EP0923156B1 - Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne - Google Patents
Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne Download PDFInfo
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- EP0923156B1 EP0923156B1 EP98402988A EP98402988A EP0923156B1 EP 0923156 B1 EP0923156 B1 EP 0923156B1 EP 98402988 A EP98402988 A EP 98402988A EP 98402988 A EP98402988 A EP 98402988A EP 0923156 B1 EP0923156 B1 EP 0923156B1
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- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- line
- vertical
- conductors
- patch
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the antennas produced according to the microstrip technique.
- Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral range including radiofrequencies and microwaves. She includes a patch which is typically formed by etching a layer metallic. It is called in English by specialists "microstrip patch antenna "for" microstrip type patch antenna ".
- the presentation will sometimes be limited below for the purpose of simplification to the sole case of an antenna transmitter connected to a transmitter. But it must be understood that the provisions described could also apply in the case of receiving antennas connected to a receiver. For the same purpose it will be accepted that the substrate has the form of a horizontal sheet.
- a first type can be called “half-wave”.
- the antenna is then called “half-wave” or "electric”.
- This length is substantially equal to half the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave propagating in this direction in the line formed by the mass, the substrate and the patch.
- the coupling with the radiated waves is done at the ends of this length, these extremities being located in regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.
- a second type of resonant structure which can be produced according to this same technique can be called "quarter wave”.
- the antenna is then said "quarter wave” or “magnetic". It differs from a half-wave antenna by part by the fact that its pellet has a length substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength, this length of the patch and this wavelength being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a significant short circuit is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch of so as to impose a resonance of the quarter wave type including a node of electric field is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with waves radiated is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field across the substrate is maximum.
- the coupling of such an antenna to a signal processing device such that a transmitter is typically done through not only a coupling device included in this antenna, but also a line of external connection to this antenna and connecting the coupling device to the signal processor. If we consider a functional chain including the signal processor, the connection line, the coupling device and the resonant structure, the coupling and the connection line are made so that this chain has a uniform impedance over its entire length, which avoids parasitic reflections opposing good coupling.
- connection line is to carry a radio frequency or microwave signal from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal is propagates in the form of a traveling wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics.
- the function of coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the line of connection so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, this is to say that the energy of the traveling wave carrying this signal is transferred to a standing wave settling in the antenna with defined characteristics by the latter.
- the antenna it transfers the energy of this wave stationary at a wave radiated in space.
- the signal provided by the transmitter thus undergoes a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
- a first transformation to pass from the shape of a wave progressive to that of a standing wave
- a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
- an antenna receiving the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but the transformations are done in reverse order and direction.
- Connection lines can be made using a technique other than planar, for example in the form of coaxial lines.
- Antennas produced using planar techniques are included in various types of devices. These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and airplanes or air missiles.
- portable radio the continuous nature of the lower mass layer of this antenna makes it possible to easily limit the radiation power intercepted by the body of the user of the device.
- the antenna can be shaped to this profile so as not to appear additional aerodynamic drag embarrassing.
- the present invention relates more particularly to antennas of limited dimensions of the quarter wave type.
- a first quarter-wave antenna produced using the microstrips is known from an article by T.D. Ormiston, P. Gardner, and P.S. Hall "Microstrip Short-circuit Patch Design Equations", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 16, No. 1, September 1997, page 12-14.
- Feeding means are provided by this article to allow to feed the antenna from a transmitter. They are designated by the terms microstrip feed ", that is to say they are made using the microstrip. Although this is not at all explained in this article, it is clear that such means perform the two functions which have been previously specified for the coupling device and the connection line.
- the connection line is a line to conventional type microstrip.
- a main conductor of this line is a ribbon shown located in the plane of the patch.
- a ground conductor of this line belongs to the mass layer not shown which is common to this line, to the coupling device and to the antenna.
- the coupling device has the form of a ribbon longitudinal horizontal. It is presented as belonging to a line of the type microstrip extending the ribbon from the connection line.
- This ribbon can be called coupling tape. It enters the area of the pellet through the edge of the short circuit. It then extends into this area from this edge between two notches and connects to the pad at an internal connection point of this patch that is to say at a point inside this area.
- These two notches are provided in this article to allow penetration of the tape coupling to the suitable connection point. They correspond to two edges of the axial gap of the short circuit.
- This first known antenna has the following drawbacks:
- a first drawback is that the tape and the mass of the connection line are located in the extension of the patch and the mass of the antenna, respectively.
- the components of the transmitter are located inside the device including the antenna while this last is located on the surface of this device, these elements being typically grouped on a printed circuit board called "motherboard".
- motherboard a printed circuit board
- Another disadvantage of this antenna is that its power, or more generally, its coupling to the signal processing member cannot be usefully obtained only through precise adjustment of various parameters. These parameters include the width and the length of the two notches mentioned above and the width of the coupling tape. They must be adjusted to give a suitable value for the antenna impedance. Their values, and more particularly that of this length, must be brought between tolerance limits very close to each other and hardly predeterminable. In the case of industrial manufacture of such antennas in series, this adjustment difficulty can increase manufacturing costs annoyingly.
- a second quarter-wave antenna produced using the microstrips is known from patent document WO 94/24723 (Wireless Access, Inc).
- Its patch (316 in Figure 3) has a wide slot (rectangular ring 350) to make its operation less sensitive to proximity of conductive masses such as a human body or to that of electrical circuits such as those of a microcomputer.
- Its short circuit (330) is partial, i.e. it is formed on only one segment of an edge of this pastille. It is indicated that this facilitates an adaptation of the impedance antenna input.
- the connection line supplying this antenna is arranged vertically under the substrate. It is of the coaxial type.
- the device coupling consists of an extension of the central conductor, i.e. of the main conductor which extends in the axis of this line, this extension crossing the substrate to come and connect to the patch. As for the driver of mass which sheaths this line, it is connected directly to the mass of the antenna.
- This second known antenna has the drawback in particular that the realization of an effective coupling device through the end part of the central conductor of a coaxial line connecting to the antenna patch requires drilling the substrate and presents difficulties practical, especially for adjusting the position of the connection. These difficulties increase the cost of manufacturing, especially if it is mass production.
- Connection conductors include a first guide ribbon wave extending on the upper face of the dielectric layer lower, because it is cut in the pellet.
- the first ribbon guide is connected to a coaxial cable located in below the ground plane, by a very wide conductive strip lower than that of the first guide, and extending over the edge of the layer lower dielectric.
- the coaxial cable is replaced by a second ribbon waveguide extending in the ground plane, on the lower surface of the lower dielectric layer, if it is designed as a printed circuit board.
- This antenna has the disadvantage of an impedance discontinuity not negligible, at the connection between the first guide and the cable coaxial or the second ribbon guide.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device for communication including a first antenna produced according to this invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a top view of the antenna of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 represents a front view of this same antenna.
- FIG. 4 represents a diagram of the variation of a coefficient of reflection in decibels at the input of this same antenna depending on the frequency expressed in MHz.
- Figure 5 shows a partial view of a second antenna produced according to this invention, in section through an axial vertical plane.
- Figure 6 shows a partial perspective view of the antenna Figure 5.
- the present invention also relates to a device for communication including an antenna according to this invention and a said organ for signal processing connected to this antenna by a so-called set of connection.
- the antenna according to the present invention can be an antenna single frequency or multi frequency antenna.
- the antenna given as an example is a dual-frequency antenna, i.e. it must be able to give rise to the minus two resonances so that they can operate in two modes corresponding to two operating frequencies.
- a slot has been formed in the pellet 6 and opens forward outside of this last. It constitutes a longitudinal separating slot F1.
- the scope longitudinal occupied by this slot defines in this patch a region before Z2, Z1, Z12, the slot itself separating in this region a primary zone Z1 of a secondary zone Z2.
- a rear region ZA extends between this region front and rear edge 10. This rear region is much shorter depending on the longitudinal direction DL as this front region.
- the internal connection point 18 is located in the primary zone Z1.
- An operating mode of the antenna then constitutes a primary mode in which a standing wave is established by propagation of waves progressive in both directions of this longitudinal direction or of a direction close to the latter, these waves propagating in an area including this primary zone and this rear region by substantially excluding the secondary zone Z2.
- Another operating mode constitutes a mode secondary in which a standing wave is established thanks to a propagation traveling waves in the same two directions, these waves propagating in another area including the primary and secondary zones and the rear region.
- the rear region ZA has a first function which is to couple the secondary zone to the primary zone for allow the establishment of the secondary mode. It has a second function which is to allow the short circuit on the rear edge to play its role in each of these two areas.
- the antenna is then, at least approximately, for each operating frequency, of the quarter type wave.
- Pad and coupling line configurations and more particularly the longitudinal position of the internal connection point 18 are chosen so as to show a predetermined desired value the impedance presented by the antenna for the signal processor or more typically for a connection line connecting this member to this device.
- This impedance will be referred to hereinafter as the antenna impedance.
- impedance input In the case of a transmitting antenna it is usually called impedance input.
- desired value is advantageously equal to the impedance of the connection line. This is why, preferably, the position of the point of connection gives the antenna impedance substantially the same value for the various operating frequencies.
- the operating frequencies have predetermined desired values. These values can be advantageously obtained by a suitable choice of dimensions respective longitudinal zones primary Z1 and secondary Z2. It is why these two dimensions are typically different.
- the configuration of the patch 6 further forms a slot extending in the transverse direction DT.
- This slot constitutes a transverse separating slot F2 partially separating this primary zone of the rear region ZA. It connects to the rear end of the longitudinal separating slot F1.
- Another F3 slot extends into the primary zone Z1 forward from the transverse separating slot F2. It can be called frequency lowering slot because its role is to lower the operating frequencies to an increasing extent with its length. It thus makes it possible not only to limit the length of the pellet necessary to obtain predetermined desired frequency values of operation, but also to adjust these frequencies thanks to an adjustment suitable for its length.
- the antenna has a plane of symmetry extending along the longitudinal DL and vertical DV directions, the trace of this plane in the upper surface of the substrate constituting an axis of symmetry A for the pellet 6.
- the number included in the reference signs of the one that is right in the figures is equal to the corresponding number of that of left increased by 10.
- the coupling device and the primary zone Z1 extend in the vicinity of axis A and the configuration of the patch forms two said longitudinal separating slots F1, F11 on either side of this zone primary.
- the secondary zone then comprises two parts Z2, Z12 located respectively beyond these two slots.
- all of the separating slots F1, F2, F11, F12 has the shape of a U.
- the branches and the base of this U are longitudinal and transverse respectively.
- This base has an interval axial 20 extending on either side of the axis to connect the primary zone Z1 to short circuit C2, C12 via an axial part of the region rear ZA.
- the coupling line which constitutes the antenna coupling device comprises a conductor belonging to the upper conductive layer. More precisely a section C1 of said main conductor penetrates in the longitudinal direction DL into the area of the patch 6. It extends between a rear end close to the edge rear 10 and a front end constituting the internal connection point 18.
- This section of main conductor C1 has the form of a ribbon and can be called a horizontal coupling tape.
- this ribbon is limited laterally by two notches F4 and F14. But, in the antenna of the present invention, these two notches F4 and F14 are sufficiently narrow in the direction DT and sufficiently long according to DL direction to be considered as two respectively longitudinal slots F4 and F14. These two slots separate this ribbon from the patch 6 and will hereinafter be called coupling slots.
- the choice of their width depends to the fact that the parameters of the line of which this coupling ribbon constitutes the main conductor can advantageously be determined by designing this line as a coplanar line able to excite the antenna in a way distributed along the length of this line rather than as a line of the type microstrip intended to excite the antenna only at the end of this line.
- the ground conductor of this coplanar line is mainly formed in the manner of a coplanar line by the parts of the patch 6 located laterally on either side of this ribbon C1 beyond the two slots F4 and F14, and not by the mass of the antenna as in a line to microstrip.
- This line will hereinafter be called the horizontal coplanar line.
- the antenna would allow the antenna to be coupled via a signal electromagnetic applied or collected by the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor 4 of this line and the rear end of this ribbon C1.
- the external connection line to the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor 4 of this line and the rear end of this ribbon C1.
- making the connection between the device coupling and this external line via such conductors located in the pellet plan would complicate the manufacture of these devices.
- the horizontal coplanar line in question extends along axis A. It passes through the axial interval 20 of the base of the U, this interval being delimited by the two coupling slots F4 and F14.
- the position of the front end 18 of its conductor principal is determined to give a desired value to the impedance of the antenna. But this impedance also depends on other parameters such as the widths of C1 coupling tape and coupling slots, F4 and F14, as well than the nature of the substrate.
- said short circuit is a short circuit composite comprising two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two conductors extend in the vertical direction DV leaving between them a free interval. Each of them connects the ground 4 of the antenna to the patch 6.
- the vertical conductor C3 of the coupling line has the same width as the horizontal conductor C1, and it is separated from the short-circuit conductors C2 and C12 respectively by slots F5 and F15 which have the same width as the slots F4 and F14, of so that the vertical line section constitutes a vertical coplanar line connecting to the horizontal coplanar line without appreciable discontinuity impedance.
- connection conductors are formed on the wafer surface S3 facilitates substantially the realization of a connection between on the one hand the device coupling belonging to the antenna formed on the surface of the device and other hand, a connection line connecting this device to a processing unit signal. If this organ is located inside this device this line can take the form of a coaxial line which, in the vicinity of the antenna, is perpendicular to the plane thereof. In other cases this provision of connection conductors facilitate the connection of the antenna to conductors carried by a motherboard on one side of which the substrate of the antenna has been previously fixed, the connection line then being typically, at least in the vicinity of the antenna, parallel to the direction longitudinal of it.
- connection conductors suitable for form antenna terminals on the wafer surface of the substrate do not complicates the fabrication of the antenna only negligibly. Indeed on the one hand the realization of the short-circuit conductors is necessary for that the antenna manufactured is of the quarter wave type.
- the first connecting conductor can be achieved by at least one process analogous to that of producing short-circuit conductors and, in the most cases during the same manufacturing step.
- connection conductors occupy only a fraction of the rear edge 10.
- the antenna given in example it is substantially the same fraction as that of the primary zone Z1.
- the widths of the coupling tapes and slots such that the coupling slots located on either side of these ribbons are chosen so as to give a uniform and suitable impedance, which is typically 50 ohms, to the coupling line formed by the lines vertical and horizontal coplanar.
- the impedance of the antenna is also adjusted by the choice of the position of the internal connection point 18. The small value of the widths of the coupling slots and the lateral coupling effect which results in expanding the manufacturing margin for these various parameters, and this while maintaining a good quality of coupling.
- the line of external connection to the antenna is a coaxial line. At least in the vicinity of the antenna it typically extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of this antenna, i.e. for example according to the vertical direction DV. It includes an axial conductor C4. At a first end of the line, this axial conductor is connected to conductor C3. AT the other end of the line it is connected to a first terminal of the signal processing 8. Along the length of the line it is surrounded by a sheath conductor C5. At the first end of the line this sheath is connected to both to the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. At the other end of the line it is connected to the other terminal of the signal processor 8 which is constituted for example by a transmitter.
- Figures 5 and 6 show how the necessary connection between a external connection line and an antenna coupling device is produced in the case of a second antenna in accordance with the present invention.
- this second antenna is respectively analogous, at least as to their functions, to various elements of the first antenna which has been previously described.
- Such elements are designated by same letters and / or reference numbers as analogous elements of the first antenna, except that the numbers are increased by 50, the conductor earth C5 of the external connection line of the first antenna being for example analogous to a conductor C55 of the second antenna.
- This second antenna differs from the first in the following points:
- Main conductor C54 and ground C55 of the line external connection are formed on the lower and upper surfaces of a dielectric sheet 30 constituting a motherboard and carrying the components not depicted of a signal processor also not shown.
- This line is of the microstrip type.
- a layer constituting its mass and that of the motherboard is an extension of the ground 54 of the antenna.
- Substrate 52 of the latter is fixed on the upper surface of the motherboard 30.
- the two short-circuit conductors C52 and C62 are produced in the form of two preconstituted metal strips and plated both on the upper face of the substrate 52, on its surface section S53 and on the ground C55 of the motherboard 30.
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Description
- celle des lignes triplaques qui est généralement connue sous l'appellation anglaise "stripline" et dans laquelle un ruban est compris entre la couche de masse inférieure et une couche de masse supérieure, cette dernière devant dans le cas d'une antenne présenter une fente pour permettre un couplage avec des ondes rayonnées,
- celle des lignes à fente dans laquelle le champ électrique s'établit entre deux parties d'une couche conductrice formée sur la surface supérieure du substrat et séparées l'une de l'autre par une fente, cette dernière devant, dans le cas d'une antenne, déboucher typiquement sur un évidement plus large facilitant un couplage avec des ondes rayonnées, par exemple en formant une structure résonante, et
- celle des lignes coplanaires dans laquelle le champ électrique s'établit sur la surface supérieure du substrat et d'une manière symétrique entre d'une part un ruban conducteur central et d'autre part deux plages conductrices situées de part et d'autre de ce ruban dont elles sont respectivement séparées par deux fentes. Dans le cas d'une antenne, ce ruban se raccorde typiquement à une pastille plus large pour former une structure résonante permettant un couplage avec les ondes rayonnées.
- de la configuration des pastilles, ces dernières pouvant notamment présenter des fentes, éventuellement radiatives,
- de l'éventuelle présence et de la localisation de court-circuits ainsi que des modèles électriques représentatifs de ces court-circuits, ces derniers n'étant pas toujours assimilables, même approximativement, à des court-circuits parfaits dont les impédances seraient nulles,
- et des dispositifs de couplage qui ont été inclus dans ces antennes pour permettre de coupler leurs structures résonantes à un organe de traitement de signal tel qu'un émetteur, ainsi que de la localisation de ces dispositifs.
- deux couches diélectriques parallèles, chacune présentant une surface inférieure, une surface supérieure et une surface de tranche,
- un plan conducteur de masse s'étendant sous la surface inférieure de la couche diélectrique inférieure,
- une pastille conductrice s'étendant entre les deux couches de diélectriques et comportant deux extrémités qui sont repliées sur la face supérieure de la couche diélectrique supérieure, cette antenne s'apparentant à une cavité rayonnant par deux ouvertures latérales;
- deux conducteurs de court-circuit s'étendant sur la surface de tranche de la couche diélectrique inférieure et raccordant cette pastille à ce plan de masse,
- et des conducteurs de raccordement pour transmettre un signal entre cette antenne et un organe de traitement de signal.
- faciliter la réalisation d'un couplage entre une antenne à court-circuit du genre ci-dessus et un organe de traitement de signal tel qu'un émetteur devant coopérer avec cette antenne, et
- limiter le coût de fabrication d'un dispositif de communication incluant une telle antenne et un organe de traitement de signal, ceci en général, et plus particulièrement dans le cas de la fabrication en série d'un tel dispositif.
- un substrat diélectrique présentant une surface inférieure, une surface supérieure et une surface de tranche,
- un plan conducteur de masse s'étendant sur cette surface inférieure,
- une pastille conductrice s'étendant sur cette surface supérieure,
- deux conducteurs de court-circuit s'étendant sur cette surface de tranche et raccordant cette pastille à cette masse conductrice, et
- des conducteurs de raccordement pour transmettre un signal entre cette antenne et un organe de traitement de signal ; cette antenne étant caractérisée en ce que les conducteurs de raccordements comportent une ligne coplanaire ayant un premier tronçon s'étendant sur la face supérieure du substrat, et un second tronçon s'étendant sur la surface de tranche, et prolongeant le premier tronçon sans discontinuité sensible d'impédance et incluant deux conducteurs de masse constitués par les deux conducteurs de court-circuit (C2, C12).
- Un substrat diélectrique 2 présentant deux surfaces principales mutuellement opposées s'étendant selon des directions définies dans cette antenne et constituant des directions horizontales DL et DT, ces directions pouvant dépendre de la zone considérée de l'antenne. Ce substrat peut présenter des formes diverses comme précédemment exposé. Ses deux surfaces principales constituent respectivement une surface inférieure S1 et une surface supérieure S2. Une autre direction est également définie dans cette antenne. Elle forme un angle avec chacune de ces directions horizontales et constitue une direction verticale DV. L'angle formé est typiquement un angle droit. Mais cette direction verticale peut aussi faire des angles différents avec ces directions horizontales et elle peut elle aussi dépendre de la zone considérée. Le substrat présente plusieurs surfaces de tranches, telles que la surface S3, qui relient chacune un bord de la surface inférieure à un bord correspondant de la surface supérieure et qui contiennent cette direction verticale.
- Une couche conductrice inférieure s'étendant sur cette surface inférieure et constituant une masse 4 de cette antenne.
- Une couche conductrice supérieure s'étendant sur une aire de cette surface supérieure au dessus de la masse 4 de manière à constituer une pastille 6 du type désigné mondialement par le mot anglais patch. Cette pastille a une configuration spécifique à cette antenne. Elle a aussi une longueur et une largeur s'étendant selon deux dites directions horizontales constituant une direction longitudinale DL et une direction transversale DT, respectivement, cette dernière direction étant parallèle à la surface de tranche S3. Quoique les mots longueur et largeur s'appliquent usuellement aux deux dimensions mutuellement perpendiculaires d'un objet rectangulaire, la longueur étant plus grande que la largeur, il doit être compris que la pastille 6 pourrait s'écarter d'une telle forme sans sortir du cadre de cette invention. Plus particulièrement les directions DL et DT peuvent former un angle différent de 90 degrés, les bords de cette pastille peuvent ne pas être rectilignes et sa dite longueur peut être plus courte que sa dite largeur. L'un de ces bords se situe à l'intersection de la surface supérieure S2 et de la surface de tranche S3. Il s'étend donc selon la direction transversale DT. Il constitue un bord arrière 10 et définit selon la direction longitudinale DL un sens vers l'arrière DB dirigé vers ce bord arrière et un sens vers l'avant DF opposé à ce sens vers l'arrière.
- Enfin un court-circuit C2 raccordant électriquement la pastille 6 à la masse 4. Ce court-circuit est formé dans la surface de tranche S3 qui est typiquement plane et constitue alors un plan de court-circuit. Il impose à des résonances de l'antenne d être au moins approximativement du type quart d'onde.
- L'antenne comporte de plus un dispositif de couplage présentant plus particulièrement la forme d'une ligne de couplage. Ce dispositif comporte d'une part un conducteur principal constitué de deux tronçons C1 et C3 et raccordé à la pastille 6 en un point de raccordement interne 18. Il comporte d'autre part un conducteur de masse également composite qui coopére avec ce conducteur principal et qui sera décrit plus loin. Il constitue tout ou partie d'un ensemble de raccordement qui raccorde la structure résonante de l'antenne à un organe de traitement de signal 8, par exemple pour exciter une ou plusieurs résonances de l'antenne à partir de cet organe dans le cas où il s'agit d'une antenne émettrice. En plus de ce dispositif l'ensemble de raccordement comporte, typiquement, une ligne de raccordement telle que C4, C5, qui est externe à l'antenne et qui comporte deux conducteurs. A une extrémité de cette ligne du côté de l'antenne ces deux conducteurs sont connectés respectivement à deux conducteurs de raccordement qui appartiennent au dispositif de couplage et qui, peuvent être considérés comme constituant deux bornes de l'antenne. A l'autre extrémité de cette ligne, les deux conducteurs de cette dernière sont connectés respectivement à deux bornes de l'organe de traitement de signal. Cette ligne peut notamment être du type coaxial, du type à microruban ou du type coplanaire. Dans le cas où l'antenne considérée constitue une antenne réceptrice, ce même ensemble transmet les signaux reçus par cette antenne à l'organe de traitement de signal. Les divers éléments de cet ensemble ont les fonctions précédemment définies.
- Un conducteur principal C3 s'étendant selon la direction verticale DV entre une extrémité inférieure et une extrémité supérieure dans l'intervalle laissé entre les deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12. Cette extrémité supérieure se raccorde à l'extrémité arrière du conducteur principal C1 de la ligne coplanaire horizontale. Ce conducteur principal de la ligne coplanaire verticale constitue en même temps ledit premier conducteur de raccordement, une première borne de l'antenne et un tronçon vertical du conducteur principal de la ligne de couplage.
- et deux conducteurs de masse de cette ligne, coopérant avec le conducteur C3, et constitués par les deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12.
- Formation d'une couche conductrice verticale sur la surface de tranche S3, et
- gravure de cette couche pour réaliser à la fois les deux conducteurs de court-circuit C2 et C12 et le premier conducteur de raccordement C3. Ces conducteurs constituent alors respectivement deux bandes de court-circuit et un ruban de couplage vertical.
- fréquence de fonctionnement primaire 940 MHz,
- fréquence de fonctionnement secondaire 870 MHz,
- impédance d'entrée : 50 Ohms,
- composition et épaisseur du substrat : résine époxy ayant une permittivité relative er = 4,3 et un facteur de dissipation tg d =0,02, épaisseur 1,6 mm,
- composition et épaisseur des couches conductrices :cuivre, 17 microns,
- longueur de la zone primaire Z1 : 26 mm,
- largeur de la zone Z1 : 29 mm,
- longueur des zones secondaires Z2 et Z12 : 30 mm,
- largeur de chacune de ces zones : 5,5 mm,
- longueur de la région arrière Z3 : 2,5 mm,
- longueur du conducteur C1 de la ligne coplanaire horizontale : 25 m m,
- largeur du conducteur C1 et du conducteur principal C3 de la ligne coplanaire verticale 2,1 mm,
- hauteur du conducteur C3 : O,8 mm,
- largeur commune à toutes les fentes, cette largeur étant indiquée selon la direction horizontale pour les fentes transversales F2 et F12 : 0,5 mm,
- longueur des fentes d'abaissement de fréquence F3 et F13 : 5 mm,
- largeur de l'intervalle axial 20 : 7 mm
- largeur de chacun des conducteurs de court-cicuit C2 et C12 : 5mm.
Claims (6)
- Antenne réalisée selon la technique des microrubans, cette antenne comportant :un substrat diélectrique (2) présentant une surface inférieure (S1), une surface supérieure (S2) et une surface de tranche (S3),un plan conducteur de masse (4) s'étendant sur cette surface inférieure,une pastille conductrice (6) s'étendant sur cette surface supérieure,deux conducteurs de court-circuit (C2, C12) s'étendant sur cette surface de tranche et raccordant cette pastille à cette masse conductrice (4), etdes conducteurs de raccordement pour transmettre un signal entre cette antenne et un organe de traitement de signal ; cette antenne étant caractérisée en ce que les conducteurs de raccordements comportent une ligne coplanaire ayant un premier tronçon (F4, C1, F14) s'étendant sur la face supérieure du substrat, et un second tronçon (F5, C3, F15) s'étendant sur la surface de tranche, et prolongeant le premier tronçon sans discontinuité sensible d'impédance, et incluant deux conducteurs de masse constitués par les deux conducteurs de court-circuit (C2, C12).
- Antenne selon la revendication 1, cette antenne comportant une structure résonante comportant elle même:ledit substrat diélectrique (2), ce substrat présentant deux surfaces principales mutuellement opposées s'étendant selon des directions définies dans cette antenne et constituant des directions horizontales (DL et DT), ces deux surfaces constituant respectivement ladite surface inférieure (S1) et ladite surface supérieure (S2), une autre direction étant en outre définie dans cette antenne et formant un angle avec chacune de ces directions horizontales, cette autre direction constituant une direction verticale (DV), ladite surface de tranche (S3) contenant cette direction verticale,une couche conductrice inférieure s'étendant sur ladite surface inférieure et constituant ladite masse (4) de cette antenne,une couche conductrice supérieure s'étendant sur une aire de ladite surface supérieure au dessus de ladite masse de manière à constituer ladite pastille (6), cette pastille ayant une configuration, des bords, une longueur et une largeur, cette longueur et cette largeur s'étendant selon deux dites directions horizontales constituant une direction longitudinale (DL) et une direction transversale (DT), respectivement, ladite surface de tranche contenant en outre un bord (10) de cette pastille, ce bord s'étendant selon ladite direction transversale (DT), etlesdits conducteurs de court-circuit (C2, C12), ce conducteur s'étendant selon ladite direction verticale (DV), et imposant au moins approximativement à ladite structure résonante une résonance du type quart d'onde,un conducteur principal raccordé à ladite pastille (6) en un point de raccordement interne (18), etlesdits deux conducteurs de masse s'étendant parallèlement à ce conducteur principal à côté de ce dernier,
- Antenne selon la revendication 2, cette antenne étant caractérisée par le fait que ledit conducteur principal de la ligne de couplage inclut en outre un ruban de couplage horizontal (C1) formé dans ladite couche conductrice supérieure et s'étendant selon ladite direction longitudinale (DL) de manière à raccorder ledit tronçon vertical (C3) de ce conducteur audit point de raccordement interne (18), ce ruban de couplage horizontal étant séparé de ladite pastille par deux fentes latérales longitudinales (F4, F14) s'étendant respectivement sur les deux bords de ce ruban, lesdits conducteurs de masse de cette ligne comportant en outre un tronçon horizontal constitué par ladite pastille de part et d'autre de ce ruban de couplage, ce ruban de couplage horizontal et ce tronçon horizontal du conducteur principal constituant une ligne coplanaire horizontale,
ladite antenne comportant une couche conductrice verticale s'étendant sur des aires de ladite surface de tranche (S3), le dit court-circuit étant un court-circuit composite comportant deux dits conducteurs de court-circuit (C2, C12), ces deux conducteurs de court-circuit étant constitués par deux bandes de court-circuit verticales appartenant à cette couche conductrice verticale de part et d'autre dudit tronçon vertical (C3) du conducteur principal de la ligne de couplage, ce dernier étant constitué par un ruban de couplage vertical appartenant aussi à cette couche conductrice verticale et séparé de ces deux conducteurs de court-circuit respectivement par deux fentes latérales verticales (F5, F15), de manière que ledit tronçon de ligne vertical constitue une ligne coplanaire verticale se raccordant à ladite ligne coplanaire horizontale sans discontinuité sensible d'impédance. - Antenne selon la revendication 3, cette antenne étant caractérisée par le fait que ladite ligne coplanaire verticale (C2, F5, C3, F15, C12) est formée sur une fraction seulement de ladite largeur de la pastille (6).
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, cette antenne étant caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est symétrique par rapport à un plan passant par un axe de symétrie (A) de la dite pastille (6) et s'étendant selon ladite direction verticale ( DV).
- Dispositif de communication radio, ce dispositif incluant :une antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, etun dit organe de traitement de signal (8) raccordé à ladite antenne par l'intermédiaire des dits conducteurs de raccordement (C3, C2, C12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9715694A FR2772518B1 (fr) | 1997-12-11 | 1997-12-11 | Antenne a court-circuit realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne |
FR9715694 | 1997-12-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0923156A1 EP0923156A1 (fr) | 1999-06-16 |
EP0923156B1 true EP0923156B1 (fr) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=9514473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98402988A Expired - Lifetime EP0923156B1 (fr) | 1997-12-11 | 1998-11-30 | Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6133880A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0923156B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11284430A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1127171C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE258720T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU743872B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2254263A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69821327T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2210690T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2772518B1 (fr) |
SG (1) | SG77208A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW404081B (fr) |
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1997
- 1997-12-11 FR FR9715694A patent/FR2772518B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 DE DE1998621327 patent/DE69821327T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-30 ES ES98402988T patent/ES2210690T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-30 AT AT98402988T patent/ATE258720T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-30 EP EP98402988A patent/EP0923156B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 AU AU96101/98A patent/AU743872B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-09 SG SG1998005373A patent/SG77208A1/en unknown
- 1998-12-09 CA CA002254263A patent/CA2254263A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-10 JP JP10351948A patent/JPH11284430A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-10 TW TW087120545A patent/TW404081B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-11 CN CN98117083A patent/CN1127171C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-11 US US09/209,449 patent/US6133880A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2254263A1 (fr) | 1999-06-11 |
CN1226093A (zh) | 1999-08-18 |
EP0923156A1 (fr) | 1999-06-16 |
DE69821327D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
FR2772518A1 (fr) | 1999-06-18 |
AU9610198A (en) | 1999-07-01 |
US6133880A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
CN1127171C (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
TW404081B (en) | 2000-09-01 |
FR2772518B1 (fr) | 2000-01-07 |
ES2210690T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
SG77208A1 (en) | 2000-12-19 |
JPH11284430A (ja) | 1999-10-15 |
ATE258720T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
DE69821327T2 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
AU743872B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
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