EP0638776A1 - Procédé et dispositif de réduction de l'émission d'odeur et de polluants pour des appareils de chauffage pour véhicules - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de réduction de l'émission d'odeur et de polluants pour des appareils de chauffage pour véhicules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0638776A1
EP0638776A1 EP94110636A EP94110636A EP0638776A1 EP 0638776 A1 EP0638776 A1 EP 0638776A1 EP 94110636 A EP94110636 A EP 94110636A EP 94110636 A EP94110636 A EP 94110636A EP 0638776 A1 EP0638776 A1 EP 0638776A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
flame tube
exhaust gas
combustion chamber
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94110636A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0638776B1 (fr
Inventor
Leonhard Dr.-Ing. Vilser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0638776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0638776A1/fr
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Publication of EP0638776B1 publication Critical patent/EP0638776B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing odor and pollutant emissions in the operation of a heater for vehicles, in which heat is generated by burning liquid fuel, which is fed to a heating heat exchanger via a heat transfer medium and serves to heat a vehicle compartment, and an arrangement for carrying it out this method in a heater independent of the vehicle engine, in which the heat exchanger is arranged concentrically with the combustion chamber and the flame tube and the exhaust gas is deflected after it leaves the flame tube and is guided through the heat exchanger to the exhaust gas outlet.
  • Heaters are known for heating the vehicle interior and for defrosting windows, in order to improve driving safety and driving comfort, especially in the period until the engine of the vehicle emits sufficient heat for heating the vehicle interior and during the time in which the engine of the vehicle does not have sufficient heat generated, for example at extremely low outside temperatures.
  • heaters are also used to preheat the vehicle engine so that it starts more easily.
  • a vehicle is understood not only as a passenger car but also as a commercial vehicle, construction machinery and ships which have a drive motor and a cabin intended for the operator's stay or a cargo hold to be heated.
  • These heaters are classified into “gasoline” and “diesel” based on the type of liquid fuel used for heating, and each of the two types after the heat transfer medium in "air” and “water devices”.
  • DE 38 08 061 C2 shows a heater working with air as a heat transfer medium
  • DE 39 43 335 A1 shows a heater working with a liquid heat transfer medium.
  • Both in gasoline and diesel fueled heaters after appropriate treatment, they are burned in a combustion chamber and a subsequent flame tube, and the hot exhaust gases are passed along a heat exchanger (heating heat exchanger) for heat transfer to the heat transfer medium. Then the exhaust gas leaves the heater via an exhaust outlet and a generally short exhaust pipe. This means that the distance the exhaust gas travels to the outside is very short compared to the exhaust pipes of a vehicle engine with several silencers. While the exhaust gases from the vehicle engine are passed and cleaned by exhaust gas purification devices, e.g.
  • a heater in which effective sound damping is to be effected by means of sound damping inserts or pads in the interior of the heater.
  • sound damping inserts or pads are arranged in a flameless area within the combustion chamber.
  • These layers or inserts can be porous or provided with holes and consist of a catalytically active material, layers of sound-absorbing material and those of catalytic material should also be arranged distributed within the combustion tubes of the flame tube.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a method according to which exhaust gas purification takes place in the area of the heater in heater devices for vehicles, that is to say not in an exhaust gas line arranged outside the heater, and an arrangement with which the method can be carried out.
  • the arrangement for carrying out the method is accordingly characterized in that catalytically effectively coated sections are arranged in the flow path of the exhaust gas between the combustion chamber with the subsequent flame tube and the exhaust outlet connection. It has been found that it is sufficient if the surfaces of the heat exchanger acted upon by the exhaust gas from the heater and the outer surfaces of the flame tube are at least partially catalytically coated. It is particularly advantageous here that the heat exchanger on its inner surface, i.e. on the side facing the combustion chamber and the flame tube, is provided with ribs, so that there is a relatively large area suitable for the catalytically active coating. The coating is in the micro range, so that in this case there is no impairment of the area provided for the flow.
  • a catalytically coated metallic knitted fabric is arranged in a section of the exhaust gas flow path between the outer wall of the combustion chamber / flame tube and the inner wall of the heat exchanger.
  • Such knitted fabrics are known from exhaust gas purification technology and can easily be adapted to the contour specified by the ribs of the heat exchanger. It has proven to be advantageous if the knitted fabrics are made of metal and this version is adapted to the contour of the heat exchanger. This gives an annular element which is smooth on the inside, so that it can be placed on the flame tube, while the outer contour corresponds to that of the heat exchanger and its ribs.
  • this element can be surrounded by an elastic layer, so that an elastic intermediate layer is formed between the metallic frame of the knitted fabric and the heat exchanger.
  • this can consist of swelling material, so that as the temperature increases, the element is fitted more and more firmly in the space offered to it.
  • a corresponding shoulder is provided on the flame tube against which the element rests. The axial loading of this ring is only from one side, and the ribbing provides a radial fixation, so that a simple securing against axial displacement is sufficient.
  • This arrangement of the element also has the great advantage that existing heaters can be retrofitted with no special effort and that this component can be replaced at any time in a very simple manner.
  • Such a metallic knitted fabric is also suitable for retaining soot particles which occur in heaters operated with diesel fuel. Burning free of the element can be achieved at the specified temperatures in the heater without additional effort.
  • the catalytically active element can either be a ceramic monolith, as is usually used in exhaust gas purification, or a metallic corrugated body, as is used in automotive engineering, e.g. is used in pre-catalysts. In any case, such an element must have a sufficient longitudinal extent, since otherwise the exhaust gas dwell time in the element when it flows through is too short. This applies in particular if the element is also intended to act as a soot filter.
  • a configuration can also be selected for the ceramic body that is particularly suitable for retaining soot particles that occur.
  • Such ceramic bodies have a multiplicity of continuous channels which are closed on the input or output side in the manner of a chessboard, so that the exhaust gas in each case enters the open channels, then passes through the ceramic body to the adjacent channels and from there leaves the exhaust gas treatment body.
  • the soot particles accumulated during the passage through this exhaust gas treatment body can then be easily removed by burning out at the given temperature conditions in the flame tube.
  • the heater shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 differs from the heater shown in cross section in FIG. 2 only by the different guidance of the heat transfer medium, which is air in the example of FIG. 1 and a liquid in the example of FIG. 2. Therefore, the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 is provided on both sides with ribs, inner and outer ribs, and the heat transfer medium is supplied and removed differently.
  • the differently chosen exemplary embodiments show that the structure of the heater is of no importance for the arrangement of the catalysts.
  • the decisive factor is the presence of a heat exchanger which is arranged around the combustion chamber.
  • a combustion chamber 1 in which fuel supplied via the spark plug connector 2, which receives air sucked in via the combustion air supply connector 3 via a combustion air blower 4 and thus forms an ignitable mixture which is ignited by means of the ignition device 4, is burned .
  • a flame shield 6, which acts as a flame holder, and a flame tube 7 are connected to the combustion chamber 1.
  • a blower motor 8 is arranged with the hot air blower 9, over the air is sucked in as heat transfer medium from the air intake connector 10 and is guided inside the housing 11 via the heat exchanger 12 before it leaves the heater via the outlet connector 13 in order to heat the vehicle cabin directly or via a heating heat exchanger and to effect deicing of the windscreen.
  • the ignitable fuel / air mixture takes place in a prechamber 14.
  • the combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 1.
  • the flame extends into the flame tube 7, and the hot exhaust gases leave the flame tube 7 and strike the curved wall of the heat exchanger 12 and are deflected there and flow into the annular space 19 to the exhaust outlet connection 16 and leave the heater there.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 is approximately 800 ° C. and that at the outlet 16 is approximately 200 to 300 ° C.
  • a baffle 17 is arranged in the path of the hot exhaust gases directly in front of the exhaust gas outlet connection 16 in order to achieve a longer residence time of the hot exhaust gas in the heat exchanger 12.
  • the heat exchanger 12 has external ribbing 12.1 in the annular space 19 between the housing 11 and the heat exchanger wall 12 for guiding the air as heat transfer medium and in order to improve the heat transfer from the hot exhaust gas to the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat exchanger 12 has inner fins 12.2, which likewise serve to improve the heat transfer in a known manner. These inner ribs 12.2 protrude into the annular space 15 between the flame tube 7 and the wall of the heat exchanger 12.
  • the heat exchanger 12 has no outer ribs, and the position of the connecting pieces 10, 12, 16 is different from that of the heater Fig. 1, since in the case of the heater according to Fig. 2, a liquid heat transfer medium is used. Both heaters are known and have proven themselves even under extreme operating conditions.
  • the combustion can be optimally set, but pollutant is still contained in the exhaust gas, even if in very small amounts.
  • Disturbing are odorous substances contained in the exhaust gas, some of which occur as aromatic hydrocarbons, some as hydrogen sulfides.
  • the arrangement of catalysts as is known for exhaust gas purification in engines operated with liquid fuel, is appropriate.
  • the arrangement of such catalysts in the exhaust pipe of heaters requires a relatively large installation space, which is not available under normal installation conditions.
  • a catalytically active element 21 in can additionally or if sufficiently alone the annular space 15 between the flame tube 7 and the heat exchanger 12 may be arranged.
  • This element 21 is designed as a ring, the outer contour 21.1 corresponding to that of the ribbed part of the heat exchanger 12, while the inner contour 21.2 is correspondingly smooth to the flame tube 7.
  • the outer contour 21.1 and the inner contour 21.2 form a covering for a catalytically coated wire mesh 21.3.
  • the inlet and the outlet in this element 21 is covered by a corresponding perforated plate 21.4 or 21.5 in Fig.
  • the element 21 can additionally be surrounded with a thin swelling mat so that it fits more firmly into the contour of the annular space 15 with increasing temperature and load and is also secured against axial displacement. As a rule, however, this is not necessary since a stop can easily be arranged behind the element 21 in the direction of loading. 1, the baffle 17 arranged in the flow of the hot exhaust gas already satisfies the requirements for holding the element 21 in the flow direction.
  • the element 21 with the knitted fabric 21.3 it is also possible to use a ceramic, catalytically coated monolith with a multiplicity of passages for the exhaust gas or one with a multiplicity of Passages provided catalytically coated SiC block can be used.
  • a catalytically active coated element 23 in the end of the flame tube 7.
  • This can be a be a catalytically active monolith or an SiC body with a corresponding coating.
  • the holder is made in a known manner via a wire mesh or / and a swelling mat.
  • the axial change in position can take place by means of a stop, a constriction or an inserted ring in the flame tube 7, the axial position being fixed in the flow direction behind the element 23.
  • the element 21 can be designed as a soot filter in a known manner.
  • soot filters consist of a catalytically effective coated body with parallel, continuous channels, which are closed on the inlet and outlet side in a chessboard-like manner, so that the exhaust gas enters one channel closed on the outlet side and then enters through the monolith in the other outlet side open channel, the soot particles deposit as they pass through the body.
  • This element 21 is arranged in the flow direction behind the combustion chamber 1 and the flame tube 7 in the area after the flow deflection of the exhaust gas. Temperatures there still allow the element 21 to burn free from the soot particles that have accumulated.
  • the element 21 can also be formed from SiC.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
EP94110636A 1993-08-12 1994-07-08 Dispositif de réduction de l'émission d'odeur et de polluants pour des appareils de chauffage pour véhicules Expired - Lifetime EP0638776B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4327139 1993-08-12
DE4327139A DE4327139A1 (de) 1993-08-12 1993-08-12 Verfahren zur Verringerung der Geruchs- und Schadstoffemissionen bei Heizgeräten für Fahrzeuge und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0638776A1 true EP0638776A1 (fr) 1995-02-15
EP0638776B1 EP0638776B1 (fr) 1999-12-29

Family

ID=6495055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94110636A Expired - Lifetime EP0638776B1 (fr) 1993-08-12 1994-07-08 Dispositif de réduction de l'émission d'odeur et de polluants pour des appareils de chauffage pour véhicules

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0638776B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE188288T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4327139A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19606135A1 (de) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-21 Erc Emissions Reduzierungs Con Katalysatoranordnung, insbesondere für einen Dreizugkessel
WO2001057442A1 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-09 J. Eberspächer Gmbh & Co. Ensemble chambre de combustion, notamment pour un appareil de chauffage
EP3296632A1 (fr) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-21 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Composant de chambre de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage à combustible pour véhicule
US20180194198A1 (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Combustion chamber assembly unit
CN108534135A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-09-14 中山劲牛科技有限公司 封堵头

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10143462A1 (de) * 2001-09-05 2003-07-03 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Zusatzheizgerätanordnung mit einem Schalldämpfer
DE10156962A1 (de) * 2001-11-20 2003-06-26 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Heizgerät, insbesondere Standheizung und/oder Zuheizer eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE10200962A1 (de) * 2002-01-12 2003-07-31 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Heizgerät und Gehäuse für ein Heizgerät
DE102008002956A1 (de) * 2008-07-22 2010-02-04 Webasto Ag Mobiles Heizgerät

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3425259A1 (de) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-23 Wolfgang 5063 Overath Schmitter Waermeerzeuger
DE3713476A1 (de) * 1987-04-22 1988-11-10 Webasto Ag Fahrzeugtechnik Heizgeraet, insbesondere fahrzeugzusatzheizgeraet
DE3838507A1 (de) * 1988-11-12 1990-05-17 Ernst Roehner Kombi-heizungskessel
EP0384295A2 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-29 Kat- Tec Gesellschaft Für Katalysatortechnik Mbh Méthode et dispositif pour réduire des éléments polluants d'une combustion avec des catalyseurs d'oxydation en forme de nid d'abeilles et avec des catalyseurs de désulfuration et avec recyclage des gaz d'échappement

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3808061A1 (de) * 1988-03-11 1989-09-21 Eberspaecher J Anordnung zur absenkung der abgastemperatur bei heizeinrichtungen
DE3943335A1 (de) * 1989-12-29 1991-07-04 Eberspaecher J Fahrzeugheizung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3425259A1 (de) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-23 Wolfgang 5063 Overath Schmitter Waermeerzeuger
DE3713476A1 (de) * 1987-04-22 1988-11-10 Webasto Ag Fahrzeugtechnik Heizgeraet, insbesondere fahrzeugzusatzheizgeraet
DE3838507A1 (de) * 1988-11-12 1990-05-17 Ernst Roehner Kombi-heizungskessel
EP0384295A2 (fr) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-29 Kat- Tec Gesellschaft Für Katalysatortechnik Mbh Méthode et dispositif pour réduire des éléments polluants d'une combustion avec des catalyseurs d'oxydation en forme de nid d'abeilles et avec des catalyseurs de désulfuration et avec recyclage des gaz d'échappement

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19606135C2 (de) * 1996-02-20 1999-01-14 Erc Emissions Reduzierungs Con Katalysatoranordnung, insbesondere für einen Dreizugkessel
DE19606135A1 (de) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-21 Erc Emissions Reduzierungs Con Katalysatoranordnung, insbesondere für einen Dreizugkessel
WO2001057442A1 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-09 J. Eberspächer Gmbh & Co. Ensemble chambre de combustion, notamment pour un appareil de chauffage
US10569619B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2020-02-25 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Combustion chamber assembly unit for a fuel-operated vehicle heater
EP3296632A1 (fr) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-21 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Composant de chambre de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage à combustible pour véhicule
CN107830546A (zh) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-23 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制***有限责任两合公司 用于燃料运行的车辆加热器的燃烧室结构组合件
CN107830546B (zh) * 2016-09-15 2020-04-14 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制***有限责任两合公司 用于燃料运行的车辆加热器的燃烧室结构组合件
EP3348905A1 (fr) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-18 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Ensemble chambre de combustion
RU2684151C1 (ru) * 2017-01-11 2019-04-04 Эбершпехер Клаймит Контрол Системз Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Узел камеры сгорания и нагревательный прибор
CN108302529B (zh) * 2017-01-11 2019-12-17 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制***有限责任两合公司 燃烧室结构组合件
CN108302529A (zh) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-20 埃贝斯佩歇气候控制***有限责任两合公司 燃烧室结构组合件
US20180194198A1 (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Combustion chamber assembly unit
US11027593B2 (en) 2017-01-11 2021-06-08 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Combustion chamber assembly unit
CN108534135A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-09-14 中山劲牛科技有限公司 封堵头
CN108534135B (zh) * 2018-06-08 2024-06-04 中山劲牛科技有限公司 封堵头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4327139A1 (de) 1995-02-16
ATE188288T1 (de) 2000-01-15
DE59409031D1 (de) 2000-02-03
EP0638776B1 (fr) 1999-12-29

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