EP1072554B1 - Grue à flèche téléscopique - Google Patents
Grue à flèche téléscopique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1072554B1 EP1072554B1 EP00115005A EP00115005A EP1072554B1 EP 1072554 B1 EP1072554 B1 EP 1072554B1 EP 00115005 A EP00115005 A EP 00115005A EP 00115005 A EP00115005 A EP 00115005A EP 1072554 B1 EP1072554 B1 EP 1072554B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- locked
- piston rod
- crane according
- guides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/149—Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/64—Jibs
- B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
- B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
- B66C23/705—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic telescoped by hydraulic jacks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1466—Hollow piston sliding over a stationary rod inside the cylinder
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crane with a telescopic boom, the one Basic boom with boom linkage telescopic shots in their respective extended and retracted positions are locked by locking bolts and after releasing the locking bolt connections with a one-step hydraulic piston-cylinder unit, which ends at the boom link is attached, can be extended and retracted by two strokes, each shot to be retracted or retracted once with the inner and once with the outer End portion of the movable part of the piston-cylinder unit is coupled.
- a telescopic boom of this type in which either the piston rod or cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit on the boom link is articulated and the respective movable part of the piston-cylinder unit, namely the cylinder and the piston rod on hers Provide inner and outer ends with a locking and locking unit are that can be coupled with recesses of the telescopic shots.
- the locking and locking unit is located on the boom link attached cylinder to the piston rod, this is at its front End with a guide and traction device running parallel to the cylinder provided with a locking and locking unit at its inner end wearing.
- the known telescopic boom has a relatively complex Construction on that at the inner and outer ends of the cylinder, respectively or at the outer end of the piston rod and at the inner end of a this connected guiding and pulling device securing and locking units are arranged, which must therefore be duplicated.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a crane with a telescopic boom to create specified type, which has a simpler structure.
- this object is achieved according to the invention solved that when attached to the boom linkage piston rod on the cylinder a sliding ring or a sliding sleeve with a coupling device for coupling the shots, the one or both with the inner and the outer end region of the cylinder can be locked.
- the sliding coupling device can consist of two opposite one another extendable and retractable pistons exist in corresponding recesses or insert holes in the shots and are known from EP 0 661 234 A1 are.
- the bolt connections that lock the individual shots together can also be designed as described in EP 0 661 234 A1 is.
- the displaceable ring or the bushing, which is the coupling device also carries with a device for unlocking the individual shots locking bolt connections are provided, as is also described in EP 0 661 234 A1.
- the telescopic boom according to the invention enables the individual shots in extend and retract two strokes so that piston cylinder units with lower weight can be used, which is also less sensitive to kinking exhibit.
- the sliding ring or the sliding bush on the cylinder which can only partially encompass the cylinder, is in the end positions locked to the cylinder by known locking means.
- the sliding ring in a known manner with supply lines is provided.
- the locking unit can also be supplied by an additional hydraulic cylinder take place at the same time the displacement of the locking unit serves on the cylinder jacket tube.
- the object is achieved according to the invention solved that with the cylinder attached to the boom linkage with the outer End of the piston rod a tube concentric with the cylinder or to this parallel guides are attached, which surround the cylinder between them, and that on the tube or the struts a sliding ring or a sliding piece are guided with a coupling device which with the inner and outer End regions of the tube or the guides can be coupled.
- a coupling device which with the inner and outer End regions of the tube or the guides can be coupled.
- the ring or the sliding piece according to the first embodiment again with Provide devices for releasing the locking bolt connections.
- the ring or the sliding piece are provided with an energy supply, which can consist of carried lines.
- the oil supply for the locking unit and the displacement unit can also by means of telescopic pipes inside the cylinder or via hose lines respectively.
- the device the ring or the sliding piece with the coupling device from the outer Position returns to the inner position or vice versa.
- the cylindrical jacket tube or that enclosing it are expedient Tube or the guides at their outer and inner end portions with coils, Provide protrusions or depressions with which the rings, bushings or sliding pieces e.g. can be releasably locked by claws or bolts.
- the guides can be provided with coupling devices with which the Sliding piece is releasably connectable by mating coupling devices.
- the piston rod 1 is the hydraulic one Piston cylinder unit 1, 2 on the boom link 3 of the basic boom 4 attached, which forms the outer shot of the telescopic boom.
- the socket 9 is in the manner known from EP 0 661 234 A1 on opposite Provided on the sides with hydraulically movable locking bolts the socket 9 each with the inner end of the shot to be pushed out can be locked so that the shot to be moved can be moved in two strokes can extend or retract, the socket once with the inner and once with the outer end of the cylinder is locked.
- the socket 9 is also with a EP, for example 0 661 234 A1 known device for pulling the locking bolts 7, 8 provided those for coupling to the device with coupling pieces, for example Plates, provided and towards their extended locking position are loaded by springs.
- a EP for example 0 661 234 A1 known device for pulling the locking bolts 7, 8 provided those for coupling to the device with coupling pieces, for example Plates, provided and towards their extended locking position are loaded by springs.
- the socket 9 is in a manner not shown with lines for power supply provided, which on the one hand lock and release the claws 10 and on the other hand the locking bolts for coupling the shots to the socket 9 and the device for pulling the bolts 7, 8 with energy, for example hydraulic oil, supply.
- the swiveling claws can be loaded by springs, so that they automatically move into their coupling positions via suitable slopes grab.
- the shot 5 is then in two strokes the basic boom 4 extended in a corresponding manner, the first extension stroke 6 can be seen.
- the invention can also be achieved in that the apparent from FIGS. 7 to 10, the cylinder 2 with the boom link 3 is connected.
- the piston rod 1 enters at its outer end Transverse yoke or a plate 20 to which a cage 22 is connected, the inner end is slidably guided on the cylinder 2 via a sliding piece.
- This Cage 20 can also consist of a tube or side struts that are on the cylinder 2 are guided.
- On the cage 22 is a socket or a sliding piece 23 slidably guided like the socket 9 after the Embodiment of FIGS.
- the individual bolts are mechanical mutually locked so that the shots either with each other or the shot to be pushed out or retracted with the movable part of the piston-cylinder unit is locked.
- From the telescopic boom according to the invention according to FIGS. 11 to 14 are from the boom articulation piece 30 four telescopic sections 31 to 34 telescopic.
- the piston rod 35 of the telescopic cylinder 36 is with the foot 37 of the Boom articulation shot 30 firmly connected.
- the telescopic cylinder 36 is with it End 38 superior lateral guides 39 provided in the outer Tail of the articulated shot and the telescoped shots in the usual Are guided and prevent rotation of the telescopic cylinder.
- On a transverse yoke 40 connecting the lateral guides 39 is an auxiliary cylinder 41 attached, the piston rod 42, the bushing 43 on the cylinder jacket tube of the telescopic cylinder 36 moves between the end positions, locked and solves again.
- the socket 43 carries the side locking bolts for coupling to the individual shots to be pushed out and retracted. Continue wearing the socket 43 is a coupling piece for coupling to the locking bolt 44 to 47 to lock the individual telescopic shots with each other and with the Auslegeranlenkschuß.
- the auxiliary cylinder 41 via its piston rod 42 has the coupling device provided bushing 43 shifted inwards, in which the lateral Locking bolts are coupled to the inner shot 34 to be pushed out.
- the locking bolt 47 After pulling and thus unlocking the locking bolt 47 can the inner shot over the telescopic cylinder 36 into its one shown in FIG move to the semi-extended position.
- the locking bolt 47 bolted to a central receiving bore of the shot 46, so that after the release of the lateral locking bolts used to move the telescopic shots the cylinder 36 is moved into its position shown in FIG. 13 can be. From this position, the inner telescopic section 34 is then by extending the telescopic cylinder again into its one shown in FIG. 14 move to extended position.
- FIG. 15 A schematic sectional view of the telescopic cylinder 36, with the Foot piece of the boom linkage firmly connected piston rod and with the telescopic cylinder 36 connected auxiliary cylinder 41 can be seen from Fig. 15.
- the telescopic cylinder 36 is concentric with its center line with two Pipes 50, 51 provided, of which the tube 51, the tube 50 to form a Annulus 52 surrounds. Between the tube 51 and the cylinder jacket tube 53 of the Telescopic cylinder 36 an annular space 54 is formed, in which the piston 55 is guided is.
- the piston rod 35 and the piston 55 are provided with bores 56, 57, through which the annular space 54 is supplied with pressure oil for extending the piston 55.
- the auxiliary cylinder 41 is on the one hand through the bores 60 of the piston rod, the inner tube 50 and the Hole 61 in the bottom of the telescopic cylinder and on the other hand via the hole 62 the piston rod 65 and the annular space 52 between the tubes 50 and 51 and the bore 63 in the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 36 supplied pressure oil.
- the piston rod 42 of the auxiliary cylinder 41 is also provided with bores 64 to 66, so that in the sliding bushing and thus the coupling and locking devices oil can be supplied to actuate them.
- the oil supply can be provided by a microprocessor, preferably Control device take place so that the coupling of the individual shots as well as pulling and releasing the individual interlocking the shots In any case, bolts are made in the intended order.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Grue à flèche télescopique, dont les tronçons (5, 6) pouvant être télescopés d'une flèche de base (4) avec une pièce d'articulation de flèche (3) sont verrouillés dans leurs positions respectivement sortie ou rentrée par des boulons de verrouillage (7, 8) et, après le relâchement des assemblages de verrouillage à boulons peuvent être sortis et rentrés respectivement par deux courses au moyen d'une unité hydraulique à piston et à cylindre (1, 2) à un étage qui est fixée à une extrémité à la pièce d'articulation de flèche (3), où chaque tronçon à sortir ou à rentrer (5, 6) est couplé une fois avec la zone d'extrémité intérieure et une fois avec la zone d'extrémité extérieure de la partie déplaçable de l'unité à piston et à cylindre (1, 2), caractérisée en ce que, lorsque la tige de piston (1) est fixée à la pièce d'articulation de flèche (3), il est guidé sur le vérin (2) une bague déplaçable ou une douille déplaçable (9) avec une installation de couplage pour le couplage des tronçons (5, 6), qui peut être verrouillée à la fois avec la zone d'extrémité intérieure et aussi avec la zone d'extrémité extérieure du vérin (2).
- Grue selon le préambule de la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lorsque le vérin (2) est fixé à la pièce d'articulation de flèche (3), sont fixés à l'extrémité extérieure de la tige de piston (1) un tube concentrique au vérin (2) ou des guidages parallèles à celui-ci, qui renferment entre eux le vérin (2), et en ce que sont guidés sur le tube ou les guidages (cage) une bague déplaçable ou une pièce coulissante (23) avec une installation de couplage qui peuvent être couplées avec les zones d'extrémité intérieure ou extérieure du tube ou des guidages.
- Grue selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'une installation est prévue qui ramène la bague, la douille ou la pièce coulissante avec l'installation de couplage de la position extérieure dans la position intérieure ou inversement.
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le tube d'enveloppe du vérin ou le tube entourant celui-ci ou les guidages (cage) présentent à leurs zones d'extrémité extérieure et intérieure des collets (11, 12), des saillies ou des creux avec lesquels les bagues, douilles ou pièces coulissantes peuvent être verrouillés relâchablement par exemple par des griffes (10), des boulons ou des verrous.
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les guidages présentent des installations de couplage au moyen desquelles la pièce coulissante (23) peut être reliée relâchablement par des installations de contre-couplage.
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 5, caractérisée en ce que de l'huile hydraulique est amenée au vérin télescopique (36) à travers des perçages de la tige de piston (35), et en ce qu'il est relié au vérin télescopique (36) un vérin auxiliaire (41) dont la tige de piston (42) déplace la bague ou la douille (43).
- Grue selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que de l'huile hydraulique est amenée au vérin auxiliaire (41) par le vérin télescopique (36).
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la tige de piston (42) du vérin auxiliaire (41) présente un perçage (64 à 66) pour l'amenée de l'huile hydraulique à l'installation de couplage (43).
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que l'installation de couplage est commandée de façon que la douille portant celle-ci soit déplaçable relativement au tube d'enveloppe du vérin télescopique ou aux guidages déplaçables avec la tige de piston seulement lorsque le tronçons individuels sont verrouillés les uns aux autres par les boulons (7, 8 ; 44 à 47) soumis à l'action d'un ressort.
- Grue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les unités de couplage sont verrouillées mécaniquement de telle sorte les unes contre les autres qu'il est assuré que les différents tronçons peuvent être déverrouillés les uns relativement aux autres seulement lorsque la bague, la douille ou la pièce coulissante est verrouillée avec le tube d'enveloppe du vérin et que la bague, la douille ou la pièce coulissante est verrouillée sur la pièce d'extrémité respective du tronçon.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29913333U | 1999-07-30 | ||
DE29913333 | 1999-07-30 | ||
DE20003355U | 2000-02-24 | ||
DE20003355U DE20003355U1 (de) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-02-24 | Kran mit einem Teleskopausleger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1072554A1 EP1072554A1 (fr) | 2001-01-31 |
EP1072554B1 true EP1072554B1 (fr) | 2004-03-17 |
Family
ID=26056097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00115005A Expired - Lifetime EP1072554B1 (fr) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-07-21 | Grue à flèche téléscopique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6527131B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1072554B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5044828B2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015027918A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Bras télescopique du type à axe à simple effet, procédé de télescopage de celui-ci, et grue ayant le bras télescopique |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10142847C1 (de) * | 2001-08-29 | 2002-11-21 | Demag Mobile Cranes Gmbh & Co | Teleskopausleger |
DE10164600C2 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-12-11 | Terex Demag Gmbh & Co Kg | Teleskopausleger |
DE10164601C2 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-12-18 | Terex Demag Gmbh & Co Kg | Teleskopausleger |
US7341157B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2008-03-11 | Slobogean Methody W | Enclosed-reeving, live-line boom |
JP5024821B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社加藤製作所 | クレーンのブーム伸縮装置 |
US20110126700A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2011-06-02 | Johannsen Thorkil J | Undercarriage for a telescopic frame |
US7849641B2 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2010-12-14 | Thor Global Enterprises Ltd. | Undercarriage for a telescopic frame |
DE102009006292B4 (de) * | 2009-01-27 | 2015-03-26 | Manitowoc Crane Group France Sas | Verriegelungssystem für Teleskopkranausleger mit verschiebbarer Verriegelungseinheit |
DE102009009944B4 (de) * | 2009-02-20 | 2011-02-24 | Terex-Demag Gmbh | Sicherungs- und Verbolzungseinheit |
DE202010014105U1 (de) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-01-10 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Auslegerelement, Teleskopausleger, Verbolzsystem sowie Baufahrzeug |
DE202010014103U1 (de) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-01-10 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Auslegerelement, Teleskopausleger sowie Baufahrzeug |
EP2465809B1 (fr) | 2010-12-17 | 2014-02-12 | Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS | Système de télescopage pour flèche et flèche auxiliaire |
CN102536948B (zh) * | 2012-01-10 | 2015-01-21 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 一种油缸及具有该油缸的吊臂伸缩***和起重机 |
CN103058077B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-10-28 | 三一重工股份有限公司 | 起重机及其起重臂 |
DE102013011173B4 (de) * | 2013-07-04 | 2019-05-23 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Montage eines Krans sowie Anlenkschuss, Teleskopausleger und Kran |
CN103613007B (zh) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-07-08 | 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 | 起重臂插销结构、起重臂和起重机 |
CN107107838A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-08-29 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | 用于车辆的底盘和驾驶室之间的介质传输的装置 |
US10183847B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-01-22 | Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc | Cylinder retention device |
WO2017086844A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-26 | Saab Ab | Dispositif télescopique et procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif télescopique |
WO2017151021A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | Saab Ab | Agencement d'actionneur de fluide comprenant un élément de levage |
WO2017189439A1 (fr) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | Manitowoc Crane Companies, Llc | Grue dotée d'un mécanisme de verrouillage rotatif |
CN108716496B (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2024-07-09 | 泸州市龙马潭区长江液压件有限公司 | 两级液压油缸的使用方法 |
WO2020162801A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-13 | Saab Ab | Dispositif actionneur comprenant un actionneur de positionnement |
CN111017750A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-17 | 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 | 单缸插销式吊臂、吊臂操作方法和起重机 |
CN111039199B (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-08-13 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 单缸插销式伸缩臂和起重机 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5229389Y1 (fr) * | 1973-02-27 | 1977-07-05 | ||
DE4344795A1 (de) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-06-29 | Liebherr Werk Ehingen | Fahrbarer Kran mit einem Teleskopausleger |
DE19631547B4 (de) * | 1996-07-24 | 2004-05-06 | Terex-Demag Gmbh & Co. Kg | Teleskopausleger, insbesondere für stationäre oder fahrbare Krane |
DE19641193C2 (de) * | 1996-09-24 | 2002-04-25 | Mannesmann Ag | Teleskopausleger, insbesondere für stationäre oder fahrbare Krane |
DE19824671C2 (de) * | 1997-05-28 | 2002-09-19 | Mannesmann Ag | Kran mit einem Teleskopausleger |
DE29824453U1 (de) * | 1997-05-28 | 2001-03-01 | Mannesmann Ag | Kran mit einem Teleskopausleger |
DE19811813B4 (de) * | 1998-03-18 | 2005-11-24 | Grove U.S. LLC (n.d.Ges.d.Staates Delaware) | Seitliche Auslegerverriegelung |
DE19826924A1 (de) * | 1998-06-17 | 1999-12-23 | Grove Us Llc | Auslegerfixierung mit Einstellzylinder |
DE10007773B4 (de) * | 1999-04-29 | 2005-07-21 | Terex-Demag Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kran mit einem Teleskopausleger |
-
2000
- 2000-07-21 EP EP00115005A patent/EP1072554B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-28 JP JP2000228199A patent/JP5044828B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-31 US US09/628,379 patent/US6527131B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015027918A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Bras télescopique du type à axe à simple effet, procédé de télescopage de celui-ci, et grue ayant le bras télescopique |
EP3040304A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-07-06 | Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. | Bras télescopique du type à axe à simple effet, procédé de télescopage de celui-ci, et grue ayant le bras télescopique |
EP3040304A4 (fr) * | 2013-08-27 | 2017-05-10 | Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. | Bras télescopique du type à axe à simple effet, procédé de télescopage de celui-ci, et grue ayant le bras télescopique |
RU2646710C2 (ru) * | 2013-08-27 | 2018-03-06 | Сюйчжоу Хэви Машинери Ко., Лтд. | Одноцилиндровая телескопическая стрела со вставными штифтами, способ ее телескопирования и кран, имеющий телескопическую стрелу |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5044828B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
US6527131B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
EP1072554A1 (fr) | 2001-01-31 |
JP2001080883A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
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