EP1087113A1 - Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1087113A1
EP1087113A1 EP00117099A EP00117099A EP1087113A1 EP 1087113 A1 EP1087113 A1 EP 1087113A1 EP 00117099 A EP00117099 A EP 00117099A EP 00117099 A EP00117099 A EP 00117099A EP 1087113 A1 EP1087113 A1 EP 1087113A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
filter
catalytic converter
filter structure
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00117099A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anton Sen. Mangold
Matthias Mangold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oberland Mangold GmbH
Original Assignee
Oberland Mangold GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oberland Mangold GmbH filed Critical Oberland Mangold GmbH
Publication of EP1087113A1 publication Critical patent/EP1087113A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0212—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/12—Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/40—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details made of a single sheet, foil or plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for exhaust gas purification of internal combustion engines with an exhaust gas catalytic converter and a particle filter device for filtering solids from the exhaust gas.
  • EP 0 334 910 B1 describes a soot filter with tubular filter cartridges become known on a perforated pipe
  • filter material that, for example, as circular knitted Knitted fabric is made from ceramic yarn.
  • Such a hose is pulled over the tube like a stocking.
  • With a multi-layer structure of the filter material several goods hoses on top of each other on the pipe.
  • a system for processing diesel exhaust gas which uses a catalyst, e.g. B. a ceramic honeycomb body with a catalytic coating for oxidizing NO contained in the exhaust gas to NO 2 and a filter device arranged downstream of the catalyst, for. B. has a cell ceramic filter for filtering particles from the exhaust gas.
  • a catalyst e.g. B. a ceramic honeycomb body with a catalytic coating for oxidizing NO contained in the exhaust gas to NO 2 and a filter device arranged downstream of the catalyst, for. B. has a cell ceramic filter for filtering particles from the exhaust gas.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device according to the preamble of claim 1, which has an improved exhaust gas cleaning effect with a simple and compact structure.
  • the generic device designed according to the invention as an integrated unit is that in the exhaust gas flow led through the unit has the exhaust gas catalyst and the particle filter device.
  • the integrated unit requires less Space and can be accommodated close to the engine with a minimal distance become. This has the advantage that temperature loss in the Exhaust gas is avoided, so that the regeneration of the particle filter is facilitated.
  • the particle filter device can have an annular shape Filter structure with an essentially axial inflow of exhaust gas into an inner cavity of the filter structure and one in the essential radial exhaust gas outflow from the inner cavity have through the filter structure, being in the exhaust gas inflow the particulate filter device integrated the exhaust gas catalytic converter is.
  • the particle filter device contains an annular filter structure that between a perforated outer tube and a perforated Inner tube is arranged, the two tube faces are covered and in an opening of one end of the tube the catalytic converter is arranged, through which the supplied Exhaust gas flows into an inner cavity of the inner tube and thence essentially radially through the perforated inner tube, the filter structure and the perforated outer tube flow out.
  • the filter structure expediently contains a filter fabric and a wire mesh.
  • the filter structure can be regular in itself or irregularly alternating layers of knitted wire built up in several layers with auxiliary thread and fiber fabric be to optimize the filter result z.
  • B. by Setting the density of the fiber material depending on the Location of the filter structure and the exhaust gas to be cleaned to achieve. It can improve the filter effect be advantageous if the filter medium is not only made of fiber fabric exists, but also additional loose fiber material made of temperature-resistant fibers.
  • the filter structure can be the fiber fabric in its Height, density, weave and type of fiber may vary. It can the density in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction of the fiber tissue is different his. With different weaves you can the individual threads of warp and weft differ cross.
  • a high temperature resistant fiber can be used as ceramic or can be used as glass fiber.
  • This also improves catalytic exhaust gas purification achieved a second catalyst in the inner tube installed at a distance from the first catalyst.
  • a device for exhaust gas purification comprises a metallic inner tube 4 and a metallic outer tube 5, which under formation of an annulus are arranged coaxially with each other.
  • the Inner tube 4 is longer than the outer tube 5 and in the manner in Outer tube arranged so that it is flush with this at one end closes and protrudes from the outer tube 5 at the other end.
  • the front of the device with the flush pipe ends is tightly closed with a disc 11.
  • the one on the opposite The end face is the annular space 2 with a ring 9 completed.
  • Between disc 11 and ring 9 are the inside and Perforated outer tube 4 and 5.
  • the over the outer tube 5 protruding pipe section 7 of the inner pipe 4 has in the illustrated Example of a closed wall.
  • the annular space is filled with a fiber material or fiber fabric 3, which is supported by a wire mesh (not shown) can be. It serves as a filter medium for particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • honeycomb body 8 In the tube section 7 of the inner tube 4 is in front of the front Outer tube 5 lying a honeycomb body 8 with a catalytic coating arranged.
  • the honeycomb structure of the honeycomb body 8 can be arranged directly in the pipe section 7. Alternatively it is also possible to separate the honeycomb body 8 in a separate arrange cylindrical housing (not shown), which is inserted into the pipe section 7. The honeycomb body 8 or an optional cylindrical housing welded to the inner tube 4.
  • Exhaust gas to be cleaned is according to arrow 20 via a not shown Feeder fed.
  • the inner tube 4 both part of the particle filter is also a carrier for the honeycomb body 8, receives an extremely compact device.
  • the exhaust gas flows to and through the catalyst 8, reacting with the catalytic coating of the catalyst CO in CO 2 , HC in H 2 O and NO in NO 2 (but only less than about 20% of the NO present in the exhaust gas ) is implemented.
  • the exhaust gas flow fed axially into the cylindrical interior 12 of the inner tube 4 by the catalytic converter 8 flows radially and / or obliquely to the longitudinal axis evenly outwards through the perforated inner tube 4, the filter structure 1 and the perforated outer tube 5.
  • the filter structure 1 filters the solid particles, such as, in particular, soot from the diesel exhaust.
  • Fig. 2 an embodiment is shown, which according to the 1 is constructed and another Has catalytically coated honeycomb body in the inner tube 4 fitted at a distance from the first catalytic converter 8 is.
  • the further catalyst 13 is thus also completely inside the outer tube 5.
  • the rest flows Exhaust gas flow through the second catalyst 13 before it flows out through the rear section 15 of the filter structure 1.
  • An additional takes place in the second catalytic converter 13 catalytic emission control.
  • the honeycomb body in question may be provided with radial openings, for example by opening it is wound on a perforated sheet. Radial openings supported also the radial exhaust gas flow into the filter structure inside.
  • the further catalyst 13 is preferably welded in the inner tube 4.
  • second catalysts can also be used spaced apart from each other in the inner tube 4.
  • the Honeycomb structure can be used to optimize the pressure conditions each be different.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
EP00117099A 1999-09-22 2000-08-09 Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP1087113A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19945457 1999-09-22
DE1999145457 DE19945457A1 (de) 1999-09-22 1999-09-22 Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1087113A1 true EP1087113A1 (fr) 2001-03-28

Family

ID=7922933

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00117099A Withdrawn EP1087113A1 (fr) 1999-09-22 2000-08-09 Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1087113A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001123822A (fr)
DE (1) DE19945457A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2918705A1 (fr) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-16 Renault Sas Corps filtrant d'un systeme de depollution.
EP2166203A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dispositif de nettoyage d'un flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile, notamment un véhicule utilitaire
CN102027215B (zh) * 2008-05-14 2013-10-16 株式会社小松制作所 废气处理装置及其制造方法
GB2583838A (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-11-11 Johnson Matthey Plc Catalysed filter system for treating particulate-containing exhaust gas from stationary emission sources

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10349632B4 (de) * 2003-10-24 2017-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Filterung eines durch eine Leitung strömenden Gases
KR100589166B1 (ko) * 2003-12-24 2006-06-12 현대자동차주식회사 디젤엔진의 분진제거장치
DE102008057960A1 (de) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-20 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Anordnung und Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Abgasstromes einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch die Abscheidung von Partikeln
DE112017005323B4 (de) * 2016-10-21 2024-07-04 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Radiale nachbehandlungskomponente
CN106703939A (zh) * 2017-01-04 2017-05-24 北京航空航天大学 一种颗粒物净化及消声一体装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2030221A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-04-02 Urso G Anti-pollution silencer for internal combustion engines
JPH08114112A (ja) * 1994-10-17 1996-05-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 高周波加熱排ガス浄化装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2030221A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-04-02 Urso G Anti-pollution silencer for internal combustion engines
JPH08114112A (ja) * 1994-10-17 1996-05-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 高周波加熱排ガス浄化装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 09 30 September 1996 (1996-09-30) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2918705A1 (fr) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-16 Renault Sas Corps filtrant d'un systeme de depollution.
CN102027215B (zh) * 2008-05-14 2013-10-16 株式会社小松制作所 废气处理装置及其制造方法
EP2166203A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dispositif de nettoyage d'un flux de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile, notamment un véhicule utilitaire
GB2583838A (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-11-11 Johnson Matthey Plc Catalysed filter system for treating particulate-containing exhaust gas from stationary emission sources
GB2583838B (en) * 2019-03-27 2022-02-16 Johnson Matthey Plc Catalysed filter system for treating particulate-containing exhaust gas from stationary emission sources
US11833471B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2023-12-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Catalysed filter system for treating particulate-containing exhaust gas from stationary emission sources

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001123822A (ja) 2001-05-08
DE19945457A1 (de) 2001-03-29

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