EP0914305A1 - Temperature fuse - Google Patents
Temperature fuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP0914305A1 EP0914305A1 EP97937498A EP97937498A EP0914305A1 EP 0914305 A1 EP0914305 A1 EP 0914305A1 EP 97937498 A EP97937498 A EP 97937498A EP 97937498 A EP97937498 A EP 97937498A EP 0914305 A1 EP0914305 A1 EP 0914305A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermal fuse
- nitrate
- gas
- fuse according
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to thermal fuses which can be used, for example, in gas generators for motor vehicle safety systems.
- Gas-generating mixtures used in gas generators for motor vehicle safety systems are generally very thermally stable.
- thermal fuses are used to the gas-generating mixture at high ambient temperature, eg. B. in the event of a vehicle fire.
- thermal fuses are used to prevent the gas-generating mixture from spontaneously igniting at extraordinarily high temperatures.
- the gas-generating mixture would not burn off normally, but would accelerate and react violently due to the increased temperature, reacting explosively in unfavorable cases.
- the generator housing is not designed for this accelerated, violent reaction and would be destroyed. This would result in a significant risk to vehicle occupants.
- the thermal fuse ensures that the conversion of the gas-generating mixture is triggered thermally far below this critical temperature. In such a case, it prevents the destruction of the generator housing and the associated dangers through its early implementation and controlled ignition of the gas-generating mixture.
- nitrocellulose or propellant powder derived therefrom is usually used as a thermal fuse.
- the decisive disadvantage of nitrocellulose is that it begins to slowly decompose at temperatures which are not yet sufficient to ignite. In extreme cases, the nitrocellulose decomposes completely. It can then no longer fulfill its function as a thermal fuse. An attempt was made to improve the thermal stability
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a thermal fuse which does not have the disadvantages of the thermal fuse based on nitrocellulose.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are able to ignite the gas-generating mixtures usually used in gas generators in a thermally controlled manner, well below the critical temperature.
- thermal fuses Substances or mixtures of substances which have lower deflagration points or decomposition points than the actual gas-generating mixture can be used as thermal fuses according to the invention.
- the absolute level of the deflagration points or decomposition points of the thermal fuses according to the invention depends on the particular construction and housing stability of the gas generator used. The more stable the generator housing, for example, the higher these values can generally be for the thermal fuse according to the invention.
- Substances or mixtures of substances whose exothermic thermal decomposition takes place in a narrowly limited temperature range can be used for the thermal fuses according to the invention.
- the resulting heat must be sufficient to compensate for energy losses in the gas-generating mixture in order to at least achieve or exceed the activation energy required to ignite the gas-generating mixture.
- Compounds which are selected from the compound classes of oxalates, peroxodisulfates (persulfates), permanganates, nitrides, perborates, bismuthates, formates, nitrates, sulfamates, bromates or peroxides can be used as substances or as mixtures of substances for the thermal fuses according to the invention.
- oxalates may preferably iron (II) oxalate dihydrate with a sharp decomposition point from 190 C C, ammonium iron (III) oxalate, a double salt of ammonium oxalate and iron oxalate with decomposition temperatures of 160-170 ° C, as peroxodisulfates (persulfates), preferably ammonium Sodium or potassium persulfates, the thermal decomposition of which is suitable to start the reaction, preferably sodium or potassium permanganate as permanganates, ammonium or calcium formate preferably as formates, ammonium nitrate preferably as nitrate, ammonium sulfamate preferably as sulfamate, iron nitride preferably as nitride, preferably sodium bismuthate as bismuthate, preferably potassium bromate as bromate, and zinc peroxide as peroxide.
- Iron oxide and / or ferrocene can also be used.
- oxidizable components for example explosives with low deflagration or decomposition points, preferably calcium bistetrazole-amine, 3-nitro-1, 2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO), 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, nitroguanidine (NIGU) ), Guanidine nitrate and bisstrazolamine can be used.
- the substances can be used alone or in a mixture.
- a certain thermal decomposition point of the thermal fuse according to the invention can be set by coordinating the mixture.
- substances which have a lower deflagration point or decomposition point than the gas-generating mixture used and thereby decompose exothermically can be used alone, without the addition of, for example, a fuel, as a thermal fuse according to the invention.
- the substances which have a lower deflagration point or decomposition point than the gas-generating mixture used, but decompose endothermically, require at least one fuel and, if appropriate, a reducing agent in order to be able to be used according to the invention as a thermal fuse.
- the known explosives for example, can preferably be used as fuels
- SPARE BLADE Calcium bistetrazole-amine, 3-nitro-1, 2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, nitroguanidine (NIGU)), guanidine nitrate and bistrazolamine, as reducing agents, for example metal powder, preferably titanium powder.
- guanidine nitrate or also oxidizing agents such as potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, potassium perchlorate or mixtures of these oxidizing agents can be added to the deflagration points and in addition to the substances already mentioned above thus influencing the effective range of the thermal fuse according to the invention.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention can be used in various ways.
- One application envisages incorporating them homogeneously into the gas-generating mixture.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are particularly suitable for this, which do not or only insignificantly impair the actual characteristic of the gas-generating mixture.
- the homogeneous distribution can be carried out by mixing processes known per se, for example by sieving, tumbling or tumbling the dry mixture or by kneading, extruding or extruding a moistened or solvent-containing mixture.
- the addition of a binder is also possible.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention can make up 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, of the gas-generating mixture.
- thermal fuses according to the invention are preferably provided at thermally exposed points on the generator housing. That way
- the supplements according to the invention can be used in the form of tablets, for example. Such tablets are produced by methods known per se.
- thermal fuses according to the invention are distributed homogeneously in the ignition mixture or are separated therefrom, for example in the form of a tablet.
- the purity of the substances used determines the time of thermal triggering, the grain size the locally released energy.
- processing aids known per se for example talc, graphite or boron nitride, can be used.
- thermal fuses according to the invention can also be used, for example, in pressure or security elements to trigger movements of mechanical elements.
- the thermal fuses according to the invention are compatible with the gas-generating mixture and its components and, as intended, show a temperature and storage stability which is sufficient for the application and is considerably improved compared to nitrocellulose.
- the problem of slow decomposition at higher storage temperatures, which can be observed with nitrocellulose, does not show thermal fuses according to the invention. A thermal change in the required storage and functional temperatures could not be determined.
- the specified mixture components were homogenized in the specified weight ratios in screwable plastic containers in a tumble mixer for 30 minutes. If necessary, tableting and granulation were also carried out by breaking the compacts or, after adding a binder, shaping by kneading and subsequent extrusion.
- the properties that can be initiated thermally were characterized by determining the deflagration point and the caloric behavior by recording thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis.
- the deflagration point was determined by heating 100 or 300 mg of a substance (depending on the severity of the reaction) to a maximum of 400 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C. per minute.
- the deflagration point is the temperature at which a clear reaction takes place with the evolution of gas or flame or even deflagration. Examples 1 to 24:
- thermal initiation of mixtures which contain several components (e.g. also as binders) or which vary in the choice of oxidizing agents:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19629227 | 1996-07-20 | ||
DE19629227 | 1996-07-20 | ||
DE19648809 | 1996-11-26 | ||
DE19648809 | 1996-11-26 | ||
PCT/EP1997/003836 WO1998003448A1 (en) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Temperature fuse |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0914305A1 true EP0914305A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0914305B1 EP0914305B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
EP0914305B2 EP0914305B2 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
Family
ID=26027671
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97937498A Expired - Lifetime EP0914305B2 (en) | 1996-07-20 | 1997-07-17 | Temperature fuse |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0914305B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE270261T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ299764B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE59711752D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998003448A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6024889A (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2000-02-15 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Chemically active fire suppression composition |
DE19805976C1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-04-29 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Pre-ignition powder for thermal safety device for car air-bags |
JP2003504293A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2003-02-04 | オートモーティブ システムズ ラボラトリー インコーポレーテッド | Gas generating composition |
FR2863608B1 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-02-17 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | POLYETHER BOND SOLID PROPERGOL HAVING IMPROVED BEHAVIOR IN VULNERABILITY |
DE102004057770B4 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-07-31 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Pyrotechnic composition for use as a preignition agent |
FR2883868B1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2007-08-03 | Davey Bickford Snc | SELF-INITIATING COMPOSITIONS, ELECTRIC INITIATORS USING SUCH COMPOSITIONS AND GAS GENERATORS COMPRISING SUCH INITIATORS |
DE102009018944A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-10-28 | Takata-Petri Ag | Use of a gas-generating composition, for occupant protection device in motor vehicles and controlled release of a gas-generator in a thermal over-loading by releasing exothermic energy during the phase transition of the composition |
DE102015014428A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-12 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Thermal pre-ignition agents |
DE102017118416A1 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2019-02-14 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Pyrotechnic separator, system for electrically charging an electric power cell, mobile device and charger |
FR3097546B1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | Arianegroup Sas | Pyrotechnic gas-generating composition |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB801015A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1958-09-03 | Ici Ltd | Safety heating elements and compositions suitable therefor |
FR2584066B1 (en) † | 1985-06-28 | 1987-08-07 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | USE OF 5-OXO 3-NITRO, 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AS AN EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE AND PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 5-OXO 3-NITRO 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE. |
US4931112A (en) † | 1989-11-20 | 1990-06-05 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generating compositions containing nitrotriazalone |
US5139588A (en) † | 1990-10-23 | 1992-08-18 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Composition for controlling oxides of nitrogen |
US5084118A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition composition for inflator gas generators |
WO1992022440A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-23 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas generator for air bag |
DE4231377A1 (en) † | 1992-09-21 | 1994-03-24 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Nitrotriazolone for priming purposes |
US5542688A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1996-08-06 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Two-part igniter for gas generating compositions |
AU5091493A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-19 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Inflating crash bags |
DE4301794C1 (en) * | 1993-01-23 | 1994-05-26 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Airbag gas generator with a self-igniter |
DE4412871C2 (en) † | 1993-04-15 | 1997-08-14 | Nof Corp | Gas generator compositions |
RU2117649C1 (en) † | 1993-10-06 | 1998-08-20 | Нигу Хеми ГмбХ | Power for gas producer |
US5431103A (en) † | 1993-12-10 | 1995-07-11 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
JPH07232613A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-09-05 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Gas generator for air bag and squib |
DE4401214C1 (en) † | 1994-01-18 | 1995-03-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Gas-generating mixture |
US5380380A (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-10 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
JP3589464B2 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 2004-11-17 | オートモーティブ システムズ ラボラトリー インコーポレーテッド | Ignition composition for inflator gas generator |
US5536339A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-16 | Conducting Materials Corporation | Air bag inflator gas compositions and inflator containing the same |
JP3912689B2 (en) † | 1995-12-01 | 2007-05-09 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Self-igniting explosive composition, explosive, gas generating agent and gas generator |
DE19548544A1 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-06-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Ignition mixture free of initial explosives |
US5959242A (en) † | 1996-05-14 | 1999-09-28 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Autoignition composition |
-
1997
- 1997-07-17 EP EP97937498A patent/EP0914305B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-17 AT AT97937498T patent/ATE270261T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 DE DE59711752T patent/DE59711752D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-17 CZ CZ0040699A patent/CZ299764B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-17 WO PCT/EP1997/003836 patent/WO1998003448A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-18 DE DE19730873A patent/DE19730873A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9803448A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19730873A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
CZ299764B6 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
DE59711752D1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
EP0914305B2 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
EP0914305B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
CZ40699A3 (en) | 2000-04-12 |
ATE270261T1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
WO1998003448A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
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