EP1087911A1 - Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1087911A1 EP1087911A1 EP99916860A EP99916860A EP1087911A1 EP 1087911 A1 EP1087911 A1 EP 1087911A1 EP 99916860 A EP99916860 A EP 99916860A EP 99916860 A EP99916860 A EP 99916860A EP 1087911 A1 EP1087911 A1 EP 1087911A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- ion exchange
- exchange material
- solution
- precipitation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003580 L-valyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
- C02F1/64—Heavy metal compounds of iron or manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for dropping or flocculating ingredients
- Interfering ionic substances in the water can be removed by placing them in the
- Ca 2 * ions in water are removed on an industrial scale by dropping them as CaCO a (lime) (decarbonization). This reaction is also controlled via the pH value.
- flocculation and separation is closely related to the precipitation of water constituents, because the removal of the (precipitated) water constituents presupposes that they can also be separated from the water.
- flacking or sedimentation it is essential how three precipitated products continue to grow and / or being able to agglomerate This behavior can be controlled by adding certain salts (aluminum salts, iron salts).
- the object of the invention is. to provide an improved method for Fal'e ⁇ or flocculation of ingredients from solutions, especially water.
- the method is characterized in that the three solution is brought into contact with at least one ion exchange material which releases the ions which cause the precipitation or flocculation into the solution and / or the precipitation 2 or flocculating functional groups on its surface
- Ion exchange materials are used in water and wastewater treatment to exchange unwanted ions for desired ions or ions that are less disruptive for the intended use.
- softening systems which use Ca 2 * and / or Mg 2 * ions in exchange for Na + by means of cation exchangers or bind H + ions to themselves, with anionic exchangers (at least in the Cl ⁇ - or OH'-form) unwanted anions (N0 3 -, HC0 3 -, etc.) can be removed from the water.
- ion exchange materials are used as carriers of the ions which enable the precipitation reaction in the solution.
- the component necessary for converting the ionic species to be dropped into a sparingly soluble salt / mineral is provided, for example, by a conditioned ion exchange material an anion exchange resin in the OH ⁇ form, the OH'-Ione ⁇ necessary for the hydroxide precipitation available.
- a conditioned ion exchange material an anion exchange resin in the OH ⁇ form, the OH'-Ione ⁇ necessary for the hydroxide precipitation available.
- the ion exchange material enables the targeted addition of the components necessary for the precipitation reaction alone, for example in the decarbonization of calcareous water.
- the principle of decarbonization of calcareous water then consists in raising the pH in order to shift the lime-carbonic acid balance so that the Ca 2 * ions precipitate in the form of lime.
- the pH is increased by adding Ca (OH) 2 , NaOH and / or NaC0 3.
- This metering has the disadvantage that with the basic OH "or C0 3 2 "ions additional Ca 3 ⁇ - or nations get into the water, some of which oppose the process success (additional Ca 2 * -lo ⁇ en. Which must be precipitated) or limit
- the ion exchange is a surface process and is dependent on the degree of loading of the ion exchange material with the ions necessary for the reaction and on the type and concentration of the ions in the solution, which can be exchanged for the ions on the resin
- the contact time can easily be set and, if necessary, changed (by the size of the ion exchange resin bed and the flow rate in continuous operation, by the length of time in the reaction vessel (tank))
- Ion exchange materials can also be used as carriers of the ions that control the flocculation in the solution.
- ions that promote the flocculation of water constituents for example A * and Fe ⁇ -Io ⁇ e ⁇
- ions that promote the flocculation of water constituents can also be exchanged via a lo ⁇ e ⁇ exchange from a lo ⁇ e ⁇ exchange material bring the appropriate solution (you need an ion exchange material that is at least partially charged with Al 3+ and Fe 1+ ions)
- a specially conditioned ion exchange material can be used as a catalyst for the precipitation of water constituents.
- a specially conditioned ion exchange material can be used as a catalyst for the precipitation of water constituents.
- the solution is thermo-dynamically oversaturated with respect to a dissolved phase, but none is found in finite periods of time Failure instead, which would bring the solution into equilibrium
- Such metastable solutions lack adequate growth sites where the failure can take place.
- Suitable growth sites are crystal nuclei of the phase to be dropped or special heterogeneous surfaces that significantly reduce the nucleation work and thus the formation of heterogeneous nuclei in the Allowing the area of low supersaturation
- An example of such a solution is water that is oversaturated with regard to lime
- Lo ⁇ e ⁇ auschermate ⁇ alien also get their specific properties through certain functional groups Strong acid ion exchangers as active functional groups, for example, the sulfonate group, weakly acidic ion exchangers have as active functional groups, for example, the carboxylate group (COO-)
- the carboxylate group of a weakly acidic ion exchange material is preferably completely charged with Ca 2 onen via a loading process, this loaded material is suitable for catalytically forming CaC0 3 -Kstallstall on its surface in aqueous, calcareous solutions
- a weakly acidic ion exchange material conditioned in this way can be used, for example, as a nucleator and filter pellet in conventional decarbonization stores, further to increase the germination rate and thus the performance in the method and apparatus described in German patent application DE 19606633 A1.
- the content of DE 19606633 A1 belongs to the disclosure of the present application
- the catalytic efficiency is dependent on the bond strength (electrostatic association) between the carboxylate group and the Ca 2+ ion. Too strong a bond would not allow the association of carbo ions from the solution necessary for nucleation, a too loose bond would result in the loss of the Ca + and thus lead to the destruction of the catalytic complex.
- the electrostatic association of carboxylate group and Ca 2+ -lo ⁇ at the interface ion-exchange material / water is influenced by an electric field at the interface.
- the decarbonization of calcareous water is achieved by raising the pH value of the water by adding certain chemicals (milk of lime, sodium hydroxide solution, soda) and thus shifting the lime-carbonic acid equilibrium strongly into supersaturation.
- milk of lime, sodium hydroxide solution, soda milk of lime, sodium hydroxide solution, soda
- the onset of homogeneous nucleation produces lime crystal nuclei on which the lime dissolved in the water precipitates (Mg 2 ⁇ nen precipitate as Mg (OH) 2 ).
- FIG. 2 shows a device for producing seed crystals.
- 3 and 4 show further exemplary embodiments of a device suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the raw water first flows through line 2 through a bed of strongly basic ion exchange material 3;
- the pH value of the raw water is raised to a pH value between 9 and 10 (depending on the decarbonization capacity) by lo ⁇ en exchange.
- the pH is controlled via the average contact time of the raw water with the ion exchange material 3 (flow rate, amount of resin).
- the pH increase leads to homogeneous nucleation and consequently to liming.
- the precipitated lime is separated from the process water in the subsequent filter stage 4 according to the state of the art via sedimentation and / or filtration (sedimentation filter 6).
- the pH is optionally adjusted.
- stage 1 is expediently operated in a fluidized bed mode.
- ion exchange material supply and removal device used periodically or continuously used ion exchange material is removed from the fluidized bed and replaced by fresh resin. A cleaning is possible via rewinding lines 9 and spool outlets 10
- a DIC content of likewise 4 mmol / l and a pH of 8 about 1 mmol / l of lye is required or OH " ions.
- a strongly basic anion exchanger in the OH " form for example Lewait MP 600 from Bayer / 5 /, has a capacity of typically 1 val / l - assuming a requirement of 1 mmol / l OH " ions per liter of raw water from the so 1000 I can be in accordance with per L ⁇ te r ca resin prepare
- the amount of resin required for a certain treatment performance depends on the contact time required for raising the pH value resin - water. With the water described above, a contact time of approx. 30 s is sufficient for raising the pH value to 9 5 for a carbonation system with a performance of 100 m 3 / h this results in a necessary resin quantity of approx. 850 I
- a weakly basic anion exchange material for example Lewait MP62 from Bayer, is preferably used for this purpose, since generally only a moderate increase in pH is necessary to prevent the precipitation of To draw iron and manganese hydroxides 9
- it is expedient to add a small amount of a resin loaded with aluminum loins or complexes to the resin bed for example a strongly acidic Lewait S 100 ion exchange resin from Bayer, loaded with aluminum ions).
- a wax-loaded ion exchange material for example a resin Lewait CNP 80 from Bayer, which is preferably fully loaded with Ca 2t -lo ⁇ en, causes catalytic lime nucleation in lime-containing solutions
- the latter resin can be used, for example, to support or replace the decarburization described above.
- a weakly acidic resin in the Ca 2 * form forms crystal nuclei even with lower supersaturations. It is with the use of this resin possible the process to lead so that the pH-values need not be controlled via the pH 9, and thus the supersaturation r in a be e ⁇ ch remains, will not suddenly generates a high Knstallkeimêt in
- the converted CNP 80 can be dried, applied manually and as a thin layer to a support, for example to the electrodes described in international application WO 95/26931.
- the internal field of such an coated electrode can be used to control the catalytic activity of the functional groups. In this way, crystal nucleation can be triggered in a targeted manner - this effect can be used in water treatment in order to add a defined amount of lime stone to the process water
- the invention is by no means restricted to known ion exchange materials. The only important thing is that the material used has active groups 10 can take up ions from the solution and add others for this purpose. These groups must therefore have a finite dissociation constant in the liquid under consideration
- the materials which have catalytic properties, it is additionally advantageous to use the materials which have a microstructure which is favorable for the crystallization.
- the basic matrix to which the groups are applied is a two-dimensional temolate which shows a good agreement with the lattice constants of the crystal to be formed, so that electrostatic and sterochemical conditions as in the crystal to be formed prevail.
- the active groups must then be prepared to such an extent that at least one ionic component of the substance to be crystallized is absorbed. This is then supersaturated Solutions able to trigger stall nucleation at the interface
- suitable materials are preferably polyacrylate, polystyrene, activated carbon (as granules or porous semi-finished parts in the form of plate cylinders, hollow cylinders), which can preferably be functionalized with a carboxylate group.
- the carboxylate group is mostly in the H * Form saturated
- the H + ions are replaced by cations of sparingly soluble salts (for example Ca 3 ⁇ Mg 2 'Fe 2 * , Cu 2 * us), so that ultimately an ion exchange material is present in the respective cation form (Ca 2+ form, Mg 2 * form Fe 2 * form, Cu 2+ form, etc.)
- the geometric position of the Ca 2 ions on the surface of a polyacylate resin ball of the weakly acidic ion exchange resin Lewatit CNP80 from Fa Bayer is determined by the molecular geometry of the polyacrylate matrix.
- the surface created in this way now has a good surface electrostatic and stereochemical properties for the formation of CaC0 3 - K ⁇ stallen
- the electrostatic and stereochemical properties are important for the catalytically induced formation of crystal nuclei on the respective surface.
- the stereochemical and largely also the 11 electrical properties are set via the structure of the basic material (eg polyacrylate) on which the active groups are seated
- the electrostatic properties can also be influenced by an external electrostatic field.
- This can be implemented in a simple manner by introducing the catalyst material between two field-generating electrodes.
- the container wall for example a fluidized bed reactor
- an anode can be fitted in the tank
- Such a catalyst can be used to form inoculation stalls, which the water flow distributes in the subsequent installation system and flow system. Seed crystals are thus obtained as the precipitation product. It is known that such crystal nuclei can prevent the deposition on pipe walls or heating registers of water heaters due to their growth process Protection of a private car installation in the household can, for example, use a fluidized bed reactor 11 (volume approx. 6-8 liters, diameter 15 cm, height 60 cm) with a catalyst filler (e.g. 4 liters).
- the catalyst bed 12 is used, for example, by a weakly acidic cation exchanger in the Ca 2 * -form (eg Lewait CNP90 from Bayer) formed.
- the raw water flows from the inlet 13 via a pump 14 and a nozzle floor 15 and a support layer 16 made of quartz sand through the catalyst 12.
- the catalyst bed is kept in constant suspension via the pump 14 (Circulation) over the R Check valve 18 and the pump 14 Due to the constant flow and friction of the catalyst particles, a blockage 12 of the grains prevented and additionally supported the detachment of the crystal nuclei from the catalyst surface.
- the crystal nuclei are discharged into the connected installation system as seed crystals when water is drawn off (line 17).
- a catalytically active material prepared in this way is particularly good as a sediment for a process for the treatment of water described in German patent DE 19606633 A1.
- the water treatment with a catalytically active ion exchange material 12, which is arranged in a container 11, is combined with a preferably physical water treatment device 19.
- a physical water treatment device can work, for example, electrostatically.
- the water to be treated in particular for decalcification, is circulated through the ion exchange material via a pump 14.
- the water treatment device 19 can either be installed in this circuit (FIG. 3) or this circuit ⁇ ac (FIG. 4)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99916860A EP1087911A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-22 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98105346 | 1998-03-24 | ||
EP98105346A EP0957066B1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Verfahren zum Fällen oder Ausflocken von Inhaltsstoffen aus Lösungen |
EP99916860A EP1087911A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-22 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
PCT/EP1999/001921 WO1999048822A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-22 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1087911A1 true EP1087911A1 (de) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=8231641
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98105346A Expired - Lifetime EP0957066B1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Verfahren zum Fällen oder Ausflocken von Inhaltsstoffen aus Lösungen |
EP99916830A Withdrawn EP1515917A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-18 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
EP99916860A Withdrawn EP1087911A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-22 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98105346A Expired - Lifetime EP0957066B1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Verfahren zum Fällen oder Ausflocken von Inhaltsstoffen aus Lösungen |
EP99916830A Withdrawn EP1515917A1 (de) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-03-18 | Verfahren zum fällen oder ausflocken von inhaltsstoffen aus lösungen |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6660167B1 (de) |
EP (3) | EP0957066B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE293581T1 (de) |
AU (2) | AU3518399A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2325395C (de) |
DE (3) | DE59812745C5 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0957066T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2241072T3 (de) |
WO (2) | WO1999048821A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19960700C2 (de) * | 1999-12-16 | 2003-04-30 | Georg C Schwarting | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Flüssigkeiten |
EP1363858B1 (de) | 2001-02-20 | 2004-09-15 | Watercryst chemiefreie Wasserbehandlung GmbH | Einrichtung zur chemisch/physikalischen wasserbehandlung und trinkwasser |
GB2386371B (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-02-18 | Ion Entpr Ltd | Fluid treatment apparatus |
DE10234625B4 (de) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Rational Ag | Dampferzeuger mit Reaktor zur Kalkkristallkeimbildung |
NL1021495C2 (nl) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-22 | Hoek Loos Bv | Koelsysteem en werkwijze voor gebruik daarvan. |
CN100404997C (zh) * | 2004-12-10 | 2008-07-23 | 西北工业大学 | 供暖管道反冲式排污*** |
US8143204B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2012-03-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Mg++ chemistry and method for fouling inhibition in heat processing of liquid foods and industrial processes |
EP2169392B1 (de) | 2008-09-26 | 2018-07-25 | R. Nussbaum AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen der Härte von Wasser |
JP2012524653A (ja) * | 2009-04-21 | 2012-10-18 | イーコラブ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド | 触媒系水処理方法及び装置 |
WO2010124354A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-04 | Watts Water Quality And Conditioning Products, Inc. | Resin for precipitation of minerals and salts. methods of manufacture and uses thereof |
US9155323B2 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2015-10-13 | Siebte Pmi Verwaltungs Gmbh | Aqueous process for preparing protein isolate and hydrolyzed protein from an oilseed |
US9193610B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-11-24 | Ecolab USA, Inc. | Synergistic interaction of weak cation exchange resin and magnesium oxide |
CN103086523B (zh) * | 2011-10-27 | 2014-07-02 | 河南省电力勘测设计院 | 以中水为水源的节能型电厂循环水高浓缩倍率处理*** |
CN104478133B (zh) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-06-01 | 陕西省石油化工研究设计院 | 钠床再生废液循环利用方法及*** |
CN104986895A (zh) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-21 | 张伟飞 | 一种小型的饮用水净化装置 |
RU2656005C2 (ru) * | 2016-05-26 | 2018-05-30 | Игорь Николаевич Самодуров | Способ получения средства для стабилизационной обработки воды и способ обработки воды средством для стабилизационной обработки воды |
CN108178420A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-06-19 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | 一种污水处理方法 |
AT521320A1 (de) | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-15 | Wcr Tech Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ionenaustauschermaterials |
AT522496A1 (de) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-11-15 | Wcr Tech Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Bereitstellung von warmem Trinkwasser |
CN115259333B (zh) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-04-02 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于去除及回收废水中重金属离子的诱晶载体及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
HU195457B (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1988-05-30 | Vizepitoeipari Troeszt | Process for removing suspended materials, biogene nutrients and soluted metal-compounds from waters containing organic and inorganic impurities |
DE3534472A1 (de) * | 1985-09-27 | 1987-04-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren und mittel zur wasserbehandlung |
JPH079499B2 (ja) | 1986-04-25 | 1995-02-01 | ソニー株式会社 | オ−トフオ−カス装置 |
DE4138666A1 (de) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-05-27 | Sued Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur vorreinigung von abwaessern |
KR930011148B1 (ko) * | 1993-03-08 | 1993-11-24 | 이종찬 | 중금속을 함유하는 폐수 처리용 조성물 |
CA2294129C (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2011-09-13 | Applied Specialties, Inc. | Water treatment process |
-
1998
- 1998-03-24 AT AT98105346T patent/ATE293581T1/de active
- 1998-03-24 EP EP98105346A patent/EP0957066B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-24 DE DE59812745.3T patent/DE59812745C5/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-24 DK DK98105346T patent/DK0957066T3/da active
- 1998-03-24 ES ES98105346T patent/ES2241072T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-18 AU AU35183/99A patent/AU3518399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-18 EP EP99916830A patent/EP1515917A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-18 WO PCT/EP1999/001801 patent/WO1999048821A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-18 DE DE29917556U patent/DE29917556U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-22 CA CA002325395A patent/CA2325395C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-22 EP EP99916860A patent/EP1087911A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-22 AU AU35199/99A patent/AU3519999A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-22 DE DE29923331U patent/DE29923331U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-22 US US09/646,855 patent/US6660167B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-22 WO PCT/EP1999/001921 patent/WO1999048822A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9948822A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999048822A1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
ATE293581T1 (de) | 2005-05-15 |
CA2325395C (en) | 2008-02-19 |
EP1515917A1 (de) | 2005-03-23 |
CA2325395A1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
AU3518399A (en) | 1999-10-18 |
DK0957066T3 (da) | 2005-07-04 |
WO1999048821A1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
ES2241072T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
DE29923331U8 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
EP0957066A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
DE59812745C5 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
DE29917556U1 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
EP0957066B1 (de) | 2005-04-20 |
DE59812745D1 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
DE29923331U1 (de) | 2000-08-10 |
AU3519999A (en) | 1999-10-18 |
US6660167B1 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
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