EP1001075A2 - Hüllenfreies Förderseil für Seilbahnen oder Stadtbahnen - Google Patents
Hüllenfreies Förderseil für Seilbahnen oder Stadtbahnen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1001075A2 EP1001075A2 EP99890314A EP99890314A EP1001075A2 EP 1001075 A2 EP1001075 A2 EP 1001075A2 EP 99890314 A EP99890314 A EP 99890314A EP 99890314 A EP99890314 A EP 99890314A EP 1001075 A2 EP1001075 A2 EP 1001075A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strands
- core
- section
- cable
- rope according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
- D07B1/068—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the strand design
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/10—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form from strands of non-circular cross-section
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
- D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
- D07B2201/1032—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands three to eight strands respectively forming a single layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
- D07B2201/1076—Open winding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2016—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2036—Strands characterised by the use of different wires or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
- D07B2201/204—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments nine or more wires or filaments respectively forming multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2048—Cores characterised by their cross-sectional shape
- D07B2201/2049—Cores characterised by their cross-sectional shape having protrusions extending radially functioning as spacer between strands or wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2065—Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2071—Spacers
- D07B2201/2073—Spacers in circumferencial direction
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2039—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
- D07B2205/205—Aramides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/027—Postforming of ropes or strands
Definitions
- the invention relates to a casing-free conveyor rope for Cable cars or light rail vehicles, with around a plastic core or synthetic fibers arranged at mutual intervals Strands.
- a problem with such conveyor ropes is that the strands on the outer circumference of the rope do not guarantee a round surface can, as required for a smooth run over rollers would. Rather, strand-induced vibrations occur and thus to loud rolling noises, which in particular with City cable cars are undesirable.
- the aim of the invention is to provide such a rope for Cable cars and light rail vehicles with comparatively few strands to provide the nonetheless a round surface with has a good approximation, and this with large metallic cross sections. Training is also sought, where the strands are not against each other (or against plastic tapes) can scrub so that trouble-free operation over long times can be ensured.
- the rope according to the invention of the type mentioned is characterized in that the wire strands as shaped strands are formed, which are substantially trapezoidal Have cross-section, and that between the strands Air gap is provided.
- the number of Strands can remain relatively low, preferably six, seven or eight strands may be used, moreover also ensured that the rope can still be spliced remains, whereas ropes with a higher number of strands in the Practice can no longer be spliced.
- shaped ropes are known per se are, however, these are usually so-called triangular ropes for other uses, e.g. in mining, at which the individual strands have an approximately triangular cross section, with very rounded corners, have; these known Triangular ropes also have a relatively non-circular shape Surface and cannot be used as conveyor ropes for cable cars.
- a wire rope with triangular strands is e.g. from the Known from DE 1 029 627 C, in which a star-shaped cross section Rubber or plastic insert is provided, the Star tips should protrude over the circumference.
- Wire rope would be for use as a conveyor rope for cable cars or trams are unsuitable, especially since the insert with the protruding star tips in operation when running over rollers would be deformed and torn open and ultimately on the roles could impose.
- GB 1 394 362 A there is also a prestressing element for prestressed concrete described, with approximately trapezoidal cross-sections are shown for single elements, but it does not wire strands, but wires. Moreover there is a covering that is used as a conveyor rope for against cable cars etc.
- GB 2 126 613 A describes shaped strands with trapezoidal ones Cross sections, however, for a rope with the strands in a plastic or rubber sleeve are enclosed, and at which the strands are preferably also made of plastic are. The entire rope is also in one Hose cover included. A suitability as a conveyor cable for cable cars or trams are accordingly not available either.
- the shaped strands can in a conventional manner by means of rollers, with the help of Drawing dies or compacted with the help of a hammer mill, etc. the final shape is also achieved.
- Combinations of these known ones can of course also be used Techniques such as a combination of a drawing and rolling tool, be applied.
- the shaped strands in the hoist rope can also counter Lateral slipping (in the circumferential direction of the conveyor rope) be secured, and this can be particularly advantageous can be achieved by the fact that the essentially round core with a radially protruding cross section, areas of material formed by deformation during stranding has, which in the air gaps between the Formed strands protruding Form spacers. With this training, the Spacers simply in the course of production by deformation formed by peripheral material areas of the core.
- the spacers i.e. Bridles or support strands can be made of compact plastic, such as polypropylene or polyamide
- they can also be made from processed synthetic fibers, e.g. made of polypropylene, Polyamide or polyester fibers.
- particularly durable fibers such as such as Kevlar, to use for the support strands.
- the shaped strands can have different inserts; for example, for ease of manufacture, when the trapezoidal shaped cores are made of compact Have plastic or made of processed synthetic fibers. Polypropylene is used as the plastic material, Polyamide and polyester etc. in question. For particularly high ones Strengths can also be provided that the Trapezoidal shaped strands have metallic core inserts.
- Conveyor ropes 1 are each constructed with strands 2, the under Leave radial air gaps 4 arranged around a core 3 are, and which instead of the previously with conveyor ropes for Cable and light rail vehicles usual circular cross-section one have approximately trapezoidal cross section.
- six such shaped strands 2 are provided for each rope, which, as studies have shown, an optimal compromise between the contradicting demands, on the one hand the largest possible metallic cross-section (in view to ensure high breaking forces) and on the other hand the outside or surface of the rope as round as possible achieve.
- Fig. 1 shows where with 2 'circular strands in cross section are indicated, whereby it can be seen that the outermost points corresponding to the circles of adjacent circular strands 2 ' a center angle of 60 ° apart, whereas in the case of the trapezoidal shaped strands 2 those adjacent to each other Points where the trapezoidal cross-section lines in the outer imagined Circular line 5 of the conveyor cable 1 merges, for example only according to a central angle of 15 ° or 20 ° apart lie, as shown in Fig. 1 at x.
- each have six shaped strands 2 with one trapezoidal cross section attached, this Form strands 2 in the designs according to FIGS. 2 and 4 with a own plastic or synthetic fiber insert 8 are provided to around which the wires 9 of the shaped strands 2 are attached.
- Metal inserts 10 are provided in each of the shaped strands 2 in order to achieve the the stranded wires 9 are arranged around.
- the metal inserts 10 3 and 5 can be made of steel wires according to ⁇ NORM N 9502 or 9503, but they can also be made of wires other metals or metal alloys.
- the stranded wires 9 themselves can be made in a comparable manner Steel wires or from wires of other metals or metal alloys be educated.
- the trapezoidal shaped strands 2 are separated with a Drawing or rolling tool or a combination of drawing and Rolling tool produced, an example of such Manufacture and compression of shaped strands, albeit in connection with a triangular strand, for example in the US 5 765 357 A is shown in a very special form. A detailed description of the manufacture of the shaped strands 2 can therefore be superfluous here.
- 2 and 3 are the Molded strands 2 pressed into the plastic of the encapsulation 7, with 2 material areas between the trapezoidal shaped strands 11 are pushed out by the deformation. These material areas 11 form spacers for the shaped strands 2, wherein these spacers or material areas 11 radially on the inside Project into the air gaps 4 between the shaped strands 2.
- the shaped strands 2 are thereby more or less form-fitting on the inside fixed relative to the core 3, so that a mutual Rubbing or chafing the shaped strands 2 despite the presence the air gap 4 is reliably prevented.
- Snaffle bridles or support strands 12 present radially in between the stranded wires 2 lie and are stranded together with these.
- These bridles or support strands 12 exist, for example also made of compact plastic or processed Synthetic fibers, similar to the "soft" core inserts 6 and 8 of the Core 3 or the form strands 2.
- As a material for these support strands or bridles 12 and for the "soft" core inserts mentioned 6 or 8 can be a compact plastic, such as polypropylene or polyamide, but it can also processed synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene, polyamide or Polyester fibers are used. Of course you can other fiber materials, such as Kevlar material used are, depending on the desired properties of the manufactured Conveyor rope 1.
- the material of the core encapsulation 7 of the conveyor cable core 3 can be, for example, a so-called lo-stretch material, for example a polypropylene, or a polyamide, polyethylene u. the like
- the conveyor cable 1 described has a comparative large metallic cross section and thus a high one Strength or high breaking forces; is nonetheless despite the relatively small number of strands (six, seven or eight - Strands) a surface with the trapezoidal shape of the strands 2 good roundness can be achieved, which makes it suitable as a rope Cable cars or city cable cars are secured.
- the consequence of Well approximated roundness of the surface is essential Reduction of the strand-induced vibrations in operation, whereby moreover, the rolling noise is significantly reduced.
- the shaped strands 2 are only through the air gaps 4 - at least over their essential radial extension - separated from each other, so that no deposits can fall out between the strands 2, which represent a high risk of accident in the company; none the less the strands 2, with appropriate dimensioning of the air gap widths, do not rub against each other, and all the more if them through the spacers in the form of plastic material areas 11 or bridles or support strands 12 in their position relative are secured to each other.
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- Hüllenfreies Förderseil (1) für Seilbahnen oder Stadtbahnen, mit um einen Kern (3) aus Kunststoff oder Kunstfasern herum in gegenseitigen Abständen angeordneten Litzen (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drahtlitzen als Formlitzen (2) ausgebildet sind, die einen im Wesentlichen trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen, und dass zwischen den Formlitzen (2) ein Luftspalt (4) vorgesehen ist.
- Förderseil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sechs bis acht Formlitzen (2), vorzugsweise sechs Formlitzen (2), mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt vorgesehen sind.
- Förderseil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der innerhalb der Formlitzen (2) vorgesehene, im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen runde Kern (3) radial abstehende, durch eine Verformung beim Verseilen gebildete Materialbereiche (11) aufweist, die in die Luftspalten (4) zwischen den Formlitzen (2) hineinragende Abstandshalter bilden.
- Förderseil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Luftspalten (4) zwischen den Formlitzen (2) radial innen Abstandshalter in Form von Trensen bzw. Stützlitzen (12) eingelegt sind.
- Förderseil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützlitzen (12) aus kompaktem Kunststoff bestehen.
- Förderseil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützlitzen (12) aus verarbeiteten Kunstfasern bestehen.
- Förderseil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trapezförmigen Formlitzen (2) verdichtet sind.
- Förderseil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trapezförmigen Formlitzen (2) Kerneinlagen (8) aus kompaktem Kunststoff aufweisen.
- Förderseil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trapezförmigen Formlitzen (2) Kerneinlagen (8) aus verarbeiteten Kunstfasern aufweisen.
- Förderseil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trapezförmigen Formlitzen (2) metallische Kerneinlagen (8) aufweisen.
- Förderseil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (3) mit einer gegenüber seiner Kerneinlage (6) weicheren Kunststoff-Umspritzung (7) versehen ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99890314T ATE247189T1 (de) | 1998-11-05 | 1999-09-30 | Hüllenfreies förderseil für seilbahnen oder stadtbahnen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT72098U | 1998-11-05 | ||
AT0072098U AT3186U1 (de) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | Hüllenfreies förderseil für seilbahnen oder stadtbahnen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1001075A2 true EP1001075A2 (de) | 2000-05-17 |
EP1001075A3 EP1001075A3 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
EP1001075B1 EP1001075B1 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
Family
ID=3498039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99890314A Expired - Lifetime EP1001075B1 (de) | 1998-11-05 | 1999-09-30 | Hüllenfreies Förderseil für Seilbahnen oder Stadtbahnen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1001075B1 (de) |
AT (2) | AT3186U1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59906571D1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1321568A2 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-25 | Teufelberger Seil Gesellschaft m.b.h. | Drahtseil mit mehreren Litzen sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen einer Stützlitze |
WO2004081280A1 (de) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-23 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Verfahren zum herstellen eines drahtseils |
WO2009026730A1 (de) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Brugg Kabel Ag | Zugorgan für statische und dynamische lasten |
WO2012016524A1 (zh) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | 贝尔卡特(青岛)钢丝产品有限公司 | 六股填充纤维芯钢丝绳及其制造工艺和专用设备 |
AT12824U1 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-12-15 | Teufelberger Seil Ges M B H | Drahtseil mit einer langspleissverbindung |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2036120A (en) * | 1978-12-13 | 1980-06-25 | Vnii Metiz Promysh | Method of making rope |
DE3240898A1 (de) * | 1982-07-07 | 1984-01-12 | Thyssen Draht Ag, 4700 Hamm | Mehrlagiges litzenseil fuer schwerlasten |
GB2320933A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1998-07-08 | Bridon Plc | Manufacture of wire rope |
CH689098A5 (de) * | 1994-10-05 | 1998-09-30 | Fatzer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Litzenseils und derart hergestelltes Litzenseil. |
-
1998
- 1998-11-05 AT AT0072098U patent/AT3186U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-09-30 EP EP99890314A patent/EP1001075B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-30 DE DE59906571T patent/DE59906571D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-30 AT AT99890314T patent/ATE247189T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2036120A (en) * | 1978-12-13 | 1980-06-25 | Vnii Metiz Promysh | Method of making rope |
DE3240898A1 (de) * | 1982-07-07 | 1984-01-12 | Thyssen Draht Ag, 4700 Hamm | Mehrlagiges litzenseil fuer schwerlasten |
CH689098A5 (de) * | 1994-10-05 | 1998-09-30 | Fatzer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Litzenseils und derart hergestelltes Litzenseil. |
GB2320933A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1998-07-08 | Bridon Plc | Manufacture of wire rope |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1321568A2 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-25 | Teufelberger Seil Gesellschaft m.b.h. | Drahtseil mit mehreren Litzen sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen einer Stützlitze |
EP1321568A3 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-11-24 | Teufelberger Seil Gesellschaft m.b.h. | Drahtseil mit mehreren Litzen sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen einer Stützlitze |
WO2004081280A1 (de) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-23 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Verfahren zum herstellen eines drahtseils |
AU2004219901B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2010-11-11 | Wireco Germany Gmbh | Method for producing a cable |
US10260198B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2019-04-16 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Method for producing a wire cable |
WO2009026730A1 (de) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Brugg Kabel Ag | Zugorgan für statische und dynamische lasten |
WO2012016524A1 (zh) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | 贝尔卡特(青岛)钢丝产品有限公司 | 六股填充纤维芯钢丝绳及其制造工艺和专用设备 |
AT12824U1 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-12-15 | Teufelberger Seil Ges M B H | Drahtseil mit einer langspleissverbindung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT3186U1 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
DE59906571D1 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
EP1001075A3 (de) | 2000-09-06 |
EP1001075B1 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
ATE247189T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
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