EP0947589B1 - Process for treating a steel workpiece - Google Patents

Process for treating a steel workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0947589B1
EP0947589B1 EP99103230A EP99103230A EP0947589B1 EP 0947589 B1 EP0947589 B1 EP 0947589B1 EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 0947589 B1 EP0947589 B1 EP 0947589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
depth
temperature
steel
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99103230A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0947589A1 (en
Inventor
Jakob Betzold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP0947589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0947589A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment

Definitions

  • JP 61079719 A heat a steel workpiece to 800 ° C. then cool in a bath to 300 ° C to 550 ° C and then one Undergo shot peening. Furthermore, it is known from JP 60258409 A to keep a metal workpiece at a temperature between 50 ° C and 300 ° C, whereby and undergo shot peening. the shot is lower Temperature and thereby cools a surface of the workpiece.
  • the present invention has for its object a method of to improve the above type in that by a higher depth of penetration of compressive stresses a higher mechanical strength according to the machined workpiece according to the invention is achieved.
  • the workpiece on after hardening a first temperature in the range 500 ° C to 600 ° C warmed and immediately after the heating is treated with a jet of solid particles, whereby an edge layer with a depth d of 500 ⁇ m is plastified and faster than a core inside the workpiece to a second temperature of 50 ° C to 200 ° C is cooled.
  • the steel is spring steel and the workpiece is preferably a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a workpiece a section of a connecting rod 10, which with the method according to the invention was treated.
  • the material strength is preheated, for example in an oven, initially decreased.
  • the workpiece 10 is essentially still at the preheat temperature.
  • Impinging jet pitching or jet grains now cause increased plasticization of a material that is still hot Edge layer 12, which is shown in Fig. 1 with the depth d. By blasting the edge layer 12 cools down faster than a core 14 during the blasting treatment inside the workpiece 10.
  • the workpiece 10 is still in a preheated state Workpiece temperature of, for example, 500 to 600 ° C with a particle beam treated, the blasting cooling the surface layer 12 to a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. at the end of the treatment, whereas the core 14 still has a temperature of, for example,> 200 ° C.
  • the workpiece for example temper resistant steel, especially spring steel, is hardened, in whole or in part in an oven atmosphere heated to 500 to 600 ° C and out of the oven atmosphere immediately particle or shot peened until the edge temperature reaches approx. 100 ° C has dropped.
  • the workpiece then slowly becomes active (e.g. by cooling) or cooled passively (e.g. by heat radiation).
  • a connecting rod with a smaller cross section with the same mechanical Strength can be achieved as a conventionally manufactured connecting rod, with a Weight saving of> 30% results.
  • the hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components, such as a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one weight-optimized springs.
  • a spring anle spring, valve spring, leaf spring
  • the radiation at temperatures of approximately. ⁇ 500 ° C plastification until the surface layer 12 is colder than the core 14, which creates a favorable residual stress distribution.
  • This means for Properties of workpieces treated in such a way that a higher load capacity and / or a weight saving is achieved. Basically, this procedure is all workpieces treated with a particle beam can be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstückes aus Stahl, insbesodere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece made of steel, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zum Einbringen von Eigenspannungen in einen Werkstoff eines Werkstückes wird dieses beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelgestrahlt.For introducing residual stresses into a material of a workpiece this for example sandblasted or shot peened.

So ist es aus der JP 61079719 A bekannt, ein Stahlwerkstück auf 800°C zu erhitzen, anschließend in einem Bad auf 300°C bis 550°C abzukühlen und anschließend einer Kugelstrahlbehandlung zu unterziehen. Ferner ist es aus der JP 60258409 A bekannt, ein Metallwerkstück auf einer Temperatur zwischen 50°C und 300°C zu halten, wobei und einem Kugelstrahlen zu unterziehen. dabei hat der Kugelstrahl eine niedriger Temperatur und kühlt dadurch eine Oberfläche des Werkstückes ab.It is known from JP 61079719 A to heat a steel workpiece to 800 ° C. then cool in a bath to 300 ° C to 550 ° C and then one Undergo shot peening. Furthermore, it is known from JP 60258409 A to keep a metal workpiece at a temperature between 50 ° C and 300 ° C, whereby and undergo shot peening. the shot is lower Temperature and thereby cools a surface of the workpiece.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der obengenannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß durch eine höhere Eindringtiefe von Druckspannungen eine höhere mechanische Festigkeit eines gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bearbeiteten Werkstückes erzielt wird.The present invention has for its object a method of to improve the above type in that by a higher depth of penetration of compressive stresses a higher mechanical strength according to the machined workpiece according to the invention is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method of the above. Kind of with the in Characteristics characterized claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the Invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Dazu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß das Werkstück nach dem Härten auf eine erste Temperatur im Bereich 500 °C bis 600 °C erwärmt und unmittelbar anschließend an die Erwärmung mit einem Strahl aus Festkörperteilchen behandelt wird, wobei hierdurch eine Randschicht mit einer Tiefe d von 500µm erhöht plastifiziert und schneller als ein Kern im Inneren des Werkstückes auf eine zweite Temperatur von 50 °C bis 200 °C abgekühlt wird. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that the workpiece on after hardening a first temperature in the range 500 ° C to 600 ° C warmed and immediately after the heating is treated with a jet of solid particles, whereby an edge layer with a depth d of 500 µm is plastified and faster than a core inside the workpiece to a second temperature of 50 ° C to 200 ° C is cooled.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß durch das gleichzeitige Anlassen und Partikelstrahlen (Anlasstrahlen) eine höhere Werkstückfestigkeit erzielt wird. Dadurch kann ein Werkstück entweder für gegebene mechanische Belastungen geringer dimensioniert werden, was zu einer entsprechenden Gewichtseinsparung führt, oder bei konstanter Dimensionierung für höhere mechanische Belastungen verwendet werden.This has the advantage that the simultaneous tempering and particle blasting (Tempering blasting) a higher workpiece strength is achieved. This can be a Workpiece either dimensioned smaller for given mechanical loads be, which leads to a corresponding weight saving, or at constant Sizing can be used for higher mechanical loads.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Festkörperteilchen Kugeln und/oder Sandkörner.The solid particles are expediently spheres and / or grains of sand.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist der Stahl ein Federstahl und das Werkstück ist bevorzugt ein Pleuel, eine Achsfeder, eine Ventilfeder oder eine Blattfeder.In a preferred embodiment, the steel is spring steel and the workpiece is preferably a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.

Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, sowie aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen. Diese zeigen in

Fig. 1
einen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelten Pleuelstegquerschnitt und
Fig. 2
einen Tiefenverlauf von durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in dem Werkstück erzeugten Eigenspannungen.
Further features, advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show in
Fig. 1
a connecting rod cross section treated with the method according to the invention and
Fig. 2
a depth profile of residual stresses generated in the workpiece by the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft als Werkstück einen Schnitt eines Pleuelsteges 10, welcher mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt wurde. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Werkstoffestigkeit durch Vorwärmen, beispielsweise in einem Ofen, zunächst verringert. Beim unmittelbar nachfolgenden Behandeln mit Festkörperpartikeln, wie beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelstrahlen, ist das Werkstück 10 im wesentlichen noch auf der Vorwärmtemperatur. Auftreffende Strahlteitchen bzw. Strahlkömer bewirken nunmehr am noch heißen Werkstoff eine erhöhte Plastifizierung einer Randschicht 12, welche in Fig. 1 mit der Tiefe d dargestellt ist. Durch das Strahlen wird die Randschicht 12 während der Strahlbehandlung schneller abgekühlt als ein Kern 14 im Inneren des Werkstückes 10.Fig. 1 shows an example of a workpiece a section of a connecting rod 10, which with the method according to the invention was treated. In the inventive The material strength is preheated, for example in an oven, initially decreased. When treating with solid particles immediately afterwards, such as sandblasting or shot peening, the workpiece 10 is essentially still at the preheat temperature. Impinging jet pitching or jet grains now cause increased plasticization of a material that is still hot Edge layer 12, which is shown in Fig. 1 with the depth d. By blasting the edge layer 12 cools down faster than a core 14 during the blasting treatment inside the workpiece 10.

Durch eine nachfolgende Abkühlung im Kern 14 zieht sich das gesamte Werkstück 10 zusammen und Druckeigenspannungen im gesamten plastifizierten Randbereich 12 stellen sich ein. Dies erhöht eine mechanische und eine Schwingfestigkeit des Werkstückes 10.Subsequent cooling in the core 14 pulls the entire workpiece 10 together and residual compressive stresses in the entire plasticized edge area 12 adjust. This increases the mechanical and vibration resistance of the Workpiece 10.

Beispielsweise wird das Werkstück 10 noch im vorgewärmten Zustand bei einer Werkstück-Temperatur von beispielsweise 500 bis 600 °C mit einem Partikelstrahl behandelt, wobei das Strahlen eine Abkühlung der Randschicht 12 auf eine Temperatur von beispielsweise 100 °C am Ende der Behandlung bewirkt, wogegen der Kern 14 noch eine Temperatur von beispielsweise >200 °C hat. Das Werkstück aus beispielsweise anlaßbeständigem Stahl, insbesondere Federstahl, wird gehärtet, ganz oder teilweise in einer Ofenatmosphäre auf 500 bis 600 °C durchgewärmt und aus der Ofenatmosphäre sofort intensiv Partikel- oder Kugelgestrahlt, bis die Randtemperatur auf ca. 100 °C abgefallen ist. Das Werkstück wird dann langsam aktiv (durch z. B. Kühlung) oder passiv (durch z. B. Wärmeabstrahlung) abgekühlt.For example, the workpiece 10 is still in a preheated state Workpiece temperature of, for example, 500 to 600 ° C with a particle beam treated, the blasting cooling the surface layer 12 to a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. at the end of the treatment, whereas the core 14 still has a temperature of, for example,> 200 ° C. The workpiece, for example temper resistant steel, especially spring steel, is hardened, in whole or in part in an oven atmosphere heated to 500 to 600 ° C and out of the oven atmosphere immediately particle or shot peened until the edge temperature reaches approx. 100 ° C has dropped. The workpiece then slowly becomes active (e.g. by cooling) or cooled passively (e.g. by heat radiation).

Nunmehr haben sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung Druckeigenspannungen bis in eine Tiefe von ca. 500 µm ausgebildet, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Auf der vertikalen Achse 16 ist hierbei eine Eigenspannung in MPa und auf der horizontalen Achse 18 ist eine Tiefe d in µm aufgetragen. Die Eigenspannungen sind als Tiefenverlauf 20 dargestellt mit einem Bereich 22. Die Eigenspannungen nehmen von der Oberfläche aus gesehen in das Werkstück 10 hinein zunächst zu und nach durchlaufen eines Kurvenminimums (d. h. maximaler Eigenspannung) wieder ab. Bei einer Tiefe d von etwa 500 µm hat der Tiefenverlauf 20 der Eigenspannung einen Nulldurchgang, d. h. es sind im wesentlichen keine Eigenspannungen mehr vorhanden. Im Gegensatz dazu erreicht man bei herkömmlichem Kugelstrahlen nur Tiefen bis zu 300 µm für Eigenspannungen, d. h. der Nulldurchgang des Tiefenverlaufes der Eigenspannungen ist bereits bei einer Tiefe d von 300 µm.Now, residual compressive stresses have arisen due to the treatment according to the invention formed to a depth of about 500 microns, as shown in Fig. 2. On the vertical Axis 16 is an internal stress in MPa and is on the horizontal axis 18 a depth d is plotted in µm. The residual stresses are 20 as the depth profile shown with an area 22. The internal stresses start from the surface seen into the workpiece 10 first of all and after going through one Curve minimum (i.e. maximum residual stress) again. At a depth d of about 500 µm, the depth profile 20 of the residual stress has a zero crossing, i. H. it there are essentially no residual stresses. In contrast to with conventional shot peening, depths of up to 300 µm are only achieved Residual stress, d. H. the zero crossing of the depth profile of the residual stresses is already at a depth d of 300 µm.

Somit ist z. B. ein Pleuel mit geringerem Querschnitt bei gleicher mechanischer Festigkeit als ein herkömmlich hergestelltes Pleuel erzielbar, wobei sich eine Gewichtseinsparung von > 30 % ergibt.Thus, e.g. B. a connecting rod with a smaller cross section with the same mechanical Strength can be achieved as a conventionally manufactured connecting rod, with a Weight saving of> 30% results.

Die erfindungsgemäße Warmstrahlbehandlung ist auch auf andere Bauteile übertragbar, wie beispielsweise eine Feder (Achsfeder, Ventilfeder, Blattfeder), wodurch man gewichtsoptimierte Federn erzielt. Auch hier bewirkt das Strahlen bei Temperaturen von etwa. ≥ 500 °C eine Plastifizierung, bis die Randschicht 12 kälter als der Kern 14 ist, wodurch sich eine günstige Eigenspannungsverteilung einstellt. Dies bedeutet für Eigenschaften von derart behandelten Werkstücken, daß eine höhere Belastbarkeit und/oder eine Gewichtseinsparung erzielt wird. Grundsätzlich ist dieses Verfahren bei allen mit einem Partikelstrahl behandelten Werkstücken verwendbar. The hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components, such as a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one weight-optimized springs. Here too, the radiation at temperatures of approximately. ≥ 500 ° C plastification until the surface layer 12 is colder than the core 14, which creates a favorable residual stress distribution. This means for Properties of workpieces treated in such a way that a higher load capacity and / or a weight saving is achieved. Basically, this procedure is all workpieces treated with a particle beam can be used.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
PleuelstegPleuelsteg
1212
Randschichtboundary layer
1414
Kerncore
1616
vertikalen Achsevertical axis
1818
horizontalen Achsehorizontal axis
2020
Tiefenverlaufdeep History
2222
BereichArea
dd
Tiefe der RandschichtDepth of the boundary layer

Claims (5)

  1. Method of working a steel workpiece, in particular for a motor vehicle, characterized in that the workpiece, after the hardening, is heated to a first temperature within the range of 500°C to 600°C and, directly following the heating, is treated with a stream of solid particles, in the course of which a marginal layer is plasticized down to a depth d of 0.5 mm and is cooled down more rapidly than a core in the interior of the workpiece to a second temperature of 50°C to 200°C in such a way that the depth profile (20) of the residual stress has a zero passage at a depth of 0.5 mm.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solid particles are balls and/or sand grains.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second temperature has a value of less than 125°C.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel is spring steel.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece is a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
EP99103230A 1998-03-31 1999-02-19 Process for treating a steel workpiece Expired - Lifetime EP0947589B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19814299 1998-03-31
DE19814299A DE19814299A1 (en) 1998-03-31 1998-03-31 Process for machining a metal workpiece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0947589A1 EP0947589A1 (en) 1999-10-06
EP0947589B1 true EP0947589B1 (en) 2002-11-27

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DE (2) DE19814299A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011004732B4 (en) 2010-10-19 2023-09-21 Kia Motors Corporation High-strength valve spring for a vehicle engine and method of manufacturing the same

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DE19861260B4 (en) * 1997-11-04 2005-09-22 Nsk Ltd. Stepless toroidal transmission has carbonitrided and hardened steel bearing rings and-or drive disks
DE19850867C2 (en) * 1997-11-04 2003-10-23 Nsk Ltd Stepless toroidal gear
DE102017007801A1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for solidification blasting or solidification rolling

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011004732B4 (en) 2010-10-19 2023-09-21 Kia Motors Corporation High-strength valve spring for a vehicle engine and method of manufacturing the same

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Publication number Publication date
DE19814299A1 (en) 1999-10-07
DE59903505D1 (en) 2003-01-09
EP0947589A1 (en) 1999-10-06

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