenen axialen Ausdehnung die Vorrichtung 9 in axialer Richtung vorzugsweise oszillierend bewegt werden.As shown in FIG. 2 by the arrow II, a undercut cavity 19 with a predetermined axial extent Device 9 are preferably moved oscillating in the axial direction.

Das jeweils abgetragene, bzw. gelockerte Material des umgebenden Untergrunds wird mittels eines Spülmediums 21 aus dem Ringraum zwischen der Welle 11 und der Innenwandung des Bohrlochs 7 ausgespült.The removed or loosened material of the surrounding subsurface is by means of a flushing medium 21 from the annular space between the shaft 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 7 rinsed out.

Hierzu ist in der Welle 11 ein axial verlaufender Zuführkanal 23 für das Spülmedium 21 vorgesehen, wobei im Arbeitsbereich 15 mehrere Austrittsöffnungen 25 vorgesehen sind.For this purpose, an axially extending feed channel 23 for the Flushing medium 21 is provided, with several in the work area 15 Outlet openings 25 are provided.

Wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, sind die Austrittsöffnungen 25 in der Wandung 27 der Hohlwelle 11 so ausgebildet, dass die Längsachse der Austrittsöffnungen 25 in Richtung auf das Ende der Welle 11 einen spitzen Winkel mit der Längsachse A der Welle 11 bzw. der Vorrichtung 9 einschließt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine verbesserte Ausspülwirkung in Richtung auf die Öffnung 29 des Bohrlochs 7 in der Stützmauer 1.As shown in Fig. 4, the outlet openings 25 in the wall 27 of the Hollow shaft 11 formed so that the longitudinal axis of the outlet openings 25 in Towards the end of the shaft 11 an acute angle with the longitudinal axis A. the shaft 11 or the device 9 includes. This results in a improved flushing effect in the direction of the opening 29 of the borehole 7 in the Retaining wall 1.

Bei dem Spülmedium kann es sich, wie bereits erläutert, um Druckluft, um Wasser (mit relativ niedrigem Druck) oder um einen erhärtbaren Baustoff, z.B. Zementmilch, handeln.As already explained, the flushing medium can be compressed air or water (at relatively low pressure) or around a hardenable building material, e.g. Cement milk, act.

Nach dem Fertigstellen des hinterschnittenen Hohlraums 19 wird die Vorrichung 9, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, wieder aus dem Bohrloch 7 bzw. dem hinterschnittenen Hohlraum 19 herausgezogen. Infolge der Flexibilität der Abtragelemente 17 biegen sich diese beim Herausziehen der Vorrichtung 9 aus dem Bohrloch 7 in Richtung auf das vordere Ende der Vorrichtung 9 um.After completion of the undercut cavity 19, the device 9, 3, again from the borehole 7 or the undercut Cavity 19 pulled out. Bend due to the flexibility of the removal elements 17 this when pulling the device 9 out of the borehole 7 in the direction to the front end of the device 9.

Die flexiblen Abtragelemente können z.B. als. Stahlseile ausgebildet sein. Die Stahlseile können jeweils ein oder mehrere Elemente 31 aus widerstandsfähigem Material aufweisen, um eine verbesserte abtragende bzw. lockernde Wirkung zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus kann hierdurch eine verbesserte Verschleißfestigkeit der Abtragelemente erreicht werden. Bei den Elementen 31 aus widerstandsfähigem Material kann es sich um ringförmige Elemente handeln, die auf ein als Stahlseil ausgebildetes Abtragelement 17 aufgepresst sind. Beispielsweise können hierbei diamantbesetzte Glieder einer Kette einer Steinsäge verwendet werden.The flexible removal elements can e.g. as. Steel cables should be formed. The Steel cables can each have one or more elements 31 made of resistant Have material to an improved ablative or loosening effect to reach. In addition, this can improve the wear resistance of the Removal elements can be achieved. With elements 31 made of resistant Material can be ring-shaped elements attached to a steel cable trained removal element 17 are pressed. For example, here diamond-set links of a stone saw chain can be used.

In einer anderen, nicht näher dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Abtragelemente 17 aus einzelnen Kettengliedern aufgebaut sein, wobei jedes oder nur bestimmte der Kettenglieder aus einem widerstandsfähigen Material mit verbesserter Abtragwirkung bestehen.In another, not shown embodiment of the invention the removal elements 17 can be constructed from individual chain links, each or only certain of the chain links made of a resistant material improved removal effect exist.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for producing a back-cut cavity, in particular for producing a supporting member,
    a) wherein a hole (7) extending substantially in a straight line is produced in a substrate (5),
    b) wherein a device (9) is introduced into the hole (7), the device (9) having a rotatable shaft (11) on which at least one radially movable excavating element (17) is arranged in a predetermined working area (15), and
    c) wherein the device (9) is set rotating, with the at least one excavating element (17) effecting, in consequence of the centrifugal forces, excavation or loosening of the material of the substrate (5) in the area surrounding the device (9) in the working area (15) of the flexible element (17), and
    d) wherein the shaft (11) has at its front end a guiding area (13), the outside diameter of which substantially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hole (7) in the substrate (5), and in which case the outside diameter of the shaft (11) is smaller than the inside diameter of the hole (7) so that the excavating elements (17) can be received in the annular space that develops between the shaft (11) and the inside wall of the hole, and
    e) wherein during the excavation and loosening, or after the excavation or loosening of the substrate (5), the material that has been excavated or loosened is flushed out by means of a flushing medium (21) in order to form a back-cut cavity (19) by way of the annular space.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the device (9) for forming a back-cut cavity (19) is moved with a predetermined axial extension, preferably during the rotation of the shaft, by a predetermined amount in an axial direction.
  3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the device (9) is moved in an oscillating manner in an axial direction.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein air or a hardening building material, for example cement grout, is used as the flushing medium (21).
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rinsing medium (21) is supplied by way of the shaft (11) of the device (9) and passes out by way of outlets (25) in the working area of the at least one excavating element (17).
  6. Device for producing a back-cut cavity in a hole in a substrate, in particular for producing an earth anchor, in accordance with the method according to claims 1 to 6,
    a) having a rotatable shaft (11) which in a predetermined working area (25) has at least one radially movable excavating element (17) which is formed in such a way that, in consequence of the centrifugal forces that act during rotation, excavation or loosening of the material of the substrate (5) is effected in the area that surrounds the shaft (11) in the working area of the flexible element (17), and
    b) having a guiding area (13) at the front end of the shaft (11), the outside diameter of which substantially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hole (7) in the substrate (5), and in which case the outside diameter of the shaft (11) is smaller than the inside diameter of the hole (7) so that the excavating elements (17) can be received in the annular space that develops between the shaft (11) and the inside wall of the hole, and the material that has been excavated or loosened can be flushed out.
  7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the excavating element (17) is formed as a flexible element, preferably as a steel cable.
  8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein areas or elements (31) made from a resistant material are provided on each excavating element (17).
  9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the excavating elements (17) are formed by steel cables which have one or more annular elements (31) made from a resistant material, preferably in the form of diamond-impregnated rings.
  10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein provided in the shaft (11) there is an axially extending supply channel (23) for the supply of the flushing medium (21), which channel (23) has one or more outlets (25) in the working area.
EP01933596A 2000-04-11 2001-04-11 Method and device for the production of back-cut cavities Expired - Lifetime EP1272711B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10017894 2000-04-11
DE10017894A DE10017894A1 (en) 2000-04-11 2000-04-11 Method and device for producing undercut cavities, in particular for producing support members and nails
PCT/DE2001/001422 WO2001077445A1 (en) 2000-04-11 2001-04-11 Method and device for the production of back-cut cavities

Publications (2)

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EP1272711A1 EP1272711A1 (en) 2003-01-08
EP1272711B1 true EP1272711B1 (en) 2004-03-03

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EP (1) EP1272711B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE261026T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10017894A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001077445A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111720058A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-29 河南理工大学 Hydrodynamic reaming device and method
CN111663903A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-15 河南理工大学 Compound type reaming bit
CN111720059A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-29 河南理工大学 Flexible reaming device and method

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176772A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-04-06 Macgregor Robert Roy Device for removing detrital material from a liner, tubing and casing
GB1249143A (en) * 1968-12-13 1971-10-06 Cementation Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to a reamer bit
GB1427528A (en) * 1972-11-20 1976-03-10 Reader Sons Ltd E Device for making under-reams for ground anchors
DD148247A1 (en) * 1979-12-08 1981-05-13 Willi Jahr METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HOLLOW-MAKING A FUNDAMENTAL BODY
DE3716100A1 (en) 1987-05-14 1988-12-01 Ross Kurt G METHOD FOR SECURING SUPPORT WALLS
DE3728270A1 (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-06-01 Klemm Bohrtech Method and apparatus for constructing concrete piles in the ground
DE3743507A1 (en) * 1987-12-22 1989-07-06 Klemm Bohrtech Method and apparatus for producing piles in the earth
CH691128A5 (en) * 1995-10-23 2001-04-30 Vincenzo Sibilla A method of establishment of anchors.
DE19721361C2 (en) * 1997-05-22 2001-01-04 Zueblin Ag Method of making piles and piles made in this way
US6065551A (en) * 1998-04-17 2000-05-23 G & G Gas, Inc. Method and apparatus for rotary mining

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DE50101611D1 (en) 2004-04-08
ATE261026T1 (en) 2004-03-15
DE10017894A1 (en) 2001-10-25
EP1272711A1 (en) 2003-01-08
WO2001077445A1 (en) 2001-10-18

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