EP1230414A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1230414A1 EP1230414A1 EP00926739A EP00926739A EP1230414A1 EP 1230414 A1 EP1230414 A1 EP 1230414A1 EP 00926739 A EP00926739 A EP 00926739A EP 00926739 A EP00926739 A EP 00926739A EP 1230414 A1 EP1230414 A1 EP 1230414A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- plasma
- plasma jet
- precursor material
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating surfaces, in which a precursor material is reacted with the aid of a plasma and the reaction product is deposited on the surface, both the reaction and the deposition taking place under atmospheric pressure.
- Another disadvantage is that the plasma only arises in the very narrow discharge zone between the working electrode and the workpiece or the counter electrode, so that the working electrode must be brought close to the workpiece, with the result that the distance between the working electrode and workpiece represents a critical process parameter and often also the Electrode configuration must be specially adapted to the particular geometry of the workpiece.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset which enables efficient and easily controllable coating with simple process control, and to provide a suitable device for carrying out this method.
- a plasma jet is generated by passing a working gas through an excitation zone, and the precursor material is fed into the plasma jet separately from the working gas.
- the coating process can be carried out simply by covering the surface of the substrate to be coated with the plasma jet. Since this does not require a counter electrode on the back of the substrate, the substrates can also be thicker and / or complex-shaped workpieces. Since the precursor material is fed separately from the working gas and fed into the plasma jet, which only arises in the excitation zone, the precursor material itself does not need to cross the entire excitation zone. This has the important advantage that the precursor material, which usually consists of monomeric compounds, is not already decomposed in the excitation zone or is chemically altered in some other way.
- the necessary excitation energies for the desired reaction of the monomers is provided primarily by free electrons, ions or radicals, which are still contained in large numbers in the cool plasma jet.
- one advantage of the method according to the invention is that the processes of plasma generation on the one hand and plasma excitation of the precursor material on the other hand take place in different zones which overlap one another only partially or not at all, so that mutual harmful influences can be avoided.
- the precursor material does not necessarily have to be fed in in the gaseous state, but can also be fed in, for example, in the liquid or solid, powdered state, so that it only evaporates or sublimates in the reaction zone. It is also possible to add solid particles such as color pigments or the like to the precursor material, which are then embedded in the polymer-like layer deposited on the substrate surface. In this way, the color, the roughness or the electrical conductivity of the coating can be adjusted as required.
- the Venturi effect can also be used to suck the precursor material into the plasma jet. If, on the other hand, the precursor material is actively supplied, the extent to which the precursor material is mixed in the plasma can be influenced in a targeted manner by selecting the angle at which the precursor material is fed in relative to the beam direction of the plasma jet.
- the desired reaction of the precursor material has to take place in reducing or inert atmospheres, it is possible to gas the outside of the plasma jet with a suitable protective gas, so that the reaction zone is separated from the ambient air by a protective gas jacket.
- this temperature can be set precisely, for example by heating the working gas and / or by heating the mouth of the plasma nozzle.
- a plasma nozzle can be used, as described in DE 195 32 412 C2, for other purposes.
- a plasma nozzle can be used, as described in DE 195 32 412 C2, for other purposes.
- a plasma nozzle can be used, as described in DE 195 32 412 C2, for other purposes.
- one or more such nozzles eccentrically on a rotary head (EP-A 986 993).
- a rotating nozzle in which the plasma jet is emitted at an angle to the axis of rotation (DE-U-299 11974).
- 1 shows an axial section through a plasma nozzle for carrying out the method according to the invention according to a first embodiment
- 2 shows a section through a plasma nozzle according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows a partial section through the nozzle head of the plasma nozzle according to FIG. 2 in a sectional plane perpendicular to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a section through the head of a plasma nozzle according to a third embodiment
- Fig. 5 shows a section through a plasma nozzle according to a fourth embodiment.
- the plasma nozzle shown in FIG. 1 has a tubular housing 10 which forms an elongated nozzle channel 12 which tapers conically at the lower end.
- An electrically insulating ceramic tube 14 is inserted in the nozzle channel 12.
- a working gas for example air, is fed into the nozzle channel 12 from the upper end in the drawing and swirled with the aid of a swirl device 16 inserted into the ceramic tube 14 in such a way that it flows in a vortex shape through the nozzle channel 12, as shown in the drawing by a screw shaped arrow is symbolized.
- a vortex core is thus formed in the nozzle channel 12, which runs along the axis of the housing.
- a pin-shaped electrode 18 is mounted on the swirl device 16, which projects coaxially into the nozzle channel 12 and to which a high-frequency alternating voltage is applied with the aid of a high-voltage generator 20.
- the voltage generated with the aid of the high-frequency generator 20 is of the order of a few kilovolts and has a frequency of the order of 20 kilohertz, for example.
- the metal housing 10 is grounded and serves as a counter electrode, so that an electrical discharge between the electrode 18 and the housing 10 can be caused.
- the voltage is switched on, due to the high frequency of the alternating voltage and the dielectric of the ceramic tube 14, there is first a corona discharge on the swirl device 16 and the electrode 18.
- This corona discharge ignites an arc discharge from the electrode 18 to the housing 10.
- the arc 22 of this discharge is swirled by the working entrained gas and channeled in the core of the vortex-shaped gas flow, so that the arc then runs almost rectilinearly from the tip of the electrode 18 along the housing axis and only branches radially onto the housing wall in the region of the mouth of the housing 10.
- the housing 10 forms at the tapered end of the nozzle channel 12 a radially inwardly projecting shoulder 24 which forms the actual counter electrode and receives the radially branching branches of the arc 22.
- the branches rotate in the swirl direction of the gas flow, so that non-uniform erosion on the shoulder 24 is avoided.
- a cylindrical ceramic mouthpiece 26 is inserted into the mouth of the housing 10, the axially inner end of which is flush with the shoulder 24 and is directly surrounded by this shoulder and the length of which is significantly greater than the inside diameter.
- the plasma generated by the arc 22 flows in a swirling manner through the mouthpiece 26 and is accelerated and radially expanded due to thermal expansion when flowing through the mouthpiece 26, so that a very strongly fan-shaped expanded plasma jet 28 is obtained, which is still a few centimeters above the open end 30 of the mouthpiece 26 extends and rotates in the swirl direction.
- This plasma nozzle is used for plasma coating or piasmap polymerization of a substrate 34.
- the precursor material is fed into the concentrated plasma jet inside the mouthpiece 26 with the aid of a lance 32.
- FIG. 1 While the plasma nozzle shown in FIG. 1 generates a rotationally symmetrical plasma jet 28, a flat, fan-shaped expanded plasma jet 28 'can be generated with the plasma nozzle shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- a mouthpiece 26 ′ is inserted into the mouth of the housing 10, which forms a Venturi nozzle 36 for the self-priming feed of the precursor material.
- the precursor material is first fed via a nozzle 38 into an annular chamber 40 on the outer circumference of the mouthpiece 26 'and from there reaches the venturi nozzle 36 radially through one or more bores.
- the feed location is thus at the downstream end of the excitation zone in which the plasma jet 28 'is generated and which is formed by the nozzle channel 12 penetrated by the arc 22.
- the Venturi nozzle 36 opens into a transverse channel 42, which opens at both ends into a further annular channel 44 formed on the circumference of the mouthpiece 26 'and the narrow groove 46, which runs in the direction of a diameter of the mouthpiece, to the end face of the mouthpiece is open.
- the plasma emerging from the venturi nozzle 36 and mixed with the precursor gas is distributed in the transverse channel 42 and then emerges in a wide range through the groove 46. In this way, a uniform coating on a strip-shaped surface of the substrate, not shown here, can be achieved.
- FIG. 4 shows the mouth region of a plasma nozzle, with which a rotationally symmetrical, relatively sharply focused plasma jet 28 "is again generated.
- the mouthpiece 26" forms a relatively small circular nozzle opening 48.
- the precursor material is again fed in via a lance 32, which, however, only opens into the plasma jet 28 ′′ downstream of the nozzle opening 48.
- This type of feed is advantageous, inter alia, in cases where the precursor material contains carbon or other substances which tend to form electrically conductive precipitates
- Precursor gas takes place in the mouth or even upstream of the mouth of the plasma nozzle, it can occur due to backflows within the nozzle channel 12 of the plasma nozzle to form a conductive layer on the surface of the ceramic tube 14 and thus to a short circuit between the electrode 1 8 and the housing 10. This danger is avoided with the arrangement shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 also illustrates a variant of the method in which the plasma jet 28 "is gassed with a protective gas 52 with the aid of a gassing nozzle 50 which concentrically surrounds the nozzle opening 48.
- the plasma jet 28 is gassed with a protective gas 52 with the aid of a gassing nozzle 50 which concentrically surrounds the nozzle opening 48.
- nitrogen as a protective gas and also as a working gas prevent oxidation of the reactants of the precursor material and / or of the reaction product.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method variant in which the precursor material is fed in coaxially through the interior of the housing 10 and the electrode 18 with the aid of an insulating tube 54.
- This arrangement has due to their perfect symmetry, the advantage that a uniform distribution of the precursor material in the plasma beam 28 "is achieved.
- the tube 54 can also be withdrawn to such an extent that the feed takes place within the downstream third of the nozzle channel 12.
- the precursor material will generally be exposed to somewhat higher temperatures due to the constriction of the plasma in the mouth area of the nozzle. Under certain circumstances, a - small - proportion of the precursor material can also be destroyed by direct contact with the arc 22. However, this can also have a positive effect, since high excitation energies are available for certain components of the precursor material.
- a comparable effect can be achieved with the plasma nozzle shown in FIG. 2 by increasing the throughput and / or the swirl of the working gas. This has the consequence that the branches of the arc 22, which branch onto the walls of the housing 10 or the mouthpiece 26 ', penetrate deeper into the Venturi nozzle 36 and, if necessary, are "blown" out of the nozzle opening in a loop, so that a more or less large part of the supplied precursor gas comes into contact with the arc.
- the circular nozzle openings according to FIG. 1, 4 or 5 can also be designed as Venturi nozzles analogous to the Venturi nozzle 36 in FIG. 2 and used for the suction of the precursor gas.
- the precursor material can also be fed downstream of the mouthpiece 26 'into the plasma jet 28' or into the nozzle channel 12.
- An external fumigation of the plasma Beam with the protective gas 52, as shown in Figure 4, can also be realized in the other embodiments.
- the precursor material is fed into the plasma jet together with the substrate, for example by the precursor material being z.
- B. is applied by means of aerosol or ultrasound, by vapor deposition, by spraying, rolling or knife coating or electrostatically on the surface of the substrate before this surface is treated with the plasma beam.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29919142U | 1999-10-30 | ||
DE29919142U DE29919142U1 (de) | 1999-10-30 | 1999-10-30 | Plasmadüse |
PCT/EP2000/002401 WO2001032949A1 (de) | 1999-10-30 | 2000-03-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1230414A1 true EP1230414A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
EP1230414B1 EP1230414B1 (de) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=8081000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00926739A Expired - Lifetime EP1230414B1 (de) | 1999-10-30 | 2000-03-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6800336B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1230414B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4082905B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE278817T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE29919142U1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2230098T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001032949A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
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DE202007018327U1 (de) | 2006-11-23 | 2008-08-07 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Plasmas |
WO2011113848A1 (de) | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Christian Buske | Vorrichtung zur plasmabehandlung von lebendem gewebe |
DE102017122059A1 (de) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Plasma Innovations GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Endoberfläche und Leiterplatte |
DE102017130353A1 (de) | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sol-Gel-basierte Haftvermittlungsschicht für PTFE-basierte Beschichtungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
DE102019102831A1 (de) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Plasmabehandlung einer Materialbahn sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Hohlextrudats mit plasmabehandelter Innenfläche |
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DE202007018327U1 (de) | 2006-11-23 | 2008-08-07 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Plasmas |
WO2011113848A1 (de) | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Christian Buske | Vorrichtung zur plasmabehandlung von lebendem gewebe |
DE102010011643A1 (de) | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Christian Buske | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Plasmabehandlung von lebendem Gewebe |
DE102010011643B4 (de) | 2010-03-16 | 2024-05-29 | Christian Buske | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Plasmabehandlung von lebendem Gewebe |
DE102017122059A1 (de) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Plasma Innovations GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Endoberfläche und Leiterplatte |
DE102017130353A1 (de) | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sol-Gel-basierte Haftvermittlungsschicht für PTFE-basierte Beschichtungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
DE102019102831A1 (de) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Plasmatreat Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Plasmabehandlung einer Materialbahn sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Hohlextrudats mit plasmabehandelter Innenfläche |
Also Published As
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ATE278817T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
US6800336B1 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
EP1230414B1 (de) | 2004-10-06 |
JP2003514114A (ja) | 2003-04-15 |
DE50008155D1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
WO2001032949A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
ES2230098T3 (es) | 2005-05-01 |
DE29919142U1 (de) | 2001-03-08 |
JP4082905B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
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