EP0947589B1 - Process for treating a steel workpiece - Google Patents
Process for treating a steel workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0947589B1 EP0947589B1 EP99103230A EP99103230A EP0947589B1 EP 0947589 B1 EP0947589 B1 EP 0947589B1 EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 99103230 A EP99103230 A EP 99103230A EP 0947589 B1 EP0947589 B1 EP 0947589B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- depth
- temperature
- steel
- spring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
Definitions
- JP 61079719 A heat a steel workpiece to 800 ° C. then cool in a bath to 300 ° C to 550 ° C and then one Undergo shot peening. Furthermore, it is known from JP 60258409 A to keep a metal workpiece at a temperature between 50 ° C and 300 ° C, whereby and undergo shot peening. the shot is lower Temperature and thereby cools a surface of the workpiece.
- the present invention has for its object a method of to improve the above type in that by a higher depth of penetration of compressive stresses a higher mechanical strength according to the machined workpiece according to the invention is achieved.
- the workpiece on after hardening a first temperature in the range 500 ° C to 600 ° C warmed and immediately after the heating is treated with a jet of solid particles, whereby an edge layer with a depth d of 500 ⁇ m is plastified and faster than a core inside the workpiece to a second temperature of 50 ° C to 200 ° C is cooled.
- the steel is spring steel and the workpiece is preferably a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a workpiece a section of a connecting rod 10, which with the method according to the invention was treated.
- the material strength is preheated, for example in an oven, initially decreased.
- the workpiece 10 is essentially still at the preheat temperature.
- Impinging jet pitching or jet grains now cause increased plasticization of a material that is still hot Edge layer 12, which is shown in Fig. 1 with the depth d. By blasting the edge layer 12 cools down faster than a core 14 during the blasting treatment inside the workpiece 10.
- the workpiece 10 is still in a preheated state Workpiece temperature of, for example, 500 to 600 ° C with a particle beam treated, the blasting cooling the surface layer 12 to a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. at the end of the treatment, whereas the core 14 still has a temperature of, for example,> 200 ° C.
- the workpiece for example temper resistant steel, especially spring steel, is hardened, in whole or in part in an oven atmosphere heated to 500 to 600 ° C and out of the oven atmosphere immediately particle or shot peened until the edge temperature reaches approx. 100 ° C has dropped.
- the workpiece then slowly becomes active (e.g. by cooling) or cooled passively (e.g. by heat radiation).
- a connecting rod with a smaller cross section with the same mechanical Strength can be achieved as a conventionally manufactured connecting rod, with a Weight saving of> 30% results.
- the hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components, such as a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one weight-optimized springs.
- a spring anle spring, valve spring, leaf spring
- the radiation at temperatures of approximately. ⁇ 500 ° C plastification until the surface layer 12 is colder than the core 14, which creates a favorable residual stress distribution.
- This means for Properties of workpieces treated in such a way that a higher load capacity and / or a weight saving is achieved. Basically, this procedure is all workpieces treated with a particle beam can be used.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstückes aus Stahl, insbesodere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece made of steel, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Zum Einbringen von Eigenspannungen in einen Werkstoff eines Werkstückes wird dieses beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelgestrahlt.For introducing residual stresses into a material of a workpiece this for example sandblasted or shot peened.
So ist es aus der JP 61079719 A bekannt, ein Stahlwerkstück auf 800°C zu erhitzen, anschließend in einem Bad auf 300°C bis 550°C abzukühlen und anschließend einer Kugelstrahlbehandlung zu unterziehen. Ferner ist es aus der JP 60258409 A bekannt, ein Metallwerkstück auf einer Temperatur zwischen 50°C und 300°C zu halten, wobei und einem Kugelstrahlen zu unterziehen. dabei hat der Kugelstrahl eine niedriger Temperatur und kühlt dadurch eine Oberfläche des Werkstückes ab.It is known from JP 61079719 A to heat a steel workpiece to 800 ° C. then cool in a bath to 300 ° C to 550 ° C and then one Undergo shot peening. Furthermore, it is known from JP 60258409 A to keep a metal workpiece at a temperature between 50 ° C and 300 ° C, whereby and undergo shot peening. the shot is lower Temperature and thereby cools a surface of the workpiece.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der obengenannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß durch eine höhere Eindringtiefe von Druckspannungen eine höhere mechanische Festigkeit eines gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bearbeiteten Werkstückes erzielt wird.The present invention has for its object a method of to improve the above type in that by a higher depth of penetration of compressive stresses a higher mechanical strength according to the machined workpiece according to the invention is achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method of the above. Kind of with the in Characteristics characterized claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the Invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Dazu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß das Werkstück nach dem Härten auf
eine erste Temperatur im Bereich 500 °C bis 600 °C erwärmt und unmittelbar
anschließend an die Erwärmung mit einem Strahl aus Festkörperteilchen behandelt wird,
wobei hierdurch eine Randschicht mit einer Tiefe d von 500µm erhöht plastifiziert und
schneller als ein Kern im Inneren des Werkstückes auf eine zweite Temperatur von
50 °C bis 200 °C abgekühlt wird. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that the workpiece on after hardening
a first temperature in the
Dies hat den Vorteil, daß durch das gleichzeitige Anlassen und Partikelstrahlen (Anlasstrahlen) eine höhere Werkstückfestigkeit erzielt wird. Dadurch kann ein Werkstück entweder für gegebene mechanische Belastungen geringer dimensioniert werden, was zu einer entsprechenden Gewichtseinsparung führt, oder bei konstanter Dimensionierung für höhere mechanische Belastungen verwendet werden.This has the advantage that the simultaneous tempering and particle blasting (Tempering blasting) a higher workpiece strength is achieved. This can be a Workpiece either dimensioned smaller for given mechanical loads be, which leads to a corresponding weight saving, or at constant Sizing can be used for higher mechanical loads.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Festkörperteilchen Kugeln und/oder Sandkörner.The solid particles are expediently spheres and / or grains of sand.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist der Stahl ein Federstahl und das Werkstück ist bevorzugt ein Pleuel, eine Achsfeder, eine Ventilfeder oder eine Blattfeder.In a preferred embodiment, the steel is spring steel and the workpiece is preferably a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, sowie aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen. Diese zeigen in
- Fig. 1
- einen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelten Pleuelstegquerschnitt und
- Fig. 2
- einen Tiefenverlauf von durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in dem Werkstück erzeugten Eigenspannungen.
- Fig. 1
- a connecting rod cross section treated with the method according to the invention and
- Fig. 2
- a depth profile of residual stresses generated in the workpiece by the method according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft als Werkstück einen Schnitt eines Pleuelsteges 10, welcher mit
dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt wurde. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen
Verfahren wird die Werkstoffestigkeit durch Vorwärmen, beispielsweise in einem Ofen,
zunächst verringert. Beim unmittelbar nachfolgenden Behandeln mit Festkörperpartikeln,
wie beispielsweise Sand- oder Kugelstrahlen, ist das Werkstück 10 im wesentlichen
noch auf der Vorwärmtemperatur. Auftreffende Strahlteitchen bzw. Strahlkömer
bewirken nunmehr am noch heißen Werkstoff eine erhöhte Plastifizierung einer
Randschicht 12, welche in Fig. 1 mit der Tiefe d dargestellt ist. Durch das Strahlen wird
die Randschicht 12 während der Strahlbehandlung schneller abgekühlt als ein Kern 14
im Inneren des Werkstückes 10.Fig. 1 shows an example of a workpiece a section of a connecting
Durch eine nachfolgende Abkühlung im Kern 14 zieht sich das gesamte Werkstück 10
zusammen und Druckeigenspannungen im gesamten plastifizierten Randbereich 12
stellen sich ein. Dies erhöht eine mechanische und eine Schwingfestigkeit des
Werkstückes 10.Subsequent cooling in the
Beispielsweise wird das Werkstück 10 noch im vorgewärmten Zustand bei einer
Werkstück-Temperatur von beispielsweise 500 bis 600 °C mit einem Partikelstrahl
behandelt, wobei das Strahlen eine Abkühlung der Randschicht 12 auf eine Temperatur
von beispielsweise 100 °C am Ende der Behandlung bewirkt, wogegen der Kern 14 noch
eine Temperatur von beispielsweise >200 °C hat. Das Werkstück aus beispielsweise
anlaßbeständigem Stahl, insbesondere Federstahl, wird gehärtet, ganz oder teilweise in
einer Ofenatmosphäre auf 500 bis 600 °C durchgewärmt und aus der Ofenatmosphäre
sofort intensiv Partikel- oder Kugelgestrahlt, bis die Randtemperatur auf ca. 100 °C
abgefallen ist. Das Werkstück wird dann langsam aktiv (durch z. B. Kühlung) oder
passiv (durch z. B. Wärmeabstrahlung) abgekühlt.For example, the
Nunmehr haben sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung Druckeigenspannungen
bis in eine Tiefe von ca. 500 µm ausgebildet, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Auf der vertikalen
Achse 16 ist hierbei eine Eigenspannung in MPa und auf der horizontalen Achse 18 ist
eine Tiefe d in µm aufgetragen. Die Eigenspannungen sind als Tiefenverlauf 20
dargestellt mit einem Bereich 22. Die Eigenspannungen nehmen von der Oberfläche aus
gesehen in das Werkstück 10 hinein zunächst zu und nach durchlaufen eines
Kurvenminimums (d. h. maximaler Eigenspannung) wieder ab. Bei einer Tiefe d von
etwa 500 µm hat der Tiefenverlauf 20 der Eigenspannung einen Nulldurchgang, d. h. es
sind im wesentlichen keine Eigenspannungen mehr vorhanden. Im Gegensatz dazu
erreicht man bei herkömmlichem Kugelstrahlen nur Tiefen bis zu 300 µm für
Eigenspannungen, d. h. der Nulldurchgang des Tiefenverlaufes der Eigenspannungen
ist bereits bei einer Tiefe d von 300 µm.Now, residual compressive stresses have arisen due to the treatment according to the invention
formed to a depth of about 500 microns, as shown in Fig. 2. On the
Somit ist z. B. ein Pleuel mit geringerem Querschnitt bei gleicher mechanischer Festigkeit als ein herkömmlich hergestelltes Pleuel erzielbar, wobei sich eine Gewichtseinsparung von > 30 % ergibt.Thus, e.g. B. a connecting rod with a smaller cross section with the same mechanical Strength can be achieved as a conventionally manufactured connecting rod, with a Weight saving of> 30% results.
Die erfindungsgemäße Warmstrahlbehandlung ist auch auf andere Bauteile übertragbar,
wie beispielsweise eine Feder (Achsfeder, Ventilfeder, Blattfeder), wodurch man
gewichtsoptimierte Federn erzielt. Auch hier bewirkt das Strahlen bei Temperaturen von
etwa. ≥ 500 °C eine Plastifizierung, bis die Randschicht 12 kälter als der Kern 14 ist,
wodurch sich eine günstige Eigenspannungsverteilung einstellt. Dies bedeutet für
Eigenschaften von derart behandelten Werkstücken, daß eine höhere Belastbarkeit
und/oder eine Gewichtseinsparung erzielt wird. Grundsätzlich ist dieses Verfahren bei
allen mit einem Partikelstrahl behandelten Werkstücken verwendbar. The hot blasting treatment according to the invention can also be transferred to other components,
such as a spring (axle spring, valve spring, leaf spring), whereby one
weight-optimized springs. Here too, the radiation at temperatures of
approximately. ≥ 500 ° C plastification until the
- 1010
- PleuelstegPleuelsteg
- 1212
- Randschichtboundary layer
- 1414
- Kerncore
- 1616
- vertikalen Achsevertical axis
- 1818
- horizontalen Achsehorizontal axis
- 2020
- Tiefenverlaufdeep History
- 2222
- BereichArea
- dd
- Tiefe der RandschichtDepth of the boundary layer
Claims (5)
- Method of working a steel workpiece, in particular for a motor vehicle, characterized in that the workpiece, after the hardening, is heated to a first temperature within the range of 500°C to 600°C and, directly following the heating, is treated with a stream of solid particles, in the course of which a marginal layer is plasticized down to a depth d of 0.5 mm and is cooled down more rapidly than a core in the interior of the workpiece to a second temperature of 50°C to 200°C in such a way that the depth profile (20) of the residual stress has a zero passage at a depth of 0.5 mm.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solid particles are balls and/or sand grains.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second temperature has a value of less than 125°C.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel is spring steel.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece is a connecting rod, an axle spring, a valve spring or a leaf spring.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19814299 | 1998-03-31 | ||
DE19814299A DE19814299A1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1998-03-31 | Process for machining a metal workpiece |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0947589A1 EP0947589A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
EP0947589B1 true EP0947589B1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
Family
ID=7863044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99103230A Expired - Lifetime EP0947589B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-02-19 | Process for treating a steel workpiece |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0947589B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19814299A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004732B4 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2023-09-21 | Kia Motors Corporation | High-strength valve spring for a vehicle engine and method of manufacturing the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19861260B4 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2005-09-22 | Nsk Ltd. | Stepless toroidal transmission has carbonitrided and hardened steel bearing rings and-or drive disks |
DE19850867C2 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2003-10-23 | Nsk Ltd | Stepless toroidal gear |
DE102017007801A1 (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2019-02-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for solidification blasting or solidification rolling |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5827956A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-18 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Spring steel with superior wear resistance |
DE3142270C2 (en) * | 1981-10-24 | 1983-10-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Process for improving the strength of workpiece surfaces |
JPS58188532A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Manufacture of hollow stabilizer |
EP0108490B1 (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1987-01-14 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for removing fine cold shut cracks on horizontally and continuously cast steel strand using ejection of a plurality of metal shot |
JPS60162727A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1985-08-24 | Komatsu Ltd | Mechanical heat treating method |
JPS60258409A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Surface treatment of metal by shot peeling |
JPS6179719A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1986-04-23 | Komatsu Ltd | Thermo-mechanical treatment |
JPS61124521A (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1986-06-12 | Komatsu Ltd | Thermo-mechanical processing |
IT1216347B (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1990-02-22 | Necchi Spa | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING BAINITE SPHEROIDAL CAST IRON |
US5100482A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1992-03-31 | Horikiri Spring Mfg., Co., Ltd. | Method of preparing a leaf spring |
DE4015205C1 (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-08-22 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Method of reinforcing gas turbine rotor - has balls forced against base surface of slot in rotor to compress it |
JP2915163B2 (en) * | 1991-03-30 | 1999-07-05 | 同和鉱業株式会社 | Strength improvement surface treatment method |
JPH0578798A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-03-30 | Mazda Motor Corp | Surface modifying method for member made of aluminum alloy |
JP3262352B2 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 2002-03-04 | 日本発条株式会社 | Manufacturing method of high strength spring |
JPH0641631A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for reinforcing spring |
US5284039A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-02-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Spacer for rotary peening apparatus |
DE4330832C2 (en) * | 1993-09-11 | 1996-04-04 | Hoesch Federn Gmbh | Process for optimizing the residual stress distribution in the cross-section of compression springs |
DE4415094B4 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 2006-05-11 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Ag | Method and device for treating workpieces by particle blasting |
DE19518365C2 (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2002-03-14 | Ihd Inst Fuer Holztechnologie | Process for smoothing wood and wood-based materials using rotating cutting tools |
-
1998
- 1998-03-31 DE DE19814299A patent/DE19814299A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-02-19 DE DE59903505T patent/DE59903505D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-19 EP EP99103230A patent/EP0947589B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004732B4 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2023-09-21 | Kia Motors Corporation | High-strength valve spring for a vehicle engine and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19814299A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
DE59903505D1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
EP0947589A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
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