EP1010817A1 - Foundation block - Google Patents

Foundation block Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1010817A1
EP1010817A1 EP99460067A EP99460067A EP1010817A1 EP 1010817 A1 EP1010817 A1 EP 1010817A1 EP 99460067 A EP99460067 A EP 99460067A EP 99460067 A EP99460067 A EP 99460067A EP 1010817 A1 EP1010817 A1 EP 1010817A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
block according
elements
central
central element
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Granted
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EP99460067A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1010817B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Oblin
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Oblin Jean-Pierre En Vertical Bloc
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/08—Reinforcements for flat foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/02—Flat foundations without substantial excavation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foundation block.
  • Such a block is intended to be placed on a clean concrete, at the bottom a trench delimiting the foundations of a building to be constructed, before pouring concrete into it.
  • the height of concrete at the bottom of the trench is determined by placing stakes in this trench beforehand. Their summit must coincide with the upper surface of the concrete thickness.
  • Metal reinforcements are also put in place horizontally in the trenches, before pouring the concrete.
  • such a block In an application where such a block is associated with at least one second block of the same type, it can then serve as a support element for a prefabricated wall in the workshop, which can then be set up by one and the same operation on site.
  • this block includes a central and main element transversely bordered by secondary elements identical of lesser height, these central and secondary elements having longitudinally the same dimension as its underside, common to all of the elements, is flat and parallel to the upper face of the central element, that the secondary elements have at least one longitudinal groove opening onto their upper face, with an axis parallel to said sub-face and adapted to receive a reinforcing iron, and that the upper face of the central element serves in particular to mark to delimit the upper level of the concrete in the trench.
  • the upper face of the central element will notably serve as a benchmark to delimit the level top of concrete poured into foundation trenches. It is also on this upper side which certain building elements such as only concrete blocks.
  • the upper face 20 of the main element is flat and extends parallel to its underside 21 which is moreover common to all of the elements 2 and 3.
  • the vertical and transverse faces 22 of the element 2 are also located in the same plane as the corresponding faces of the secondary elements 3.
  • elements 2 and 3 are preferably provided with recesses 24, respectively 32, which extend longitudinally and open out at the transverse vertical faces of the block.
  • One of the two parts 200 which constitute the upper face 30 of element 2 is provided with a projection 26 forming a stop.
  • This projection extends along from its outer longitudinal edge and one of its ends is aligned with the edge transverse correspondent. Its longitudinal face 260 opposite the edges of the part 200 extends perpendicular to the face 20, that is to say vertically in the present case.
  • one of the vertical transverse faces 22 of the element 2 is provided with a groove 27 with a vertical axis. One of its longitudinal edges is aligned with the longitudinal face 260 of the projection 26.
  • a foundation trench 4 has been shown, the substantially horizontal bottom of which is referenced 40, while its banks are referenced 41.
  • On the bottom 40 has been spread a thin layer of cleanliness concrete C , whose function is to isolate the bottom of the trench from the blocks 1.
  • the horizontality of this layer of concrete will preferably have been checked using a mason's level.
  • blocks 1 In this trench are arranged at regular intervals blocks 1 such as those previously described. These blocks are arranged in alignment with each other, perpendicular to the axis of the trench, and are centered relative to on the banks 41.
  • FIG. 5 the method has been illustrated by which it is possible, thanks to the block of the invention, identify the alignment of the outer edge of the walls to be erected.
  • an assembly of posts D 1 and crosspieces D 2 is constructed in the angles of the trenches which materializes in the angles of the foundations, "L" barriers.
  • On the wings of this barrier are fixed cords H which aim to materialize the outer limit of the wall to be raised.
  • projections 26 emerge at the foundation concrete surface. These projections constitute as many visual cues the along which we will be able to align the blocks, in particular the concrete blocks, necessary at the erection of the construction walls.
  • Two blocks 1 according to the invention extend over the bottom 40 of a wings of the trench, while two blocks of the same type extend on the bottom on the other wing.
  • this other use consists in making them fill a support function for prefabricated wall elements.
  • a thin rectangular plate 53 is pressed against the outer face of one of the boards 51 and its height is such that it overflows slightly above the upper plane of the plate 52. As will be seen more far this plate 53 is intended to serve as an alignment stop for blocks of construction.
  • reinforcing bars J are put in place in certain holes 520 of the plate 52.
  • the other holes 520 which do not receive irons are then closed for example using an adhesive material.
  • FIG. 11 a series of blocks has been shown here in which a large number of irons J have been put in place, the hollow spaces of the blocks having been filled with liquid concrete B.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Abstract

The foundation block (1) is designed to be laid on a base layer of concrete in a foundation trench before the foundation concrete is poured. It is made from moulded concrete and has a main central section (2) and two lower side sections (3), all having the same flat base (21). The side sections have grooves (33) across their upper surfaces to receive reinforcing rods laid from one block to another in the trench, and the central block has a marker projection (26) to set the level for the concrete poured into the trench over the blocks. The central and side sections can have cavities (24, 32), and the block can be divided along the line of a central groove (25).

Description

La présente invention concerne un bloc de fondation.The present invention relates to a foundation block.

Un tel bloc est destiné à être placé sur un béton de propreté, au fond d'une tranchée délimitant les fondations d'un bâtiment à construire, avant le coulage de béton dans celle-ci.Such a block is intended to be placed on a clean concrete, at the bottom a trench delimiting the foundations of a building to be constructed, before pouring concrete into it.

Les opérations de coulage de béton dans les tranchées de fondation prévues à cet effet, et de mise en place d'armatures métalliques verticales et horizontales sont, jusqu'ici, réalisées de manière empirique.Concrete pouring operations in foundation trenches provided for this purpose, and the installation of vertical metal frames and horizontal have so far been carried out empirically.

Ainsi, pour repérer la délimitation des angles d'un bâtiment à construire, il est bien connu d'emménager, dans les angles correspondants de la tranchée de fondation, une série de barrières affectant en vue de dessus la forme d'un "L", sur les ailes duquel sont tendus horizontalement des cordeaux. Le croisement à 90° de ces cordeaux matérialise l'angle du bâtiment.Thus, to locate the delimitation of the angles of a building to to build, it is well known to move in, in the corresponding angles of the foundation trench, a series of barriers affecting the shape from above an "L", on the wings of which strings are stretched horizontally. The 90 ° crossing of these cords materializes the angle of the building.

Dans ces angles sont traditionnellement plantées des armatures verticales métalliques destinées à renforcer la structure. Jusqu'ici, ces armatures sont plantées dans le béton fraíchement coulé dans les tranchées. Or, dans la pratique, il s'avère que ces armatures sont plantées au jugé et ne sont pas strictement verticales, de sorte qu'il est nécessaire, une fois que le béton a opéré sa prise, de rectifier manuellement leur verticalité en les tordant manuellement.In these angles are traditionally planted frames vertical metal intended to reinforce the structure. So far, these frames are planted in freshly poured concrete in the trenches. Now in the practical, it turns out that these frames are planted on trial and are not strictly vertical, so that it is necessary, once the concrete has operated its taken, to manually correct their verticality by twisting them manually.

Par ailleurs, la hauteur de béton en fond de tranchée est déterminée par la mise en place préalable de piquets dans cette tranchée. Leur sommet doit coïncider avec la surface supérieure de l'épaisseur du béton.In addition, the height of concrete at the bottom of the trench is determined by placing stakes in this trench beforehand. Their summit must coincide with the upper surface of the concrete thickness.

La répartition uniforme du béton est obtenue en faisant glisser une longue règle métallique sur celui-ci, en prenant pour repère le sommet des piquets.The uniform distribution of the concrete is obtained by sliding a long metal ruler on it, taking as a reference the top of the stakes.

L'horizontalité de la couche de béton est très importante puisque c'est elle qui détermine également l'horizontalité des parpaings qu'elle est destinée à recevoir. Or, un simple défaut d'alignement entre les sommets des piquets suffit à compromettre cette horizontalité.The horizontality of the concrete layer is very important since it is it which also determines the horizontality of the concrete blocks it is intended for to receive. However, a simple misalignment between the tops of the stakes is sufficient to compromise this horizontality.

Des armatures métalliques sont par ailleurs mises en place horizontalement dans les tranchées, avant coulage du béton.Metal reinforcements are also put in place horizontally in the trenches, before pouring the concrete.

Là encore, leur répartition est relativement aléatoire. Même si des précautions sont prises pour qu'elles se situent dans l'axe des tranchées, ce n'est pas toujours le cas en pratique. Again, their distribution is relatively random. Even if precautions are taken so that they lie in the axis of the trenches, it is not always the case in practice.

Tous ces aléas se traduisent par la réalisation de fondations dont les caractéristiques ne sont pas uniformes, ce qui peut avoir des conséquence gênantes sur le plan de leur résistance et leur stabilité ultérieures.All these hazards are reflected in the creation of foundations, the characteristics are not uniform, which can have annoying consequences in terms of their subsequent strength and stability.

La présente invention a essentiellement pour but de rationaliser ces pratiques en proposant un bloc de fondation qui permette d'assurer correctement toutes les opérations décrites ci-dessus.The main object of the present invention is to rationalize these practical by proposing a foundation block which allows to ensure correctly all the operations described above.

Plus précisément, elle a pour but de proposer un bloc de fondation constituant un outil de repérage, qui permette d'effectuer sans difficultés les opérations d'alignement d'armature ou de mise à niveau du béton coulé dans les tranchées de fondation, sans aucune approximation ou tâtonnement, comme cela peut être le cas jusqu'à maintenant.More specifically, it aims to offer a foundation block constituting a locating tool, which makes it possible to carry out without difficulty the reinforcement alignment operations or leveling of concrete poured into foundation trenches, without any approximation or trial and error, like this may be the case so far.

Dans une application où un tel bloc est associé à au moins un second bloc du même type, il peut alors servir d'élément d'appui pour un mur préfabriqué en atelier, qu'il est alors possible de mettre en place par une seule et même opération sur le chantier.In an application where such a block is associated with at least one second block of the same type, it can then serve as a support element for a prefabricated wall in the workshop, which can then be set up by one and the same operation on site.

Ces objectifs sont atteints par le fait que ce bloc comporte un élément central et principal bordé transversalement d'éléments secondaires identiques de moindre hauteur, ces éléments central et secondaires présentant longitudinalement la même dimension, que sa sous-face, commune à l'ensemble des éléments, est plane et parallèle à la face supérieure de l'élément central, que les éléments secondaires présentent au moins une rainure longitudinale débouchant sur leur face supérieure, d'axe parallèle à ladite sous-face et adaptée pour recevoir un fer d'armature, et que la face supérieure de l'élément central sert notamment de repère pour délimiter le niveau supérieur du béton dans la tranchée.These objectives are achieved by the fact that this block includes a central and main element transversely bordered by secondary elements identical of lesser height, these central and secondary elements having longitudinally the same dimension as its underside, common to all of the elements, is flat and parallel to the upper face of the central element, that the secondary elements have at least one longitudinal groove opening onto their upper face, with an axis parallel to said sub-face and adapted to receive a reinforcing iron, and that the upper face of the central element serves in particular to mark to delimit the upper level of the concrete in the trench.

Ainsi, dans la mesure où le bloc est posé horizontalement sur un béton de propreté par sa sous-face, la face supérieure de l'élément central, également horizontale, va notamment servir de repère pour délimiter le niveau supérieur du béton coulé dans les tranchées de fondation. C'est également sur cette face supérieure que pourront prendre appui certains éléments de construction tels que des parpaings.So, since the block is placed horizontally on a concrete of cleanliness by its underside, the upper face of the central element, also horizontal, will notably serve as a benchmark to delimit the level top of concrete poured into foundation trenches. It is also on this upper side which certain building elements such as only concrete blocks.

Par ailleurs, la présence sur les éléments secondaires d'au moins une rainure longitudinale d'axe parallèle à ladite sous-face, va permettre de réaliser un placement régulier et uniforme de fers d'armature horizontaux le long des tranchées.Furthermore, the presence on the secondary elements of at least one longitudinal groove with an axis parallel to said underside, will make it possible to produce a regular and uniform placement of horizontal reinforcing bars along the trenches.

Par ailleurs selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses mais non limitatives de ce bloc :

  • il est réalisé en béton moulé ;
  • les éléments central et secondaires s'inscrivent chacun dans un parallélépipède rectangle ;
  • l'élément central et/ou les éléments secondaires est (sont) partiellement évidé (s) ;
  • ledit élément central est partiellement partagé en deux parties par une gorge longitudinale médiane qui débouche sur sa face supérieure, et dont l'axe est parallèle à ladite sous-face ;
  • le bloc présente une forme symétrique par rapport au plan de ladite gorge ;
  • la face supérieure dudit élément central présente une saillie formant butée, qui s'étend longitudinalement le long d'un de ses bords longitudinaux ;
  • une des faces transversales verticales de l'élément central présente une rainure ;
  • l'un des bords de ladite rainure est aligné avec le bord correspondant de ladite saillie.
Furthermore, according to other advantageous but non-limiting characteristics of this block:
  • it is made of molded concrete;
  • the central and secondary elements are each part of a rectangular parallelepiped;
  • the central element and / or the secondary elements is (are) partially hollowed out;
  • said central element is partially divided into two parts by a median longitudinal groove which opens on its upper face, and whose axis is parallel to said underside;
  • the block has a symmetrical shape relative to the plane of said groove;
  • the upper face of said central element has a projection forming a stop, which extends longitudinally along one of its longitudinal edges;
  • one of the vertical transverse faces of the central element has a groove;
  • one of the edges of said groove is aligned with the corresponding edge of said projection.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation mais non limitatif. Cette description sera faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc conforme à l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont respectivement des vues de dessus et de face du bloc de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective de deux blocs en place dans une tranchée de fondations d'un bâtiment, ces blocs recevant longitudinalement des fers d'armature horizontaux ;
  • la figure 5 est un schéma destiné à expliquer comment, grâce au bloc de l'invention, on détermine aisément la côte d'alignement extérieur des éléments de construction qui seront amenés à prendre appui sur le bloc ;
  • la figure 6 est un schéma montrant comment s'opère la répartition du béton à l'intérieur de la tranchée de fondation ;
  • la figure 7 est un schéma destiné à illustrer la méthode de repérage et d'implantation de fers d'armature verticale, dans les angles de la construction à bâtir ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif servant à la fabrication d'un ensemble préfabriqué de construction ;
  • les figures 9 à 11 illustrent en perspective, les différentes phases de construction de cet ensemble ;
  • la figure 12 est un schéma en bout d'un tel ensemble, en place sur un bloc selon l'invention, lui-même placé dans une tranchée de fondation.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows of an embodiment but not limiting. This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a block according to the invention;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are respectively top and front views of the block of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of two blocks in place in a foundation trench of a building, these blocks receiving longitudinally horizontal reinforcing bars;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram intended to explain how, thanks to the block of the invention, it is easy to determine the outside alignment dimension of the construction elements which will be brought to bear on the block;
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing how the concrete is distributed inside the foundation trench;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram intended to illustrate the method of locating and installing vertical reinforcing bars, in the corners of the construction to be built;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a device for manufacturing a prefabricated building assembly;
  • Figures 9 to 11 illustrate in perspective, the different phases of construction of this assembly;
  • Figure 12 is a diagram at the end of such an assembly, in place on a block according to the invention, itself placed in a foundation trench.

Le bloc de fondation conforme à l'invention et représenté sur les figures annexées est de préférence réalisé en béton moulé. Dans une autre forme de réalisation, il peut cependant être fabriqué en un autre type de matériau analogue ayant une forte résistance à l'écrasement.The foundation block according to the invention and shown in the attached figures is preferably made of molded concrete. In another form of realization, it can however be made of another type of similar material having a strong resistance to crushing.

Ce bloc est essentiellement constitué d'un élément central et principal 2, bordé transversalement d'éléments secondaires identiques 3 de moindre hauteur. Ces trois éléments s'inscrivent chacun dans un parallélipède rectangle.This block essentially consists of a central element and main 2, transversely bordered by identical secondary elements 3 of lesser height. These three elements are each part of a rectangular parallelepiped.

La face supérieure 20 de l'élément principal est plane et s'étend parallèlement à sa sous-face 21 qui est d'ailleurs commune à l'ensemble des éléments 2 et 3. En d'autres termes, lorsque le bloc est posé sur un support plan, c'est l'ensemble des éléments 2 et 3 qui repose sur ce support par la sous-face 21. Les faces verticales et transversales 22 de l'élément 2 se situent également dans le même plan que les faces correspondantes des éléments secondaires 3.The upper face 20 of the main element is flat and extends parallel to its underside 21 which is moreover common to all of the elements 2 and 3. In other words, when the block is placed on a flat support, it is the set of elements 2 and 3 which rests on this support by the underside 21. The vertical and transverse faces 22 of the element 2 are also located in the same plane as the corresponding faces of the secondary elements 3.

Quant aux faces verticales longitudinales 23 de l'élément 2, leur partie inférieure débouche sur la face horizontale 30 supérieure des éléments 3.As for the longitudinal vertical faces 23 of the element 2, their lower part opens onto the upper horizontal face 30 of the elements 3.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée ici, les éléments 2 et 3 sont préférentiellement pourvus d'évidements 24, respectivement 32, qui s'étendent longitudinalement et débouchent au niveau des faces verticales transversales du bloc.In the embodiment shown here, elements 2 and 3 are preferably provided with recesses 24, respectively 32, which extend longitudinally and open out at the transverse vertical faces of the block.

L'élément central 2 est partiellement partagé en deux parties 200 par une gorge 25 médiane et longitudinale qui débouche à la fois sur sa face supérieure 20 et ses faces verticales transversales 22. L'axe de cette gorge s'étend parallèlement à la sous-face 21, c'est à dire horizontalement dans le présent cas de figure. Le fond de gorge, prévu préférentiellement semi cylindrique, s'étend sensiblement à mi-hauteur de l'élément 2, ce qui correspond sensiblement au niveau de la face supérieure des éléments 3.The central element 2 is partially divided into two parts 200 by a median and longitudinal groove 25 which opens at the same time on its upper face 20 and its transverse vertical faces 22. The axis of this groove extends parallel to the underside 21, that is to say horizontally in the present case of figure. The bottom of the groove, preferably provided semi-cylindrical, extends substantially halfway up the element 2, which corresponds substantially to the level of the upper side of the elements 3.

L'une des deux parties 200 qui constituent la face supérieure 30 de l'élément 2 est pourvue d'une saillie 26 formant butée. Cette saillie s'étend le long de son bord longitudinal externe et l'une de ses extrémités est alignée sur le bord correspondant transversal. Sa face longitudinale 260 opposée aux bords de la partie 200 s'étend perpendiculairement à la face 20, c'est à dire verticalement dans le présent cas de figure.One of the two parts 200 which constitute the upper face 30 of element 2 is provided with a projection 26 forming a stop. This projection extends along from its outer longitudinal edge and one of its ends is aligned with the edge transverse correspondent. Its longitudinal face 260 opposite the edges of the part 200 extends perpendicular to the face 20, that is to say vertically in the present case.

Enfin, l'une des faces transversales verticales 22 de l'élément 2 est pourvue d'une rainure 27 d'axe vertical. L'un de ses bords longitudinaux est aligné avec la face longitudinale 260 de la saillie 26.Finally, one of the vertical transverse faces 22 of the element 2 is provided with a groove 27 with a vertical axis. One of its longitudinal edges is aligned with the longitudinal face 260 of the projection 26.

Dans la face supérieure des éléments secondaires 3 est prévue une série de rainures parallèles et longitudinales 33 dont on expliquera plus loin la fonction. Dans le cas présent il y a quatre rainures par élément, mais dans un exemple de réalisation différent, ce nombre pourrait être inférieur ou supérieur.In the upper face of the secondary elements 3 is provided a series of parallel and longitudinal grooves 33 which will be explained below function. In this case there are four grooves per element, but in a example of a different embodiment, this number could be lower or higher.

Nous allons maintenant expliquer, en référence aux figures 4 à 7, une première utilisation possible d'un bloc 1 conforme à l'invention.We will now explain, with reference to Figures 4 to 7, a first possible use of a block 1 according to the invention.

Ainsi, en référence à la figure 4, on a représenté une tranchée 4 de fondation, dont le fond sensiblement horizontal est référencé 40, tandis que ses rives sont référencées 41. Sur le fond 40 a été répandu une couche peu épaisse de béton de propreté C, dont la fonction est d'isoler le fond de la tranchée des blocs 1. L'horizontalité de cette couche de béton aura de préférence été vérifiée à l'aide d'un niveau de maçon.Thus, with reference to FIG. 4, a foundation trench 4 has been shown, the substantially horizontal bottom of which is referenced 40, while its banks are referenced 41. On the bottom 40 has been spread a thin layer of cleanliness concrete C , whose function is to isolate the bottom of the trench from the blocks 1. The horizontality of this layer of concrete will preferably have been checked using a mason's level.

Dans cette tranchée sont disposés à intervalles réguliers des blocs 1 tels que ceux précédemment décrits. Ces blocs sont disposés dans l'alignement les uns les autres, perpendiculairement à l'axe de la tranchée, et sont centrés par rapport aux rives 41.In this trench are arranged at regular intervals blocks 1 such as those previously described. These blocks are arranged in alignment with each other, perpendicular to the axis of the trench, and are centered relative to on the banks 41.

Ainsi, comme le montre très nettement cette figure, il est possible de mettre en place dans les rainures 33 des différents blocs 1 alignés, des fers d'armature F1 et F3. Leur disposition est dictée par celle des rainures 33. Par conséquent, dès lors que les blocs ont été correctement diposés en fond de tranchées, on est sûr que les fers d'armature s'étendent strictement longitudinalement dans l'axe des tranchées. De plus, leur écartement par rapport au fond de celle-ci est réglée par la hauteur des éléments 3. Un fer F2 supplémentaire complète ce réseau d'armatures. Il est mis en place au fond de la gorge 25 des éléments centraux 2.Thus, as this figure very clearly shows, it is possible to install in the grooves 33 different aligned blocks 1, reinforcing bars F 1 and F 3 . Their arrangement is dictated by that of the grooves 33. Consequently, as soon as the blocks have been correctly placed at the bottom of the trenches, it is certain that the reinforcing bars extend strictly longitudinally in the axis of the trenches. In addition, their spacing relative to the bottom thereof is adjusted by the height of the elements 3. An additional F 2 iron completes this network of reinforcements. It is placed at the bottom of the groove 25 of the central elements 2.

Ainsi, on constitue un réseau uniforme d'armatures horizontales, dont l'écartement par rapport au fond de tranchée est réglé une fois pour toute, et dont l'alignement en direction longitudinale est toujours correctement fait. De cette manière, lorsque cet ensemble sera recouvert de béton, on aura alors affaire à des fondations de caractéristiques uniformes tout autour du bâtiment à construire. Thus, we form a uniform network of horizontal reinforcements, whose distance from the bottom of the trench is set once and for all, and whose alignment in the longitudinal direction is always correctly done. Of this way, when this set is covered with concrete, we will then be dealing with foundations of uniform characteristics all around the building to be constructed.

A la figure 5, on a illustré la méthode selon laquelle on peut, grâce au bloc de l'invention, repérer l'alignement du bord extérieur des murs à ériger.In FIG. 5, the method has been illustrated by which it is possible, thanks to the block of the invention, identify the alignment of the outer edge of the walls to be erected.

Pour ce faire, on construit dans les angles des tranchées un assemblage de poteaux D1 et de traverses D2 qui matérialise dans les angles des fondations, des barrières en "L". Sur les ailes de cette barrière sont fixés des cordeaux H qui ont pour but de matérialiser la limite extérieure du mur à élever.To do this, an assembly of posts D 1 and crosspieces D 2 is constructed in the angles of the trenches which materializes in the angles of the foundations, "L" barriers. On the wings of this barrier are fixed cords H which aim to materialize the outer limit of the wall to be raised.

Comme le montre la figure 5, il suffit donc de prendre appui à l'aide d'une tige G contre l'un de ces cordeaux et d'engager son extrémité inférieure dans la gorge 27 d'un bloc 1. Dans la mesure où cette dernière est alignée avec le bord vertical de la saillie 26, celle-ci va constituer un repère qui délimitera le rebord extérieur du mur à ériger.As shown in FIG. 5, it suffices therefore to bear with the aid of a rod G against one of these cords and to engage its lower end in the groove 27 of a block 1. Insofar as the latter is aligned with the vertical edge of the projection 26, this will constitute a mark which will delimit the outer edge of the wall to be erected.

Une fois que ces différentes opérations ont été effectuées, on peut alors couler du béton dans l'ensemble de la tranchée 4. En vue d'assurer la planéité de sa surface supérieure, il suffit d'utiliser une règle R1 et de prendre appui avec celle-ci sur la face supérieure de deux blocs 1 conformes à l'invention, comme le montre la figure 6.Once these various operations have been carried out, concrete can then be poured into the whole of trench 4. In order to ensure the flatness of its upper surface, it suffices to use a rule R 1 and to take support with the latter on the upper face of two blocks 1 according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 6.

En faisant coulisser horizontalement la règle par rapport aux faces supérieures des blocs, on règle une bonne fois pour toute la hauteur de la surface supérieure du béton.By sliding the ruler horizontally in relation to the faces upper blocks, we adjust once for all the height of the surface concrete top.

Il est à noter que le béton coulé dans la tranchée s'écoule bien entendu jusqu'à l'intérieur des évidements 24 et 32 des blocs, ce qui assure un très bon ancrage de ceux-ci dans la chape de béton.It should be noted that the concrete poured into the trench flows well heard up to the interior of the recesses 24 and 32 of the blocks, which ensures a very good anchoring of these in the concrete screed.

Une fois cette opération effectuée, seules les saillies 26 émergent à la surface du béton de fondation. Ces saillies constituent autant de repères visuels le long desquels on va pouvoir aligner les blocs, notamment les parpaings, nécessaires à l'érigement des murs de la construction.Once this operation has been carried out, only the projections 26 emerge at the foundation concrete surface. These projections constitute as many visual cues the along which we will be able to align the blocks, in particular the concrete blocks, necessary at the erection of the construction walls.

Nous allons maintenant expliquer, plus particulièrement à la figure 7, la façon dont on met en place des fers d'armature verticale dans les angles de tranchée de fondations.We will now explain, more particularly in Figure 7, the way we put vertical reinforcing bars in the corners of foundation trench.

Ainsi, est représentée à la figure 7 une tranchée dont les deux ailes forment entre elles un angle droit, ce qui correspondra lorsque le bâtiment sera érigé, à un angle de mur.Thus, is shown in Figure 7 a trench whose two wings form a right angle between them, which will correspond when the building is erected, at a corner of the wall.

Deux blocs 1 conformes à l'invention s'étendent sur le fond 40 d'une des ailes de la tranchée, tandis que deux blocs du même type s'étendent sur le fond de l'autre aile. Two blocks 1 according to the invention extend over the bottom 40 of a wings of the trench, while two blocks of the same type extend on the bottom on the other wing.

On supposera que l'opération de coulage de béton de la figure 6 a été effectuée, et que ce dernier n'a pas encore effectué sa prise. Contrairement à ce qui apparaít à la figure 7, seules les surfaces supérieures des blocs et leurs saillies 26 sont normalement visibles à la surface du béton.Assume that the concrete pouring operation in Figure 6 has been and the latter has not yet taken it. Contrary to what appears in Figure 7, only the upper surfaces of the blocks and their projections 26 are normally visible on the concrete surface.

On place alors une règle R1, respectivement R2 à plat sur chaque paire de blocs 1, de telle manière que ces règles viennent en butée contre les saillies 26. Il suffit alors de placer un fer F4 verticalement à l'intersection des deux règles R1 et R2.A rule R 1 is then placed , respectively R 2 flat on each pair of blocks 1, in such a way that these rules come into abutment against the projections 26. It is then sufficient to place an iron F 4 vertically at the intersection of the two rules R 1 and R 2 .

Avec cette méthode, il n'y a plus à utiliser les cordeaux de l'état de la technique qui présentaient l'inconvénient de se situer bien au-dessus du fond de la tranchée, de sorte que, dans la pratique, les fers étaient implantés au jugé, plutôt qu'en parfaite correspondance avec les cordeaux.With this method, there is no longer any need to use the condition cords of the technique which had the disadvantage of being well above the bottom of the trench, so that, in practice, the irons were placed in the trial, rather that in perfect correspondence with the lines.

On se reportera maintenant aux figures 8 à 12 pour décrire une autre utilisation possible des blocs de fondation conformes à l'invention.We will now refer to Figures 8 to 12 to describe another possible use of foundation blocks according to the invention.

En quelques mots, cette autre utilisation consiste à leur faire remplir une fonction de support d'éléments de murs préfabriqués.In a few words, this other use consists in making them fill a support function for prefabricated wall elements.

Pour construire cet élément de mur, on fait usage d'un banc de préparation 5 visible notamment à la figure 8.To build this wall element, we use a bench preparation 5 visible in particular in FIG. 8.

Ce banc comprend une série de trois éléments de support 50 disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres sur lesquels est mise en place, perpendiculairement une paire de planches parallélipèdique 51 de forte épaisseur.This bench comprises a series of three support elements 50 arranged parallel to each other on which is placed, perpendicularly a pair of very thick parallelepiped boards 51.

On dispose ces planches parallèlement l'une à l'autre, de manière à aménager entre elles un couloir longitudinal 510. Sur la paire de planches 51 est reçue une plaque 52 dont le contour rectangulaire est prévu pour recouvrir exactement les planches 51.These boards are placed parallel to each other, so that build between them a longitudinal corridor 510. On the pair of boards 51 is received a plate 52 whose rectangular outline is intended to cover exactly the boards 51.

La plaque est percée d'une série de trous 520 circulaires disposés longitudinalement, de manière à surplomber le couloir 510 entre les planches 51. Leur diamètre est choisi de telle manière qu'ils puissent être traversés par des fers d'armature de taille standard.The plate is pierced with a series of circular 520 holes arranged longitudinally, so as to overhang the corridor 510 between the boards 51. Their diameter is chosen in such a way that they can be crossed by irons standard size frame.

Enfin, une plaque rectangulaire peu épaisse 53 est plaquée contre la face externe d'une des planches 51 et sa hauteur est telle qu'elle déborde légèrement au-dessus du plan supérieur de la plaque 52. Comme on le verra plus loin cette plaque 53 est destinée à servir de butée d'alignement pour des blocs de construction.Finally, a thin rectangular plate 53 is pressed against the outer face of one of the boards 51 and its height is such that it overflows slightly above the upper plane of the plate 52. As will be seen more far this plate 53 is intended to serve as an alignment stop for blocks of construction.

En se reportant maintenant à la figure 11, on met en place des fers d'armature J dans certains trous 520 de la plaque 52. Referring now to FIG. 11, reinforcing bars J are put in place in certain holes 520 of the plate 52.

Bien entendu, il est possible d'engager autant de fers d'armature J qu'il y a de trous 520. Toutefois, dans le cas présent, on choisit de mettre en place quatre fers, respectivement par paire dans les trous d'extrémité du banc 5.Of course, it is possible to engage as many reinforcing irons J as there are holes 520. However, in the present case, we choose to install four irons, respectively in pairs in the end holes from bench 5.

Les autres trous 520 qui ne reçoivent pas de fers sont alors obturés par exemple à l'aide d'un matériau adhésif.The other holes 520 which do not receive irons are then closed for example using an adhesive material.

Il est alors possible de mettre en place sur le banc une série de blocs de construction creux 6 à bancher. Leur mise en place est facilitée par le fait que la plaque 53 constitue une butée d'alignement.It is then possible to place a series of blocks on the bench 6 hollow construction. Their installation is facilitated by the fact that the plate 53 constitutes an alignment stop.

Bien entendu, les fers J déjà mis en place traversent les blocs et dépassent du banc en-dessous des planches 51.Of course, the irons J already in place cross the blocks and protrude from the bench below the boards 51.

En se reportant à la figure 11 on a représenté ici une série de blocs dans lesquels ont été mis en place un grand nombre de fers J, les espaces creux des blocs ayant été remplis de béton liquide B.Referring to FIG. 11, a series of blocks has been shown here in which a large number of irons J have been put in place, the hollow spaces of the blocks having been filled with liquid concrete B.

Lorsque cet ensemble est sec, il est alors possible de le mettre en place sur deux blocs de fondation 1 disposés parallèlement l'un à l'autre de telle manière que les blocs 6 de la rangée la plus basse viennent en butée contre la saillie 26 des blocs de fondation.When this set is dry, it is then possible to put it in place on two foundation blocks 1 arranged parallel to each other so so that the blocks 6 of the lowest row come into abutment against the projection 26 of the foundation blocks.

Comme le montre particulièrement à la figure 12, on prend soin de courber la partie inférieure des fers J de telle manière à ce qu'elle s'étende horizontalement.As shown particularly in FIG. 12, care is taken to bend the lower part of the irons J so that it extends horizontally.

Une fois cette opération effectuée, il est alors possible de mettre en place cet ensemble en fond de tranchée et de remplir celle-ci de béton liquide B. Au besoin, la surface supérieure du béton s'étend, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 12, au-dessus des blocs 1 de manière à assurer un meilleur ancrage de l'élément de mur au niveau des fondations.Once this operation has been carried out, it is then possible to place this assembly at the bottom of the trench and to fill it with liquid concrete B. If necessary, the upper surface of the concrete extends, as shown in FIG. 12, above the blocks 1 so as to ensure better anchoring of the wall element at the foundations.

Claims (9)

Bloc de fondation (1) destiné à être placé sur un béton de propreté (C) en fond de tranchée (4), avant coulage de béton (B) dans celle-ci, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un élément central et principal (2) bordé transversalement d'éléments secondaires identiques (3) de moindre hauteur, ces éléments central (2) et secondaires (3) présentant longitudinalement la même dimension, que sa sous-face (21), commune à l'ensemble des éléments (2, 3), est plane et parallèle à la face supérieure (20) de l'élément central (2), que les éléments secondaires (3) présentent au moins une rainure longitudinale (33) débouchant sur leur face supérieure (30), d'axe parallèle à ladite sous-face (21) et adaptée pour recevoir un fer d'armature (F1, F3), et que la face supérieure (20) de l'élément central (2) sert notamment de repère pour délimiter le niveau supérieur du béton (B) coulé dans la tranchée.Foundation block (1) intended to be placed on cleanliness concrete (C) at the bottom of the trench (4), before pouring concrete (B) into it, characterized in that it comprises a central element and main (2) transversely bordered by identical secondary elements (3) of lesser height, these central (2) and secondary (3) elements having the same dimension longitudinally as its underside (21), common to all of the elements (2, 3), is flat and parallel to the upper face (20) of the central element (2), that the secondary elements (3) have at least one longitudinal groove (33) opening onto their upper face (30 ), with an axis parallel to said underside (21) and adapted to receive a reinforcing iron (F 1 , F 3 ), and that the upper face (20) of the central element (2) serves in particular to mark to delimit the upper level of the concrete (B) poured into the trench. Bloc selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est réalisé en béton moulé.Block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of molded concrete. Bloc selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments central (2) et secondaires (3) s'inscrivent chacun dans un parallélépipède rectangle.Block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the central (2) and secondary (3) elements are each part of a parallelepiped rectangle. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément central (2) et/ou les éléments secondaires (3) est (sont) partiellement évidé (s).Block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the central element (2) and / or the secondary elements (3) is (are) partially hollowed out. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que ledit élément central (2) est partiellement partagé en deux parties (200), par une gorge longitudinale médiane (25) qui débouche sur sa face supérieure (20), et dont l'axe est parallèle à ladite sous-face (21).Block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that said central element (2) is partially divided into two parts (200), by a median longitudinal groove (25) which opens onto its upper face (20), and of which the axis is parallel to said underside (21). Bloc selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'il présente une forme symétrique par rapport au plan de ladite gorge (25).Block according to claim 5, characterized in that it has a symmetrical shape relative to the plane of said groove (25). Bloc selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la face supérieure (20) dudit élément central (2) présente une saillie formant butée (26), qui s'étend longitudinalement le long d'un de ses bords longitudinaux.Block according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that that the upper face (20) of said central element (2) has a projection forming stop (26), which extends longitudinally along one of its longitudinal edges. Bloc selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'une (22) des faces transversales verticales de l'élément central (2) présente une rainure (27). Block according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that that one (22) of the vertical transverse faces of the central element (2) has a groove (27). Bloc selon les revendications 7 et 8 prises en combinaison, caractérisé par le fait que l'un des bords de ladite rainure (27) est aligné avec le bord correspondant (260) de ladite saillie (26).Block according to claims 7 and 8 taken in combination, characterized in that one of the edges of said groove (27) is aligned with the corresponding edge (260) of said projection (26).
EP99460067A 1998-12-14 1999-12-07 Foundation block Expired - Lifetime EP1010817B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9815909 1998-12-14
FR9815909A FR2787129B1 (en) 1998-12-14 1998-12-14 FOUNDATION BLOCK

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EP1010817A1 true EP1010817A1 (en) 2000-06-21
EP1010817B1 EP1010817B1 (en) 2003-07-02

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AT (1) ATE244337T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69909224T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2203043T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2787129B1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2906820A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-11 Knauf Ind Gestion Soc Par Acti Permanent foundation formwork element for forming basement wall, has sensor with cage surrounding top and sides of drainage water evacuation channel, and parts to assemble successive formwork elements in sealed and mechanical manner
EP2314774A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-27 Christoph & Co. Baustoffgroßhandel Betonwarenfabrikation und Grabmale GmbH Foundation stone
WO2012047303A3 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-02-28 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building stucture systems
US9447557B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2016-09-20 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Footer, footer elements, and buildings, and methods of forming same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8904737B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2014-12-09 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
US8607531B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2013-12-17 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
US9493938B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2016-11-15 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures

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JPS58204226A (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-28 Hitoshi Mori Setting of foundation
JPH05171655A (en) * 1991-06-20 1993-07-09 Kunihiro Nishimura Unit type strip footing and reinforced connection hardware

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JPS58204226A (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-28 Hitoshi Mori Setting of foundation
JPH05171655A (en) * 1991-06-20 1993-07-09 Kunihiro Nishimura Unit type strip footing and reinforced connection hardware

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2906820A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-11 Knauf Ind Gestion Soc Par Acti Permanent foundation formwork element for forming basement wall, has sensor with cage surrounding top and sides of drainage water evacuation channel, and parts to assemble successive formwork elements in sealed and mechanical manner
EP2314774A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-27 Christoph & Co. Baustoffgroßhandel Betonwarenfabrikation und Grabmale GmbH Foundation stone
WO2012047303A3 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-02-28 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building stucture systems
US9447557B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2016-09-20 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Footer, footer elements, and buildings, and methods of forming same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1010817B1 (en) 2003-07-02
FR2787129B1 (en) 2001-03-02
FR2787129A1 (en) 2000-06-16
DE69909224T2 (en) 2004-06-17
ATE244337T1 (en) 2003-07-15
ES2203043T3 (en) 2004-04-01
DE69909224D1 (en) 2003-08-07

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