EP1191630A1 - Divergierende kuppelförmige geodätische Linse für HF und Antenne bestehend aus solcher Linse - Google Patents

Divergierende kuppelförmige geodätische Linse für HF und Antenne bestehend aus solcher Linse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1191630A1
EP1191630A1 EP01402282A EP01402282A EP1191630A1 EP 1191630 A1 EP1191630 A1 EP 1191630A1 EP 01402282 A EP01402282 A EP 01402282A EP 01402282 A EP01402282 A EP 01402282A EP 1191630 A1 EP1191630 A1 EP 1191630A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lens
waveguides
axis
antenna
divergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01402282A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Martin
Gérard Caille
Agnès Lecompte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1191630A1 publication Critical patent/EP1191630A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/06—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising plurality of wave-guiding channels of different length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a divergent dome lens for waves of the microwave or microwave domain. It also relates to an antenna of telecommunications comprising such a lens, this antenna being mounted on board of a satellite to communicate with terrestrial areas over a wide field of view.
  • the earth In a telecommunication system by orbiting traveling satellites low or medium, the earth is divided into zones or cells, each of which has a diameter of several hundred kilometers and communications between terminals in a zone are carried out via a base station in this zone.
  • the first terminal transmits a signal to the base station, which signal passing through means of communication on board a passing satellite and then the base station transmits, still through from a satellite, communication to the second terminal.
  • the base station For communication between two terminals being in two different zones, one establishes a communication between the two base stations of the two zones, for example by via a terrestrial network.
  • a transmitting or receiving antenna is assigned to a plurality of zones. This antenna must therefore cover a very wide field of view. For example, for a satellite at an altitude of 1,400 km, the field of view is constituted by an angle at the top of 108 ° for a system of telecommunications whose coverage reaches an elevation of 10 °.
  • the antenna must be of the beam scanning type, i.e. the beam of the antenna must constantly move angularly.
  • the difficulty of realization of such an antenna is increased by the fact that its gain must increase in depending on the pointing angle. Indeed, when this angle increases, the distance to the area increases, resulting in attenuation due to distance and crossing of the atmosphere.
  • an antenna comprising, on the one hand, a beam generator with electronic scanning and, on the other hand, a divergent dielectric dome lens to increase the field of the beam generator and correct the gain as a function of the angle of score.
  • This separation between the beam generation function and the field of view increase function with gain correction depending on the pointing angle makes it possible to produce an antenna having an opening angle between 60 and 120 °.
  • the beam generator is made of general using electronic scanning with a limited number of elements Radiant.
  • the dielectric dome divergent lens is made of a material of constant permittivity on which quarter-wave adaptation layers are molded.
  • a dielectric dome lens is, in practice, incompatible with space applications because dielectric materials undergo launching and in space very high mechanical and thermal stresses.
  • such a lens has a high mass, which is also difficult compatible with space applications.
  • the invention overcomes this drawback.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a scanning array electronics combined with a divergent dome lens to increase the field of view of the scanning array and it is characterized in that the dome lens comprises a plurality of metal waveguides of variable lengths, the length being the greatest along the axis of the lens and decreasing towards the periphery.
  • Each waveguide constitutes a sensor / transmitter as well as a phase shifter, which allows to realize the divergent lens function.
  • the antenna according to the invention is indeed suitable for space applications.
  • the waveguides can have any cross section such as a circular section, relatively easy to manufacture, a rectangular section or a hexagonal section which confers minimal losses.
  • the dome lens connects directly to a plane network of waveguides constituting the electronically scanned network.
  • the number of grating and lens waveguides is the same and the waveguides of the plane grating and of the dome lens form, for example, a piece in one piece.
  • the invention also relates to a divergent dome lens for waves.
  • microwave which is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of guides wavelengths of variable length, the waveguides having a maximum length along the axis of the dome, the length decreases when the distance to the axis increases.
  • the invention therefore relates to a divergent dome lens for waves.
  • microwave which comprises a plurality of wavelength guides variables, this length being the largest along the axis of the lens and being weaker for waveguides distant from the axis.
  • the axes of the waveguides are all parallel between them and parallel to the axis of the lens.
  • the axes of each of the waveguides converge at a point of the lens axis.
  • the lens has, for example, a form of revolution around an axis
  • all the metal waveguides have the same section, the latter being, for example, circular, rectangular or hexagonal.
  • the invention also relates to a transmitting or receiving antenna for scrolling satellite communication system (s), this antenna being intended forming fixed beams on the ground, all of these beams extending over a total viewing angle between 60 and 120 °, the antenna comprising, on the one hand, a array of electronically scanned radiating elements to form beams corresponding to the various terrestrial areas and, on the other hand, a divergent lens dome to widen the opening of the beams created by the network of elements radiant and give a gain which is minimum along the axis of the antenna and maximum at the periphery of the latter, the diverging lens comprising a plurality of metal waveguides of variable lengths, this length being the largest along the axis of the lens and being weakest for the waveguides away from the axis.
  • the array of radiating elements includes waveguides equal in number to that of the divergent dome lens.
  • the radiating elements of the network of elements each have a waveguide forming a single piece with a waveguide of the divergent dome lens.
  • the waveguides of the network of elements radiant are extended, opposite the waveguides of the divergent lens, by one or more sections for filtering means.
  • the antenna which will be described in relation to the figures is intended to be installed on board a telecommunications satellite which is part of a constellation of satellites traveling in orbit at an altitude of approximately 1,400 km.
  • This antenna is intended to communicate with terrestrial zones 10 1 , 10 2 , 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 (FIG. 1) each having a diameter of approximately 700 km, these zones being fixed to the ground.
  • each transmit and receive beam permanently corresponds to the fixed area on the ground despite the displacement of the satellite.
  • the array 12 allows electronic scanning and also makes it possible to create a plurality of beams to communicate with the zones 10 1 ... 10 5 , while the dome lens 14 makes it possible to widen the field of view up to an angle d '' approximately 120 ° so that the beam can cover all of the zones 10 1 to 10 5 .
  • the beam obtained along the axis 16 of the dome lens is relatively narrow while it has a larger opening section when moving away from the axis ,.
  • the antenna is more directive when one moves away from the axis, which makes it possible to correctly cover the zones distant from the axis such as the zone 10 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the diverging lens allows a higher gain when one moves away from the axis 16.
  • each beam forming network 20 i performs a permanent electronic scan so that the beam constantly reaches the zone to which it is assigned.
  • Each of these beam forming networks provides the radiating elements 22 1 , 22 2 , ..., 22 n with a signal having an amplitude and a phase calculated so that the overall beam corresponds to the desired result.
  • each network 20 i has as many outputs as radiating elements.
  • the outputs intended for the same radiating element 22 i of these networks 20 i are connected to a respective input of an adder, or combiner, 24 1 , 24 2 , ..., 24 n and the output of each adder is transmitted to the 'corresponding radiating element via an amplifier 26 i and a filter 28 i .
  • the network 12 comprises a thick metal plate 30 in which the radiating elements comprise simple through circular holes 32 1 , 32 2 , etc. This radiating network is particularly simple to manufacture.
  • a thick metal plate is also provided, but the radiating elements include holes of rectangular section 34 1 , 34 2 , etc.
  • the plate openings thick are hexagonal, allowing better radiation efficiency radiant elements.
  • the presence of the dome lens allows, at given performances, to considerably reduce the total number of radiating elements in the active network. This reduction is at least a factor of 10. It also allows a reduction overall dimensions of the antenna.
  • the number of radiating elements of the network is advantageously reduced to a hundred, for example a hexagonal network with 127 radiant elements.
  • the diverging lens 14 is constituted by a plurality of waveguides formed of metallic elements having variable lengths, this length being the longest along the axis of revolution 16 of the dome formed by the lens and the weakest at the periphery 40 (FIGS. 5 and 6). It is the different lengths of the various waveguides which allow realize the phase shifts necessary for the dome lens to constitute a divergent lens.
  • the axes of all waveguides are parallel to each other and parallel to the axis of revolution 16 while in the embodiment of the invention which is shown in Figure 6, the axes of the various waveguides converge at a point located on axis 16 and in the plane of network 12.
  • the lens divergent dome 14 has a plurality of length waveguides different. This lens forms a single piece with the elements radiant 22 and the filtering means 28.
  • each waveguide 44 i has three sections 46 i , 48 i , and 50 i .
  • the first section 46 i constitutes the part of the waveguide assigned to the divergent lens 14, the second section 48 i constitutes the radiating network 12, and the third section 50 i corresponds to a filtering means for a reception antenna (or resignation).
  • Such an antenna formed of metal waveguides is of a particularly simple implementation. In particular, it suffices to provide holes in a metallic structure.
  • the axes 54 i of the various waveguides converge at a point 56 on the axis 16 of the dome lens and lying in a plane of the network 12 of radiating elements.
  • the typical number of holes forming a guide lens is a few hundreds.
  • the outer surface of the lens 14 has the shape of an ellipsoid of revolution around the axis 16.
  • the various waveguides 44 i ( Figure 5) or 56 i ( Figure 6) are arranged around the axis 16 so that in section through a plane perpendicular to this axis, the axes of the various waveguides are distributed regularly over a series of concentric circles centered on axis 16.
  • the waveguide lens according to the invention can be used for other applications than the one described above.
  • the diverging lens at plurality of waveguides is not necessarily used in combination with a electronic scanning network.
  • it is useful whenever it is necessary to obtain a wide field of view with increased gain when we move away from the axis.
  • It can, for example, be used for payload telemetry in order to control the satellite.
  • the lens has smaller dimensions than the lens dimensions known for the same application.
  • This lens is, by example, associated with a simple radiant horn. It helps focus energy in directions away from the antenna axis, for example up to at least 63 °. The gain levels at 63 ° are higher than the antennas allow conventionally used for this type of application (trap horn or reflector form).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP01402282A 2000-09-25 2001-09-03 Divergierende kuppelförmige geodätische Linse für HF und Antenne bestehend aus solcher Linse Withdrawn EP1191630A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0012162 2000-09-25
FR0012162A FR2814614B1 (fr) 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Lentille divergente a dome pour ondes hyperfrequences et antenne comportant une telle lentille

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1191630A1 true EP1191630A1 (de) 2002-03-27

Family

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EP01402282A Withdrawn EP1191630A1 (de) 2000-09-25 2001-09-03 Divergierende kuppelförmige geodätische Linse für HF und Antenne bestehend aus solcher Linse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6476761B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1191630A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002151943A (de)
CA (1) CA2356725A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2814614B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20080674A1 (it) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-19 Space Engineering Spa Antenna a lente discreta attiva aperiodica per coperture satellitari multifascio

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4090838B2 (ja) * 2002-10-23 2008-05-28 三菱電機株式会社 非静止衛星搭載用アンテナ装置
JP5034369B2 (ja) * 2006-08-18 2012-09-26 富士通株式会社 無線通信制御方法
GB0720199D0 (en) * 2007-10-16 2007-11-28 Global View Systems Ltd Wave guide array
US8130171B2 (en) * 2008-03-12 2012-03-06 The Boeing Company Lens for scanning angle enhancement of phased array antennas
AU2011214118B2 (en) 2010-02-15 2014-12-11 Bae Systems Plc Antenna system
WO2019067474A1 (en) * 2017-09-26 2019-04-04 Trak Microwave Corporation LOW PROFILE BEAM DIRECT ANTENNA WITH INTEGRATED DIVERGENT LENS
US10714836B1 (en) * 2018-02-15 2020-07-14 University Of South Florida Hybrid MIMO architecture using lens arrays
US11121462B2 (en) * 2018-02-21 2021-09-14 Antenna Research Associates Passive electronically scanned array (PESA)
KR20190118832A (ko) * 2018-04-11 2019-10-21 삼성전자주식회사 안테나 및 단위 셀 구조
CN114762187A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2022-07-15 英特尔公司 用于无线通信和雷达的嵌入式天线结构

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1403769A (en) * 1971-12-20 1975-08-28 Sperry Rand Corp Phased array fed lens antenna
US4321604A (en) * 1977-10-17 1982-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Broadband group delay waveguide lens
US6018316A (en) * 1997-01-24 2000-01-25 Ail Systems, Inc. Multiple beam antenna system and method

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4156878A (en) * 1978-01-25 1979-05-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Wideband waveguide lens
US5818395A (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-10-06 Trw Inc. Ultralight collapsible and deployable waveguide lens antenna system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1403769A (en) * 1971-12-20 1975-08-28 Sperry Rand Corp Phased array fed lens antenna
US4321604A (en) * 1977-10-17 1982-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Broadband group delay waveguide lens
US6018316A (en) * 1997-01-24 2000-01-25 Ail Systems, Inc. Multiple beam antenna system and method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20080674A1 (it) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-19 Space Engineering Spa Antenna a lente discreta attiva aperiodica per coperture satellitari multifascio
EP2221919A1 (de) * 2008-12-18 2010-08-25 Agence Spatiale Européenne Aktive mehrstrahlantenne mit diskrete linse
US8358249B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2013-01-22 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Multibeam active discrete lens antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020036587A1 (en) 2002-03-28
CA2356725A1 (fr) 2002-03-25
FR2814614B1 (fr) 2003-02-07
JP2002151943A (ja) 2002-05-24
FR2814614A1 (fr) 2002-03-29
US6476761B2 (en) 2002-11-05

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