EP1010384B1 - Gargerät und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes mit Dampf - Google Patents
Gargerät und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes mit Dampf Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1010384B1 EP1010384B1 EP99124762A EP99124762A EP1010384B1 EP 1010384 B1 EP1010384 B1 EP 1010384B1 EP 99124762 A EP99124762 A EP 99124762A EP 99124762 A EP99124762 A EP 99124762A EP 1010384 B1 EP1010384 B1 EP 1010384B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- cooking
- cooking chamber
- cooking appliance
- fan
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
- F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
- F24C15/327—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation with air moisturising
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooking appliance for heat treatment of a food with a cooking space for holding a food and one with the cooking space via a steam supply connectable steam generator.
- the invention relates Furthermore, a method for heat treatment of a food in such a Cooking appliance.
- Cooking appliances for heat treatment e.g. thawing, reheating, cooking, roasting, Baking
- a steam / air mixture Fluid
- a steam generator is generated, which essentially integrated into the cooking chamber (internal Steam generator) or outside of the cooking chamber and arranged with this example.
- Steam supply is the entire channel of steam from the steam generator referred to the cooking space.
- cooking appliances with a cooking vessel and a lid-like Cover enclosing a cooking space.
- a steam generator Either in the cooking vessel or in the cover is a steam generator.
- Other cooking appliances have a muffle which can be closed by a door, in which the cooking chamber is located.
- This group includes steam ovens, which are special equipment, especially for the heat treatment of Serve with steam (steam ovens).
- Steam ovens which are special equipment, especially for the heat treatment of Serve with steam (steam ovens).
- Combination cooking appliances in particular baking and roasting ovens, in which besides the conventional types of heating, such as top and / or bottom heat and / or heating air circulation, also a steam operation for treating the food with a Steam / air mixture can be selected.
- EP 0 673 615 A1 shows a steam oven with one of a muffle and a door enclosed cooking space and an internal steam generator. This includes a heatable plate on the muffle bottom and one above the plate ending, connected to a water reservoir, through a valve lockable water supply pipe. Water coming to the hot plate evaporates, and the steam produced rises in the cooking chamber due to its Buoy up from bottom to top of the introduced food over on.
- DE 36 39 872 C2 is a cooking appliance with one of a pot-shaped cooking vessel and a lid-like cover surrounded cooking space described.
- the Cover is an external steam generator housed, the one Evaporation tank and a steam heater for heating and Evaporating the filled into the evaporation vessel water. Of the In this way, excess steam generated by a steam supply in pressed the cooking chamber.
- DE 195 37 751 A1 and EP 0 666 046 A1 show combination cooking appliances in each case an external steam generator, which in the DE 195 37 751 A1 illustrated embodiments outside the muffle and in the EP 0 666 046 A1 shown inside the muffle in an installation room behind the cooking chamber is arranged.
- the steam generator is with the cooking space over a Steam supply connectable and has a water-fillable Evaporation tank with a steam radiator to evaporate in the Evaporative container filled water.
- the steam in the Steam generator in excess generated steam escapes due to Pressure gradient between steam generator and cooking chamber via the steam supply line in the cooking space.
- the invention is based on the task, a cooking appliance and a method in which, while maintaining a good cooking result the Steam supply in the cooking chamber is improved and the disadvantages of the state of the Technology can be avoided.
- the flow unit may be used in cooking appliances with external steam generator (e.g. Steam ovens, combination cookers, cooking appliances with cooking vessels and one Cover-like cover, etc.) are used. It creates a flow of the steam generator in the direction of the cooking chamber, resulting in an improved, more uniform supply of steam results in the cooking chamber. Due to the Steam delivery by means of the flow unit is in the inventive Cooking appliance excessive steam production to build one for the Steam supply of the cooking chamber required overpressure not required. As a result, the energy consumption for steam generation, the Water consumption and condensate reduced. The by the Flow unit generated flow also causes in the steam generator a Lowering the pressure, resulting in a boiling point reduction of the vaporized Water and thus leads to further energy savings.
- external steam generator e.g. Steam ovens, combination cookers, cooking appliances with cooking vessels and one Cover-like cover, etc.
- the flow unit in a preferred embodiment of the invention in the oven preferably in Mouth region of the steam supply line, arranged.
- she could For example, in or on the steam supply line (for example in a bypass), in Steam generator or be arranged at another location in the oven.
- the cooking appliance has a Cooking chamber associated convection fan with one of a drive motor driven convection fan for circulating steam and / or air in the cooking space.
- a Cooking chamber associated convection fan with one of a drive motor driven convection fan for circulating steam and / or air in the cooking space.
- any device can be used as a flow unit, the can generate a flow, e.g. a pump, a reciprocating compressor, a blower or another compressor type.
- the flow unit as an intake fan with one of a drive motor driven Ansaugllibraryerrad formed.
- the intake fan is arranged so that the steam generator on its suction side and the cooking chamber on its pressure side lie.
- commercially available, in oven area already for other purposes e.g., hot air blower
- are advantageously used components for the Steam extraction can be used.
- the intake fan may preferably be a radial fan, which sucks the vapor along its axis of rotation and it in the radial direction blows away.
- a blower type has a high efficiency and is suitable especially good to build up a sufficient pressure gradient.
- the suction fan and the convection fan have one common drive motor on.
- both with a drive motor Fan wheels are driven, the design effort of the cooking appliance reduced.
- the invention also provides a process for the heat treatment of a Gargutes in a cooking appliance of the type mentioned.
- the process is the steam generated in the steam generator by means of a flow of a Flow unit is generated, promoted in the cooking chamber.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a cooking appliance 1 according to the invention Combination cooking appliance (baking and roasting oven with steam function). It points in one Housing 2 a muffle 3, which is surrounded by an insulating material 4 and at her Front side by a door 5 with handle 6 is closed. Muffle 3 and door 5 are surrounded a cooking chamber 7 for receiving a food. Through a partition wall 9, the is arranged such that between its edge and the wall of the cooking chamber. 7 at least one passage opening 10 remains, the cooking chamber 7 in a front Garguting Scheme 7a and a rear steam supply portion 7b divided.
- the cooking appliance 1 also has a Wrasenaustrittsö réelle 8, the cooking chamber. 7 connects with the atmosphere and thus always ensures an open system.
- a steam generator 12 can be seen, the below the muffle. 3 is arranged.
- This has an evaporation container 13 for receiving to evaporating water and a steam heater 14 for heating in the Evaporation container 13 located water.
- the not shown Water supply to the steam generator 12 may for example by means of a Water supply line or one of the operator fillable movable Wasserein Pavll materialsers done.
- the steam generator 12 could also be at a different position (for example above, laterally, behind or within the muffle 3).
- other types of steam generators may also be advantageous be used, for example, a steam generator, an atomizer and having a radiator for vaporizing the atomized water.
- the steam generator 12 is connected via a steam supply line 15 with the cooking chamber. 7 it is not absolutely necessary that these - as shown - is guided by the insulating material 4 of the muffle 3. However, this arrangement has in the Compared to a running in the space between the housing 2 and insulation Steam supply 15 the advantage that the steam on the transport substantially does not cool and condensation is counteracted. Also one within the cooking chamber 7 laid steam supply 15 would be possible.
- the Steam supply line 15 opens at the rear wall 16 of the muffle 3 in the Steam supply area 7b of the cooking chamber 7, but could of course also at another point in the cooking chamber 7 open.
- the cooking appliance 1 further comprises a flow unit 17 for conveying in the Steam generator 12 generated steam in the cooking chamber 7. This is in the Cooking chamber 7 arranged in the mouth region 18 of the steam supply line 15 and as An intake fan 19 is formed, the one of an electric drive motor 20 via an axle 21 driven Ansauglwillerrad 22 has. The fan wheel back is facing away from the rear wall 16 of the muffle 3.
- the intake fan 19 acts it is a radial fan, which in operation, the steam along its axis of rotation sucks (suction side 23a) and blows away in the radial direction (pressure side 23b).
- the Steam supply line 15 opens at the suction side 23a of the intake fan 19, so that via the steam supply line 15 and the steam generator 12 at the intake fan suction side 23a lies.
- the garraum workede end portion 24 of the steam supply line 15 and the Axle 21 of the intake fan 19 include an angle.
- the Embodiment corresponding arrangement of steam supply line 15 and Injection fans 19 have in practice angles between 15 ° and 75 °, preferably an angle of about 45 ° proven. Whether an angle or which angle depends on the particular arrangement and training of the Steam generator 12, the steam supply line 15, the flow unit 17 u.a. from.
- a Convection fan 25 with a Konvezzyslrangeerrad 26 for circulating steam and / or air in the cooking chamber 7 is arranged.
- the convection fan 25 it can advantageously also be a radial fan.
- convection fan 25 and intake fan 19 have in the illustrated embodiment a common drive motor 20. This is the Ansauglsuberrad 22 in Direction of the partition wall 9 upstream Konvetechnischslpresenterrad 26 on the same Axis 21 as attached to the Ansauglplexerrad 22, wherein the Lüfterradrück decorate facing each other.
- the Ansauglrangeerrad on a the Convection fan-axis surrounding, rotatable sleeve be attached, so that Although both fans with the same drive motor, but independent are operable from each other.
- the Ansauglrangeerrad 22 can be smaller in diameter be as or substantially the same size as the Konvetechnischslrangeerrad 26 be.
- a special fan could also be used, which combines the functions of suction fan and convection fan.
- the convection fan 26 and / or the Ansauglrangeerrad 22 is of a surrounded annular fan heater 27 (shown greatly simplified).
- Convection fan 25 and fan heater 27 form in a conventional manner a hot air blower for heating the cooking chamber 7.
- cooking space 7 does not have to take place or not only via the hot air blower, but could alternatively or additionally by conventional heating elements for upper and / or Lower heat can be achieved.
- the provision of a Ansauglrangeerrad 22nd and / or the Konvetechnischslpresenterrad 26 surrounding fan heater 27 has but the advantage that the steam / air mixture. before it's over the least a passage opening 10 in the Gargutaid Scheme 7a passes, if necessary can be heated by the fan heater 27. This allows a Heat treatment of the food with a smaller fluid Steam saturation level.
- a control device 28 is accommodated over Control lines 29 with the components to be controlled of the cooking appliance. 1 (Drive motor 20, fan heater 27, steam heater 14, etc.) is connected. About the control element 11 of the controller 28 to be controlled Heat treatment process specified.
- a steam valve 30 or another shut-off element arranged, via the control device 28 for controlling the steam supply in the cooking chamber 7 is controlled.
- a shut-off element could e.g. by doing Steam generator be provided. If no steam supply into the cooking chamber. 7 should be done, the steam valve 30 is substantially closed, so that even at running intake fan 19 is conveyed substantially no steam. By doing However, steam generator 12 can always be a certain way in this way Amount of steam are kept available, so that after opening the Steam valve 30 steam can be conveyed immediately if it is the respective Heat treatment process required.
- the steam valve 30 is thus a particularly fast adjustment of the steam supply to the adjusted Cooking chamber conditions achieved.
- the operator puts on the operating element 11 desired for the cooking product located in the Gargutaid Jardin 7a Heat treatment process, which is controlled by the controller 28. If a heat treatment is to take place with steam, the activated Control device 28, the steam radiator 14, in the Evaporation 13 of the steam generator 12 heated water filled and evaporates, and the drive motor 20 of the intake fan 19. Das rotating suction fan 22 causes a flow in the steam supply line 15, by the steam generated in the steam generator 12 into the steam supply area 7 b is conveyed, and that he sucks the steam through the steam supply line 15 from the steam generator 12 and blows it in the radial direction away in the cooking chamber.
- the Control device 28 When performing special heat treatment operations, the Control device 28 also selected radiator (fan heater 27, Radiator for top or bottom heat etc - if available) in combination with or drive completely without steam. For example, if the food is with a Steam / air mixture treated a relatively low degree of vapor saturation is to be, the controller 28 may e.g. the fan heater 27 activate to heat the fluid.
- radiator fan heater 27, Radiator for top or bottom heat etc - if available
- the control device 28 closes the Steam valve 30 substantially wholly or partially, wherein the steam heater 14th is controlled so that a certain amount of steam in the steam generator 12th remains. In this way, steam is available quickly, if that Steam valve 30 for a renewed or increased steam supply again or further is opened.
- the control device 28 holds this evaporating water by means of the steam heater 14 substantially on a constant temperature below the boiling temperature at normal pressure (i.e.
- the invention was exemplified in the embodiments with reference to a Baking and roasting oven with steam function described, however, is not on one limited such cooking appliance.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Gargerätes in einer Schnittdarstellung in Seitenansicht und
- Fig. 2
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Gargerätes in einer Schnittdarstellung in Seitenansicht.
- 1
- Gargerät
- 2
- Gehäuse
- 3
- Muffel
- 4
- Isoliermaterial
- 5
- Tür
- 6
- Griff
- 7
- Garraum
- 7a
- Gargutaufnahmebereich
- 7b
- Dampfzufuhrbereich
- 8
- Wrasenaustrittsöffnung
- 9
- Trennwand
- 10
- Durchlaßöffnung
- 11
- Bedienelement
- 12
- Dampferzeuger
- 13
- Verdampfungsbehältnis
- 14
- Dampfheizkörper
- 15
- Dampfzuleitung
- 16
- Rückwand
- 17
- Strömungseinheit
- 18
- Mündungsbereich
- 19
- Ansauglüfter
- 20
- Antriebsmotor
- 21
- Achse
- 22
- Ansauglüfterrad
- 23a
- Saugseite von 19
- 23b
- Druckseite von 19
- 24
- Endabschnitt
- 25
- Konvektionslüfter
- 26
- Konvektionslüfterrad
- 27
- Gebläseheizkörper
- 28
- Steuereinrichtung
- 29
- Steuerleitungen
- 30
- Dampfventil
- 31a
- Saugseite von 25
- 31b
- Druckseite von 25
Claims (14)
- Gargerät zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes mit einem Garraum (7) zur Aufnahme eines Gargutes und einem mit dem Garraum (7) über eine Dampfzuleitung (15) verbindbaren Dampferzeuger (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gargerät (1) eine Strömungseinheit (17) zur Förderung von in dem Dampferzeuger (12) erzeugtem Dampf in den Garraum (7) aufweist.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömungseinheit (17) in dem Garraum (7), vorzugsweise im Mündungsbereich (18) der Dampfzuleitung (15), angeordnet ist.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen dem Garraum (7) zugeordneten Konvektionslüfter (25) mit einem von einem Antriebsmotor (20) angetriebenen Konvektionslüfterrad (26) zum Umwälzen von Dampf und/oder Luft in dem Garraum (7) aufweist.
- Gargerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömungseinheit (17) als Ansauglüfter (19) mit einem von einem Antriebsmotor (20) angetriebenen Ansauglüfterrad (22) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Ansauglüfter (19) so angeordnet ist, daß der Dampferzeuger (12) an seiner Saugseite (23a) und der Garraum (7) an seiner Druckseite (23b) liegen.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ansauglüfter (19) als Radiallüfter ausgebildet ist, der den Dampf längs seiner Drehachse ansaugt und ihn in radiale Richtung wegbläst.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ansauglüfter (19) und der Konvektionslüfter (25) einen gemeinsamen Antriebsmotor (20) aufweisen.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ansauglüfterrad (22) und das Konvektionslüfterrad (26) um eine gemeinsame Drehachse rotieren.
- Gargerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Steuereinrichtung (28) aufweist.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Steuerung der Dampfzufuhr in den Garraum (7) ein Dampfheizkörper (14) des Dampferzeugers (12) und/oder die Strömungseinheit (17) mittels der Steuereinrichtung (28) ansteuerbar ist/sind.
- Gargerät nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Steuerung der Dampfzufuhr in den Garraum (7) ein von der Steuereinrichtung (28) ansteuerbares Absperrelement (30) aufweist, das vorzugsweise in der Dampfzuleitung (15) angeordnet ist.
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes in einem Gargerät mit einem Garraum (7) zur Aufnahme eines Gargutes und einem mit dem Garraum (7) über eine Dampfzuleitung (15) verbindbaren Dampferzeuger (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in dem Dampferzeuger (12) erzeugte Dampf mittels einer Strömung, die von einer Strömungseinheit (17) erzeugt wird, in den Garraum (7) gefördert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Dampf mittels einer in dem Garraum (7) angeordneten Strömungseinheit (17) über die Dampfzuleitung (15) aus dem Dampferzeuger (12) angesaugt und in Garraum (7) geblasen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dampfzufuhr in den Garraum (7) mittels einer Steuereinrichtung (28) gesteuert wird, indem diese einen Dampfheizkörper (14) des Dampferzeugers (12) und/oder die Strömungseinheit (17) ansteuert.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dampfzufuhr in den Garraum (7) mittels einer Steuereinrichtung (28) gesteuert wird, indem diese ein vorzugsweise in der Dampfzuleitung (15) angeordnetes Absperrelement (30) bedarfsweise öffnet oder schließt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19858134 | 1998-12-16 | ||
DE19858134A DE19858134A1 (de) | 1998-12-16 | 1998-12-16 | Gargerät und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes mit Dampf |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1010384A1 EP1010384A1 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
EP1010384B1 true EP1010384B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=7891339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99124762A Expired - Lifetime EP1010384B1 (de) | 1998-12-16 | 1999-12-13 | Gargerät und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Gargutes mit Dampf |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1010384B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19858134A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2232069T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8207477B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2012-06-26 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method for cooking vegetables using steam |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0003053D0 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2000-03-29 | Tech Developments Limted | Improvements in baking ovens |
US20060251785A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Stefania Fraccon | Method for cooking food using steam |
US7745763B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2010-06-29 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method for baking bread using steam |
US7867534B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2011-01-11 | Whirlpool Corporation | Cooking appliance with steam generator |
FR2934360A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-29 | Csi | Four universel a cuisson rapide |
DE102010043490A1 (de) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Dampfgargerät |
KR102226003B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-02 | 2021-03-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 조리기기 |
IT201900008037A1 (it) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-04 | Atihc | Apparecchiatura per la cottura degli alimenti |
DE102020132482A1 (de) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-09 | Welbilt Deutschland GmbH | Gargerät, insbesondere gewerbliches Gargerät |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB552016A (en) * | 1941-08-16 | 1943-03-19 | William Wycliffe Spooner | An improved method and apparatus for cooking alimentary products |
DE2541374B2 (de) * | 1975-09-17 | 1980-04-17 | Klaus Ing.(Grad.) 3569 Bad Endbach Pfeiffer | Garmachverfahren und -vorrichtung |
DE3639872C2 (de) * | 1986-11-21 | 1994-12-01 | Alfa Inst Hauswirtschaft | Gargerät |
EP0277337B1 (de) | 1987-02-05 | 1991-09-18 | Electrolux-Juno Küchentechnik GmbH | Gargerät mit elektrischer Beheizung eines Garraumes und Verfahren zum Betreiben dieses Gargerätes |
DE3703539A1 (de) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-18 | Buderus Kuechentechnik | Vorrichtung zur steuerung der dampfleistung eines mit dampf betriebenen gargeraetes |
DE9401825U1 (de) * | 1994-02-04 | 1994-03-24 | Wiesheu Gmbh, 71563 Affalterbach | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Lebensmitteln |
DE4403386C1 (de) | 1994-02-04 | 1995-06-01 | Wiesheu Wiwa Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Lebensmitteln |
FR2717061B1 (fr) | 1994-03-11 | 1996-04-05 | Cepem | Appareil de cuisson à la vapeur. |
DE19537751A1 (de) | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-17 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Backofen zum Dampfgaren |
-
1998
- 1998-12-16 DE DE19858134A patent/DE19858134A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-12-13 EP EP99124762A patent/EP1010384B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-13 ES ES99124762T patent/ES2232069T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-13 DE DE59910940T patent/DE59910940D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8207477B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2012-06-26 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method for cooking vegetables using steam |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59910940D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
DE19858134A1 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
EP1010384A1 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
ES2232069T3 (es) | 2005-05-16 |
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