EP1221994A2 - Gassammeleinrichtung - Google Patents
GassammeleinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1221994A2 EP1221994A2 EP00967708A EP00967708A EP1221994A2 EP 1221994 A2 EP1221994 A2 EP 1221994A2 EP 00967708 A EP00967708 A EP 00967708A EP 00967708 A EP00967708 A EP 00967708A EP 1221994 A2 EP1221994 A2 EP 1221994A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- pressure
- pump
- stage
- collecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
- A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/03—Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for collecting gases, in particular moist gases such as the exhaust gases from an anesthetic device.
- WO 98/18718 describes an apparatus and a method for cleaning
- EP 0 806 215 A2 describes a device for recovering anesthetic agents such as N 2 0 from the expiratory breathing gas (expiratory gas) and returning it to the patient.
- the expiratory gas is directly from the patient through a small buffer container, e.g. B. an airbag, and passed through a compressor to a membrane system for the separation of anesthetic, which from there reaches a device for supplying the patient with anesthetic.
- WO 98/18718 describes a device for the purification and recovery of xenon or other noble gases which are used in anesthesia systems, the exhaled air of the patient being thermally treated and cleaned with the aid of a catalytic reactor.
- the use of an airbag for gas samples to collect exhaled air from the patient is mentioned.
- the invention has for its object to provide a simple system and method with which gases, in particular moist gases such as expiratory gases or exhaust gases from anesthesia devices, can be collected for reprocessing, in particular for reprocessing for reprocessing in the gas plant.
- gases in particular moist gases such as expiratory gases or exhaust gases from anesthesia devices
- the object was achieved by a device with the features described in claim 1.
- the device or device according to the invention is used to collect gases, in particular for the recovery of a gas or a gas component or for the disposal of a gas.
- a recovery or reprocessing of a gas is interesting, for example, for gas mixtures that contain a valuable gas component. That is e.g. B. the case with xenon-containing anesthetic exhaust.
- Gas to be recovered such as anesthetic exhaust gas, in particular xenon-containing gas, is also referred to below as valuable gas.
- the anesthetic exhaust gas is usually a moist gas.
- a device for collecting gas, in particular moist gas or valuable gas is also referred to below as a gas collecting device.
- the gas collection device is preferably used to compress the gas or exhaust gas (dry or moist), which is particularly advantageous for transport to a reprocessing facility or disposal facility.
- the gas is converted into a compressed form such as cold-liquefied, cold-solidified or preferably compressed gas.
- the gas is compressed in one, two or more stages. Different types of compression can be combined, for example compression and cold liquefaction of the gas.
- the stages in a gas collection device are implemented in one device or in different, separate devices.
- the gas collecting device essentially consists of at least an efficient connecting part or coupling part, preferably a coupling valve, and at least one gas reservoir.
- a preferred gas collection device contains a gas pump and at least one gas storage device, usually also a coupling part.
- the coupling part can be omitted, for example, in the case of a permanently installed gas collection device.
- the gas collection device contains one or more shut-off elements (gas valves).
- the coupling part of the gas collection device is part of a connection or coupling device in the gas path and provides a detachable, gas-tight connection to a gas source (e.g. exhaust pipe or exhaust pipe of an anesthesia device; exhaust pipe in a hospital) or to a gas consumer (e.g.
- the coupling part is used, for example, for a plug connection (e.g. bayonet lock) or screw connection.
- the coupling part advantageously contains an integrated shut-off element or is preferably arranged spatially closely adjacent to a shut-off element.
- the shut-off element is usually a gas valve, e.g. B. a manual valve, a solenoid valve, a self-closing valve or a check valve.
- a quick-closing valve with an integrated shut-off valve is particularly advantageous as a coupling part.
- B. is available from Swagelok.
- controllable shut-off elements such as controllable solenoid valves or pneumatic valves are advantageous.
- the gas collection devices are operated at negative pressure, pressure (atmospheric pressure), at low pressure and / or at high pressure.
- the gas collection device generally contains no means for drying the gas. Moist or water vapor-saturated valuable gas is therefore preferably collected in a moist manner, in particular suctioned off with moisture, compressed in a moist manner and stored in a moist manner.
- the gas collection device can consist of several units or stages which are used together in a system or as separate, independent parts at the same time or in a time sequence, the units or stages having different gas quantity collection capacities and / or degrees of gas compression.
- a gas collection device consists of a first unpressurized gas collection stage (eg stage with gas balloon), a second gas collection stage for compressing the gas to low pressure and a third gas collection stage for compressing the gas to high pressure pressure, the above-mentioned stages being partially or completely separated Devices are present (e.g. first stage individually in one device, second and third stages combined in one device).
- a gas collection device or a part e.g.
- a low pressure system usually holds a gas pump (low-pressure pump) and a gas storage (low-pressure storage), for example an evacuated container (for negative pressure), a gas balloon (unpressurized or for slightly positive pressure) or a pressure container (for low pressure) as a gas storage.
- a gas pump low-pressure pump
- a gas storage low-pressure storage
- an evacuated container for negative pressure
- a gas balloon unpressurized or for slightly positive pressure
- a pressure container for low pressure
- the low pressure system generally operates at a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 20 bar absolute, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 20 bar absolute.
- the filled gas reservoir of the low pressure system generally has a pressure in the range from 1 to 20 bar absolute, preferably 1.1 to 20 bar absolute.
- the high-pressure system compresses the collected gas to high pressure, which is generally a pressure in the range from 20 bar to 300 bar (absolute), preferably a pressure in the range from 50 bar to 300 bar (absolute).
- the high pressure system contains at least one gas pump (high pressure pump) and at least one gas reservoir (high pressure reservoir).
- the high pressure system is advantageously temporarily or permanently connected to a low pressure system.
- the low-pressure system and the high-pressure system are integrated in one device, where e.g. B. the low pressure system pre-compresses the gas in a gas storage serving as a buffer or buffer tank and in the high pressure system the pre-compressed gas with the help of a high pressure pump z. B. in a serving as a storage container and transport container, preferably replaceable gas storage is transferred to high pressure.
- Gas storage are chamber-like structure for collecting gas, preferably an Gasberi 'older or a gaseous envelope, especially an airbag or gas balloon.
- Gas tanks are evacuated or evacuable tanks, unpressurized tanks or pressure tanks (compressed gas tanks).
- a gas envelope e.g. B. a gas bag or gas balloon
- a gas envelope for holding gas.
- Thin-walled plastic containers are also gas casings.
- the gas-tight container is made from a shell educated.
- the envelope consists, for. B. from plastic film (including rubber-like materials and elastomers), which can be reinforced and / or coated by fibers or fabrics (z. B. metal coating, plastic or elastomer coating).
- gas bags or gas balloons are common in the laboratory and are commercially available, e.g. B. Gas bags made of PVF, PVC, polyester or PVC / polyester.
- the gas bags or gas balloons are usually pressureless with the gas, in particular anesthetic exhaust gas, almost pressureless or with overpressure (e.g. slight overpressure such as a pressure in the range from 1.1 to 2 bar absolute or overpressure in the range from 1.1) up to 10 bar absolute when using appropriately equipped gas casings).
- the gas envelopes such as gas bags or gas balloons are preferably filled without pressure or almost without pressure.
- the gas bags or gas balloons generally have a vanishingly small internal volume before use, since the walls of the envelope lie close together.
- Gas casings, in particular gas bags can be produced, for example, in any size by welding plastic foils.
- Gas balloons are e.g. B. available as balloons made of rubber, latex or other elastic material.
- Suitable gas bags or gas balloons are advantageous for collecting the gas.
- Suitable gas bags or gas balloons generally have a geometric filling volume in the range from 1 to 200 liters, advantageously in the range from 5 to 120 liters, preferably in the range from 10 to 50 liters, in particular in the range from 15 to 50 liters.
- the pressure container (low-pressure accumulator or high-pressure accumulator) is, for example, a compressed gas container (e.g. a compressed gas bottle) made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic (e.g. glass fiber reinforced plastic, GRP) or a so-called composite bottle made of metal and plastic (e.g. B. thin-walled metal container reinforced with plastic).
- a compressed gas container e.g. a compressed gas bottle
- plastic e.g. glass fiber reinforced plastic, GRP
- GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- composite bottle made of metal and plastic
- the pressure vessel of the low pressure system (e.g. a pressure gas bottle or pressure can) generally has a size in the range from 1 to 100 liters (geometric volume), preferably a size from 5 to 20 liters, in particular a size from 5 to 10 liters.
- the gas e.g. valuable gas
- the maximum filling pressure of the low-pressure gas storage is usually in the range from 1 to 20 bar (absolute), preferably 5 to 15 bar, particularly preferably 5 to 10 bar.
- the Druckgasbe ⁇ container is of a size of preferably 2 to 20 liters for today's minimum flow anesthesia designed.
- the filling capacity is advantageously sufficient for at least one anesthetic (e.g. anesthetic gas consumption 20 l / h, typical anesthetic duration 2 h, results in up to 40 I of valuable gas; filling volume 15 I filling pressure, 5 bar results in a filling quantity of 75 I).
- the pressure vessel of the high-pressure system (for example a compressed gas bottle) generally has a size in the range from 2 to 200 liters (geometric volume), preferably a size from 5 to 100 liters, in particular a size from 5 to 50 liters.
- the high pressure accumulator is e.g. B. designed for a filling pressure of 50, 100, 200 or 300 bar.
- the high-pressure accumulator When recovering gases containing xenon, the high-pressure accumulator generally differs in design and connections from the compressed gas cylinders for pure xenon, so that a mix-up can be avoided.
- the gas pump is used to convey gas, usually for sucking in and compressing the gas, in particular the valuable gas.
- a compressed air-operated or electrically operated low-pressure compressor is advantageously used as the gas pump for a low-pressure system.
- the low pressure compressor consists of a gas compressor, e.g. B. a membrane compressor.
- Conventional compressors are less suitable due to the high volume in the hospital area, especially in operating rooms, and therefore cannot be used without considerable additional effort for noise insulation.
- Preferred gas pumps for a low-pressure system are oil-free, usually dry-running piston compressors, in particular with a canned motor, operated with a magnetically coupled motor or with compressed air.
- Suitable piston compressors have e.g. B. at least 20 liters / minute delivery quantity at 1 bar (absolute), preferably at least 25 liters / minute delivery quantity at 1 bar (absolute), particularly preferably at least 30 liters / minute delivery quantity at 1 bar (absolute), in particular at least 35 liters / minute Delivery quantity at 1 bar (absolute).
- the gas pump preferably has a sound pressure level of at most 60 dB (A).
- the gas pump pe preferably works at a nominal pressure of at least 2 bar, particularly preferably of at least 3 bar, in particular of at least 5 bar.
- Piston compressors offer the additional advantage of being able to be installed in a wide variety of installation positions.
- it is particularly advantageous to mount the gas pump, in particular the piston compressor, in an upside-down installation position, since this effectively prevents water from accumulating in the gas pump.
- Small compressors of the "KK15" series from Dürr in 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, in particular the "A-038" type, are used as the gas pump for a low-pressure system. These small oil-free compressors are small in size, are resistant to continuous running up to 7 bar pressure and run unusually quietly and have sufficient suction power at the given compression capacity.
- the well-suited small compressor of the type "A-038" has the following characteristics: 44 liters / minute stroke volume, 38 liters / minute delivery quantity at 0 bar, 7 bar nominal pressure, 57 dB (A) sound pressure level, 270 watts motor power, 1, 3 A Current consumption at 7 bar, motor speed of 1300 revolutions per minute, nominal motor data at 50 Hz, dimensions 255 x 162 x 180 mm (L x W x H) and 6.4 kg weight.
- high-pressure pumps In a high-pressure stage, conventional gas compressors are suitable as high-pressure pumps with an upstream drying unit, which are described, for example, in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 3: Process Engineering II and Reaction Devices, Chapter: Printing Technology, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1973, p. 83 - 98, in particular pp. 87-95 "and to which reference is hereby made.
- the high-pressure pump is advantageously driven pneumatically, the compressed air coming from its own air compressor or from a large stationary system.
- electrical drives can also be used as an alternative to high-pressure pumps with a pneumatic drive.
- Gas pumps that work with as little gas loss as possible are particularly suitable.
- gas compressors are e.g. B. hermetically gastight piston pumps.
- a dry-running, fully external come gas-tight piston compressor used which is at least two-stage, preferably three-stage or multi-stage.
- the piston compressor is usually constructed as a crosshead-type compressor ("dry-running") or as a plunger-type compressor.
- a plunger type compressor is particularly advantageous because there is no oil in the entire system (oil-less compressors).
- the multi-stage design e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 stages
- a piston compressor in particular as a plunger-type compressor, is not a problem in contrast to a diaphragm compressor.
- the engine is in Usually connected to the hermetically sealed compressor housing by means of a magnetic coupling, whereby extremely high tightness, in particular less than 10 "3 mbar 1 / sec, is achieved. Sucking in at low pressures and compressing into the high pressure range is achieved in particular by using a new modified multi-stage (with two double cylinders) dry-running hermetically sealed piston pump reached. This pump works gas-free, since the leakage through the pistons is fed back to the system. This is only possible with completely sealed pumps. By supplying heat from the outside, especially by a water bath , can be prevented that water in the pump, especially in the compressor (especially in the Compressor chamber and in the crankcase), condensed.
- the water bath advantageously has a temperature in the range from 50 to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 95 ° C. and particularly preferably 80 to 95 ° C.
- This water bath can simultaneously be used for the heat dissipation of the compression heat.
- this device has the advantage that the noise level caused by the compressor can be significantly reduced. That is, this pump is also suitable for the compression of water vapor-saturated gases. This means that a predrying of the gas is no longer necessary.
- a simple water separator between the 2nd and 3rd stages is sufficient to remove the water.
- a dryer for the gas e.g. cartridge ' with molecular sieve or another drying agent
- Liquid pumps in particular liquid piston pumps
- a high-pressure pump gas pump in a high-pressure stage or high-pressure system
- liquid pumps such as Liquid pumps in high-pressure cleaners or liquid pumps for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), in particular pumps for preparative HPLC
- HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography
- These pumps which are designed to generate pressure in liquids, are constructed differently from gas compressors, since liquids are not compressible like gases. Dead volumes play a major role in liquid pumps, while the compression ratio is decisive in gas compressors.
- the HPLC pumps are usually piston pumps.
- Suitable HPLC pumps for the compression of gases are characterized in that the compression ratio in the pump is so high that an at least sufficient gas delivery is guaranteed. It can be assumed that a small compression does not lead to a satisfactory result, since losses (e.g. the heating of the gas) further deteriorate this theoretically calculated size (geometry).
- a minimum volume, depending on the pump geometry, is necessary because when pumping gases, the pressure that corresponds to the final pressure to which the gas is to be compressed must first be built up. The actual production of the gas only begins with a compression beyond. Experiments with smaller HPLC pump types have shown that real delivery cannot take place, or can only take place to a very limited extent. Preparative HPLC pumps are particularly suitable. B. have a liquid flow rate of 100ml per minute or more.
- a well-suited preparative HPLC pump is, for example, the "WellChrom Pneumatic Pump K-1900" pump from Knauer, Berlin.
- This pneumatically driven pump consists of the pump head, which is attached to the drive with 4 screws.
- An electric drive unit instead of the pneumatic drive is also available.
- a pneumatic drive is more advantageous for conveying gases than a pump drive with an electric motor.
- the pump head is available in the sizes 100 ml, 250 ml and 1000 ml (maximum flow rate for liquids per minute, according to the manufacturer).
- HPLC pump is a double piston pump, the pistons of which are usually operated in parallel.
- the pistons are advantageously connected in series for gas delivery. In principle can the gas is delivered when the pistons are operated in parallel or in series.
- HPLC pumps with back-piston flushing are particularly advantageous for gas production.
- the gas pumps are operated continuously or discontinuously.
- the gas pumps (low-pressure pump or high-pressure pump) are preferably controlled, in particular sensor-controlled (e.g. by means of pressure, temperature or gas sensors). Z serve as control parameters.
- An analytical configuration for monitoring xenon-containing anesthetic gas with a mass spectrometer is described in WO 97/20591 (internal designation MG 1970), to which reference is hereby made.
- the high-pressure pump With a controlled high-pressure pump, for example, when a certain gas pressure in the low-pressure accumulator (intermediate storage) is reached, the high-pressure pump is automatically switched on (e.g. when the low-pressure accumulator is full) and switched off again when the pressure in the low-pressure accumulator is at a minimum.
- the gas collection device is particularly suitable for connection to the exhaust outlet of a modern anesthesia device, for example to so-called minimal flow anesthesia devices and devices for quantitative anesthesia with a closed gas circuit (closed loop anesthesia devices).
- a particularly quiet gas pump e.g. oil-free small compressor
- the particularly quiet liquid piston pump for compressing the anesthetic exhaust gas, preferably at high pressure
- the gas collection device can thus be coupled directly to the exhaust outlet of the anesthesia device.
- the gas collection device can be set up separately from the anesthesia machine, coupled via a gas line.
- the vacuum line in the hospital (e.g. in a house vacuum system) is usually at least partially installed in or on the wall and has connections in the form of wall boxes. To the wall boxes, for. B. freely connected vacuum lines connected.
- the gas collection device is, for. B. between anesthesia machine and wall socket of the vacuum line, after the wall socket of the vacuum line somewhere in the hospital, for. B. arranged in the basement or after other branches.
- a preferred gas collection device for coupling to an anesthesia device is described below.
- Such a gas collection device consists of a device with a low pressure stage (low pressure system) and a high pressure stage (high pressure system).
- the low-pressure stage contains an oil-free, dry-running piston compressor as a low-pressure pump and a pressure vessel made of stainless steel as a buffer or buffer tank (low-pressure reservoir) with a geometric volume of 10 liters (filling up to 5 bar filling pressure).
- the high pressure stage is connected to the low pressure accumulator and contains a pre- para tive HPLC liquid pump as a high-pressure pump and as Hochlichspei ⁇ cher for alternately operating two replaceable Druckgasfiaschen made of stainless steel with a geometric volume of 5 liters (filling for example, 50 bar pressure) of.
- An oil-free small compressor of the "KK15" type "A-038" series from Dürr (Bietigheim-Bissingen / Germany) is used as the low-pressure pump. It has a small size, is durable up to 7 bar pressure and runs quietly.
- a preparative HPLC pump serves as the high-pressure pump, for example the "WellChrom Pneumatic Pump K-1900" pump from Knauer (Berlin / Germany).
- the gas collection device is designed to collect moist gases.
- the low-pressure pump is geometrically arranged above the low-pressure accumulator and the liquid pump.
- the low-pressure pump is particularly advantageously arranged with the base upward (upside down), so that moisture, in particular water formed, is inevitably removed with the gas.
- This special arrangement prevents water from collecting in the gas pump.
- the gas collection device preferably contains no device for draining water.
- the gas collection device is preferably constructed in such a way that water and moisture are filled with the valuable gas into the high-pressure accumulator of the high-pressure system.
- a water drain device can be installed in the gas collection device, e.g. B. at the low pressure pump or at the outlet of the low pressure pump. Due to the special, vertical arrangement of the parts in the gas collection device, water can run off permanently, whereby the functioning of the low-pressure pump is not impaired by water accumulation.
- the gas inlet of the gas collection device is connected to the exhaust outlet of an anesthesia machine such as the "Physioflex" from Dräger (Lübeck), a so-called closed loop anesthesia machine (eg via a hose connection or a permanently installed gas line).
- the gas collection device can also be integrated into the anesthesia machine.
- the low pressure system is arranged on the gas inlet side.
- At the gas inlet there is a preferably controllable gas valve (e.g. solenoid valve).
- the gas valve is advantageously a three-way valve that works with the Gas line to the gas pump (low pressure pump) and the exhaust gas outlet on the anesthesia machine and an exhaust air or exhaust gas line (disposal line) is connected.
- the normally closed solenoid valve is then usually arranged in the gas line, which connects the gas collecting device and the exhaust gas outlet of the anesthesia device.
- the gas line advantageously branches in front of the normally closed solenoid valve. The branch leads to an exhaust gas disposal line and contains the normally open solenoid valve.
- the low-pressure pump is advantageously coupled to the control of the gas valves, that is to say when the gas valve is opened at the inlet of the low-pressure system, the low-pressure pump is switched on, and closing the gas valve leads to a generally delayed shutdown of the low-pressure pump.
- a control with a gas sensor e.g. at the exhaust outlet of the anesthesia machine
- exhaust gas with a low value gas or xenon content e.g. xenon-free air
- As a threshold or minimum value for xenon-containing exhaust gas z.
- B. a xenon concentration in the range of 0.1-10% by volume, preferably 5% by volume in the exhaust gas, at which the collection of the exhaust gas begins when it is exceeded or ends when it is undershot.
- the gas collection devices according to the invention serve in various aspects
- the gas collection device can be used, in particular, to implement a process for recovering a valuable gas from a gas mixture, in which moist gas mixtures are usually collected on site in storage containers (gas stores) without prior drying, which are then recycled to the gas plant for refilling.
- This method is suitable for.
- B. for the collection of moist xenon-containing gases, such as those generated during anesthesia.
- Other moist gases, such as those generated during electrolysis, are advantageously used with the gas melewed or the process collected. Even small amounts of tro ⁇ ckenen or moist gases, the Gassammei styles offers advantages.
- the gas collection devices described are suitable for processes for the intermediate storage of hydrogen or oxygen from water electrolysis.
- the gas collection devices are e.g. B. used in solar power systems with coupled water electrolysis, especially in small and medium-sized systems.
- Other examples are gas collection devices for processes for the intermediate storage of gases which are to be disposed of (e.g. aggressive or harmful exhaust gases).
- Fig. 1 shows the diagram of a gas collection device with low pressure system
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a gas collection device with integrated hospital vacuum line.
- Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the construction of a double-stage piston one to
- Fig. 4 shows a diagram of a gas collecting device with a temperature-controlled gas pump with two cylinders, each with two stages.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a gas collecting device with a temperature-controllable one
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a gas collecting device with a temperature-controllable one
- Gas pump with two single-stage cylinders. 7 shows a schematic example of a gas collection device with a gas envelope as a gas store on an anesthesia machine.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic example of a gas collection device with two interchangeable units with a gas envelope.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic example of a gas collection device with a gas envelope with a sensor, control unit and self-closing coupling elements.
- the example of a gas collection device shown in FIG. 1 (usually in a hospital) is used to collect xenon-containing exhaust gas from an anesthesia device for the recovery of xenon in the gas plant.
- the gas shown Collecting device consists of a low-pressure system and a high-pressure system (dash-dot line between them).
- the gas collection device contains the parts anesthesia exhaust valve 1, flow sensor 2, pressure sensors 3, 10, 14, 16, 19, 22 and 26, gas sensor 4 (analyzer), pressure relief valve 5, exhaust air or stationary suction 6, three-way valve 7, drying unit 8, C0 2 -Absorber 9, drive units 11 and 21 (e.g.
- the low pressure system is preferably decoupled from the high pressure system during the exhaust gas collection operation and is docked to the high pressure system (high pressure unit, high pressure part) for emptying the low pressure accumulator 17 (e.g. the low pressure unit is located on a mobile unit and is brought to the high pressure unit and there it is shaped and non-positive and possibly electrically connected).
- the high pressure unit receives the signal to start via the pressure indicator 19 (Pl 5).
- the high-pressure unit is then put into operation and conveys the gas from the low-pressure accumulator 17 into the high-pressure accumulator 29 or 30. Since xenon is a gas with the critical temperature at 16.59 ° C., it must be ensured that the storage container 29, 30 does not a temperature below the critical temperature.
- the system automatically switches to a second high-pressure accumulator (e.g. from 29 to 30) and shows visually that the high-pressure accumulator is full and must be replaced.
- the filled high pressure accumulator e.g. 29
- the removed, filled high-pressure accumulator is transported to the gas works for the treatment of the collected gas and for the recovery of the xenon gas contained.
- Changing the high-pressure accumulators 29, 30 is advantageously facilitated by an automatic quick-connect coupling 23, 27, and this also increases safety.
- the quick connector 23, 27 opens when connected and closes automatically when the storage container 29, 30 is removed.
- Sieabgase for use for collecting moist gases, in particular moist AnITAhe ⁇ that Gassammei dressed shown in Fig. 1 will be modified advantageously, besides the drying unit 8 and the C0 2 absorber omitted 9-pressure pump as a low 12 is preferably a Kolbenkompresser as an oil-free Small compressor of the series "KK15", type "A-038", from Dürr (Bietigheim-Bissingen / Germany) as high pressure pump 21, a liquid piston pump, e.g. B. a pump for preparative HPLC such as the pump "WellChrom Pneumatic Pump K-1900" from Knauer (Berlin / Germany).
- the gas feeders 17, 29 and 30 are preferably made of stainless steel.
- High pressure systems are used as separate units or as combined units in one device.
- the diagram in FIG. 2 shows an example of a technical arrangement of the gas collecting device 39, which the vacuum line usually existing in the hospital (e.g. free-laid vacuum line 32, gas line 37 and, for example, a section of the tightly-sealed hospital vacuum line 38) uses. Dashed lines represent control lines (lines to the controller).
- the controller 40 is shown as an independent unit. The control or parts of the control can also be arranged in the anesthesia device 31 or in the gas collection device 39.
- Three solenoid valves 33 are installed in series in the respective connecting line. These valves are preferably open when de-energized so as not to impede the gas extraction at any time, even in the event of a fault.
- a branching of the gas line 37 in the direction of the gas collecting device 39 is installed between the first and second valve 33, 34 and is partitioned off by a fourth solenoid valve 36, which is preferably closed when de-energized in order to protect the gas compression 39 from the negative pressure line in an emergency.
- the pressure measuring device 41 has the task of monitoring the pressure upstream of the gas collecting device 39 in order to be a parameter for controlling the recovery unit.
- a direct signal for collecting can also be processed.
- Pressure measuring devices 42 and 43 are a safety device in order to prevent a malfunction of the system from indicating to the control system when the setpoint values are exceeded, and the latter reacting with the corresponding safety circuits.
- This safety circuit means that an optical or additional short acoustic signal is given and the valves are operated without current.
- the hospital vacuum line 38 thus takes over the removal of the gas.
- the gas collection device 39 is connected to the hospital vacuum line 38, where under certain circumstances after separation of impurities in the gas to be collected, the respective impurities are transported away via the vacuum line 38.
- the cylinder 51 shown in FIG. 3 is part of a gas pump.
- the cylinder 51 has two stages for gas compression.
- the cross section of the cylinder in the area of the first stage is larger than the cross section of the cylinder in the area of the second stage.
- the cylinder 51 contains a gas inlet opening 52 and a gas outlet opening 53 in the region of the first stage.
- the cylinder contains a gas inlet opening 54 and a gas outlet opening 55 in the region of the second stage.
- the gas outlet opening 53 of the first stage and the gas inlet opening 54 of the second stage are connected to a gas line 60 (pressure line) connected.
- Check valves 57, 58 and 59 are arranged outside the cylinder.
- the piston 56 has a head part with a larger cross section and a lower part with a smaller cross section, corresponding to the regions for the first and second stage in the cylinder.
- a pump with two cylinders, each with two stages is used.
- the first cylinder contains the first stage 61 and the second stage 62
- the second cylinder contains the third stage 63 and the fourth stage 64.
- the stages 61, 62, 63 and 64 are chosen so that the maximum adiabatic compression temperatures 250 ° C. must not be exceeded (e.g.
- stage 61 1st level, cylinder diameter 4 cm
- level 62 2nd level, 3.4 cm (ring piston) (for a "normal” piston this would be 2.1 cm for the 2nd Stage)
- stage 64, 4th stage, 1, 04 cm (ring piston) for a "normal” piston this would be 0.6 cm for the 4th stage) for one stroke 3.2 cm).
- the specified diameters for the stages 62 and 64 correspond to those of an annular piston, ie the actual diameter for "normal” pistons would be much smaller.
- the gas is compressed at a pressure of 0.5-0.7 bar abs. via the compression in the 1st stage (stage 61) up to a pressure of approx. 1.8-2.8 bar.
- the pressure is compressed to approx. 6.5 - 8.0 bar.
- the 3rd stage (stage 63) to 28-35 bar and in the 4th stage (stage 64) up to 120 bar.
- a buffer tank 65 is arranged in the inlet of the compressor (before stage 61).
- the buffer tank is usually a tank, but can also be a line piece with an enlarged inner cross section.
- This buffer tank 65 is designed so that its volume corresponds to at least 120 times the line and dead space volume of the compressor after the second stage. This is necessary because when the compression process is stopped, the compression pressure must be released so that the compressor can start again.
- the buffer takes up the complete amount of gas.
- the gas collection device contains a check valve 69 at the gas inlet. Between the buffer tank 65 and after the exit from stage 64, a bypass gas line with a shutoff valve 70 is advantageously arranged. Gas is compressed by the pump and the gas is pumped via the check valve 71 and three-way valve 72 into the compressed gas container (high pressure accumulator) 67 or 68.
- the pressure gas containers 67 and 68 are advantageously equipped with pressure measuring devices 73 and 74.
- a pump with three cylinders is used.
- the pressure can be increased to 500 bar by means of a third cylinder with a double stage (stages 75 and 76).
- stages 75 and 76 As the stages for the pressure increase the 5th (level 75) and 6th level (level 76) would now become very small in proportion to their compression.
- This can be elegantly avoided with the double piston, in that the 5th stage (stage 75) is the same size or between the diameter of the 3rd and 4th stage (stage 63 and 64) and the 6 stage (stage 76) is larger in diameter than that 4th stage (stage 64) is between 4 and 6th stage, depending on the compression ratio.
- the 5th stage is actually a buffer.
- a pressure-maintaining valve 77 is arranged between the 5th and 6th stages. It is thereby achieved that the pressure is first released from the 4th stage into the 5th stage and is only released by the pressure holding valve 77 into the 6th stage (stage 76) when the pressure in the 5th stage (stage 75 ) corresponds to the 4th level (level 64). Due to the construction of the double piston (see Fig. 3), the compression space can be made very small.
- the gas pump itself is built as a unit with a canned motor or with a magnetic coupling. This makes the system hermetically sealed to the outside. Leakage losses only occur in the crankcase via the piston surfaces. By connecting the crankcase to the 1st stage, the leakage losses are fed back into the system.
- the high value of xenon means that xenon is to be recovered as fully as possible from the exhaust gas from anesthesia.
- the locally installed suction systems usually have a suction pressure of 0.2 bar abs. That means that the pressure in the ventilation circuit drops when the suction valve is open, for example to 2 mbar above atmospheric pressure, and if the differential pressure valve is set to 2 mbar, air flows into the suction with one and the ventilation circuit is no longer suctioned off.
- these systems can be realized by combining pumps. However, this has the disadvantage that different pumps with one Large number of individual parts and controls must be used.
- the compressor pistons become very small due to the low suction power. The result of this is that either the suction is no longer sufficient at the required pressures or the use of larger pistons no longer pumps into the high pressure range.
- a single-stage double cylinder is used as an alternative to the two-stage double cylinder.
- the advantage of this variant is that it is possible to use gaskets that are common today and available on the market and that only new cylinders and cylinder housings have to be specially manufactured.
- the compression takes place here first in an intermediate container 87 with a volume of preferably 10 l.
- This container is brought to a pressure of 5 to 10 bar, preferably 7 bar.
- the input three-way valve 78 is automatically switched over and the intermediate container 87 is converted into another intermediate container 88 except for one within 1 to 30 seconds, preferably 8 seconds Residual pressure from 1 to 6 bar, preferably up to 2 bar, emptied.
- the valve for feeding from the first intermediate container is closed and the valve for feeding from the second intermediate container is opened and compressed into the collecting container 67 or 68.
- the collection container is available at least twice and is automatically switched over when the filling pressure is reached (e.g. from 67 to 68). Temperature monitoring ensures that only the critical temperature of xenon is filled in order to prevent the tank from overfilling due to the liquefaction of xenon below the critical temperature and above the critical pressure.
- the gas collection unit 91 shown in FIG. 7 consists of a gas storage unit 92 and a gas delivery unit 93, which are connected to the coupling parts 97a and 97b via the coupling element 97.
- the gas storage unit 92 comprises the parts of the gas envelope 95 (e.g. gas bag or gas balloon), a shut-off element 96 (e.g. controllable solenoid valve) and an optional coupling part 97a.
- the shut-off element 96 is advantageously integrated in the coupling part 97a, for. B. with a self-closing valve with coupling function.
- the gas collection unit 91 or the gas delivery unit 93 are connected, for example, to an anesthesia device 31 via the coupling element 100 (for example at the exhaust gas outlet).
- the gas storage unit 92 advantageously contains a check valve (not shown).
- the gas collection unit 91 shown in FIG. 8 is connected to two interchangeable gas storage units.
- the gas collection can be switched to another gas storage unit.
- a three-way valve 103 in particular a controllable three-way valve, is advantageously arranged in front of the gas pump 98 (low-pressure pump), by means of which the exhaust gas from the anesthesia device 31 is optionally directed to the gas storage unit or an exhaust gas extraction line 104 in the hospital.
- the gas pump 98 low-pressure pump
- the gas collection unit shown in FIG. 9 contains coupling parts 97a and 100a, in which shut-off elements are integrated.
- Such coupling parts are, for example, self-closing valves with coupling function, e.g. B. a quick-closing valve with integrated shut-off valve, available from the company.
- Swagelok A sensor 101 is arranged in the gas storage unit with gas envelope 95 and coupling part 97a. The sensor is advantageously used to monitor the filling state of the gas envelope 95 and in particular to trigger a signal when the gas envelope 95 is full or to trigger an alarm when the gas envelope 95 is threatened with overfilling.
- the individual functions such as pump operation and, if applicable, valve functions are advantageously controlled by the control unit 102.
- the control unit 102 is connected here to the sensor 101 (eg pressure sensor and / or flow sensor) via control lines (dashed lines).
- the sensor 101 can alternatively or additionally in the gas delivery unit 93, for. B. at the outlet of the gas pump 98. Two or more sensors are advantageously used.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19947453 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE19947450A DE19947450A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sammeln von Anästhesieabgas |
DE19947444 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE19947449A DE19947449A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Vorrichtung zum Sammeln von Anästhesieabgas |
DE1999147443 DE19947443A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Kompressor für feuchte Gase |
DE19947447 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE1999147447 DE19947447A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Gassammeleinrichtung für feuchte Gase |
DE19947449 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE1999147444 DE19947444A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Temperierte Gaspumpe |
DE19947443 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE19947453A DE19947453A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 1999-10-02 | Gaskompressor mit zweistufigem Kolben |
DE19947450 | 1999-10-02 | ||
DE1999159559 DE19959559A1 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Gassammeleinrichtung mit vertikalem Aufbau |
DE19959559 | 1999-12-10 | ||
DE19960704 | 1999-12-16 | ||
DE1999160704 DE19960704A1 (de) | 1999-12-16 | 1999-12-16 | Gassammeleinrichtung mit Gashülle |
DE10044080 | 2000-09-07 | ||
DE10044080A DE10044080A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 2000-09-07 | Gassammeleinrichtung |
PCT/EP2000/009162 WO2001024858A2 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 2000-09-19 | Gassammeleinrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1221994A2 true EP1221994A2 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
Family
ID=27575991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00967708A Ceased EP1221994A2 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 2000-09-19 | Gassammeleinrichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1221994A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU7778200A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10044080A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001024858A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2415681C2 (ru) | 2005-05-13 | 2011-04-10 | Энестетик Гэз Рекламейшн, Ллк | Аппарат и способ для переработки анестезирующего газа |
US7628034B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2009-12-08 | Anesthetic Gas Reclamation, Llc | Method of low flow anesthetic gas scavenging and dynamic collection apparatus therefor |
US7669438B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-03-02 | Anesthetic Gas Reclamation, Llc | Method and apparatus for anesthetic gas reclamation with compression stage |
DE102006012174A1 (de) | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-20 | Pari GmbH Spezialisten für effektive Inhalation | Inhalationstherapiegerätekompressor |
DE102006034601B3 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-02-07 | Schmidt, Klaus, Prof. Dr. | Rückhaltung von Edelgasen im Atemgas bei beatmeten Patienten mit Hilfe von Membranseparation |
DE102011012125B4 (de) | 2011-02-23 | 2016-05-19 | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | Narkosegasfortleitungsvorrichtung für ein Anästhesiegerät |
WO2014094139A1 (en) | 2012-12-22 | 2014-06-26 | Dmf Medical Incorporated | An anesthetic circuit having a hollow fiber membrane |
US10413642B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2019-09-17 | James Michael Berry | System for dynamic control of medical vacuum |
EP3723831B1 (de) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-07-17 | Maquet Critical Care AB | Modulare atemgasseparatoreinheit |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3712598A1 (de) * | 1987-04-14 | 1988-10-27 | Siemens Ag | Inhalations-anaesthesiegeraet |
SE9000445D0 (sv) * | 1990-02-07 | 1990-02-07 | Allan Lindkvist | Anordning vid system foer evakuering av anastesigas eller analgesigas |
DE4411533C1 (de) * | 1994-04-02 | 1995-04-06 | Draegerwerk Ag | Anästhesiegerät |
DE19545598A1 (de) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-26 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Analytische Konfiguration zur Überwachung von Xenon-haltigem Narkosegas |
GB9607968D0 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1996-06-19 | Boc Group Plc | Apparatus for recovering an anaesthetic agent |
DE19635002A1 (de) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur Online-Rückgewinnung von Xenon aus Narkosegas |
IT1286058B1 (it) | 1996-10-29 | 1998-07-07 | Siad Societa Italiana Acetilen | Procedimento e apparecchiatura per la purificazione e recupero dello xeno e altri gas nobili in sistemi anestetici |
-
2000
- 2000-09-07 DE DE10044080A patent/DE10044080A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-19 AU AU77782/00A patent/AU7778200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-19 EP EP00967708A patent/EP1221994A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-19 WO PCT/EP2000/009162 patent/WO2001024858A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0124858A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10044080A1 (de) | 2002-04-04 |
WO2001024858A3 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
WO2001024858A2 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
AU7778200A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
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