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  • C07D455/03—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine
  • C07D455/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing a quinolizine ring system condensed with only one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. julolidine
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds. More particularly, it relates to novel heterocyclic compounds which are extremely effective in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
• Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid, abbreviation: RA) is an essential substance to the growth and life support of humans and other mammals. It has been known that retinoic acid acts as a morphogenesis factor in ontogenesis and functions variously in the differentiation and proliferation of adults.
• the acid participates in the cornification, formation of hairs, functions of sebaceous glands, and so on with respect to the epidermis, in the metabolism of bones and cartilages with respect to the connective tissues, in the regulation of immune functions with respect to the immune system, in the differentiation of nerve cells with respect to the nervous system, in the differentiation and proliferation of blood cells with respect to the hemic system, and in the secretion of thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormones and so on and the regulation of the functions thereof in target organs, thus taking part in the mineral metabolism and the basal metabolism.
• RARs retinoid receptor
• retinoic acid With respect to retinoic acid, there are not only deficiencies but also excesses thereof such as abnormality in cornification, depilation, metabolic disorder of bones and cartilages, and so on. Further, the abnormality of retinoid receptors has recently been found in acute promyelocytic leukemia, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer and so on, and the participation of retinoic acid in the sideration and evolution thereof has been reported.
• RARs and RXRs are known as retionid receptors, which are members of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily present in cell nuclei.
• Known receptors belonging to this superfamily include estrogen receptors (ER), thyroid hormone receptors (TR), vitamin D 3 receptors (D 3 R) and steroid hormone receptors.
• ER estrogen receptors
• TR thyroid hormone receptors
• D 3 R vitamin D 3 receptors
• RXRs there are ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -subtypes, and the ligand thereof has recently been identified with 9-cis RA.
• RXRs have the physiological property of forming heterodimers together with RXRs, TR, D 3 R or other receptors.
• RXRs act synergistically with their respective inherent ligands to take great part in the expression of the functions of retinoic acid, vitamin D 3 or thyroid hormones through such heterodimers.
• heterocyclic compounds described below exhibit extremely high ability to bind RARs and antagonism against retinoids, thus accomplishing the present invention.
• JP-A-2-240058 discloses heterocyclic compounds which exhibit such a function of agonist and are improved in the adverse reaction due to retinoid excess. However, these compounds are different from the compounds of the present invention in both chemical structure and drug effect.
• the present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds represented by the following formula (2-I) or physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenylalkyl, alkynylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or arylalkyl, or alternatively R 1 and R 2 may be united to form a 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl group which is substituted with a lower alkyl group and may contain sulfur, oxygen, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or NR 3 (wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl); the broken line moiety represents a single bond or a double bond;
• A represents and B represents (wherein R 6 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenylalkyl, alkynylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, lower alk
• the present invention relates also to compounds represented by the general formula (2-II) or (2-III) or physiologically acceptable salts thereof:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenylalkyl, alkynylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or arylalkyl, or alternatively R 1 and R 2 may be united to form a 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl group which is substituted with a lower alkyl group and may contain sulfur, oxygen, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or NR 3 (wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl); the broken line moiety represents a single bond or a double bond; and B is a group represented by the formula: (wherein R 6 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenylalkyl, alkynylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
• lower alkyl used in the above definition for the compounds (2-I) to (2-III) according to the present invention refers to linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, buty, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, isopentyl and neopentyl. Among them, methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl are preferbale.
• lower alkoxy used in the definition of R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 13 refers to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy or the like.
• cycloalkyl used in the defintion of R 6 refers to C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, and examples thereof include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• cycloalkylalkyl used in the defintion of R 6 refers to one derived from the above cycloalkyl, and representative examples thereof include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and cyclohexylethyl.
• bridged cyclic hydrocarbyl refers to adamantyl, adamantylmethyl or the like.
• aryl used in the definition of R 6 , R 9 and R 10 refers to phenyl, naphthyl or the like, which may be substituted with lower alkyl such as methyl or ethyl, halogeno, lower alkoxy, hydroxyl or the like.
• hydroxyaryl used in the definition of R 9 and R 10 refers to a group comprising an aryl group such as phenyl or naphthyl and a hydroxyl group bonded thereto.
• arylalkyl used in the definition of R 6 refers to one derived from the above aryl group. Preferable examples thereof include benzyl and phenethyl.
• the above aryl group may be substituted with lower alkyl such as methyl or ethyl, halogeno, lower alkoxy, hydroxy or the like.
• heteroaryl used in the definition of R 6 refers to a group derived from a heterocycle, and examples thereof include pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidyl, furyl and thienyl.
• heteroarylalkyl used in the defintion of R 6 refers to a group derived from the above heteroaryl, and examples thereof include pyridylmethyl and pyridylethyl.
• lower alkoxyalkyl used in the definition of R 6 refers to a group derived from the above lower alkoxy, examples thereof including methoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxy and ethoxyethoxy.
• R 9 and R 10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded may form a ring which may contain nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
• a ring which may contain nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Examples of such a ring include the following:
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen, alkenylalkyl, alkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or arylalkyl, with the cycloalkyl ring optionally contaning sulfur, oxygen, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or NR 3 (wherein R 3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl); and B is a group represented by the formula: (wherein R 13 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and R 7 is (wherein E is heteroaryl or (wherein R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; and m is an integer of 1 to 3))].
• physiologically acceptable salts refers to conventional nontoxic salts. Examples thereof include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate and phosphate; organic acid salts such as acetate, maleate, oxalate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate and toluenesulfonate; and amino acid salts such as argininate, aspartate and glutamate. Further, some of the carboxylic acid derivatives of the present invention take the form of salts with metals such as Na, K, Ca or Mg, and such salts are also included among the physiologically acceptable salts according to the present invention.
• a diketone represented by the general formula (1) is prepared by reacting the ketone (2) with an acid chloride (3) in the presence of a base. Better results can be attained when lithium diisopropylamide, lithium bistrimethylsilylamide or the like is used as the base.
• the solvent usable for this reaction includes ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane.
• the reaction temperature may range from -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably -78°C to 20°C.
• a pyrazole represented by the general formula (4) is prepared by reacting the diketone (1) with hydrazine hydrate, while a pyrazole represented by the general formula (6) is prepared by reacting the diketone (1) with a mono-substituted hydrazine (5) and removing undesirable isomers from the obtained product by crystallization or column chromatography.
• reaction can proceed without using any catalyst, it may be accelerated by the addition of an acid useful also as a dehydrating agent, with such an acid including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and polyphosphoric acid.
• an acid useful also as a dehydrating agent with such an acid including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and polyphosphoric acid.
• the solvent for the reaction may, in principle, be any one which is unreactive with hydrazine.
• a solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide; and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane.
• the reaction temperature may range from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent.
• a compound represented by the general formula (6) can be prepared by reacting the compound (4) with a halide represented by the general formula (7) in the presence of a base and removing simultaneously formed undesirable isomers from the obtained product by crystallization or column chromatography.
• the base usable in this reaction include alkali metal compounds such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride and potassium hydride; and alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium t-butoxide.
• the solvent usable for the reaction includes dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
• the reaction temperature may range from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent. (in the above reaction scheme, R 1 , R 2 R 6 , R 7 , A and n are each as defined above)
• a compound represented by the general formula (8) is prepared by reacting a ketone represented by the general formula (2) with an aldehyde represented by the general formula (9) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a base to form an alcohol (10), and dehydrating this alcohol in the presence of an acid.
• the base to be used in the preparation of the alcohol (10) is preferably alkali hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
• the solvent to be used therein includes methanol, ethanol, propanol, tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide.
• the reaction temperature may range from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably from 20°C to 40°C.
• the acid to be used in the above dehydration includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluene-sulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid.
• the solvent to be used therein includes ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
• the reaction temperature may range from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent.
• the compound (8) can be converted into a compound (11) by reacting the compound (8) with a catalytic amount of a base in a solvent comprising nitromethane (and, if necessary, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol or the like, when the compound is difficultly soluble).
• the base to be used in this reaction includes N-benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine.
• the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably from 0°C to room temperature.
• a ketal represented by the general formula (12) is prepared by converting the compound (11) into a ⁇ -ketoaldehyde through the Nef reaction (Chem. Rev., 55 , 137 (1955)) and converting this ketoaldehyde into a ketal.
• the conversion into a ketal can be attained by adding a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to methanol and adding the ⁇ -ketoaldehyde to the obtained mixture.
• the reaction temperature may range from -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably from -40°C to room temperature.
• a pyrrole (13) is prepared by reacting the dimethyl ketal (12) with a primary amine represented by the general formula R 6 -NH 2 .
• the solvent to be used in this reaction may be any one inert to the reaction.
• a solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
• the above reaction can proceed in such a solvent with which an acid is coexistent.
• the acid to be used is preferably one useful also as a dehydrating agent, and examples of such an acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid and polyphosphoric acid.
• the dimethyl ketal (12) can be converted also into a furan (14) by reating the with an acid.
• Sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid or the like is used as the acid, and the reaction is conducted at 0 to 100°C.
• a thiophene (15) can be obtained by reacting the ketal (12) with a sulfide such as phosphorus pentasulfide or hydrogen sulfide.
• the solvent to be used in this reaction includes aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and pyridine, while the reaction temperature may range from 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably from 50°C to the boiling point of the solvent.
• retinoic acid receptor retinoic acid receptor: RAR
• RAR retinoic acid receptor
• the nuclear extract fraction was prepared as follows.
• HL60 cells (5 ⁇ 10 8 ) were suspended in 15 ml of solution A (sodium phosphate (pH7.4): 5 mM, monothioglycerol: 10 mM, glycerol: 10% (v/v), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF): 1 mM, aprotinin: 10 ⁇ g/ml, and leupeptin: 25 ⁇ g/ml).
• solution A sodium phosphate (pH7.4): 5 mM
• monothioglycerol 10 mM
• glycerol 10% (v/v)
• PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
• aprotinin 10 ⁇ g/ml
• leupeptin 25 ⁇ g/ml
• the sediment thus formed was suspended in 15 ml of solution B (Tris-HCl(pH8.5): 10 mM, monothioglycerol: 10 mM, glycerol: 10% (v/v), PMSF: 1 mM, aprotinin: 10 ⁇ g/ml, leupeptin: 25 ⁇ g/ml, and KCl: 0.8 M).
• the obtained suspension was allowed to stand at 4°C for one hour, and subjected to ultracentrifugation (100,000 ⁇ g, 4°C, 1 hr).
• the obtained supernatant was stored as the nuclear extract fraction in a frozen state at -80°C until the use (METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, 189 , 248).
• the receptor binding assay was conducted as follows.
• HL60 cells were cultured and maintained in a medium prepared by adding 10% of inactivated fetal bovine serum, 1 mM of sodium pyridinecarboxylate, 50 ⁇ M of ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 100 IU/ml of penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml of streptomycin to RPMI1640 (culture medium formulated by Rosewell Park Memorial Institute).
• An HL60 cell suspension (1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ ml) was put in a 48-well plate in an amount of one ml per unit well, followed by the addition of all-trans retinoic acid in a concentration of 10 mM and a retinoid antagonist in various concentrations.
• the resulting mixtures were cultured in a 5% CO 2 -air incubator for 5 days.
• the cells in each well was recovered into a test tube, followed by the addition of an FITC-labeled monoclonal antibody against CD11b (which is a specific antigen against glanulocytes and monocytes).
• the resulting cell suspension was fixed with 0.2% paraformaldehyde.
• the fixed cell suspension thus obtained was examined for the content of CD11b-positive cells in the HL60 cell population of each well by flow cytometry (Miller, LJ., Schwarting, R., and Springer, TA., J. Immunol. 137 , 2891-2900 (1986)).
• the compounds which will be described below lowered the content of CD11b-positive cells induced by 10 nM all-trans retinoic acid dependently on the concentration.
• the 50% inhibitory concentration of each test compound was calculated and the results are given in Table 1.
• the compounds of the present invention have an extremely high ability to bind RARs and an antagonism against all-trans retinoic acid. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention can be expected to be efficacious against the following diseases:
• the compounds of the present invention may be orally administered as preventive or therapeutic agents for these diseases in the form of tablet.
• compositions for oral or parenteral administration according to the present invention can be formulated by the use of conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers in a conventional manner.
• Subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injections or dropping injections according to the present invention can be formulated by conventional processes of adding a pH regulator, buffer, stabilizer or solubilizing agent to a base at need and, if necessary, freeze-drying the obtained mixture.
• the Examples 201 to 214 relate to compounds according to the present invention.
• This oil was dissolved in a solvent mixture comprising 15 ml of methylene chloride and 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 1.5 ml of a 28% solution of sodium methoxide was added to the solution at -35°C, followed by the stirring for 40 minutes.
• This solution was dropped into a separately prepared solvent mixture comprising 4 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 20 ml of methanol at -35°C.
• the obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
• the obtained mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was washed with water and a saturated aqueous solution of common salt, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum to give 1.24 g of the title compound as a brown powder. This powder was used in the subsequent step without further purification.
• This powder was dissolved in 15 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 5 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture under stirring to precipitate crystals. The crystals were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 0.1 g of the title compound as a light-brown solid.
• Example 202 The compound of Example 202 was prepared in a similar manner to that described in Example 201.
• This powder was dissolved in 15 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 5 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour, followed by the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid under stirring. The crystals thus precipitated were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 0.13 g of the title compound as a white solid.
• Example 204 The compound of Example 204 was prepared in a similar manner to that described in Example 203.
• methyl 4-(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-6,6,9,9-tetramethyl-1(2H)-phenazinon-2-ylidene)benzoate was dissolved in a solvent mixture comprising 7 ml of nitromethane and 3 ml of tetrahydrofuran, followed by the addition of 0.3 ml of a 40% methanolic solution of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, followed by the addition of ethyl acetate.
• the formed organic phase was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, water, a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and a saturated aqueous solution of common salt successively, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in a vacuum to give 0.74 g of a light-brown oil.
• This oil was dissolved in a solvent mixture comprising 15 ml of methylene chloride and 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran. 0.78 ml of a 28% solution of sodium methoxide was added to the solution at -35°C, followed by the stirring for 40 minutes.
• This solution was dropped into a separately prepared solvent mixture comprising 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 10 ml of methanol at -35°C.
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and poured into a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was washed with water and a saturated aqueous solution of common salt, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum to give 0.7 g of the title compound as a brown powder. This powder was used in the subsequent step without further purification.
• This powder was dissolved in 15 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 5 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was heated at 60°C for one hour and cooled to room temperature by allowing to stand, followed by the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid under stirring. The crystals thus precipitated were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 0.1 g of the title compound as a pale-yellow solid.
• Example 206 the compounds of Examples 206 to 212 were prepared by the use of the ketones prepared in Referential Examples 2 and 3 and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-9,9-dimethylöthianaphtho[2,3-b]cyclohexan-1-one prepared in a similar manner to that described in Referential Example 3.
• a solution of 0.2 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide in 1 ml of methylene chloride was dropped into a solution of 0.124 ml of oxalyl chloride in 10 ml of methylene chloride cooled to -60°C, followed by the stirring for 5 minutes.
• a solution of 0.5g of methyl 4-[(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-6,6,9,9-tetramethyl-1(2H)-phenazinon-2-yl)hydroxymethyl]benzoate in 10 ml of methylene chloride was dropped into the solution prepared above. The obtained mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, followed by the dropwise addition of 0.954 ml of triethylamine.
• the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to room temperature.
• the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of water.
• the obtained mixture was extracted with methylene chloride.
• the organic phase was washed with water and a saturated aqueous solution of common salt, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum.
• the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (developer: 5% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give 0.248 g of the title compound as a pale-yellow oil.
• This powder was dissolved in 15 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 5 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, followed by the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid under stirring. The crystals thus precipitated were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 0.1 g of the title compound as a white solid.
• Example 212 The compounds of Examples 212 and 213 were prepared in a similar manner to that described in Example 211.
• This powder was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 5 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained mixture was stirred under heating at 60°C for one hour and cooled by allowing to stand. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to the resulting reaction mixture under stirring to precipitate crystals. The crystals were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 0.03 g of the title compound as a pale-yellow solid.
• This oil was dissolved in 70 ml of acetic acid, followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of 18 g of chromic acid anhydride in acetic acid (70 ml)/water (9 ml) at 10°C. The obtained mixture was brought to room temperature, stirred for 3 hours, and poured into 2 l of water to precipitate crystals. The crystals were recovered by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum to give 19.5 g of the title compound as a yellow solid.
• the organic phase was washed with water, a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and a saturated aqueous solution of common salt successively, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in a vacuum.
• the obtained residue was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol, followed by the addition of 50 ml of a 5N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
• the obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by the addition of ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of common salt, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and distilled in a vacuum to remove the solvent.
• the obtained solid residue was washed with n-hexane to give 12.6 g of a white solid.
• This solid was suspended in 150 ml of diethylene glycol, followed by the addition of 8.6 g of sodium hydroxide and 6.4 g of hydrazine monohydrate.
• the obtained mixture was vigorously stirred at 180°C in a nitrogen stream for 4 hours, cooled by allowing to stand, and poured into cooled dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by the extraction with 200 ml of ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of common salt, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in a vacuum to give 10.4 g of a yellow oil.

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