EP1266823B1 - Submarine - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1266823B1
EP1266823B1 EP02004155A EP02004155A EP1266823B1 EP 1266823 B1 EP1266823 B1 EP 1266823B1 EP 02004155 A EP02004155 A EP 02004155A EP 02004155 A EP02004155 A EP 02004155A EP 1266823 B1 EP1266823 B1 EP 1266823B1
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Prior art keywords
submarine
hydrophones
hull
hydrophone
torpedo
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EP02004155A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1266823A3 (en
EP1266823A2 (en
Inventor
Kai Dr. Wicker
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/39Arrangements of sonic watch equipment, e.g. low-frequency, sonar

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a submarine with a device for detecting sound pulses emitting torpedoes according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the modern, high-speed, actively-located torpedo poses the greatest threat to submarines. This is particularly the case for air-ridden torpedoes shot down by surface ships in a ballistic range or dropped into the water by helicopters or airplanes at short range. For a submarine, it is therefore essential to survive to detect such torpedoes very quickly even at a short distance and to determine the torpedo data, such as bearing and / or distance, to immediately initiate defensive maneuvers and effective use of defense weapons.
  • a well-known submarine of this type (L. Kuhnle "Classification and Identification - CAI - by Submarine Sonar” Naval Forces No VII 1987, page 28) has for this purpose a so-called intercept panoramic sonar (IPS) with an intercept basis, the in addition to the detection and bearing of the sound pulses emitting targets, such as torpedoes, and the sound pulses with respect to their frequency range, their modulation type, the pulse length and pulse repetition rate analyzed to an approaching target classify and identify.
  • the intercept base is located in the bow section of the submarine on the top of the hull and the outer skin.
  • the intercept base has e.g. an outer contour in the form of a barrel or a barrel which is internally provided by star-shaped partitions of rubber-coated sheet metal in e.g. six sectors each with 60 ° opening angle is divided.
  • a plurality of hydrophones are arranged, which are glued in rows and columns in a matrix of rigid polyurethane foam.
  • the individual hydrophones designed for the high-frequency transmission frequency range of torpedo-sons are connected to the signal processing unit by signal lines routed in a centrally arranged, tubular passage.
  • the invention is based on the object at a equipped with a device for torpedo detection submarine, the required reception base cost-effective and so that attacking from large elevation angles Torpedoes detected and the torpedo data can be detected with sufficient accuracy.
  • the submarine according to the invention has the advantage that the required hydrophones for forming a reception base, which is designed for the transmission frequency range of torpedo-sonar, are commercially available and even with integrated amplifiers still have a very small volume.
  • These miniature hydrophones can be mounted anywhere on the surface of the submarine at particularly suitable locations directly on the outer skin.
  • the hydrophones are arranged both in the bow and stern of the boat body as well as in the tower area, so that either a linear or planar reception base can be formed by a suitable selection of spatially favorably placed hydrophones.
  • Unlike known receiving bases while maintaining predetermined distances between the hydrophones or hydrophone groups and a highly accurate alignment is not required.
  • the installation of the hydrophones on the hull and tower is very simple and can be done in a short time.
  • the necessary measurement of the locations of the attached hydrophones is carried out acoustically and can be accomplished with suitable software in a short time.
  • the signal processing unit Due to the specified type of embodiment of the signal processing unit not only an arbitrary distribution of the hydrophones over the surface of the submarine under consideration of technically particularly favorable surface areas is possible, but it is already with Obtaining accurate azimuth and elevation azimuth angles to a two-dimensional array of hydrophones on the curved surface of the submarine. The more hydrophones are used, the more accurate the bearing result. If more hydrophones are involved than degrees of freedom are to be measured, the use of a least squares estimation method is necessary to determine the bearing angles. Distance measurements can be achieved by cross-polling with hydrophones or hydrophone groups that are as far apart as possible, eg at the front and rear of the hull.
  • a number of hydrophones are strung together to form a belt of spaced-apart hydrophones and a plurality of such hydrophone belts are distributed on the surface of the submarine.
  • the computational effort for determining the torpedo data in azimuth and elevation is reduced, in particular when the belt-like juxtaposition of the hydrophones is carried out equidistantly.
  • the vertically oriented closed-loop hydrofoils in the bow and stern sections are selected to obtain the torpedo data in elevation, and the horizontally oriented open hydrofoil belts on the sides of the hull to obtain the torpedo data in azimuth.
  • the invention is illustrated by an illustrated in the drawing Embodiment described in more detail below.
  • the drawing shows a perspective view of a submarine, schematized, in conjunction with a device for the detection of actively locating torpedoes.
  • the submarine schematically illustrated in the drawing has an elongated, cylinder-like hull 10 provided with an access tower 11 and an outer skin 12, at the rear of which a propeller 13 for driving the submarine is arranged. At the rear and side of the entrance tower 11 rudders 14, 15 are arranged.
  • the submarine is equipped with a device for the detection and location of so-called actively located torpedoes, which emit high-frequency sound impulses by means of a so-called torpedo-sonar.
  • the device has a multiplicity of omnidirectionally receiving hydrophones 16 as well as a signal processing unit 17 which determines at least their bearing from the output signals of the hydrophones 16 for obtaining torpedo data.
  • the hydrophones 16 are designed for the typical transmission frequency range of torpedosons and preferably have integrated amplifiers. Such hydrophones 16 are available on the market and are characterized by a quite volumenkleine design.
  • the hydrophones 16 are distributed over the surface of the submarine and attached directly to the outer skin 12 of the submarine structure-sound decoupled.
  • the electrical output signals of the hydrophones 16 are connected to the signal processing unit 17 installed in the interior of the hull 10 by signal lines 18, which are indicated only symbolically here and which pass through the outer skin 12 into the submarine interior. Only the simplified representation is half in the drawing Signal processing unit 17 shown outside of the submarine.
  • hydrophones 16 and their arrangement are shown only schematically.
  • a number of hydrophones 16 are juxtaposed to a belt of spaced-apart hydrophones 16 and multiple such hydrophone belts are distributed on the surface.
  • two closed hydrofoil belts 19 are arranged in the bow region and two closed hydrofoils 19 in the rear region of the hull 10, wherein the hydrophone belts 19 completely circumnavigate the hull 10 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
  • an open hydrophone belt 20 is arranged in each case on the control and port side of the hull 10 parallel to the boat's longitudinal axis. Of these two hydrofoil belts 20 only the starboard side hydrophone belt 20 can be seen in the drawing.
  • each hydrophone belt 20 can be arranged so that hydrophones 16 extend from the four closed Hydrofongürteln 19 the hydraulic belt 20 end.
  • Another two open hydrophone belt 21 are arranged on the side walls of the Einieriturms 11 parallel to the boat's longitudinal axis. In the drawing, in turn, only the two arranged on the starboard wall of the insertion tower 11 Hydrofongürtel 21, which are aligned at a parallel distance from each other to see. Between the hydrofoil belts 21 individual hydrophones 16 can still be arranged so that they form a vertical row with selected hydrophones 16 from the hydrofoil belts 21.
  • the ordered, belt-like sequence of the hydrophones 16, preferably with a constant spacing between the hydrophones 16, is only one possible embodiment of the hydroforming of the outer skin 12 of the submarine.
  • the Hydrofonbe Swissung can be made arbitrarily, with those areas of the submarine are selected that are not in the inspection area, so that the hydrophones 16 can not be mechanically damaged.
  • the distances of the hydrophones 16 from each other must be neither periodic nor regular and are also not subject to conditions such. smaller ⁇ / 2, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the received signals.
  • Hydros 16 may also be provided on the face 22 of the bow of the hull 10 so as to provide a total of a linear hydrophone arrangement through the hydrophone belts 20 and 21, a two-dimensional hydrophone arrangement through the hydrophone belts 19 on the cylindrically curved surface of the hull 10 and a hydrophone assembly on the front of the bug are present.
  • the location of the individual hydrophones 16 relative to a boat-fixed coordinate system is acoustically measured, and the location coordinates are stored in the signal processing unit 17.
  • the symbolized in the drawing by a block diagram signal processing unit 17 is designed so that it makes the determination of torpedo data, namely the bearing angle, from the transit time differences between the output signals corresponding to selected hydrophones 16.
  • the bearing angles are determined only in the azimuth, only in elevation or both in the azimuth and in elevation.
  • a signal processing method that uses the bearing in azimuth and elevation from the transit time differences between the The output signals of a multisensor array are reported in Berdugo, Doron Rosenhouse, Azhari, The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 6, June 1999, pages 3355-3363.
  • the algorithm described there is based on an extension of a maximum likelihood estimator 24 by an algorithm for determining the signal delay times (Time Delay Estimator) between combinations of the hydrophones 16 to be selected according to the geometry.
  • the time delay estimator 23 calculates from the electrical output signals S i Hydrophones 16 the vector of signal delays ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the maximum likelihood estimator 24 determines therefrom an estimated value for the incident vector k ⁇ and thus the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ of the incident wavefront, which are represented as a bearing of the torpedo in a display unit 25.
  • bearing angles can be determined by geometric calculation, the distance of the torpedo, which is generally known by the term "cross-bearing".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The submarine has a hull (10) provided with an outer skin (12) having a number of omnidirectional reception hydrophones (16), coupled to a signal processing device (17) for location of a torpedo from the sound pulses emitted by the latter. The hydrophones are directly attached to the outer skin in a defined pattern across the hull, with location of the torpedo from the propagation time differences between the received signals.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein U-Boot mit einer Einrichtung zur Erkennung von Schallimpulse aussendenden Torpedos gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a submarine with a device for detecting sound pulses emitting torpedoes according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der moderne, schnellaufende, aktiv ortende Torpedo stellt für U-Boote die größte Gefährdung dar. Dies gilt insbesondere für luftverbrachte Torpedos, die von Oberflächenschiffen in einer ballistischen Schußbahn abgeschossen oder von Hubschraubern oder Flugzeugen auf kurze Distanz zum Ziel ins Wasser abgeworfen werden. Für ein U-Boot ist es daher überlebensnotwendig solche Torpedos sehr schnell auch auf kurzer Distanz zu detektieren und die Torpedodaten, wie Peilung und/oder Entfernung, zu bestimmen, um sofort Abwehrmanöver einleiten und Abwehrwaffen effektiv einsetzten zu können.The modern, high-speed, actively-located torpedo poses the greatest threat to submarines. This is particularly the case for air-ridden torpedoes shot down by surface ships in a ballistic range or dropped into the water by helicopters or airplanes at short range. For a submarine, it is therefore essential to survive to detect such torpedoes very quickly even at a short distance and to determine the torpedo data, such as bearing and / or distance, to immediately initiate defensive maneuvers and effective use of defense weapons.

Ein bekanntes U-Boot dieser Art (L. Kühnle "Classification and Identification - CAI - by Submarine Sonars" Naval Forces No VII 1987, Seite 28) weist hierzu ein sog. Intercept-Panorama-Sonar (IPS) mit einer Interceptbasis auf, das neben der Detektion und Peilung der Schallimpulse abstrahlenden Ziele, z.B. Torpedos, auch die Schallimpulse bezüglich ihres Frequenzbereichs, ihrer Modulationsart, der Pulslänge und Pulswiederholrate analysiert, um ein anlaufendes Ziel zu klassifizieren und zu identifizieren. Die Interceptbasis ist im Bugbereich des U-Boots auf der Oberseite des Bootskörpers und der Außenhaut angeordnet.A well-known submarine of this type (L. Kuhnle "Classification and Identification - CAI - by Submarine Sonar" Naval Forces No VII 1987, page 28) has for this purpose a so-called intercept panoramic sonar (IPS) with an intercept basis, the in addition to the detection and bearing of the sound pulses emitting targets, such as torpedoes, and the sound pulses with respect to their frequency range, their modulation type, the pulse length and pulse repetition rate analyzed to an approaching target classify and identify. The intercept base is located in the bow section of the submarine on the top of the hull and the outer skin.

Ein Beispiele für den Aufbau der Interceptbasis ist in der DE 196 12 503 C2 beschrieben. Dort besitzt die Interceptbasis z.B. eine äußere Kontur in Form einer Tonne oder eines Fasses, die oder das im Innern durch sternförmig angeordnete Trennwände aus gummibeschichtetem Metallblech in z.B. sechs Sektoren mit jeweils 60° Öffnungswinkel unterteilt ist. In jedem Sektor ist eine Vielzahl von Hydrofonen angeordnet, die in Reihen und Spalten in eine Matrix aus Polyurethan-Hartschaum eingeklebt sind. Die einzelnen, für den hochfrequenten Sendefrequenzbereich von Torpedosonaren ausgelegten Hydrofone werden durch Signalleitungen, die in einem mittig angeordneten, rohrförmigen Durchgang verlegt sind, mit der Signalverarbeitungseinheit verbunden.An example of the structure of the Interceptbasis is described in DE 196 12 503 C2. There, the intercept base has e.g. an outer contour in the form of a barrel or a barrel which is internally provided by star-shaped partitions of rubber-coated sheet metal in e.g. six sectors each with 60 ° opening angle is divided. In each sector, a plurality of hydrophones are arranged, which are glued in rows and columns in a matrix of rigid polyurethane foam. The individual hydrophones designed for the high-frequency transmission frequency range of torpedo-sons are connected to the signal processing unit by signal lines routed in a centrally arranged, tubular passage.

Eine solche aus einem einzelnen Modul mit einer Vielzahl von Hydrofonen bestehende Empfangsbasis ist fertigungstechnisch sehr aufwendig und entsprechend teuer. Ein anlaufender Torpedo kann mit dieser Empfangsbasis zudem nur dann ausreichend genau gepeilt werden, wenn er sich etwa in der Ebene bewegt, in der die Empfangsbasis angeordnet ist. Ein größerer Versatz der Anlaufebene des Torpedos in Elevation führt dagegen zu ungenauen Peilwinkeln. Zudem ist die Empfangsbasis "blind" gegen steil von oben das U-Boot anlaufende Torpedos.Such from a single module with a plurality of hydrophones existing receiving base is very expensive to manufacture and correspondingly expensive. In addition, a starting torpedo can only be detected with sufficient accuracy with this reception base if it moves approximately in the plane in which the reception base is arranged. On the other hand, a larger offset of the start plane of the torpedo in elevation leads to inaccurate bearing angles. In addition, the reception base is "blind" against steeply from above the submarine approaching torpedoes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem mit einer Einrichtung zur Torpedoerkennung ausgerüsteten U-Boot die erforderliche Empfangsbasis kostengünstig und so zu gestalten, daß auch aus großen Elevationswinkeln angreifende Torpedos detektiert und die Torpedodaten ausreichend genau erfaßt werden können.The invention is based on the object at a equipped with a device for torpedo detection submarine, the required reception base cost-effective and so that attacking from large elevation angles Torpedoes detected and the torpedo data can be detected with sufficient accuracy.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features in claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße U-Boot hat den Vorteil, daß die erforderlichen Hydrofone zur Bildung einer Empfangsbasis, die für den Sendefrequenzbereich von Torpedosonaren ausgelegt ist, im Handel erhältlich sind und selbst mit integrierten Verstärkern noch ein sehr kleines Bauvolumen besitzen. Diese baukleinen Hydrofone können beliebig auf der Oberfläche des U-Boots verteilt an dafür besonders geeigneten Orten direkt auf der Außenhaut befestigt werden. Dabei werden die Hydrofone sowohl im Bug- und Heckbereich des Bootskörpers als auch im Turmbereich angeordnet, so daß durch eine geeignete Auswahl von räumlich günstig plazierten Hydrofonen wahlweise eine lineare oder flächige Empfangsbasis gebildet werden kann. Anders als bei bekannten Empfangsbasen ist dabei die Einhaltung vorgegebener Abstände zwischen den Hydrofonen oder Hydrofongruppen und eine hochgenaue Ausrichtung nicht erforderlich. Die Montage der Hydrofone am Bootskörper und Turm ist sehr einfach und kann mit geringem Zeitaufwand ausgeführt werden. Die notwendige Vermessung der Orte der angebrachten Hydrofone wird akustisch durchgeführt und kann mit einer geeigneten Software in kurzer Zeit bewerkstelligt werden.The submarine according to the invention has the advantage that the required hydrophones for forming a reception base, which is designed for the transmission frequency range of torpedo-sonar, are commercially available and even with integrated amplifiers still have a very small volume. These miniature hydrophones can be mounted anywhere on the surface of the submarine at particularly suitable locations directly on the outer skin. The hydrophones are arranged both in the bow and stern of the boat body as well as in the tower area, so that either a linear or planar reception base can be formed by a suitable selection of spatially favorably placed hydrophones. Unlike known receiving bases while maintaining predetermined distances between the hydrophones or hydrophone groups and a highly accurate alignment is not required. The installation of the hydrophones on the hull and tower is very simple and can be done in a short time. The necessary measurement of the locations of the attached hydrophones is carried out acoustically and can be accomplished with suitable software in a short time.

Durch die angegebene Art der Ausgestaltung der Signalverarbeitungseinheit ist nicht nur eine willkürliche Verteilung der Hydrofone über die Oberfläche des U-Boots unter Einbeziehung ortungstechnisch besonders günstiger Oberflächenbereiche möglich, sondern es werden bereits mit einer zweidimensionalen Anordnung von Hydrofonen auf der gekrümmten Oberfläche des U-Boots genaue Peilwinkel sowohl im Azimut als auch in Elevation erhalten. Je mehr Hydrofone dabei herangezogen werden, desto genauer fällt das Peilergebnis aus. Sind mehr Hydrofone einbezogen als Freiheitsgrade zu messen sind, so ist zur Bestimmung der Peilwinkel die Anwendung eines Least-Square-Schätzverfahrens erforderlich. Entfernungsmessungen lassen sich durch Kreuzpeilung mit Hydrofonen oder Hydrofongruppen realisieren, die möglichst weit voneinander entfernt sind, z.B. vorn und hinten am Bootskörper angeordnet sind.Due to the specified type of embodiment of the signal processing unit not only an arbitrary distribution of the hydrophones over the surface of the submarine under consideration of technically particularly favorable surface areas is possible, but it is already with Obtaining accurate azimuth and elevation azimuth angles to a two-dimensional array of hydrophones on the curved surface of the submarine. The more hydrophones are used, the more accurate the bearing result. If more hydrophones are involved than degrees of freedom are to be measured, the use of a least squares estimation method is necessary to determine the bearing angles. Distance measurements can be achieved by cross-polling with hydrophones or hydrophone groups that are as far apart as possible, eg at the front and rear of the hull.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen U-Boots mit vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the inventive U-boat with advantageous developments and refinements of the invention will become apparent from the other claims.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Anzahl von Hydrofonen zu einem Gürtel aus voneinander beabstandeten Hydrofonen aneinandergereiht und sind mehrere solcher Hydrofongürtel auf der Oberfläche des U-Boots verteilt. Durch diese geordnete Anordnung der Hydrofone wird der Rechenaufwand zur Bestimmung der Torpedodaten in Azimut und Elevation reduziert, insbesondere dann, wenn die gürtelartige Aneinanderreihung der Hydrofone äquidistant vorgenommen wird. Die in Vertikalrichtung ausgerichteten geschlossenen Hydrofongürtel im Bug- und Heckbereich werden zur Gewinnung der Torpedodaten in Elevation und die horizontal ausgerichteten offenen Hydrofongürtel an den Flanken des Bootskörpers zur Gewinnung der Torpedodaten im Azimut ausgewählt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a number of hydrophones are strung together to form a belt of spaced-apart hydrophones and a plurality of such hydrophone belts are distributed on the surface of the submarine. As a result of this ordered arrangement of the hydrophones, the computational effort for determining the torpedo data in azimuth and elevation is reduced, in particular when the belt-like juxtaposition of the hydrophones is carried out equidistantly. The vertically oriented closed-loop hydrofoils in the bow and stern sections are selected to obtain the torpedo data in elevation, and the horizontally oriented open hydrofoil belts on the sides of the hull to obtain the torpedo data in azimuth.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung illustrierten Ausführungsbeispiels im folgenden näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt die Zeichnung eine perspektivische Darstellung eines U-Boots, schematisiert, in Verbindung mit einer Einrichtung zur Erkennung aktiv ortender Torpedos.The invention is illustrated by an illustrated in the drawing Embodiment described in more detail below. The drawing shows a perspective view of a submarine, schematized, in conjunction with a device for the detection of actively locating torpedoes.

Das in der Zeichnung schematisiert dargestellte U-Boot weist einen mit einem Einstiegsturm 11 und einer Außenhaut 12 versehenen, langgestreckten, zylinderähnlichen Bootskörper 10 auf, an dessen Heck ein Propeller 13 zum Antrieb des U-Boots angeordnet ist. Am Heck und seitlich am Einstiegsturm 11 sind Ruder 14, 15 angeordnet.The submarine schematically illustrated in the drawing has an elongated, cylinder-like hull 10 provided with an access tower 11 and an outer skin 12, at the rear of which a propeller 13 for driving the submarine is arranged. At the rear and side of the entrance tower 11 rudders 14, 15 are arranged.

Das U-Boot ist mit einer Einrichtung zur Detektion und Ortung von sog. aktiv ortenden Torpedos ausgerüstet, die mittels eines sog. Torpedosonars hochfrequente Schallimpulse aussenden. Die Einrichtung weist eine Vielzahl von omnidirektional empfangenden Hydrofonen 16 sowie eine Signalverarbeitungseinheit 17 auf, die aus den Ausgangssignalen der Hydrofone 16 zur Gewinnung von Torpedodaten zumindest deren Peilung bestimmt. Die Hydrofone 16 sind für den typischen Sendefrequenzbereich von Torpedosonaren ausgelegt und weisen vorzugsweise integrierte Verstärker auf. Solche Hydrofone 16 sind im Markt erhältlich und zeichnen sich durch eine recht volumenkleine Bauform aus. Die Hydrofone 16 sind über die Oberfläche des U-Boots beliebig verteilt und direkt auf der Außenhaut 12 des U-Boots körperschallentkoppelt befestigt. Die elektrischen Ausgangssignale der Hydrofone 16 sind durch hier nur symbolisch angedeutete Signalleitungen 18, die durch die Außenhaut 12 in das U-Boot-Innere hindurchtreten, mit der im Innern des Bootskörpers 10 installierten Signalverarbeitungseinheit 17 verbunden. Nur der vereinfachten Darstellung halber ist in der Zeichnung die Signalverarbeitungseinheit 17 außerhalb des U-Boots dargestellt.The submarine is equipped with a device for the detection and location of so-called actively located torpedoes, which emit high-frequency sound impulses by means of a so-called torpedo-sonar. The device has a multiplicity of omnidirectionally receiving hydrophones 16 as well as a signal processing unit 17 which determines at least their bearing from the output signals of the hydrophones 16 for obtaining torpedo data. The hydrophones 16 are designed for the typical transmission frequency range of torpedosons and preferably have integrated amplifiers. Such hydrophones 16 are available on the market and are characterized by a quite volumenkleine design. The hydrophones 16 are distributed over the surface of the submarine and attached directly to the outer skin 12 of the submarine structure-sound decoupled. The electrical output signals of the hydrophones 16 are connected to the signal processing unit 17 installed in the interior of the hull 10 by signal lines 18, which are indicated only symbolically here and which pass through the outer skin 12 into the submarine interior. Only the simplified representation is half in the drawing Signal processing unit 17 shown outside of the submarine.

In der Zeichnung sind die Hydrofone 16 und ihre Anordnung nur schematisch dargestellt. Wie dort ersichtlich ist, ist eine Anzahl von Hydrofonen 16 zu einem Gürtel aus voneinander beabstandeten Hydrofonen 16 aneinandergereiht und sind mehrerer solcher Hydrofongürtel auf der Oberfläche verteilt. Dabei sind zwei geschlossene Hydrofongürtel 19 im Bugbereich und zwei geschlossene Hydrofongürtel 19 im Heckbereich des Bootskörpers 10 angeordnet, wobei die Hydrofongürtel 19 den Bootskörper 10 quer zur Bootslängsachse vollständig umlaufen. Weiterhin ist ein offener Hydrofongürtel 20 jeweils auf der Steuer- und Backbordseite des Bootskörpers 10 parallel zur Bootslängsachse angeordnet. Von diesen beiden Hydrofongürteln 20 ist in der Zeichnung nur der steuerbordseitige Hydrofongürtel 20 zu sehen. Dabei kann jeder Hydrofongürtel 20 so angeordnet werden, daß Hydrofone 16 aus den vier geschlossenen Hydrofongürteln 19 den Hydrofongürtel 20 endseitig verlängern. Weitere zwei offene Hydrofongürtel 21 sind an den Seitenwänden des Einstiegturms 11 parallel zur Bootslängsachse angeordnet. In der Zeichnung sind wiederum nur die beiden an der Steuerbordwand des Einstiegturms 11 angeordnete Hydrofongürtel 21, die im Parallelabstand zueinander ausgerichtet sind, zu sehen. Zwischen den Hydrofongürteln 21 können noch einzelne Hydrofone 16 so angeordnet werden, daß sie mit ausgewählten Hydrofonen 16 aus den Hydrofongürteln 21 eine vertikale Reihung bilden.In the drawing, the hydrophones 16 and their arrangement are shown only schematically. As seen therein, a number of hydrophones 16 are juxtaposed to a belt of spaced-apart hydrophones 16 and multiple such hydrophone belts are distributed on the surface. In this case, two closed hydrofoil belts 19 are arranged in the bow region and two closed hydrofoils 19 in the rear region of the hull 10, wherein the hydrophone belts 19 completely circumnavigate the hull 10 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boat. Furthermore, an open hydrophone belt 20 is arranged in each case on the control and port side of the hull 10 parallel to the boat's longitudinal axis. Of these two hydrofoil belts 20 only the starboard side hydrophone belt 20 can be seen in the drawing. In this case, each hydrophone belt 20 can be arranged so that hydrophones 16 extend from the four closed Hydrofongürteln 19 the hydraulic belt 20 end. Another two open hydrophone belt 21 are arranged on the side walls of the Einstiegturms 11 parallel to the boat's longitudinal axis. In the drawing, in turn, only the two arranged on the starboard wall of the insertion tower 11 Hydrofongürtel 21, which are aligned at a parallel distance from each other to see. Between the hydrofoil belts 21 individual hydrophones 16 can still be arranged so that they form a vertical row with selected hydrophones 16 from the hydrofoil belts 21.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist die geordnete, gürtelartige Reihung der Hydrofone 16 mit vorzugsweise konstantem Abstand zwischen den Hydrofonen 16 nur eine von möglichen Ausführungen der Hydrofonbestückung der Außenhaut 12 des U-Boots.As already mentioned, the ordered, belt-like sequence of the hydrophones 16, preferably with a constant spacing between the hydrophones 16, is only one possible embodiment of the hydroforming of the outer skin 12 of the submarine.

Grundsätzlich und für die Montage vorteilhaft kann die Hydrofonbestückung beliebig erfolgen, wobei solche Bereiche des U-Boots ausgewählt werden, die nicht im Begehungsbereich liegen, so daß die Hydrofone 16 nicht mechanisch beschädigt werden können. Die Abstände der Hydrofone 16 voneinander müssen weder periodisch noch regelmäßig sein und unterliegen auch keinen Bedingungen, wie z.B. kleiner λ/2, wobei λ die Wellenlänge der empfangenen Signale ist.In principle, and for the assembly advantageous, the Hydrofonbestückung can be made arbitrarily, with those areas of the submarine are selected that are not in the inspection area, so that the hydrophones 16 can not be mechanically damaged. The distances of the hydrophones 16 from each other must be neither periodic nor regular and are also not subject to conditions such. smaller λ / 2, where λ is the wavelength of the received signals.

Auf der Stirnseite 22 des Bugs des Bootskörpers 10 können ebenfalls Hydrofone 16 vorgesehen werden, so daß insgesamt eine lineare Hydrofonanordnung durch die Hydrofongürtel 20 und 21, eine zweidimensionale Hydrofonanordnung durch die Hydrofongürtel 19 auf der zylindrisch gewölbten Oberfläche des Bootskörpers 10 und eine Hydrofonanordnung an der Frontseite des Bugs vorhanden sind.Hydros 16 may also be provided on the face 22 of the bow of the hull 10 so as to provide a total of a linear hydrophone arrangement through the hydrophone belts 20 and 21, a two-dimensional hydrophone arrangement through the hydrophone belts 19 on the cylindrically curved surface of the hull 10 and a hydrophone assembly on the front of the bug are present.

Nach Bestückung der Außenhaut 12 des U-Boots mit den Hydrofonen 16 wird der Ort der einzelnen Hydrofone 16 bezogen auf ein bootsfestes Koordinatensystem akustisch vermessen, und die Ortskoordinaten werden in der Signalverarbeitungseinheit 17 abgespeichert.After fitting the outer skin 12 of the submarine with the hydrophones 16, the location of the individual hydrophones 16 relative to a boat-fixed coordinate system is acoustically measured, and the location coordinates are stored in the signal processing unit 17.

Die in der Zeichnung durch ein Blockschaltbild symbolisierte Signalverarbeitungseinheit 17 ist so ausgebildet, daß sie die Bestimmung von Torpedodaten, nämlich der Peilwinkel, aus den Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen den Ausgangssignalen entsprechend ausgewählter Hydrofone 16 vornimmt. Je nach Anordnung der ausgewählten Hydrofone 16 werden dabei die Peilwinkel nur im Azimut, nur in Elevation oder sowohl im Azimut als auch in Elevation ermittelt. Ein Signalverarbeitungsverfahren, das die Peilung in Azimut und Elevation aus den Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen den Ausgangssignalen eines Multisensor-Array ermittelt ist in Berdugo, Doron Rosenhouse, Azhari "On direction finding of an emitting source from time delays", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 105, No. 6, June 1999, Seite 3355 - 3363, beschrieben. Kurzgefaßt basiert der dort beschriebene Algorithmus auf einer Erweiterung eines Maximum Likelihood Estimators 24 durch einen Algorithmus zur Bestimmung der Signallaufzeiten (Time Delay Estimator) zwischen je nach Geometrie zu wählenden Kombinationen der Hydrofone 16. Der Time Delay Estimator 23 berechnet aus den elektrischen Ausgangssignalen Si der Hydrofone 16 den Vektor der Signallaufzeiten τ ,

Figure imgb0001
, und der Maximum Likelihood Estimator 24 bestimmt daraus einen Schätzwert für den Einfallsvektor k
Figure imgb0002
und somit den Azimutwinkel ϑ und den Elevationswinkel ε der einfallenden Wellenfront, die als Peilung des Torpedos in einer Anzeigeeinheit 25 dargestellt werden. Mit von verschiedenen Hydrofongruppen, die vorzugsweise weit am Bootskörper 10 voneinander entfernt liegen, ermittelten Peilwinkeln kann durch geometrische Berechnung die Entfernung des Torpedos ermittelt werden, was allgemein unter dem Begriff "Kreuzpeilung" bekannt ist.The symbolized in the drawing by a block diagram signal processing unit 17 is designed so that it makes the determination of torpedo data, namely the bearing angle, from the transit time differences between the output signals corresponding to selected hydrophones 16. Depending on the arrangement of the selected hydrophones 16, the bearing angles are determined only in the azimuth, only in elevation or both in the azimuth and in elevation. A signal processing method that uses the bearing in azimuth and elevation from the transit time differences between the The output signals of a multisensor array are reported in Berdugo, Doron Rosenhouse, Azhari, The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 6, June 1999, pages 3355-3363. In short, the algorithm described there is based on an extension of a maximum likelihood estimator 24 by an algorithm for determining the signal delay times (Time Delay Estimator) between combinations of the hydrophones 16 to be selected according to the geometry. The time delay estimator 23 calculates from the electrical output signals S i Hydrophones 16 the vector of signal delays τ .
Figure imgb0001
and the maximum likelihood estimator 24 determines therefrom an estimated value for the incident vector k
Figure imgb0002
and thus the azimuth angle θ and the elevation angle ε of the incident wavefront, which are represented as a bearing of the torpedo in a display unit 25. With determined by different hydrophone groups, which are preferably far away from the boat body 10, bearing angles can be determined by geometric calculation, the distance of the torpedo, which is generally known by the term "cross-bearing".

Claims (9)

  1. Submarine having a submarine hull (10) which has an outer skin (12), and having a device for identification of torpedoes which are emitting sound pulses, which device has a large number of omnidirectionally receiving hydrophones (16) as well as a signal processing unit (17) for determination of torpedo data from the output signals from the hydrophones (16), characterized in that the hydrophones (16) are distributed as required over the surface of the submarine hull (10) and are mounted directly on its outer skin (12), and in that the signal processing unit (17) is designed such that, in order to determine the torpedo data, it determines the bearing of the torpedo from the delay-time differences between the output signals from selected hydrophones (16).
  2. Submarine according to Claim 1 having an entry fin (11), which is placed on the submarine hull (10), characterized in that a number of hydrophones (16) are distributed as required on the entry fin (11) and are attached directly to the fin wall.
  3. Submarine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a number of hydrophones (16) are in each case arranged in rows to form belts (19 - 21) of hydrophones (16) which are separated from one another.
  4. Submarine according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least one closed hydrophone belt (19) is arranged in the bow area and at least one closed hydrophone belt (19) is arranged in the stern area of the submarine hull (10), surrounding the submarine hull (10) transversely with respect to the submarine longitudinal axis.
  5. Submarine according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one open hydrophone belt (21) is in each case arranged approximately parallel to the submarine longitudinal axis on the starboard side and port side of the entry fin (11).
  6. Submarine according to one of Claims 3 - 5, characterized in that at least one open hydrophone belt (20) is arranged parallel to the submarine longitudinal axis on the starboard side and port side of the submarine hull (10).
  7. Submarine according to one of Claims 1 - 6, characterized in that a number of hydrophones (16) are arranged at the end (22) of the bow of the submarine hull (10).
  8. Submarine according to one of Claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the attachment of the hydrophones (16) is designed to decouple structure-borne sound.
  9. Submarine according to one of Claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the locations, which are surveyed preferably acoustically with respect to a vehicle-fixed coordinate system, of the hydrophones (16) which are distributed over the surface of the submarine are stored in the signal processing unit (17).
EP02004155A 2001-06-15 2002-02-26 Submarine Revoked EP1266823B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10128973A DE10128973C1 (en) 2001-06-15 2001-06-15 Submarine with active torpedo location device using omnidirectional hydrophones for detection of sound pulses emitted by torpedo
DE10128973 2001-06-15

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DE10228681C1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2003-07-03 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Underwater body detection method uses evaluation of electroacoustic signals for detection of splash noise when body drops into water
DE102004037987A1 (en) 2004-08-05 2006-02-23 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Electro-acoustic underwater antenna
DE102004062128B8 (en) * 2004-12-23 2012-10-18 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Electroacoustic transducer and its use
DE102007034054A1 (en) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-22 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Method for passively determining at least the distance to a sound emitting target and sonar system
DE102010056119B4 (en) * 2010-12-23 2015-02-05 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Acoustic underwater antenna, submarine with such an antenna and method for locating, locating and / or classifying a target by means of such an antenna
CN102582808A (en) * 2012-03-10 2012-07-18 徐国元 Unmanned submarine
RU2517782C2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2014-05-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Таганрогский научно-исследовательский институт связи" (ОАО "ТНИИС") Method of defending submarine against wide-range mine-torpedo
FR3014207B1 (en) * 2013-11-29 2016-01-01 Thales Sa SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOCATING INTERCEPTED SONAR EMISSIONS
CN106644043B (en) * 2016-12-14 2019-08-23 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一0研究所 A kind of submarine mine modular insert characteristics of conformal acoustic array
DE102019212636A1 (en) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-25 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Location signal receiver for determining a sound pulse image

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US3875844A (en) * 1954-11-23 1975-04-08 Raymond M Hicks Anti-torpedo system
DE19612503C2 (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-01-29 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Electroacoustic transducer module
DE19745726C1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-05-06 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Method of determining the direction of incidence of received sound pulses
EP1001275B1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2004-02-04 ATLAS ELEKTRONIK GmbH Apparatus for determining the angle of incidence of incoming time limited sound waves

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AU784786B2 (en) 2006-06-22
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AU4445802A (en) 2002-12-19

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