EP0980476A1 - Device for converting thermal energy to electrical energy - Google Patents

Device for converting thermal energy to electrical energy

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Publication number
EP0980476A1
EP0980476A1 EP98932041A EP98932041A EP0980476A1 EP 0980476 A1 EP0980476 A1 EP 0980476A1 EP 98932041 A EP98932041 A EP 98932041A EP 98932041 A EP98932041 A EP 98932041A EP 0980476 A1 EP0980476 A1 EP 0980476A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
working
expansion element
temperature
working circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98932041A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerhard Stock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0980476A1 publication Critical patent/EP0980476A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for converting thermal into electrical energy, consisting of a working circuit with a working fluid for driving a flow machine and a plurality of alternating flow of a cold and warm medium heat exchangers, each of which a n depending on the Temperature of the medium expanding and contracting expansion element is arranged, the temperature-related expansions and contractions are fed to the working circuit via a buffer memory.
  • a generic hot water motor for converting thermal energy according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US Pat. No. 4,283,915.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that the working circuit is fed directly to the heat exchangers via the buffer stores. This means that the numerous and long pressure and suction lines required for this must be heat-insulated so that the system remains functional and that only a liquid expansion medium can be used.
  • each heat exchanger be assigned a buffer memory designed as a spring for storing a force, each spring being connected to the piston of a pressure cylinder, the working space of which is controlled by controllable valves via suction and pressure lines is connected to the working circuit that drives a turbine with a generator.
  • the problems mentioned are avoided by increasing the number and size of the heat exchangers and the driving pistons to such an extent that the expansion medium in each case has sufficient time to convert all the energy supplied.
  • the process is slower, but the single pressure cylinder can build a lot more force, and the uniformity of the oil circulation remains due to the larger number of these expansion and
  • the expanding and contracting expansion element is advantageously a clamped steel sheet, the temperature-related up and back bulging of which acts on the spring.
  • the expansion element has an expanding and contracting liquid or gaseous medium, the volume change of which is fed to the spring via a pressure cylinder.
  • Fig. 6 shows the arrangement according to the invention for converting thermal into electrical energy in a schematic representation
  • Fig. 7 shows a heat exchanger with a liquid or gaseous medium as an expansion element.
  • a heat exchanger 10 has a chamber in which a steel sheet 9 is arranged as an expansion element, which is clamped at its ends.
  • Cold water can be supplied to the chamber via a cold water inlet 5 and leaves the chamber again via a cold water outlet 7.
  • Warm water can be supplied to the chamber via a hot water inlet 6, which water leaves the chamber via a hot water outlet 8.
  • the control of the cold water inlet 5, the cold water outlet 7, the hot water inlet 6 and the hot water outlet 8 is controlled via valves 29 (FIG. 6), a control device with a computer advantageously being used.
  • the circuits of hot and cold water remain separate. (However, mixing would also be unproblematic in the event that the cold water from a heating return and the warm water from the heating flow were diverted (combined heat and power plants). Then the outgoing mixed water could be used again without energy loss to the primary energy source, in the case of Heating, be directed so that only the inlets would have to be controlled by the computer in the water circuit).
  • a spring 4 is connected to the steel sheet 9 at one end and is connected at its other end to a piston 12 of a pressure cylinder 11.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 also show, the working space 13 of the pressure cylinder 11 is connected via valves 14 to suction lines 25 and pressure lines 15, which are connected to a working oil circuit 2 (FIG. 6) in which a turbine 1 with a generator is arranged is. Furthermore, a pressure expansion tank 3 is connected to the oil circuit 2.
  • the controller can release the corresponding valve 14 of the pressure cylinder 11 at any time, so that the 01 present in the work space 13 can be supplied to the oil circuit 2 by the force of the tensioned spring 4 via the associated pressure line 15.
  • the arrangement arrives in the position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the controller can now open the corresponding valve 14 of the pressure cylinder 11, so that suction is drawn from the oil circuit 2 01 into the working space 13 of the pressure cylinder 11 via the suction line 25, the piston 12 being driven in FIG. 5 by the force of the extended spring m position shown is withdrawn.
  • the valves 14 of the individual pressure cylinders 11 are controlled one after the other and at the same time in such a way that the most uniform possible oil circulation is ensured.
  • a chamber 18, closed on one side is arranged in the chamber as the expansion element, and there is a liquid or gaseous medium in the chamber.
  • the other end of the pipeline is connected to a pressure cylinder 19, the piston 20 of which is connected to the spring 4 designed as a buffer store.
  • a transmission could be used on the transmission path to the old cylinder.
  • the number of heat exchanger elements with pressure cylinders depends on the temperature difference of the water and the size of the individual heat exchangers, i.e. on the total work performed on the one hand and / or on the desired output on the other.
  • the various heat exchanger elements can be set up and arranged in any position because they only have cable connections and hose or pipe connections, which means that a possible larger space requirement would hardly be weighted.
  • the materials required for the production were neither expensive nor maintenance-intensive. No component of the system would pose a fire, explosion or environmental hazard.
  • the gas could be normal air.
  • the hot water engine can also be used to generate renewable energy, as well as waste heat from other processes, which was previously only possible at extremely high steam temperatures and pressures and low efficiency.
  • the hot water motor can be connected to any heating system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a known device for converting thermal energy to electrical energy, comprising a working circuit (2) with a working fluid to drive a turbo-engine (1) and a plurality of heat exchangers (10) alternatively crossflown by a cold and a warm medium, in which an expansion element (9) is arranged that expands or contracts depending on the temperature of the medium. The temperature-dependent expansions and contraction of the expansion element (9) are directly fed to the working circuit (2) by means of a buffer storage. In order to reduce high expenditures for heat isolation of the suction and pressure lines (25, 15), the invention provides that a buffer storage configured as a spring (4) designed to store a force is allocated to each heat exchanger (10), whereby each spring (4) is connected to the piston (12) of a pressure cylinder (11) whose working chamber (13) is connected to the working circuit (2) by means of suction and pressure lines (25, 15) via adjustable valves.

Description

Beschreibung: Description:
Bezeichnung: /Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in elektrische EnergieName: / Arrangement for converting thermal into electrical energy
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in elektrische Energie, bestehend aus einem Arbeits-Kreislauf mit einem Arbeitsfluid zum Antrieb einer Stromungsmaschine und aus einer Vielzahl von abwechselnd von einem kalten und warmen Medium durchströmten Wärmetauschern, m denen jeweils ein sich n Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Mediums ausdehnendes und zusammenziehendes Ausdehnungselement angeordnet ist, dessen temperaturbedingten Ausdehnungen und Kontraktionen über einen Puffer-Speicher dem Arbeits-Kreislauf zugeführt werden.The invention relates to an arrangement for converting thermal into electrical energy, consisting of a working circuit with a working fluid for driving a flow machine and a plurality of alternating flow of a cold and warm medium heat exchangers, each of which a n depending on the Temperature of the medium expanding and contracting expansion element is arranged, the temperature-related expansions and contractions are fed to the working circuit via a buffer memory.
Die Umwandlung von thermischer in mechanische oder elektrische Energie ist bisher unokologisch (Verbrennungsmotoren) , unokonomisch (Dampfmaschinen) oder technisch problematisch (Heißgasmotoren, Stirlingmaschmen) . Stirlingmaschmen haben vor allem den Nachteil, mit hohen Temperaturunterschieden arbeiten zu m ssen, um ein schnelles Abk hlen bzw. Aufwarmen desselben Ausdehnungsmediums zu erreichen. Wärmetauscher, die diesen Zweck erfüllen, sind kostspielig, und die dazu gehörigen Dichtungen, Kolben und andere Materialien können offenbarThe conversion of thermal into mechanical or electrical energy has so far been unocological (internal combustion engines), uneconomical (steam engines) or technically problematic (hot gas engines, Stirling engines). The main disadvantage of Stirling engines is that they have to work with high temperature differences in order to cool down or warm up the same expansion medium quickly. Heat exchangers that serve this purpose are costly, and the associated seals, pistons, and other materials can appear
BERICHTIGTES BLATT (RFGEL91)CORRECTED SHEET (RFGEL91)
ISA/EP selbst mit heutiger Technik noch nicht m ausreichender Qualität hergestellt werden. Eine annähernd zufriedenstellende Leistung kann bisher nur von Anlagen erbracht werden, die ausschließlich Strahlungswarme umsetzen.ISA / EP are not yet of sufficient quality even with today's technology. Up to now, almost satisfactory performance can only be achieved by systems that only use radiant heat.
Aus der US-Patentschrift 4 283 915 ist ein gattungsgemaßer Warmwassermotor zum Umwandeln von thermischer Energie gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bekannt. Nachteilig ist bei dieser Anordnung, daß der Arbeits-Kreislauf unmittelbar ber die Puffer-Speicher den Wärmetauschern zugeführt ist. Dies bedeutet, daß die dazu notwendigen zahlreichen und langen Druck- und Saugleitungen warmeisoliert ausgef hrt werden müssen, damit die Anlage funktionsfähig bleibt, und daß nur ein flussiges Ausdehnungsmedium daf r in Frage kommt.A generic hot water motor for converting thermal energy according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US Pat. No. 4,283,915. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the working circuit is fed directly to the heat exchangers via the buffer stores. This means that the numerous and long pressure and suction lines required for this must be heat-insulated so that the system remains functional and that only a liquid expansion medium can be used.
Ausgehend von diesem bekannten Stand der Technik wird nunmehr vorgeschlagen, daß zur Speicherung einer Kraft jedem Wärmetauscher ein als Feder ausgebildeter Puffer-Speicher zugeordnet ist, wobei jede Feder mit dem Kolben eines Druckzylinders verbunden ist, dessen Arbeitsraum jeweils über steuerbare Ventile über Saug- und Druckleitungen mit dem Arbeits-Kreislauf verbunden ist, der eine Turbine mit einem Generator antreibt.Starting from this known prior art, it is now proposed that each heat exchanger be assigned a buffer memory designed as a spring for storing a force, each spring being connected to the piston of a pressure cylinder, the working space of which is controlled by controllable valves via suction and pressure lines is connected to the working circuit that drives a turbine with a generator.
Mit dem erfindungsgemaßen Warmwassermotor werden die genannten Probleme umgangen, indem Zahl und Große der Wärmetauscher und der treibenden Kolben soweit erhöht wird, daß das Ausdehnungsmedium jeweils genügend Zeit bekommt, um alle zugefuhrte Energie umzuwandeln. Der Prozeß geht zwar langsamer vonstatten, aber der einzelne Druckzylinder kann sehr viel größere Kraft aufbauen, und die Gleichmäßigkeit des Olumlaufs bleibt durch die größere Zahl dieser Ausdehnungs- undWith the hot water engine according to the invention, the problems mentioned are avoided by increasing the number and size of the heat exchangers and the driving pistons to such an extent that the expansion medium in each case has sufficient time to convert all the energy supplied. The process is slower, but the single pressure cylinder can build a lot more force, and the uniformity of the oil circulation remains due to the larger number of these expansion and
BERICHTIGTES BLATT (REGEL 91) Druckelemente erhalten. Durch die geringen Geschwindigkeiten werden die Probleme des Stirlingsprozesses weitestgehend ausgeschaltet. Diese sind: Dissipation durch Druck-, Gas- und Reibungsverluste, Totraumeffekt, geringerCORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91) Receive printing elements. The problems with the Stirling process are largely eliminated by the low speeds. These are: dissipation due to pressure, gas and friction losses, dead space effect, less
Regeneratorwirkungsgrad, Warme- und Pendelverluste ungunstige Kolbensteuerung und hohe Gasgeschwindigkeit.Regenerator efficiency, heat and pendulum losses, unfavorable piston control and high gas speed.
Vorteilhaft ist das sich ausdehnende und zusammenziehende Ausdehnungselement ein eingespanntes Stahlblech, dessen temperaturbedingte Auf- und Zuruckwolbung auf die Feder wirkt.The expanding and contracting expansion element is advantageously a clamped steel sheet, the temperature-related up and back bulging of which acts on the spring.
Bei einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausfuhrungsform hat das Ausdehnungselement ein sich ausdehnendes und zusammenziehendes flussiges oder gasformiges Medium, dessen Volumenanderung jeweils über einen Druckzylinder der Feder zugeführt ist.In another advantageous embodiment, the expansion element has an expanding and contracting liquid or gaseous medium, the volume change of which is fed to the spring via a pressure cylinder.
Die Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen beispielhaft dargestellt. Es zeigen:The invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawings. Show it:
Figuren 1 bis 5 einen Wärmetauscher mit einem eingespanntenFigures 1 to 5 a heat exchanger with a clamped
Stahlblech in unterschiedlichen Arbeitsstellungen in schematischer DarstellungSheet steel in different working positions in a schematic representation
Fig. 6 die erfindungsgemaße Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in elektrische Energie in schematischer Darstellung undFig. 6 shows the arrangement according to the invention for converting thermal into electrical energy in a schematic representation
Fig. 7 einen Wärmetauscher mit einem flussigen oder gasformigen Medium als Ausdehungselement . Nach den Figuren 1 bis 5 hat ein Wärmetauscher 10 eine Kammer, in der als Ausdehnungselement ein Stahlblech 9 angeordnet ist, das an seinen Enden eingespannt ist. Über einen Kaltwasserzulauf 5 kann der Kammer kaltes Wasser zugeführt werden, das über einen Kaltwasserablauf 7 die Kammer wieder verläßt. Über einen Warmwasserzulauf 6 kann der Kammer warmes Wasser zugeführt werden, das die Kammer über einen Warmwasserablauf 8 verläßt.Fig. 7 shows a heat exchanger with a liquid or gaseous medium as an expansion element. According to FIGS. 1 to 5, a heat exchanger 10 has a chamber in which a steel sheet 9 is arranged as an expansion element, which is clamped at its ends. Cold water can be supplied to the chamber via a cold water inlet 5 and leaves the chamber again via a cold water outlet 7. Warm water can be supplied to the chamber via a hot water inlet 6, which water leaves the chamber via a hot water outlet 8.
Die Steuerung des Kaltwasserzulaufes 5, des Kaltwasserablaufes 7, des Warmwasserzulaufes 6 und des Warmwasserablaufes 8 wird über Ventile 29 (Fig. 6) gesteuert, wobei vorteilhaft eine Steuerungseinrichtung mit einem Computer Verwendung findet. Die Kreisläufe von warmem und kaltem Wasser bleiben dabei getrennt. (Es wäre jedoch auch eine Vermischung unproblematisch für den Fall, daß das kalte Wasser aus einem Heizungsrücklauf und das warme Wasser aus dem Heizungsvorlauf abgezweigt würde (Blockheizkraftwerke) . Dann könnte das abgehende gemischte Wasser ohne Energieverlust als nächstes wieder zur Primärenegiequelle, in dem Fall der Heizung, geleitet werden, so daß also im Wasserkreislauf nur noch die Zuläufe vom Computer gesteuert werden müßten) .The control of the cold water inlet 5, the cold water outlet 7, the hot water inlet 6 and the hot water outlet 8 is controlled via valves 29 (FIG. 6), a control device with a computer advantageously being used. The circuits of hot and cold water remain separate. (However, mixing would also be unproblematic in the event that the cold water from a heating return and the warm water from the heating flow were diverted (combined heat and power plants). Then the outgoing mixed water could be used again without energy loss to the primary energy source, in the case of Heating, be directed so that only the inlets would have to be controlled by the computer in the water circuit).
Wie die Figuren 1 bis 6 zeigen, ist mit dem Stahlblech 9 eine Feder 4 mit ihrem einen Ende verbunden, die an ihrem anderen Ende mit einem Kolben 12 eines Druckzylinders 11 verbunden ist.As FIGS. 1 to 6 show, a spring 4 is connected to the steel sheet 9 at one end and is connected at its other end to a piston 12 of a pressure cylinder 11.
Wie die Figuren 1 bis 6 ferner zeigen, ist der Arbeitsraum 13 der Druckzylinder 11 über Ventile 14 mit Saugleitungen 25 und Druckleitungen 15 verbunden, die mit einem Arbeits- Ölkreislauf 2 verbunden sind (Fig. 6) , in dem eine Turbine 1 mit Generator angeordnet ist. Weiterhin ist mit dem Ölkreislauf 2 ein Druckausgleichsbehälter 3 verbunden.As FIGS. 1 to 6 also show, the working space 13 of the pressure cylinder 11 is connected via valves 14 to suction lines 25 and pressure lines 15, which are connected to a working oil circuit 2 (FIG. 6) in which a turbine 1 with a generator is arranged is. Furthermore, a pressure expansion tank 3 is connected to the oil circuit 2.
BERICHTIGTES BLATT (REGEL 91) I Wird in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Stellung dem Wärmetauscher 10 durch den Warmwasserzufluß 6 warmes Wasser zugeführt, so wird sich das eingespannte Stahlblech 9 aufwölben, wie dies die Fig. 2 zeigt. Gegenlager 16 verhindern das Aufwölben des eingespannten Stahlbleches 9 in die entgegengesetzte Richtung. Die bei der Aufwölbung entstandene Kraft wird der als Puffer-Speicher ausgebildeten Feder 4 zugeführt, die zusammengepreßt wird.CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91) I If warm water is supplied to the heat exchanger 10 through the hot water inflow 6 in the position shown in FIG. 1, the clamped steel sheet 9 will bulge, as shown in FIG. 2. Counter bearings 16 prevent the clamped steel sheet 9 from arching in the opposite direction. The force generated during the bulging is fed to the spring 4, which is designed as a buffer store and is compressed.
Nunmehr kann die Steuerung jeder Zeit das entsprechende Ventil 14 des Druckzylinders 11 freigeben, so daß das im Arbeitsraum 13 vorhandene 01 über die zugeordnete Druckleitung 15 dem Olkreislauf 2 durch die Kraft der gespannten Feder 4 zugeführt werden kann. Die Anordnung gelangt dabei in die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Stellung.Now the controller can release the corresponding valve 14 of the pressure cylinder 11 at any time, so that the 01 present in the work space 13 can be supplied to the oil circuit 2 by the force of the tensioned spring 4 via the associated pressure line 15. The arrangement arrives in the position shown in FIG. 3.
Nunmehr werden von der Computersteuerung die entsprechenden Ventile des Wärmetauschers 10 umgeschaltet, so daß dem Wärmetauscher kaltes Wasser zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird sich das eingespannte Stahlblech 9 in die Fig. 4 dargestellte Ausgangsstellung zuruckwolben. Die dabei auftretende Zugkraft wird gleichfalls wieder in der Feder 4 gespeichert, die gedehnt wird.The corresponding valves of the heat exchanger 10 are now switched over by the computer control so that cold water is supplied to the heat exchanger. As a result, the clamped steel sheet 9 will bulge back into the starting position shown in FIG. 4. The tensile force occurring is also stored again in the spring 4, which is stretched.
Die Steuerung kann nunmehr das entsprechende Ventil 14 des Druckzylinders 11 öffnen, so daß über die Saugleitung 25 aus dem Olkreislauf 2 01 in den Arbeitsraum 13 des Druckzylinders 11 gesaugt wird, wobei der Kolben 12 durch die Kraft der ausgedehnten Feder m die in Fig. 5 dargestellte Stellung zurückgezogen wird. Die Ventile 14 der einzelnen Druckzylinder 11 werden nacheinander und dabei zeitlich so gesteuert, daß ein möglichst gleichmäßiger Olkreislauf gewährleistet ist.The controller can now open the corresponding valve 14 of the pressure cylinder 11, so that suction is drawn from the oil circuit 2 01 into the working space 13 of the pressure cylinder 11 via the suction line 25, the piston 12 being driven in FIG. 5 by the force of the extended spring m position shown is withdrawn. The valves 14 of the individual pressure cylinders 11 are controlled one after the other and at the same time in such a way that the most uniform possible oil circulation is ensured.
Bei der Ausfuhrungsform eines Wärmetauschers 10 nach der Fig. 4 st m der Kammer als Ausdehnungselement eine einseitig geschlossene Rohrleitung 18 angeordnet, m der sich ein flussiges oder gasformiges Medium befindet. Das andere Ende der Rohrleitung ist mit einem Druckzylinder 19 verbunden, dessen Kolben 20 mit der als Puffer-Speicher ausgebildeten Feder 4 verbunden ist.In the embodiment of a heat exchanger 10 according to FIG. 4, a chamber 18, closed on one side, is arranged in the chamber as the expansion element, and there is a liquid or gaseous medium in the chamber. The other end of the pipeline is connected to a pressure cylinder 19, the piston 20 of which is connected to the spring 4 designed as a buffer store.
Für den Fall, daß große Kräfte und nur kurze Wege zu erwarten sind, wie etwa m der Variante mit dem eingespannten Stahlblech, konnte auf dem Ubertragungsweg zum Oldruckzylmder eine Übersetzung verwendet werden. Die Anzahl der Warmetauscherelemente mit Druckzylindern hangt ab von der Temperaturdifferenz des Wassers und der Große der einzelnen Wärmetauscher, also von der insgesamt geleisteten Arbeit auf der einen und/oder von der gewünschten Leistung auf der anderen Seite .In the event that large forces and only short distances are to be expected, such as in the variant with the clamped steel sheet, a transmission could be used on the transmission path to the old cylinder. The number of heat exchanger elements with pressure cylinders depends on the temperature difference of the water and the size of the individual heat exchangers, i.e. on the total work performed on the one hand and / or on the desired output on the other.
Die verschieden Warmetauscherelemente können räumlich beliebig aufgestellt und angeordnet werden, da sie nur Kabelanschlüsse und Schlauch- bzw. Rohrverbindungen besitzen, wodurch ein möglicher größerer Platzbedarf kaum ms Gewicht fiele.The various heat exchanger elements can be set up and arranged in any position because they only have cable connections and hose or pipe connections, which means that a possible larger space requirement would hardly be weighted.
Die zur Herstellung benotigten Materialien waren weder teuer noch wartungsmstensiv. Von keinem Bestandteil der Anlage ginge eine Feuer-, Explosions- oder U weltgefahrdüng aus. Für den Fall, daß ein Wärmetauscher mit Gas verwendet werden soll, konnte das Gas normale Luft sein. Da die Primärenergie nur Wärme erzeugen muß, können mit dem Warmwassermotor vor allem auch erneuerbare Energien für die Stromerzeugung genutzt werden, ebenso wie Abwärme aus anderen Prozessen, was bisher nur bei extrem hohen Dampftemperaturen und -drücken und geringem Wirkungsgrad möglich war. Der Warmwassermotor kann theoretisch an jede beliebige Heizungsanlage angeschlossen werden.The materials required for the production were neither expensive nor maintenance-intensive. No component of the system would pose a fire, explosion or environmental hazard. In the event that a heat exchanger with gas is to be used, the gas could be normal air. Since the primary energy only has to generate heat, the hot water engine can also be used to generate renewable energy, as well as waste heat from other processes, which was previously only possible at extremely high steam temperatures and pressures and low efficiency. Theoretically, the hot water motor can be connected to any heating system.
Der zu erwartende Wirkungsgrad ist wahrscheinlich sehr hoch, da bei genügender Isolierung kaum Abstrahlung vorkäme und die mechanischen Verluste wegen der geringen Reibungen und Geschwindigkeiten kaum ins Gewicht fielen. Die nicht genutzte Energie in weiterfließenden warmen Wasser würde im Kreislauf verbleiben.The expected efficiency is probably very high, since with sufficient insulation there would be hardly any radiation and the mechanical losses would hardly be significant due to the low friction and speed. The unused energy in flowing warm water would remain in the cycle.
Geräusch- und Schadstoffemissionen sind keine zu erwarten. Die Maschine wäre extrem leise und schwingungsarm; aufgrund der äußerst geringen mechanischen Beanspruchung gäbe es so gut wie keine Abnutzung, was wiederum eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit bedingen sollte.Noise and pollutant emissions are not expected. The machine would be extremely quiet and low in vibrations; Due to the extremely low mechanical stress, there would be almost no wear, which in turn should result in high reliability.
Da für sämtliche Bauteile weder teuere Materialien noch spezielle Fertigungsverfahren in Frage kommen, dürften sich die Herstellungskosten in einem Rahmen bewegen, der auch eine hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit möglich erscheinen läßt.Since neither expensive materials nor special manufacturing processes come into question for all components, the manufacturing costs are likely to be within a range that also makes a high level of economy possible.
BERICHTIGTES BLATT (REGEL 91) CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91)

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer elektrische Energie, bestehend aus einem Arbeits-Kreislauf mit einem Arbeitsfluid zum Antrieb einer Stromungsmaschine und aus einer Vielzahl von abwechselnd von einem kalten und warmen Medium durchströmten Wärmetauschern, in denen jeweils ein sich in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Mediums ausdehnendes und zusammenziehendes Ausdehnungselement angeordnet ist, dessen temperaturbedingten Ausdehnungen und Kontraktionen ber einen Puffer-Speicher dem Arbeits-Kreislauf zugeführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Speicherung einer Kraft jedem Wärmetauscher ein als Feder (4) ausgebildeter Puffer-Speicher zugeordnet ist, wobei jede Feder mit dem Kolben (12) eines Druckzylinders (11) verbunden ist, dessen Arbeitsraum (13) jeweils über steuerbare Ventile (14) über Saug- und Druckleitungen (25, 15) mit dem Arbeits-Kreislauf (2) verbunden ist, der eine Turbine (1) mit einem Generator antreibt.1. Arrangement for converting thermal electrical energy, consisting of a working circuit with a working fluid for driving a flow machine and a variety of alternating flows of a cold and warm medium heat exchangers, each in which a depending on the temperature of the medium expanding and contracting expansion element is arranged, the temperature-related expansions and contractions are fed to the working circuit via a buffer memory, characterized in that a buffer memory designed as a spring (4) is assigned to each heat exchanger for storing a force, each spring is connected to the piston (12) of a pressure cylinder (11), the working chamber (13) of which is connected via controllable valves (14) via suction and pressure lines (25, 15) to the working circuit (2), which is a turbine (1) drives with a generator.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das sich ausdehnende und zusammenziehende Ausdehnungselement ein eingespanntes Stahlblech (9) ist, dessen temperaturbedingte Auf- und Zuruckwolbung auf die Feder (4) wirkt.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the expanding and contracting expansion element is a clamped steel sheet (9), the temperature-related up and back bulge acts on the spring (4).
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausdehnungselement (18) ein sich ausdehnendes und zusammenziehendes flussiges oder gasformiges Medium hat, dessen Volumenanderung jeweils über einen Druckzylinder (19) der Feder (4) zugeführt ist. 3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion element (18) has an expanding and contracting liquid or gaseous medium, the volume change of which is fed via a pressure cylinder (19) to the spring (4).
EP98932041A 1997-05-08 1998-04-30 Device for converting thermal energy to electrical energy Ceased EP0980476A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19719190A DE19719190C2 (en) 1997-05-08 1997-05-08 Hot water motor for converting thermal into electrical energy
DE19719190 1997-05-08
PCT/DE1998/001203 WO1998050697A1 (en) 1997-05-08 1998-04-30 Device for converting thermal energy to electrical energy

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EP0980476A1 true EP0980476A1 (en) 2000-02-23

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US (1) US6192683B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0980476A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001525031A (en)
AU (1) AU8209198A (en)
CA (1) CA2288632A1 (en)
DE (1) DE19719190C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998050697A1 (en)

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WO1998050697A1 (en) 1998-11-12
AU8209198A (en) 1998-11-27
DE19719190A1 (en) 1997-11-13
US6192683B1 (en) 2001-02-27
JP2001525031A (en) 2001-12-04
DE19719190C2 (en) 1999-02-25
CA2288632A1 (en) 1998-11-12

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