EP0916040B2 - Electric machine in a driving train, for example of a motor vehicle, and process for driving the same - Google Patents

Electric machine in a driving train, for example of a motor vehicle, and process for driving the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0916040B2
EP0916040B2 EP97935499A EP97935499A EP0916040B2 EP 0916040 B2 EP0916040 B2 EP 0916040B2 EP 97935499 A EP97935499 A EP 97935499A EP 97935499 A EP97935499 A EP 97935499A EP 0916040 B2 EP0916040 B2 EP 0916040B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
drive
arrangement according
drive arrangement
electric machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97935499A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0916040A1 (en
EP0916040B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Pels
Klaus-Peter Zeyen
Ullrich Masberg
Rahim Pour
Michael Maurer
Willibald Birzl
Wolfgang Wall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Continental ISAD Electronic Systems GmbH and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Continental ISAD Electronic Systems GmbH and Co OHG
ISAD Electronic Systems GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, Continental ISAD Electronic Systems GmbH and Co OHG, ISAD Electronic Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP0916040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0916040A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0916040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0916040B1/en
Publication of EP0916040B2 publication Critical patent/EP0916040B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/20—Reducing vibrations in the driveline
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/1201—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon for damping of axial or radial, i.e. non-torsional vibrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/0016—Control of angular speed of one shaft without controlling the prime mover
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive arrangement with a drive train and one functionally parallel to it switched electrical machine, according to The preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates a method for operating such a drive arrangement especially in a motor vehicle.
  • DE-A-4 406 481 is a starter / generator known whose rotor is rotating on a Shaft of a drive unit, e.g. a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, sits and at the same time as passive Torsional vibration damper is formed.
  • the rotor for example, from a ring-like - elastically coupled via a rubber layer - absorber mass, the opposite of the rotating shaft in the frame the elastic coupling is rotatable.
  • the in contrast to the elastic coupling Vibration isolation is not about the torque path the wave: the wave is rather rigidly continuous. It only serves to connect the free absorber mass.
  • the absorber effect is based on an upset of the vibration system by using the basic system the absorber mass receives an additional degree of freedom and thereby shift the resonance frequencies.
  • this measure is only fully effective if the excitation of the basic system only with a fixed frequency in the vicinity of the (undisplaced) resonance. Since internal combustion engines mostly with variable speed are operated are at a practically realizable Number of vibration absorbers resonate nevertheless unavoidable.
  • DE-U-29 502 906 also discloses a drive arrangement of the type mentioned with a functionally connected in parallel to the drive train electrical machine, which among other things to start a Internal combustion engine and for driving, braking and used to synchronize the drive train becomes.
  • the rotor of the electrical machine is on the drive side via a clutch with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine adjustable.
  • the rotor of the electrical machine is rigid or torsionally elastic mounted on the input shaft of the gearbox.
  • the torsionally flexible fastening on the transmission input shaft is realized in that the rotor of conventional design in a pivot bearing the input shaft and a torsionally elastic Spring is connected to the input shaft.
  • WO 90/01126 describes another Vibration damper of conventional design, as is often the case in Automotive engineering is used.
  • DE-A-4 036 301 known for active vibration damping, in which on the action of the alternator of a motor vehicle Interference vibrations in the drive train of the Motor vehicle to be compensated.
  • a startor and one as an external runner trained rotor.
  • torsion dampers in known way in a clutch for engaging the Gearbox input shaft installed.
  • These torsion dampers are but not designed and act as part of the rotor accordingly not directly the disturbing rotational irregularities of the drive train.
  • Another torsion damper is an elastic connection between the rotor and the gearbox input shaft on the rotor hub in the manner of a passive torsional vibration damper intended.
  • DE-A-3 009 279 is a drive arrangement comparable to this known.
  • Figure 1 of this document is a Element in the representation of a clutch of the drive arrangement drawn in, which interprets as an elastic spring element can be.
  • the rotor of the electrical machine itself additionally has no damping or spring elements.
  • DE-C-1 680 669 and DE-C-688 630 are different types Couplings with integrated spring elements known.
  • the invention aims to provide an improved Drive system with vibration isolation properties to provide.
  • the drive arrangement comprises a drivetrain and one to it functionally connected electrical machine, one stator and one preferably on a shaft, e.g. on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine or a shaft coupled to it, a seated rotor has that in the torque path of the drive train is arranged, in the torque path of the drive train vibration isolation inserted and the rotor of the electrical machine its electrical and magnetic functions inside hollow and the vibration isolation in Cavity of the rotor is housed.
  • the rotor with its radially outer primary part with one of the drive and output side of the drive train and with its radially inner secondary part with the other the drive and output side connected, and the vibration isolation is between the primary part and the secondary part arranged of the rotor.
  • the Rotor of the electrical machine finds no electrical and / or magnetic reflux over the rotor axis instead.
  • the Rotor resembles e.g. a hollow cylinder.
  • the cavity in the Rotor offers space for the vibration isolation.
  • the one combined with the vibration isolation is characterized by its electrical machine simple and axially compact design.
  • the Integration of vibration isolation in the cavity of the rotor are not only weight, but also dimensions of the combined system is crucial reduced so that the invention with the Vibration isolation combined electrical machine in the engine or drive area of a motor vehicle accommodated even with limited space can be.
  • the vibration isolation now part of those arranged in the drive train electrical machine itself.
  • This type of integration also implies a different use of space, namely in the direction of a radial extension of the Inertia masses of vibration isolation.
  • the effect of vibration isolation within of the rotor of the electrical machine is based on essential that e.g. one or more elastic Coupling elements between the with the drive unit connected drive side of the rotor and e.g. connected to a shaft leading to the gearbox Intermediate output side of the rotor are to the transmission of any drive side Torque fluctuations on the output side at least largely prevent.
  • the installation makes it more elastic Coupling elements between vibration systems Transmission of vibrational energy at excitation frequencies above a resonance frequency of Vibration systems dynamically reduced. Because with this Type of vibration isolation the resonance frequency is less than the excitation frequency, and a low one Resonance frequency due to low spring stiffness and / or high moment of inertia is achieved this area of operation is also called "soft tuning".
  • the vibration isolation effect is based on essential that the exit side of the Vibration isolation of those generated by the excitation source Vibrations on the input side when softer Vote so "lagging behind" that no noticeable Energy transfer takes place - and all the less, the greater the excitation frequency compared to the resonance frequency is.
  • the vibration isolation integrated in the rotor therefore shields the part of the drive train behind it against torsional vibrations from the part of the drive train on the drive side. Besides depending on the design of the vibration isolation insulation against linear vibrations from the internal combustion engine.
  • the im Rotor integrated vibration isolation two basic elements being one of the basic elements - below Called primary part - with the drive side of the drive train, e.g. with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and the other basic element - below Called secondary part - with the driven side of the Drive train, e.g. with an input shaft of the gearbox, is non-rotatably connected; and the two Basic elements coupled with each other in a torsionally flexible manner are.
  • the two basic elements isolated from torsional vibration.
  • the rotor is particularly compact Variant ring-shaped and the vibration isolation concentric with its two basic elements and arranged inside the rotor.
  • the rotor is particularly compact Variant ring-shaped and the vibration isolation concentric with its two basic elements and arranged inside the rotor.
  • the rotor itself advantageously forms one of the two Basic elements of vibration isolation, e.g. the primary part.
  • the electrical machine comprises essentially three assemblies, namely stator, Rotor / primary part and secondary part of the vibration isolation.
  • the dynamic Vibration isolation especially effective in Soft tuning range, i.e. above the resonance frequency of the vibration system, i.e. at a lower one Resonance frequency.
  • a smooth vote is preferably achieved in that the Primary part and / or additional on the secondary part Inertia are provided. These are balanced especially rotationally symmetrical, e.g. annular.
  • the inertia masses and / or by varying the stiffness of the elastic coupling influence to a large extent.
  • additional masses increasing the moment of inertia on Primary and / or secondary part and / or choice of one if necessary low spring stiffness can reduce the resonance frequency of the vibration system i.a. under the excitation frequency range be moved.
  • flywheels mentioned in the manner of a vibration damper torsionally elastic with the respective primary and / or Abutment coupled In addition to that Vibration isolation effect of the elastic coupling between primary and secondary part achieved an absorber effect in a simple manner.
  • the resonance frequency of the system further into favorable areas, e.g. to lower Frequencies, shift and possibly the vibration reduction of the system increase.
  • Friction surfaces between torsionally elastic parts of the primary and secondary part - at least in sections - to be provided are Another beneficial measure to support the vibration reduction.
  • Friction surfaces between torsionally elastic parts of the primary and secondary part - at least in sections - to be provided have a dampening effect or more precisely energy dissipating.
  • the resonance frequency of the vibration system in the speed range of the internal combustion engine lie, cause the friction surfaces between Primary and secondary part due to the damping a flattening of the disturbing resonance increase.
  • the rotor of the electrical machine is advantageous with one of the two basic elements, i.e. either the primary part or the secondary part, rotatably coupled.
  • the electrical The machine takes over what is rotatably coupled to the rotor and possibly one-piece basic element the vibration isolation no electrical or magnetic functions of the rotor.
  • These two Parts are functional in terms of these functions decoupled (however, in mechanical terms there is a functional coupling due to the mass of the rotor leading to the moment of inertia of the vibration system contributes).
  • the rotor While with conventional drive arrangements electrical machines running on a shaft in the drivetrain of a motor vehicle, one-sided have mounted rotor, in the present case the rotor is the electrical machine advantageously only supported on one side and conveniently creates a void for integration the vibration isolation.
  • the one with the rotor Basic element of vibration isolation that is not coupled in a rotationally fixed manner generally has further storage on, but due to the intermediary elastic coupling no bearing on the rotor represents itself (as well as the other basic element).
  • any comes for the invention Type of electrical machine - whether direct current, alternating current, Three-phase asynchronous, three-phase synchronous or Linear machine - considered depending on the purpose can apply a suitable torque.
  • the rotor one Short-circuit rotor or a rotor with pronounced magnetic poles is.
  • the short-circuit rotor in the asynchronous machine can e.g. a hollow cage runner with cage bars be in the axial direction. In other configurations the runner has windings over slip rings can be short-circuited externally.
  • the distinctive magnetic poles of the rotor in the synchronous machine e.g. by permanent magnets or preferred by electromagnets, e.g. via slip rings with Excitation current can be fed.
  • the electrical machine is particularly advantageous the drive arrangement according to the invention as Starter for starting the internal combustion engine coupled on the drive side used.
  • Rotor of the electrical machine with the one to start of the internal combustion engine required starting torque acts on what without an intermediate auxiliary unit is transferred to the crankshaft.
  • the invention advantageously creates a starter integrated vibration isolation, due to the Construction as direct starter is particularly simple, wear-free, is fast and quiet as it is possible Additives, such as additional clutches, additional gears, Freewheels, etc. not required.
  • the electrical machine Drive arrangement according to the invention also as a generator to supply electrical consumers of the Vehicle and / or one or more vehicle batteries serve.
  • the combination starter / generator saves one of the two commonly used for this Units, namely starters and alternators.
  • the use of the invention is also advantageous electrical machine as a generator Vehicle brake, the energy generated in particular saved for reuse.
  • the Braking energy is without additional units, such as conventional retarders, converted into electrical energy, largely wear-free the electromagnetic coupling of the electrical Machine.
  • the energy generated can paid directly to consumers or otherwise "heated” and / or stored recuperatively.
  • the invention has electrical machine also function as a Drive of the vehicle, in particular a drive aid in addition to the internal combustion engine, preferred as acceleration support (so-called booster function).
  • a drive aid in addition to the internal combustion engine, preferred as acceleration support (so-called booster function).
  • booster function acceleration support
  • the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle can be dimensioned weaker from the start, what the operation at higher effective medium pressure and consequently enables lower fuel consumption.
  • the electrical machine is preferably used the drive arrangement according to the invention also as active torsional vibration damper, which in particular in phase opposition to rotational irregularities in the drive train Alternating torques to compensate for the Generated rotational irregularities.
  • The can with the counter torque applied to the rotor on the input or output side connected to the drivetrain, i.e. the Vibration isolation upstream or downstream. If the rotor is coupled on the output side, for example, he is with an opposite phase equal amount Alternating torque applied to existing, torsional vibrations transcending the vibration isolation to compensate.
  • the electrical machine When generating one of the rotational irregularities opposite alternating torque the electrical machine alternating periodically as (accelerating) electric motor and as (braking) Generator operated.
  • the recovered in generator mode Energy can advantageously be stored temporarily become.
  • the invention achieves the aforementioned aim also by the subject matter of claim 15, that is by a method for operating the invention Drive arrangement in which the electrical Machine one or more of the above functions takes over.
  • the above apply to the procedure Analogous advantages.
  • the only figure shows a cross section schematic representation of an inventive Drive arrangement with a drive train Motor vehicle.
  • the torque transmission path of the shown Drive train of the drive arrangement runs from an internal combustion engine 2 via (not shown here) Elements, such as a clutch, by a in addition functionally connected electrical machine 4 through and over (not shown here) elements, such as another clutch, propeller shafts, etc., to a transmission 6.
  • the transmission 6 drives the wheels of the motor vehicle in a known manner.
  • the in the torque transmission path of the drive train located electrical machine 4 has a stationary, e.g. on the motor housing or on the Fixed vehicle body, equipped with stator coils 8 Stator 10 and a rotatable in the drive train arranged rotor 12.
  • the primary part 14 is via carrier 15, e.g. in the form of a one-sided cage, with the drive side of the drive train, here with one Crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 2, if necessary Couplings and / or connecting shafts (not shown), non-rotatably connected.
  • the rotor further comprises 12 an inner, to the primary part 14 concentric and in essential disc-shaped secondary part 18, the with the output side of the drive train, which leads to gear 6, is rotatably connected.
  • the secondary part 18 merges into a hub that opens firmly one leading to gear 6, possibly with additional shafts coupled shaft 17 sits.
  • the drive train shafts are in front and behind the electrical machine 4 in bearings 19, 20 out. This means that the rotor 12 due to the only elastic Coupling between primary and secondary part is only supported on one side.
  • the electrical machine 4 is an asynchrome machine here, whose stator coils 8 as a three-phase winding are trained, e.g. from a pulse inverter for generating rotary fields with Current suitable, freely adjustable frequency, phase and / or amplitude are fed.
  • the electric or magnetically active outer part of the primary part 14 forms a squirrel-cage squirrel-cage rotor in the axial direction extending cage bars 21 which at their ends by one conductor running along the circumference are electrically and mechanically connected. With advance induce the external rotating fields in the Short-circuit rotor currents, creating a torque the rotor 12 is exerted.
  • the primary part 14 and the secondary part 18 of the Rotors 12 are rotatable with respect to one another about the same axis stored and over a only schematically drawn Vibration isolation element 22 torsionally elastic with each other coupled.
  • the vibration isolation element 22 is e.g. from one or more spirals or Coil springs.
  • the inner primary part 14 the outer secondary part 18 in the radial direction so far that the outer Primary part 14 on or opposite to the secondary part 18 is rotatable.
  • the drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 is on the crankshaft 16 with the Crankshaft 16 - rigidly connected via the carrier 15 Primary part 14 and via the vibration isolation element 22 transferred to the secondary part 18; and from from there via shaft 17 to gear 6.
  • Any Torque fluctuations on the drive side of the Powertrain based on the discontinuous mode of operation of the internal combustion engine are through the vibration isolation element 22 weakened in the rotor 12 of the electrical machine 4, i.e. not or only to a small extent on that Secondary part 18 and thus on the output side of the drive train transfer.
  • the Vibration isolation the more effective the more Excitation frequency, here the frequency of the torque fluctuations of the internal combustion engine 2, above the natural frequency of the vibration system, i.e. ever the resonance frequency is lower.
  • the electrical machine 4 of the invention Drive arrangement can be in a motor vehicle also the function of a starter for starting the internal combustion engine and / or an alternator for energy supply of the vehicle. Therefor is the electric machine 4 with a control device 30 connected to the excitation currents of the stator windings 8 influenced in such a way that when the Starter key the electrical machine 4 as a motor (Starter) for starting the internal combustion engine works and then switched to generator operation becomes.
  • the electrical machine 4 also as a generator brake for wear-free Vehicle braking with recuperation of braking energy (so-called retarder function) as well as drive and acceleration support of the internal combustion engine (so-called booster function).
  • the electrical machine 4 also serve as an active torsional vibration damper to compensate for rotational irregularities in the Powertrain based primarily on gas and mass forces of the internal combustion engine 2 are.
  • the control device 30 controls the excitation currents of the stator windings 8 such that the the primary part 14 of the rotor 12 applied torque any torque fluctuations in the primary part 14 - and thus the one powered by the internal combustion engine Crankshaft and possibly coupled with it Waves - e.g. counteracts in phase.
  • Torsional vibrations are already largely actively compensated. Should there still be any residual vibrations remain on the primary part 14, they will by the vibration isolation member 22 between Primary and secondary part from the driven side shielded.
  • the active Vibration damping takes place in a controlled manner, e.g. is a Speed sensor 32 at a suitable location near the primary part 14 arranged to continuously the current Speed or angular segment speed of the primary part 14 to measure.
  • the detected by the speed sensor 32 The controller 30 becomes instantaneous speeds supplied, which the instantaneous value with a predetermined Compares the setpoint and then a control difference signal as a measure of any current or periodic rotational irregularity of the primary part 14 generated. Based on this rule difference the excitation currents of the stator 10 are controlled in such a way that the primary part 14 is in phase opposition with an alternating torque equal in amount to the rotational nonuniformity is applied.
  • there is a controlled one active damping possible at which the expected Rotational nonuniformity e.g. a previously saved one Map is taken and to generate an opposite phase alternating torque of the same amount.
  • the electrical machine 4 of the drive arrangement according to the invention for vibration damping and for generator Power generation can be used simultaneously.

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Abstract

An electric machine (4) has a stator (10) and a rotor (12) arranged in the driving train of a driving unit, for example on the crankshaft (16) of an internal combustion engine (2). An insulation against vibrations (22) integrated in the rotor (12) of the electric machine (4) is additionally incorporated into the driving train. The electric machine functions for example as a starter/generator, a generator brake, an auxiliary drive and/or an active vibration damper.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antriebsanordnung mit einem Antriebsstrang und einer dazu funktionell parallel geschalteten elektrischen Maschine, nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Antriebsanordnung insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a drive arrangement with a drive train and one functionally parallel to it switched electrical machine, according to The preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates a method for operating such a drive arrangement especially in a motor vehicle.

Aufgrund der diskontinuierlichen Arbeitsweise treten bei Verbrennungskolbenmotoren eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Schwingungserscheinungen auf. Besonders bemerkbar machen sich die durch Drehmomentschwankungen des Verbrennungsmotors verursachten Drehschwingungen im Antriebstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges. Diese pflanzen sich über die übrigen Fahrzeugkomponenten fort und führen zu einem für die Fahrzeuginsassen störenden Geräusch- und Vibrationspegel. Bedeutsam sind auch die durch Massenkräfte des Verbrennungsmotors hervorgerufenen Linearschwingungen des ganzen Motorblockes, die sich ebenfalls über den Antriebsstrang ausbreiten können.Because of the discontinuous way of working a large number occur in internal combustion piston engines different vibrations. Especially they are noticeable through torque fluctuations of the internal combustion engine Torsional vibrations in the drive train Motor vehicle. These plant themselves over the rest Vehicle components continue and lead to one for the Noise and vibration levels disturbing vehicle occupants. The mass forces are also significant of the internal combustion engine caused linear vibrations of the whole engine block, which itself can also spread over the drive train.

Zur Minderung der genannten Drehschwingungen schlägt die DE-A-4 100 937 eine Antriebsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art vor. Dort ist im Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges zwischen dessen Verbrennungsmotor und dessen Getriebe ein passiver Drehschwingungsdämpfer angeordnet, der ein vom Verbrennungsmotor angetriebenes Eingangsteil und ein auf einer Eingangswelle des Getriebes sitzendes Ausgangsteil aufweist, welches über eine Federung drehelastisch mit dem Eingangsteil verbunden ist. Ferner ist im Antriebsstrang hinter dem genannten passiven Drehschwingungsdämpfer ein aktiver Drehschwingungsdämpfer in Form einer elektrischen Maschine vorgesehen, deren Rotor auf der Eingangswelle des Getriebes sitzt und den am Ausgang des Drehschwingungsdämpfers noch verbleibenden Drehmomentschwankungen entgegenwirkt.To reduce the torsional vibrations mentioned DE-A-4 100 937 proposes a drive arrangement of the type mentioned above. There is in the drivetrain a motor vehicle between its Internal combustion engine and its gearbox a passive one Torsional vibration damper arranged, one of the Internal combustion engine driven input part and one sitting on an input shaft of the transmission Output part, which has a suspension is torsionally elastic connected to the input part. Further is in the drive train behind the passive mentioned Torsional vibration damper an active torsional vibration damper provided in the form of an electrical machine, their rotor on the input shaft of the gearbox sits and the at the exit of the torsional vibration damper torque fluctuations still remaining counteracts.

Die bekannte Anordnung ist jedoch in der Praxis häufig wegen des geringen Platzangebots im Antriebsbereich eines Kraftfahrzeuges nicht einsetzbar.However, the known arrangement is in practice often because of the limited space in the drive area of a motor vehicle cannot be used.

Ferner ist aus der DE-A-4 406 481 ein Starter/Generator bekannt, dessen Rotor auf einer rotierenden Welle eines Antriebsaggregates, z.B. einer Kurbelwelle eines Verbrennungsmotors, sitzt und zugleich als passiver Drehschwingungstilger ausgebildet ist. Dabei besteht der Rotor beispielsweise aus einer ringartigen - über eine Gummischicht elastisch angekoppelten - Tilgermasse, die gegenüber der rotierenden Welle im Rahmen der elastischen Ankopplung drehbeweglich ist. Die elastische Kopplung unterbricht im Gegensatz zur Schwingungsisolierung nicht etwa den Drehmomentweg der Welle: die Welle ist vielmehr starr durchgehend. Sie dient nur der Ankopplung der freien Tilgermasse.Furthermore, DE-A-4 406 481 is a starter / generator known whose rotor is rotating on a Shaft of a drive unit, e.g. a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, sits and at the same time as passive Torsional vibration damper is formed. There is the rotor, for example, from a ring-like - elastically coupled via a rubber layer - absorber mass, the opposite of the rotating shaft in the frame the elastic coupling is rotatable. The in contrast to the elastic coupling Vibration isolation is not about the torque path the wave: the wave is rather rigidly continuous. It only serves to connect the free absorber mass.

Der Tilgereffekt beruht auf einer Verstimmung des Schwingungssystems, indem das Grundsystem mit der Tilgermasse einen zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrad erhält und sich dadurch die Resonanzfrequenzen verschieben. Vollwirksam ist diese Maßnahme jedoch nur, wenn die Erregung des Grundsystems lediglich mit fester Frequenz in Nähe der (unverschobenen) Resonanz erfolgt. Da Verbrennungsmotoren meist mit variabler Drehzahl betrieben werden, sind bei einer praktisch realisierbaren Anzahl von Schwingungstilgern Resonanzen dennoch unvermeidbar.The absorber effect is based on an upset of the vibration system by using the basic system the absorber mass receives an additional degree of freedom and thereby shift the resonance frequencies. However, this measure is only fully effective if the excitation of the basic system only with a fixed frequency in the vicinity of the (undisplaced) resonance. Since internal combustion engines mostly with variable speed are operated are at a practically realizable Number of vibration absorbers resonate nevertheless unavoidable.

Auch die DE-U-29 502 906 offenbart eine Antriebsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art mit einer zu dem Antriebsstrang funktionell parallel geschalteten elektrischen Maschine, welche u.a. zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors sowie zum Antreiben, Bremsen und Synchronisieren des Antriebsstranges verwendet wird. Hierfür ist der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine antriebsseitig über eine Trennkupplung mit der Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors stellbar. Abtriebsseitig ist der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine starr oder drehelastisch auf der Eingangswelle des Getriebes gelagert. Die drehelastische Befestigung auf der Getriebeeingangswelle wird dadurch realisiert, daß der Rotor von an sich üblicher Bauweise in einem Schwenklager auf der Eingangswelle geführt und über eine torsionselastische Feder mit der Eingangswelle verbunden ist.DE-U-29 502 906 also discloses a drive arrangement of the type mentioned with a functionally connected in parallel to the drive train electrical machine, which among other things to start a Internal combustion engine and for driving, braking and used to synchronize the drive train becomes. For this, the rotor of the electrical machine is on the drive side via a clutch with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine adjustable. Is on the output side the rotor of the electrical machine is rigid or torsionally elastic mounted on the input shaft of the gearbox. The torsionally flexible fastening on the transmission input shaft is realized in that the rotor of conventional design in a pivot bearing the input shaft and a torsionally elastic Spring is connected to the input shaft.

Ferner beschreibt die WO 90/01126 noch einen Schwingungstilger üblicher Bauart, wie er häufig im Automobilbau eingesetzt wird.Furthermore, WO 90/01126 describes another Vibration damper of conventional design, as is often the case in Automotive engineering is used.

Aus der DE-A-4 036 301 ist noch ein System zur aktiven Schwingungsdämpfung bekannt, bei welchem über Einwirkung der Lichtmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges Störschwingungen im Antriebsstrang des Kraftfahrzeuges kompensiert werden.Another system is known from DE-A-4 036 301 known for active vibration damping, in which on the action of the alternator of a motor vehicle Interference vibrations in the drive train of the Motor vehicle to be compensated.

Aus DE-A-4 323 601 ist ferner eine Antriebsanordnung mit einem aus Kurbelwelle und Getriebeeingangswelle bestehenden Antriebsstrang und einer dazu funktionell parallel geschalteten elektrischen Maschine bekannt, die einen Startor und einen als Außenläufer ausgebildeten Rotor aufweist. Bei der bekannten Anordnung sind außerdem ein oder mehrere Torsionsdämpfer in an sich bekannter Weise in einer Trennkupplung zum Einkuppeln der Getriebeeingangswelle eingebaut. Diese Torsionsdämpfer sind aber nicht als Bestandteil des Rotors ausgebildet und wirken demgemäß nicht unmittelbar den störenden Drehungleichförmigkeiten des Antriebsstranges entgegen. Ein weiterer Torsionsdämpfer ist als elastische Verbindung des Rotors mit der Getriebeeingangswelle an der Rotornabe nach Art eines passiven Drehschwingungstilgers vorgesehen.From DE-A-4 323 601 a drive arrangement with a drive train consisting of crankshaft and transmission input shaft and an electrical functionally connected in parallel Machine known which has a startor and one as an external runner trained rotor. In the known arrangement are also one or more torsion dampers in known way in a clutch for engaging the Gearbox input shaft installed. These torsion dampers are but not designed and act as part of the rotor accordingly not directly the disturbing rotational irregularities of the drive train. Another torsion damper is an elastic connection between the rotor and the gearbox input shaft on the rotor hub in the manner of a passive torsional vibration damper intended.

Aus der DE-A-3 009 279 ist eine damit vergleichbare Antriebsanordnung bekannt. In der Figur 1 dieser Druckschrift ist ein Element in der Darstellung einer Kupplung der Antriebsanordnung eingezeichnet, welches als elastisches Federelement interpretiert werden kann. Der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine selbst weist zusätzlichen keine Dämpfungs- oder Federelemente auf.DE-A-3 009 279 is a drive arrangement comparable to this known. In Figure 1 of this document is a Element in the representation of a clutch of the drive arrangement drawn in, which interprets as an elastic spring element can be. The rotor of the electrical machine itself additionally has no damping or spring elements.

Desweiteren sind aus DE-C-1 680 669 und DE-C-688 630 verschiedenartige Kupplungen mit integrierten Federelementen bekannt.Furthermore, DE-C-1 680 669 and DE-C-688 630 are different types Couplings with integrated spring elements known.

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, ein verbessertes Antriebssystem mit Schwingungsisolierungseigenschaften zur Verfügung zu stellen.The invention aims to provide an improved Drive system with vibration isolation properties to provide.

Dieses Ziel erreicht die Erfindung durch den Gegenstand gemäß Anspruch 1.This object is achieved by the invention Article according to claim 1.

Danach umfaßt die erfindungsgemäße Antriebsanordnung einen Antriebsstrang und eine dazu funktionell parallel geschaltete elektrische Maschine, die einen Stator und einen vorzugsweise auf einer Welle, z.B. auf einer Kurbelwelle eines Verbrennungsmotors oder einer damit gekoppelten Welle, sitzenden Rotor aufweist, der im Drehmomentweg des Antriebsstranges angeordnet ist, wobei im Drehmomentweg des Antriebsstranges eine Schwingungsisolierung eingefügt ist und der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine bezüglich seiner elektrischen und magnetischen Funktionen innen hohl ausgebildet und die Schwingungsisolierung im Hohlraum des Rotors untergebracht ist.Thereafter, the drive arrangement according to the invention comprises a drivetrain and one to it functionally connected electrical machine, one stator and one preferably on a shaft, e.g. on a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine or a shaft coupled to it, a seated rotor has that in the torque path of the drive train is arranged, in the torque path of the drive train vibration isolation inserted and the rotor of the electrical machine its electrical and magnetic functions inside hollow and the vibration isolation in Cavity of the rotor is housed.

Dabei ist der Rotor mit seinem radial außenliegenden Primärteil mit einer der Antriebs- und Abtriebsseite des Antriebsstranges und mit seinem radial innenliegenden Sekundärteil mit der anderen der Antriebs- und Abtriebsseite verbunden, und die Schwingungsisolierung ist zwischen dem Primärteil und dem Sekundärteil des Rotors angeordnet.Here is the rotor with its radially outer primary part with one of the drive and output side of the drive train and with its radially inner secondary part with the other the drive and output side connected, and the vibration isolation is between the primary part and the secondary part arranged of the rotor.

Weil der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine - was seine elektrischen und magnetischen Funktionen angeht - innen hohl ist, findet kein elektrischer und/oder magnetischer Rückfluß über die Rotorachse statt. Der Rotor ähnelt z.B. einem Hohlzylinder. Der Hohlraum im Rotor bietet Platz für die Aufnahme der Schwingungsisolierung.Because the rotor of the electrical machine - what its electrical and magnetic functions concerns - is hollow inside, finds no electrical and / or magnetic reflux over the rotor axis instead. The Rotor resembles e.g. a hollow cylinder. The cavity in the Rotor offers space for the vibration isolation.

Durch diese Bauweise mit radial außen angeordnetem magnetischen Rückfluß und hierzu radial innen angeordneter Schwingungsisolierung ergeben sich - insbesondere beim Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen - folgende Vorteile: die mit der Schwingungsisolierung kombinierte elektrische Maschine zeichnet sich durch ihre einfache und axial kompakte Bauweise aus. Durch die Integration der Schwingungsisolierung im Hohlraum des Rotors werden nicht nur Gewicht, sondern auch Abmessungen des kombinierten Systems entscheidend verringert, so daß die erfindungsgemäße mit der Schwingungsisolierung kombinierte elektrische Maschine im Motor- oder Antriebsbereich eines Kraftfahrzeuges auch bei geringem Platzangebot untergebracht werden kann. Anders als bei dem zuvor beschriebenen Schwingungsdämpfungssystem ist die Schwingungsisolierung nunmehr Teil der im Antriebsstrang angeordneten elektrischen Maschine selbst. Diese Art der Intergration impliziert ferner eine andere Platzausnutzung, nämlich in Richtung einer radialen Erstreckung der Schwungmassen der Schwingungsisolierung. Dies ist dann von Vorteil, wenn durch Erhöhung des Trägheitsmoments die Schwingungseigenschaften des Antriebsstranges variiert werden sollen. Bei gleichen Massen erzielt man bei einer solchen radialen Anordnung ein höheres Trägheitsmoment, was sich ingesamt positiv auf das Fahrzeuggewicht auswirkt.Due to this design with radially outside magnetic reflux and this radially inside arranged vibration isolation result - especially when used in motor vehicles - the following Advantages: the one combined with the vibration isolation is characterized by its electrical machine simple and axially compact design. Through the Integration of vibration isolation in the cavity of the rotor are not only weight, but also dimensions of the combined system is crucial reduced so that the invention with the Vibration isolation combined electrical machine in the engine or drive area of a motor vehicle accommodated even with limited space can be. Different from the one previously described Vibration damping system is the vibration isolation now part of those arranged in the drive train electrical machine itself. This type of integration also implies a different use of space, namely in the direction of a radial extension of the Inertia masses of vibration isolation. This is then advantageous if by increasing the moment of inertia the vibration properties of the drive train should be varied. Achieved with the same mass one with such a radial arrangement a higher one Moment of inertia, which is positive overall affects the vehicle weight.

Die Wirkung der Schwingungsisolierung innerhalb des Rotors der elektrischen Maschine beruht im wesentlichen darauf, daß z.B. ein oder mehrere elastische Koppelelemente zwischen der mit dem Antriebsaggregat verbundenen Antriebsseite des Rotors und der z.B. mit einer zum Getriebe führenden Welle verbundenen Abtriebsseite des Rotors zwischengeschaltet sind, um die Übertragung etwaiger antriebsseitiger Drehmomentschwankungen auf die Abtriebsseite zumindest weitgehend zu verhindern.The effect of vibration isolation within of the rotor of the electrical machine is based on essential that e.g. one or more elastic Coupling elements between the with the drive unit connected drive side of the rotor and e.g. connected to a shaft leading to the gearbox Intermediate output side of the rotor are to the transmission of any drive side Torque fluctuations on the output side at least largely prevent.

Bekanntlich wird durch den Einbau elastischer Koppelelemente zwischen Schwingungssystemen die Übertragung der Schwingungsenergie bei Erregerfrequenzen oberhalb einer Resonanzfrequenz der Schwingungssysteme dynamisch verringert. Da bei dieser Art der Schwingungsisolierung die Resonanzfrequenz kleiner als die Erregerfrequenz ist, und eine niedrige Resonanzfrequenz durch geringe Federsteifigkeit und/oder hohes Trägheitsmoment erzielt wird, nennt man diesen Betriebsbereich auch "weiche Abstimmung". Der Schwingungsisolierungseffekt beruht im wesentlichen darauf, daß die Ausgangsseite der Schwingungsisolierung der durch die Erregerquelle erzeugten Schwingungen der Eingangsseite bei weicher Abstimmung derart "hinterherhinkt", daß kein merklicher Energieübertrag stattfindet - und zwar umso weniger, je größer die Erregerfrequenz gegenüber der Resonanzfrequenz ist.As is well known, the installation makes it more elastic Coupling elements between vibration systems Transmission of vibrational energy at excitation frequencies above a resonance frequency of Vibration systems dynamically reduced. Because with this Type of vibration isolation the resonance frequency is less than the excitation frequency, and a low one Resonance frequency due to low spring stiffness and / or high moment of inertia is achieved this area of operation is also called "soft tuning". The vibration isolation effect is based on essential that the exit side of the Vibration isolation of those generated by the excitation source Vibrations on the input side when softer Vote so "lagging behind" that no noticeable Energy transfer takes place - and all the less, the greater the excitation frequency compared to the resonance frequency is.

Die im Rotor integrierte Schwingungsisolierung schirmt daher den dahinter liegenden Teil des Antriebsstranges gegenüber Drehschwingungen aus dem antriebsseitigen Teil des Antriebsstrangs ab. Daneben erfolgt je nach Auslegung der Schwingungsisolierung eine Isolierung auch gegenüber Linearschwingungen aus dem Verbrennungsmotor.The vibration isolation integrated in the rotor therefore shields the part of the drive train behind it against torsional vibrations from the part of the drive train on the drive side. Besides depending on the design of the vibration isolation insulation against linear vibrations from the internal combustion engine.

Bei einer bevorzugten Variante umfaßt die im Rotor integrierte Schwingungsisolierung zwei Grundelemente, wobei eines der Grundelemente - nachfolgend Primärteil genannt - mit der Antriebsseite des Antriebsstranges, z.B. mit einer Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors, und das andere Grundelement - nachfolgend Sekundärteil genannt - mit der Abtriebsseite des Antriebsstranges, z.B. mit einer Eingangswelle des Getriebes, drehfest verbundenen ist; und die beiden Grundelemente drehelastisch miteinander gekoppelt sind. Mit anderen Worten sind die beiden Grundelemente gegeneinander drehschwingungsisoliert.In a preferred variant, the im Rotor integrated vibration isolation two basic elements, being one of the basic elements - below Called primary part - with the drive side of the drive train, e.g. with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and the other basic element - below Called secondary part - with the driven side of the Drive train, e.g. with an input shaft of the gearbox, is non-rotatably connected; and the two Basic elements coupled with each other in a torsionally flexible manner are. In other words, the two basic elements isolated from torsional vibration.

Selbstverständlich lassen sich die beiden Grundelemente im oben beschriebenen Rotor in beiden möglichen Anordnungen im Antriebsstrang einbauen, nämlich das Primärteil antriebsseitig verbunden mit dem Verbrennungsmotor und das Sekundärteil mit dem Abtrieb, oder umgekehrt. Entsprechend ist die elektrische Maschine direkt oder über die Schwingungsisolierung mit dem Verbrennungsmotor bzw. dem Abtrieb gekoppelt. Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiel des Primär- und Sekundärteils gilt für beide der möglichen Anordnungen.Of course, the two Basic elements in the rotor described above in both install possible arrangements in the drive train, namely the primary part connected on the drive side the internal combustion engine and the secondary part with the Downforce, or vice versa. The electrical is corresponding Machine directly or through vibration isolation coupled with the internal combustion engine or the output. The following description is more preferred Embodiment of the primary and secondary part applies for both of the possible arrangements.

Auch wenn durch die bezüglich der elektrischen und magnetischen Funktionen hohle Bauweise des Rotors grundsätzlich eine weitgehende Konstruktionsfreiheit hinsichtlich der Schwingungsisolierung gegeben ist, ist der Rotor bei einer besonders kompakten Variante ringförmig ausgebildet und die Schwingungsisolierung mit ihren beiden Grundelementen hierzu konzentrisch und im Inneren des Rotors angeordnet. Auf diese Weise läßt sich eine kompakte und robuste elastische Kopplung zwischen Primär- und Sekundärteil realisieren, z.B. durch mehrere entlang des Umfangs zwischen den gegeneinander drehbar gelagerten Primär- und Sekundärteilen angeordneten Federelementen, die jeweils mit einem Ende am Primärteil und mit ihrem anderen Ende am Sekundärteil befestigt sind.Even if by the regarding the electrical and magnetic functions hollow construction of the rotor basically a great deal of design freedom given in terms of vibration isolation is, the rotor is particularly compact Variant ring-shaped and the vibration isolation concentric with its two basic elements and arranged inside the rotor. On this allows a compact and robust elastic Coupling between primary and secondary part realize, e.g. by several along the circumference between the primary rotatably mounted and secondary parts arranged spring elements, each with one end on the primary part and with are attached at the other end to the secondary part.

Vorteilhaft bildet der Rotor selbst eines der beiden Grundelemente der Schwingungsisolierung, z.B. das Primärteil. In diesem Fall umfaßtdie elektrische Maschine im wesentlichen drei Baugruppen, nämlich Stator, Rotor/Primärteil und Sekundärteil der Schwingungsisolierung.The rotor itself advantageously forms one of the two Basic elements of vibration isolation, e.g. the primary part. In this case, the electrical machine comprises essentially three assemblies, namely stator, Rotor / primary part and secondary part of the vibration isolation.

Wie bereits vorstehend erwähnt, ist die dynamische Schwingungsisolierung vor allem wirksam im Bereich weicher Abstimmung, d.h. oberhalb der Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingungssystems, also bei niedriger Resonanzfrequenz. Eine solche weiche Abstimmung wird vorzugsweise dadurch erreicht, daß an dem Primärteil und/oder an dem Sekundärteil zusätzliche Schwungmassen vorgesehen sind. Diese sind ausgewuchtet, insbesondere rotationssymmetrisch, z.B. ringförmig. Durch Variation der Schwungmassen und/oder durch Variation der Steifigkeit der elastischen Kopplung lassen sich die Schwingungseigenschaften des Antriebsstranges in weitem Umfang beeinflussen. Durch das Trägheitsmoment erhöhende Zusatzmassen am Primär- und/oder Sekundärteil und/oder ggf. Wahl einer geringen Federsteifigkeit kann die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingungssystems i.a. unter den Erregerfrequenzbereich verschoben werden. Selbst wenn die Erregerfrequenz über einen weiten Bereich variiert, wie z. B. um den Drehzahlbereich eines Verbrennungsmotors, werden durch die genannte Maßnahme zumindest Resonanzen im Bereich hoher kritischer Drehzahlen vermieden. Im Fall zweier Schwungmassen nennt man eine derartige Schwingungsisolierung auch "Zwei-Massen-Schwungrad".As mentioned above, the dynamic Vibration isolation especially effective in Soft tuning range, i.e. above the resonance frequency of the vibration system, i.e. at a lower one Resonance frequency. Such a smooth vote is preferably achieved in that the Primary part and / or additional on the secondary part Inertia are provided. These are balanced especially rotationally symmetrical, e.g. annular. By varying the inertia masses and / or by varying the stiffness of the elastic coupling the vibration properties of the drive train influence to a large extent. By additional masses increasing the moment of inertia on Primary and / or secondary part and / or choice of one if necessary low spring stiffness can reduce the resonance frequency of the vibration system i.a. under the excitation frequency range be moved. Even if the excitation frequency varies over a wide range, e.g. B. around the speed range of an internal combustion engine, are at least resonances by the measure mentioned avoided in the area of high critical speeds. In the case of two flywheels, one is called such vibration isolation also "two-mass flywheel".

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Variante sind die genannten Schwungmassen nach Art eines Schwingungstilgers drehelastisch mit dem jeweiligen Primärund/oder Sekundärteil gekoppelt. Zusätzlich zu dem Schwingungsisolierungseffekt der elastischen Kopplung zwischen Primär- und Sekundärteil wird hierdurch auf einfache Weise auch ein Tilgereffekt erzielt. Hiermit kann man vorteilhaft die Resonanzfrequenz des Systems weiter in günstige Bereiche, z.B. zu niedrigeren Frequenzen hin, verschieben und ggf. die Schwingungsminderung des Systems erhöhen.In a further advantageous variant the flywheels mentioned in the manner of a vibration damper torsionally elastic with the respective primary and / or Abutment coupled. In addition to that Vibration isolation effect of the elastic coupling between primary and secondary part achieved an absorber effect in a simple manner. Herewith can be advantageous the resonance frequency of the system further into favorable areas, e.g. to lower Frequencies, shift and possibly the vibration reduction of the system increase.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme zur Unterstützung der Schwingungsminderung besteht darin, Reibflächen zwischen drehelastisch gelagerten Teilen des Primär- und Sekundärteils - zumindest abschnittsweise - vorzusehen. Diese Reibflächen wirken dämpfend oder genauer energiedissipierend. Sollte trotz der zuvor genannten Maßnahmen die Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingungssystems im Drehzahlbereich des Verbrennungsmotors liegen, bewirken die Reibflächen zwischen Primär- und Sekundärteil aufgrund der Dämpfung eine Abflachung der störenden Resonanzüberhöhung.Another beneficial measure to support the vibration reduction is Friction surfaces between torsionally elastic parts of the primary and secondary part - at least in sections - to be provided. These friction surfaces have a dampening effect or more precisely energy dissipating. Despite the previously mentioned measures the resonance frequency of the vibration system in the speed range of the internal combustion engine lie, cause the friction surfaces between Primary and secondary part due to the damping a flattening of the disturbing resonance increase.

Der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine ist vorteilhaft mit einem der beiden Grundelemente, d.h. entweder dem Primärteil oder dem Sekundärteil, drehfest gekoppelt. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Maschine übernimmt das mit dem Rotor drehfest gekoppelte und gegebenenfalls einstückige Grundelement der Schwingungsisolierung keine elektrischen oder magnetischen Funktionen des Rotors. Diese beiden Teile sind also hinsichtlich dieser Funktionen funktionell entkoppelt (in mechanischer Hinsicht besteht jedoch eine funktionelle Kopplung aufgrund der Masse des Rotors, die zum Trägheitsmoment des Schwingungssystems beiträgt).The rotor of the electrical machine is advantageous with one of the two basic elements, i.e. either the primary part or the secondary part, rotatably coupled. In this configuration, the electrical The machine takes over what is rotatably coupled to the rotor and possibly one-piece basic element the vibration isolation no electrical or magnetic functions of the rotor. These two Parts are functional in terms of these functions decoupled (however, in mechanical terms there is a functional coupling due to the mass of the rotor leading to the moment of inertia of the vibration system contributes).

Während bei üblichen Antriebsanordnungen elektrische Maschinen, die auf einer Welle im Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges sitzen, einen zweiseitig gelagerten Rotor aufweisen, ist vorliegend der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine vorteilhaft nur einseitig gelagert und schafft günstigerweise einen Hohlraum für die Integration der Schwingungsisolierung. Das mit dem Rotor nicht drehfest gekoppelte Grundelement der Schwingungsisolierung weist im allgemeinen eine weitere Lagerung auf, die aber aufgrund der zwischengeschalteten elastischen Kopplung keine Lagerung des Rotors an sich (sowie des anderen Grundelements) darstellt.While with conventional drive arrangements electrical machines running on a shaft in the drivetrain of a motor vehicle, one-sided have mounted rotor, in the present case the rotor is the electrical machine advantageously only supported on one side and conveniently creates a void for integration the vibration isolation. The one with the rotor Basic element of vibration isolation that is not coupled in a rotationally fixed manner generally has further storage on, but due to the intermediary elastic coupling no bearing on the rotor represents itself (as well as the other basic element).

Grundsätzlich kommt für die Erfindung jegliche Art elektrischer Maschine - ob Gleichstrom-, Wechselstrom-, Drehstromasynchron, Drehstromsynchron oder Linearmaschine - in betracht, die je nach Verwendungszweck ein geeignetes Drehmoment aufbringen kann. Für die Integration der Schwingungsisolierung besonders günstig ist eine Drehfeldmaschine in Asynchronoder Synchronbauweise, deren Rotor ein Kurzschlußläufer oder ein Rotor mit ausgeprägten Magnetpolen ist. Der Kurzschlußläufer bei der Asynchronmaschine kann z.B. ein hohler Käfigläufer mit Käfigstäben in Axialrichtung sein. Bei anderen Ausgestaltungen weist der Läufer Wicklungen auf, die über Schleifringe extern kurz schließbar sind. Die ausgeprägten Magnetpole des Rotors bei der Synchronmaschine erreicht man z.B. durch Permanentmagneten oder bevorzugt durch Elektromagneten, die z.B. über Schleifringe mit Erregerstrom gespeist werden.Basically, any comes for the invention Type of electrical machine - whether direct current, alternating current, Three-phase asynchronous, three-phase synchronous or Linear machine - considered depending on the purpose can apply a suitable torque. Especially for the integration of vibration isolation A three-phase machine in asynchronous or is cheap Synchronous design, the rotor one Short-circuit rotor or a rotor with pronounced magnetic poles is. The short-circuit rotor in the asynchronous machine can e.g. a hollow cage runner with cage bars be in the axial direction. In other configurations the runner has windings over slip rings can be short-circuited externally. The distinctive magnetic poles of the rotor in the synchronous machine e.g. by permanent magnets or preferred by electromagnets, e.g. via slip rings with Excitation current can be fed.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die elektrische Maschine der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung als Starter zum Starten des antriebsseitig gekoppelten Verbrennungsmotors einsetzbar. Dabei wird der z. B. mit einer Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors entweder starr oder über die Schwingungsisolierung verbundene Rotor der elektrischen Maschine mit dem zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors erforderlichen Anlaufmoment beaufschlagt, was ohne dazwischengeschaltetes Hilfsaggragat auf die Kurbelwelle übertragen wird. Auf diese Weise schafft die Erfindung vorteilhaft einen Starter mit integrierter Schwingungsisolierung, der aufgrund der Bauweise als Direktstarter besonders einfach, verschleißfrei, schnell und geräuscharm ist, da er etwaige Zusatzmittel, wie Zusatzkupplungen, Zusatzgetriebe, Freiläufe, etc. nicht benötigt.The electrical machine is particularly advantageous the drive arrangement according to the invention as Starter for starting the internal combustion engine coupled on the drive side used. The z. B. with a Crankshaft of the internal combustion engine either rigid or connected via the vibration isolation Rotor of the electrical machine with the one to start of the internal combustion engine required starting torque acts on what without an intermediate auxiliary unit is transferred to the crankshaft. To this The invention advantageously creates a starter integrated vibration isolation, due to the Construction as direct starter is particularly simple, wear-free, is fast and quiet as it is possible Additives, such as additional clutches, additional gears, Freewheels, etc. not required.

Bevorzugt kann die elektrische Maschine der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung auch als Generator zur Versorgung elektrischer Verbraucher des Fahrzeuges und/oder einer oder mehrerer Fahrzeugbatterien dienen. Sitzt die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine mit ihrem Rotor z.B. auf der Kurbelwelle eines Kraftfahrzeug-Verbrennungsmotors und wird dieser mit dem erforderlichen Anlaufdrehmoment beaufschlagt, kann sie beim Starten als Motor und nach erfolgtem Start des Verbrennungsmotors als Generator betrieben werden. Die Kombination Starter/Generator spart eine der beiden üblicherweise hierfür eingesetzten Aggregate, nämlich Anlasser und Lichtmaschine.Preferably, the electrical machine Drive arrangement according to the invention also as a generator to supply electrical consumers of the Vehicle and / or one or more vehicle batteries serve. Sits the electric according to the invention Machine with its rotor e.g. on the crankshaft a motor vehicle internal combustion engine and this is loaded with the required starting torque, can be used when starting as an engine and after Start of the internal combustion engine as a generator operate. The combination starter / generator saves one of the two commonly used for this Units, namely starters and alternators.

Vorteilhaft ist auch der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen elektrische Maschine als generatorische Fahrzeugbremse, wobei die erzeugte Energie insbesondere zur Wiederverwendung gespeichert wird. Die Bremsenergie wird dabei ohne Zusatzaggregate, wie herkömmliche Retarder, in elektrische Energie umgewandelt, und zwar weitgehend verschleißfrei aufgrund der elektromagnetischen Kopplung der elektrischen Maschine. Grundsätzlich kann die dabei erzeugte Energie an Verbraucher direkt abgeführt oder anderweitig "verheizt" und/oder auch rekuperativ gespeichert werden.The use of the invention is also advantageous electrical machine as a generator Vehicle brake, the energy generated in particular saved for reuse. The Braking energy is without additional units, such as conventional retarders, converted into electrical energy, largely wear-free the electromagnetic coupling of the electrical Machine. Basically, the energy generated can paid directly to consumers or otherwise "heated" and / or stored recuperatively.

Bei einer weiteren Variante hat die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine auch die Funktion eines Antriebes des Fahrzeuges, insbesondere einer Antriebshilfe neben dem Verbrennungsmotor, bevorzugt als Beschleunigungsunterstützung (sog. Boosterfunktion). Der Verbrennungsmotor des Kraftfahrzeuges kann dabei von vornherein schwächer dimensioniert sein, was den Betrieb bei höherem effektiven Mitteldruck und folglich einen niedrigeren Kraftstoffverbrauch ermöglicht.In a further variant, the invention has electrical machine also function as a Drive of the vehicle, in particular a drive aid in addition to the internal combustion engine, preferred as acceleration support (so-called booster function). The internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle can be dimensioned weaker from the start, what the operation at higher effective medium pressure and consequently enables lower fuel consumption.

Vorzugsweise dient die elektrische Maschine der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung auch als aktiver Drehschwingungsdämpfer, der insbesondere gegenphasig zu Drehungleichförmigkeiten im Antriebsstrang Wechseldrehmomente zur Kompensation der Drehungleichförmigkeiten erzeugt. Dabei kann der mit dem Gegenmoment beaufschlagte Rotor an- oder abtriebsseitig mit dem Antriebsstrang verbunden, d.h. der Schwingungsisolierung vor- oder nachgeschaltet, sein. Ist der Rotor beispielsweise abtriebsseitig gekoppelt, wird er mit einem gegenphasigen betragsgleichen Wechseldrehmoment beaufschlagt, um noch vorhandene, die Schwingungsisolierung übertretende Drehschwingungen zu kompensieren.The electrical machine is preferably used the drive arrangement according to the invention also as active torsional vibration damper, which in particular in phase opposition to rotational irregularities in the drive train Alternating torques to compensate for the Generated rotational irregularities. The can with the counter torque applied to the rotor on the input or output side connected to the drivetrain, i.e. the Vibration isolation upstream or downstream. If the rotor is coupled on the output side, for example, he is with an opposite phase equal amount Alternating torque applied to existing, torsional vibrations transcending the vibration isolation to compensate.

Hierbei wirkt sich die geringe Baugröße der erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine besonders günstig aus, da die elektrische Maschine selbst bei geringstem Platzangebot in unmittelbarer Nähe des Verbrennungsmotors untergebracht werden kann, also am Ort einer der Hauptschwingungs- bzw. -störquellen im Fahrzeug, dort, wo der Schwingungs- bzw. Geräuschbildung bereits in ihrem Ansatz einfach und effektiv entgegengewirkt werden kann.This affects the small size of the invention electrical machine especially favorable because the electrical machine even at the slightest Space in the immediate vicinity of the internal combustion engine can be accommodated on Location of one of the main sources of vibration or interference in the Vehicle, where the vibration or noise counteracted simply and effectively in their approach can be.

Bei der Erzeugung eines den Drehungleichförmigkeiten entgegengesetzten Wechselmoments wird die elektrische Maschine periodisch abwechselnd als (beschleunigender) Elektromotor und als (bremsender) Generator betrieben. Die im Generatorbetrieb zurückgewonnene Energie kann vorteilhaft zwischengespeichert werden.When generating one of the rotational irregularities opposite alternating torque the electrical machine alternating periodically as (accelerating) electric motor and as (braking) Generator operated. The recovered in generator mode Energy can advantageously be stored temporarily become.

Die Erfindung erreicht das vorgenannte Ziel auch durch den Gegenstand nach Anspruch 15, also durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung, bei welchem die elektrische Maschine eine oder mehrere der oben genannten Funktionen übernimmt. Für das Verfahren gelten die genannten Vorteile analog.The invention achieves the aforementioned aim also by the subject matter of claim 15, that is by a method for operating the invention Drive arrangement in which the electrical Machine one or more of the above functions takes over. The above apply to the procedure Analogous advantages.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele. In der Beschreibung wird auf die beigefügte schematische Zeichnung Bezug genommen.Further advantages and refinements of the invention result from the following description preferred embodiments. In the description is attached to the schematic drawing Referred.

Die einzige Figur zeigt im Querschnitt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung mit einem Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeuges.The only figure shows a cross section schematic representation of an inventive Drive arrangement with a drive train Motor vehicle.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung geht - lediglich aus Gründen einer einfachen Darstellung - von einem Antriebsstrang eines Kraftfahrzeug-Verbrennungsmotors aus, ohne sich jedoch darauf beschränken zu wollen. Die erfindungsgemäße Antriebsanordnung ist genauso gut für andere Antriebsysteme, z.B. Werkzeugmaschinen, geeignet.The following description goes - only for the sake of a simple representation - from one Drive train of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine from, but not limited to to want. The drive arrangement according to the invention is just as good for other drive systems, e.g. Machine tools, suitable.

Der Drehmomentübertragungsweg des dargestellten Antriebsstranges der Antriebsanordnung läuft von einem Verbrennungsmotor 2 über (hier nicht dargestellte) Elemente, wie etwa eine Kupplung, durch eine dazu funktionell parallel geschaltete elektrische Maschine 4 hindurch und über (hier nicht dargestellte) Elemente, wie etwa eine weitere Kupplung, Gelenkwellen, etc., zu einem Getriebe 6. Das Getriebe 6 treibt die Räder des Kraftfahrzeuges auf bekannte Art und Weise an.The torque transmission path of the shown Drive train of the drive arrangement runs from an internal combustion engine 2 via (not shown here) Elements, such as a clutch, by a in addition functionally connected electrical machine 4 through and over (not shown here) elements, such as another clutch, propeller shafts, etc., to a transmission 6. The transmission 6 drives the wheels of the motor vehicle in a known manner.

Die im Drehmomentübertragungsweg des Antriebsstranges befindliche elektrische Maschine 4 weist einen ortsfesten, z.B. am Motorgehäuse oder an der Fahrzeugkarosserie befestigten, mit Statorspulen 8 bestückten Stator 10 sowie einen drehbeweglichen im Antriebsstrang angeordneten Rotor 12 auf. Dieser umfaßt ein äußeres ringförmiges Teil 14, welches die elektrischen bzw. magnetischen Funktionen des Rotors sowie die Funktion einer der beiden Grundelemente einer Schwingungsisolierung in einem Stück vereinigt und im folgenden Primärteil genannt wird. Das Primärteil 14 ist über Träger 15, z.B. in Form eines einseitigen Käfigs, mit der Antriebsseite des Antriebsstranges, hier mit einer Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors 2 ggf. über (nicht dargestellte) Kupplungen und/oder Verbindungswellen, drehfest verbunden. Ferner umfaßt der Rotor 12 ein inneres, zum Primärteil 14 konzentrisches und im wesentlichen scheibenförmigen Sekundärteil 18, das mit der Abtriebsseite des Antriebsstranges, welches zum Getriebe 6 führt, drehfest verbunden ist. Das Sekundärteil 18 geht dabei in eine Nabe über, die fest auf einer zum Getriebe 6 führenden, ggf. mit weiteren Wellen gekoppelten Welle 17 sitzt.The in the torque transmission path of the drive train located electrical machine 4 has a stationary, e.g. on the motor housing or on the Fixed vehicle body, equipped with stator coils 8 Stator 10 and a rotatable in the drive train arranged rotor 12. This includes an outer annular part 14, which the electrical or magnetic functions of the rotor and the function of one of the two basic elements of a Vibration isolation combined in one piece and in following primary part is called. The primary part 14 is via carrier 15, e.g. in the form of a one-sided cage, with the drive side of the drive train, here with one Crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 2, if necessary Couplings and / or connecting shafts (not shown), non-rotatably connected. The rotor further comprises 12 an inner, to the primary part 14 concentric and in essential disc-shaped secondary part 18, the with the output side of the drive train, which leads to gear 6, is rotatably connected. The secondary part 18 merges into a hub that opens firmly one leading to gear 6, possibly with additional shafts coupled shaft 17 sits.

Die Antriebsstrangwellen sind vor und hinter der elektrischen Maschine 4 in Lagern 19, 20 geführt. Dies bedeutet, daß der Rotor 12 aufgrund der nur elastischen Kopplung zwischen Primär- und Sekundärteil lediglich einseitig gelagert ist.The drive train shafts are in front and behind the electrical machine 4 in bearings 19, 20 out. This means that the rotor 12 due to the only elastic Coupling between primary and secondary part is only supported on one side.

Die elektrische Maschine 4 ist hier eine Asynchromaschine, deren Statorspulen 8 als Drehstromwicklung ausgebildet sind, die z.B. von einem Pulswechselrichter zur Erzeugung von Drehfeldern mit Strom geeigneter, frei einstellbarer Frequenz, Phase und/oder Amplitude gespeist werden. Der elektrisch bzw. magnetisch wirksame äußere Teil des Primärteils 14 bildet einen Kurzschluß-Käfigläufer mit in Axialrichtung verlaufenden Käfigstäben 21, die an ihren Enden durch je einen längs des Umfangs verlaufenden Leiter elektrisch und mechanisch verbunden sind. Bei Voreilung induzieren die äußeren Drehfelder im Kurzschlußläufer Ströme, wodurch ein Drehmoment auf den Läufer bzw. Rotor 12 ausgeübt wird.The electrical machine 4 is an asynchrome machine here, whose stator coils 8 as a three-phase winding are trained, e.g. from a pulse inverter for generating rotary fields with Current suitable, freely adjustable frequency, phase and / or amplitude are fed. The electric or magnetically active outer part of the primary part 14 forms a squirrel-cage squirrel-cage rotor in the axial direction extending cage bars 21 which at their ends by one conductor running along the circumference are electrically and mechanically connected. With advance induce the external rotating fields in the Short-circuit rotor currents, creating a torque the rotor 12 is exerted.

Das Primärteil 14 und das Sekundärteil 18 des Rotors 12 sind um dieselbe Achse drehbar zueinander gelagert und über ein nur schematisch eingezeichnetes Schwingungsisolierungselement 22 drehelastisch miteinander gekoppelt. Das Schwingungsisolierungselement 22 besteht z.B. aus einer oder mehreren Spiraloder Schraubenfedern. Bei einer bevorzugten Variante umgreift dabei das innere Primärteil 14 das äußere Sekundärteil 18 in radialer Richtung soweit, daß das äußere Primärteil 14 auf bzw. gegenüber dem Sekundärteil 18 drehbar ist. Ferner sind zwischen Primär- und Sekundärteil 14, 18 mehrere Spiralfedern in Umfangsrichtung angeordnet und jeweils mit einem Ende am Primärteil 14 und mit ihrem anderen Ende am Sekundärteil 18 befestigt, so daß das Primär- und das Sekundärteil 14, 18 über die Spiralfedern drehelastisch miteinander gekoppelt sind.The primary part 14 and the secondary part 18 of the Rotors 12 are rotatable with respect to one another about the same axis stored and over a only schematically drawn Vibration isolation element 22 torsionally elastic with each other coupled. The vibration isolation element 22 is e.g. from one or more spirals or Coil springs. In a preferred variant encompasses the inner primary part 14 the outer secondary part 18 in the radial direction so far that the outer Primary part 14 on or opposite to the secondary part 18 is rotatable. There are also between the primary and secondary part 14, 18 several spiral springs in the circumferential direction arranged and each with one end on the primary part 14 and with its other end on the secondary part 18 attached so that the primary and secondary 14, 18 coupled with each other via the spiral springs are.

Das Antriebsdrehmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 2 wird über die Kurbelwelle 16 auf das mit der Kurbelwelle 16 - über die Träger 15 - starr verbundene Primärteil 14 und über das Schwingungsisolierungselement 22 auf das Sekundärteil 18 übertragen; und von dort aus über die Welle 17 zum Getriebe 6. Etwaige Drehmomentschwankungen auf der Antriebsseite des Antriebsstranges, die auf die diskontinuierliche Arbeitsweise des Kolbenverbrennungsmotors zurückzuführen sind, werden durch das Schwingungsisolierungselement 22 im Rotor 12 der elektrischen Maschine 4 abgeschwächt, d.h. nicht bzw. nur in geringem Maße auf das Sekundärteil 18 und damit auf die Abtriebsseite des Antriebsstranges übertragen.The drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 is on the crankshaft 16 with the Crankshaft 16 - rigidly connected via the carrier 15 Primary part 14 and via the vibration isolation element 22 transferred to the secondary part 18; and from from there via shaft 17 to gear 6. Any Torque fluctuations on the drive side of the Powertrain based on the discontinuous mode of operation of the internal combustion engine are through the vibration isolation element 22 weakened in the rotor 12 of the electrical machine 4, i.e. not or only to a small extent on that Secondary part 18 and thus on the output side of the drive train transfer.

Wie bereits einleitend ausgeführt, ist die Schwingungsisolierung um so wirksamer, je mehr die Erregerfrequenz, hier die Frequenz der Drehmomentschwankungen des Verbrennungsmotors 2, über der Eigenfrequenz des Schwingungssystems liegt, d.h. je niedriger die Resonzfrequenz ist. Die zwangsläufig vorhandenen Massen - und folglich Trägheitsmomente - der Antriebsstrangwellen sowie die Massen des Primärund Sekundärteils definieren zusammen mit der Federsteifigkeit des Schwingungsisolierungselementes 22 die Resonanzfrequenz des vorliegenden Schwingungssystems. Falls diese nicht tief genug liegt, sind beispielsweise am Primärteil 14 (wie mit gestrichelten Linien angedeutet) und/oder am Sekundärteil 18 (nicht gezeichnet) ringförmige Zusatzmassen 24 vorgesehen, um die Eigenfrequenz des Antriebsstranges unterhalb des Erregerfrequenzbereiches zu verschieben.As already mentioned in the introduction, the Vibration isolation the more effective the more Excitation frequency, here the frequency of the torque fluctuations of the internal combustion engine 2, above the natural frequency of the vibration system, i.e. ever the resonance frequency is lower. The inevitably existing Masses - and consequently moments of inertia - the drive train shafts and the masses of the primary and Define the secondary part together with the spring stiffness of the vibration isolation member 22 the resonance frequency of the present vibration system. If this is not deep enough, for example on the primary part 14 (as with dashed lines indicated) and / or on the secondary part 18 (not shown) annular additional masses 24 are provided, around the natural frequency of the drive train below to shift the excitation frequency range.

Die elektrische Maschine 4 der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung kann in einem Kraftfahrzeug auch die Funktion eines Anlassers zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder einer Lichtmaschine zur Energieversorgung des Fahrzeuges übernehmen. Hierfür ist die elektrische Maschine 4 mit einer Steuervorrichtung 30 verbunden, welche die Erregerströme der Statorwicklungen 8 derart beeinflußt, daß bei Betätigen des Anlasserschlüssels die elektrische Maschine 4 als Motor (Anlasser) zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors arbeitet und danach in einen Generatorbetrieb umgeschaltet wird.The electrical machine 4 of the invention Drive arrangement can be in a motor vehicle also the function of a starter for starting the internal combustion engine and / or an alternator for energy supply of the vehicle. Therefor is the electric machine 4 with a control device 30 connected to the excitation currents of the stator windings 8 influenced in such a way that when the Starter key the electrical machine 4 as a motor (Starter) for starting the internal combustion engine works and then switched to generator operation becomes.

Daneben kann die elektrischen Maschine 4 auch als generatorische Bremse zur verschleißfreien Fahrzeugbremsung mit Rekuperation der Bremsenergie (sog. Retarderfunktion) sowie als Antriebs- und Beschleunigungsunterstützung des Verbrennungsmotors (sog. Boosterfunktion) dienen.In addition, the electrical machine 4 also as a generator brake for wear-free Vehicle braking with recuperation of braking energy (so-called retarder function) as well as drive and acceleration support of the internal combustion engine (so-called booster function).

Daneben kann die elektrische Maschine 4 auch als aktiver Drehschwingungsdämpfer dienen, also zur Kompensation von Drehungleichförmigkeiten im Antriebsstrang, die hauptsächlich auf Gas- und Massenkräfte des Verbrennungsmotors 2 zurückzuführen sind. Hierfür steuert die Steuervorrichtung 30 die Erregerströme der Statorwicklungen 8 derart, daß das auf das Primärteil 14 des Rotors 12 ausgeübte Drehmoment etwaigen Drehmomentschwankungen des Primärteils 14 - und damit der vom Verbrennungsmotor angetriebenen Kurbelwelle und ggf. damit gekoppelter Wellen - z.B. gegenphasig entgegenwirkt. Auf diese Weise werden Drehschwingungen bereits weitgehend aktiv kompensiert. Sollten dennoch etwaige Restschwingungen am Primärteil 14 verbleiben, werden diese durch das Schwingungsisolierungselement 22 zwischen Primär- und Sekundarteil von der Abtriebsseite abgeschirmt.In addition, the electrical machine 4 also serve as an active torsional vibration damper to compensate for rotational irregularities in the Powertrain based primarily on gas and mass forces of the internal combustion engine 2 are. For this purpose, the control device 30 controls the excitation currents of the stator windings 8 such that the the primary part 14 of the rotor 12 applied torque any torque fluctuations in the primary part 14 - and thus the one powered by the internal combustion engine Crankshaft and possibly coupled with it Waves - e.g. counteracts in phase. To this Torsional vibrations are already largely actively compensated. Should there still be any residual vibrations remain on the primary part 14, they will by the vibration isolation member 22 between Primary and secondary part from the driven side shielded.

Wie in der Figur dargestellt, kann die aktive Schwingungsdämpfung geregelt erfolgen, z.B. ist ein Drehzahlsensor 32 an geeigneter Stelle in Nähe des Primärteils 14 angeordnet, um fortlaufend die momentane Drehzahl bzw. Winkelsegmentgeschwindigkeit des Primärteils 14 zu messen. Die vom Drehzahlsensor 32 erfaßten Momentandrehzahlen werden der Steuerung 30 zugeleitet, welche den Momentanwert mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert vergleicht und darauf ein Regeldifferenzsignal als Maß für eine etwaige momentane oder periodische Drehungleichförmigkeit des Primärteils 14 erzeugt. Auf der Grundlage dieser Regeldifferenz werden die Erregerströme des Stators 10 derart gesteuert, daß das Primärteil 14 mit einem Wechselmoment gegenphasig betragsgleich zur Drehungleichförmigkeit beaufschlagt wird. Alternativ dazu ist auch eine gesteuerte aktive Dämpfung möglich, bei der die erwartete Drehungleichförmigkeit z.B. einem vorab gespeicherten Kennfeld entnommen wird und zur Erzeugung eines gegenphasig betragsgleichen Wechselmoments dient.As shown in the figure, the active Vibration damping takes place in a controlled manner, e.g. is a Speed sensor 32 at a suitable location near the primary part 14 arranged to continuously the current Speed or angular segment speed of the primary part 14 to measure. The detected by the speed sensor 32 The controller 30 becomes instantaneous speeds supplied, which the instantaneous value with a predetermined Compares the setpoint and then a control difference signal as a measure of any current or periodic rotational irregularity of the primary part 14 generated. Based on this rule difference the excitation currents of the stator 10 are controlled in such a way that the primary part 14 is in phase opposition with an alternating torque equal in amount to the rotational nonuniformity is applied. Alternatively, there is a controlled one active damping possible, at which the expected Rotational nonuniformity e.g. a previously saved one Map is taken and to generate an opposite phase alternating torque of the same amount.

Selbstverständlich kann die elektrische Maschine 4 der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsanordnung zur Schwingungsdämpfung und zur generatorischen Stromerzeugung gleichzeitig genutzt werden.Of course, the electrical machine 4 of the drive arrangement according to the invention for vibration damping and for generator Power generation can be used simultaneously.

Claims (15)

  1. A drive arrangement having a drive train (16, 17) and an electric machine (4) which is connected functionally in parallel thereto and which comprises a stator (10) and a rotor (12), with a vibration insulation (22) being inserted in the torque path of the drive train (16, 17),
    characterised in that the rotor (12) of the electric machine (4) has a hollow internal construction with respect to its electrical and magnetic functions and is connected by its radially outer primary part with one of the drive and driven sides of the drive train (16, 17) and by its radially inner secondary part with the other drive and driven side, and the vibration insulation is accommodated in the cavity of the rotor (12) between its primary and secondary parts.
  2. A drive arrangement according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that the vibration insulation comprises at least two basic elements, wherein
    one of the basic elements (14) is connected to a drive side and the other basic element (18) is connected to a driven side of the drive train; and
    the two basic elements (14, 18) are coupled to one another in torsionally elastic manner, in particular via one or more coil or flat spiral springs (22).
  3. A drive arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the rotor (12) has an annular construction and the vibration insulation is disposed concentrically thereto and inside the rotor (12).
  4. A drive arrangement according to Claim 2 or 3,
    characterised in that one or more gyrating masses (24) are provided at one or each of the basic elements (14, 18).
  5. A drive arrangement according to Claim 4,
    characterised in that the gyrating masses (24) are coupled in a torsionally elastic manner, in particular via an elastomer layer, to the respective basic element (14, 18).
  6. A drive arrangement according to one of Claims 2 to 5,
    characterised in that friction faces are provided, at least in some sections, between parts of the basic elements (14, 18) that are mounted in torsionally elastic manner.
  7. A drive arrangement according to one of Claims 2 to 6,
    characterised in that one of the basic elements (14; 18) is connected to the rotor (12) in a torsionally secure manner.
  8. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims,
    characterised in that the rotor (12) is mounted on one side.
  9. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims,
    characterised in that the electric machine (4) is a rotary field machine in induction or synchronous design, and the rotor (12) is a squirrel-cage rotor or a rotor with distinctive magnetic poles.
  10. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the electric machine (4) serves as a starter for starting, in particular directly staring, an internal combustion engine.
  11. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the electric machine (4) also serves as a generator for supplying electric consumers and/or at least one vehicle battery.
  12. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the electric machine (4) also serves as a generator-type vehicle brake, whereby the generated energy is accumulated in particular to be reused.
  13. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the electric machine (4) also serves as the drive of a vehicle, in particular as a drive aid, preferably as an acceleration support, to the vehicle in addition to the internal combustion engine.
  14. A drive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims, in which the electric machine (4) also serves as an active torsional vibration damper, which generates alternating torques, in particular in counter-phase to rotational non-uniformities in the drive train, for the compensation of the rotational non-uniformities.
  15. A method for operating a drive arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the electric machine (4) performs one or more functions given in Claims 10 to 14.
EP97935499A 1996-08-02 1997-07-29 Electric machine in a driving train, for example of a motor vehicle, and process for driving the same Expired - Lifetime EP0916040B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19631384 1996-08-02
DE19631384A DE19631384C1 (en) 1996-08-02 1996-08-02 Electric machine with rotor in drive train e.g. of motor vehicle
PCT/DE1997/001628 WO1998005882A1 (en) 1996-08-02 1997-07-29 Electric machine in a driving train, for example of a motor vehicle, and process for driving the same

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EP0916040A1 EP0916040A1 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0916040B1 EP0916040B1 (en) 2000-04-26
EP0916040B2 true EP0916040B2 (en) 2003-01-02

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EP97935499A Expired - Lifetime EP0916040B2 (en) 1996-08-02 1997-07-29 Electric machine in a driving train, for example of a motor vehicle, and process for driving the same

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US (1) US6209692B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0916040B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2000516326A (en)
DE (2) DE19631384C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998005882A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19631384C1 (en) 1997-10-16
JP2000516326A (en) 2000-12-05
US6209692B1 (en) 2001-04-03
EP0916040A1 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0916040B1 (en) 2000-04-26
WO1998005882A1 (en) 1998-02-12
DE59701525D1 (en) 2000-05-31

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