EP1171404B1 - Gas-generating substances - Google Patents
Gas-generating substances Download PDFInfo
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- EP1171404B1 EP1171404B1 EP00906201A EP00906201A EP1171404B1 EP 1171404 B1 EP1171404 B1 EP 1171404B1 EP 00906201 A EP00906201 A EP 00906201A EP 00906201 A EP00906201 A EP 00906201A EP 1171404 B1 EP1171404 B1 EP 1171404B1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- generating system
- nitrate
- fuels
- ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/10—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of solids with liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/008—Tagging additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to gas generants, in particular for gas generators in belt tensioners and inflatable impact cushion (airbags) for the protection of motor vehicle occupants from injury.
- inflators for inflatable impact cushion is used as a combustible gas evolving material, a gas set in tablet, disc shape or as granules or z. B. used in noodle form. During combustion, this gas set generates the useful or compressed gas for inflating the impact pad.
- the disadvantage of the combustion of solid gas-evolving materials is the relatively high proportion of slag arising during combustion, which may amount to more than 50% of the gas mass used. Due to the formation of slag and dust during combustion complex filter stages in the gas generator are required to retain slag and dust particles. Otherwise, if these particles escape, the impact pad would be damaged and the occupants could be endangered.
- a Notanbtasvörraum for underwater vehicles which consists of nitrous oxide as the oxidant, a solid surface of large surface as a reaction body of preferably metal, carbon and / or plastic.
- Gas generating systems intended to be used for gas generators in pretensioners and inflatable airbags for the protection of motor vehicle occupants from injury are not described.
- the U.S. Patent 5,573,391 discloses a combustion apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxides formed during the combustion of gaseous fuel.
- this method first, primary gaseous fuel and excess air are combined to form a fuel / air mixture which is low in fuel. This mixture is then introduced into a primary combustion zone and burned to form primary combustion products.
- the primary combustion products, along with secondary gaseous fuel, are then introduced into a secondary combustion zone to burn it and form secondary combustion products.
- At least a portion of the secondary combustion products are recirculated to the primary combustion zone.
- the invention has for its object to provide a gas-generating material for a gas generator, in particular for a belt tensioner or for an inflatable impact cushion to protect a motor vehicle occupant from injury in which Schlackegurhalte ultrasounden are not required.
- this object is achieved by the provision of a gas-generating system, which consists of at least a mixture of nitric oxide or nitrous oxide with nitrogen monoxide, one or more fuels which are solid at room temperature and normal pressure and an ignition device with an ignition charge, wherein as a fuel polymers from the Group of hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene, oxygen-containing compounds containing, for example, carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates, polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals and / or polyvinyl alcohols, urea, organic acids, for example fumaric acid, ascorbic acid and / or oxalic acid, cork, wood, aluminum, titanium and / or nonmetals, for example boron, silicon, ni
- Nitrogen gas (N 2 O) with NO as the oxidizing agent can be used as the gas-evolving material in conjunction with solid fuels or mixtures which, after being ignited, are slag-free in the combustion chamber or substantially gaseous reaction products without slags.
- the pressurized nitrous oxide is ignited together with the solid fuels by an ignition device having an ignition charge.
- an ignition charge for example, an exploding wire or a Zündbrükke may optionally be used under reinforcement with a booster charge to a particle-rich, hot flame.
- filter stages which are at least one outlet opening of the gas generator housing wall upstream, can therefore be dispensed with when using the inventive gas / solid mixture. If filter stages are provided, these serve exclusively for cooling purposes. However, the cooling can also be done in other ways, for example by the combustion chamber, a distributor space of the housing is connected downstream of the combustion gases pass through at least one outlet opening to the outside.
- gases or gas mixtures are proposed with low boost pressure, which result in the burn-up due to exothermic volume multiplication and require no filter.
- the inventively usable gas or gas mixture consists of the oxidizing agent.
- oxygen or air is dispensed with oxygen or air as the oxidant.
- nitrous oxide nitrous oxide
- the oxidation capacity is twice that of air and in contrast to pure oxygen or air, nitrous oxide behaves up to at least 200 ° C as an inert gas, which also silent oxidation processes High temperature storage can be prevented.
- Nitrous oxide (NO / N 2 O, critical pressure 64 bar, critical temperature - 93 ° C) is used in admixture with nitrous oxide or as the sole gaseous oxidizing agent.
- Inert gases carbon dioxide, air, helium, neon, argon
- nitrogen monoxide has the advantage that condensed fractions, which first have to evaporate during the burnup reaction, are not formed. Additions of odorous gases such. B. Mercaptans in small amounts can make a quick detection of leaks possible. The addition of z. B. Vanillin improves the odor properties of Abbrandschwaden in the application.
- fuels such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene and those which may also contain oxygen and derived from z.
- carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates and other polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, but also polyoxymethylene, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals or polyvinyl alcohols.
- other polymers of other composition can be used, as far as the reaction products no dangerous ingredients in an inadmissible amount such.
- B. of HCl, HCN, HF or phosgene As additional reactive constituents of the fuels and explosives can be used.
- nitroguanidine NiGu
- derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate, bistetrazolamine or bitetrazole, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyandiamidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine azotetrazolate, nitrotriazolone, dicandiamidine nitrate, hexogen, octogen.
- NiGu nitroguanidine
- derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate, bistetrazolamine or bitetrazole
- aminoguanidine nitrate diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyandiamidine nitrate, di
- urea organic acids (eg fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid), cork, wood, metals (eg aluminum, titanium) and non-metals (eg boron, silicon), nitrides can be used by way of example , Azides or inorganic benzene (B 3 N 3 ).
- the fuels may be in the form of powder, granules, compacts such.
- tablets or polymers z. B. as fiber sections or fiberballs, mats, fabrics, porous foams z. B. from polyurethanes application.
- the embodiments surface treated with liquids or pasty substances impregnated or offset (inhibitors).
- catalysts such as ferrocene and derivatives, iron or Kupferacetylacetonate and / or oxidizing agents such as nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, peroxodisulfates, permanganates, tin dioxide, manganese dioxide , Oxidizing agents derived from the nitramines and mixtures of these components and / or porosity generators, such as ammonium bicarbonate, acetonedicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and / or hollow spheres of plastic may be used.
- oxidizing agents such as nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, perox
- the weight ratio of the fuel to nitrous oxide is preferably adjusted so that after the reaction, a non-combustible gas mixture is formed. Accordingly, the weight ratio of the fuels to nitrous oxide should be adjusted to the stoichiometric ratios of (as complete) combustion as possible.
- nitrous oxide is used in a slight excess, based on the fuel.
- the reaction products then consist essentially of gaseous substances (CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2 ).
- the gas / solids systems described according to the invention yield residue-free, almost CO and NO x -free reaction products in their selection, the burn-off property being controllable by way of type, quantity ratio, geometry and configuration of the fuel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft gaserzeugende Stoffe, insbesondere für Gasgeneratoren in Gurtstraffern und aufblasbaren Aufprallkissen (Airbags) zum Schutz von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen vor Verletzungen.The invention relates to gas generants, in particular for gas generators in belt tensioners and inflatable impact cushion (airbags) for the protection of motor vehicle occupants from injury.
Bei den derzeit verwendeten Gasgeneratoren für aufblasbare Aufprallkissen wird als brennbares gasentwickelndes Material ein Gassatz in Tabletten-, Scheibenform oder als Granulat bzw. z. B. in Nudelform verwendet. Beim Abbrand erzeugt dieser Gassatz das Nutz- oder Druckgas zum Aufblasen des Aufprallkissens. Der Nachteil bei der Verbrennung fester gasentwickelnder Materialien besteht in dem recht hohen bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Schlackenanteil, der mehr als 50 % der eingesetzten Gassatzmasse ausmachen kann. Aufgrund der Schlacke- und Staubbildung bei der Verbrennung sind aufwendige Filterstufen im Gasgenerator erforderlich, um Schlacke- und Staubpartikel zurückzuhalten. Andernfalls würde beim Austritt dieser Partikel das Aufprallkissen beschädigt und die Insassen können in Gefahr gebracht werden.In the currently used inflators for inflatable impact cushion is used as a combustible gas evolving material, a gas set in tablet, disc shape or as granules or z. B. used in noodle form. During combustion, this gas set generates the useful or compressed gas for inflating the impact pad. The disadvantage of the combustion of solid gas-evolving materials is the relatively high proportion of slag arising during combustion, which may amount to more than 50% of the gas mass used. Due to the formation of slag and dust during combustion complex filter stages in the gas generator are required to retain slag and dust particles. Otherwise, if these particles escape, the impact pad would be damaged and the occupants could be endangered.
Als Alternative zu diesen Gassätzen existieren Generatoren mit komprimierten Gasen oder Luft. Zur Bildung eines ausreichenden Gasvolumens sind sehr hohe Ladedrücke erforderlich, da beim Abströmen der Gase eine Abkühlung stattfindet und kein Volumengewinn durch exotherme Reaktionen wie bei Feststoffmischungen erzielt wird. Zur Kompensation der Abkühlung wird häufig ein Festbrenntreibstoff verwendet, der durch die Wärmetönung bei seinem Abbrand und die zusätzliche Gasentwicklung erst die Funktion dieses Gasgenerators sicherstellt.As an alternative to these gas sets exist generators with compressed gases or air. To generate a sufficient volume of gas very high charge pressures are required, since cooling takes place during the outflow of gases and no volume gain is achieved by exothermic reactions as in solid mixtures. To compensate for the cooling a solid fuel is often used, which ensures the function of this gas generator by the heat of reaction in its combustion and the additional evolution of gas only.
In der Die
Das
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gasentwickelndes Material für einen Gasgenerator, insbesondere für einen Gurtstraffer oder für ein aufblasbares Aufprallkissen zum Schutz eines Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen vor Verletzungen bereitzustellen, bei dem Schlackerückhalteeinrichtungen nicht erforderlich sind.The invention has for its object to provide a gas-generating material for a gas generator, in particular for a belt tensioner or for an inflatable impact cushion to protect a motor vehicle occupant from injury in which Schlackerückhalteeinrichtungen are not required.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch die Bereitstellung eines gaserzeugenden Systems, welches mindestens aus einem Gemisch aus Stickstoffmonoxid oder Lachgas mit Stickstoffmonoxid, einem oder mehreren Brennstoffen, die bei Zimmertemperatur und Normaldruck fest sind und einer Anzündvorrichtung mit einer Anzündladung besteht, wobei als Brennstoff Polymere aus der Gruppe der Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Ethylen, Propylen, Isopren, Styrol, sauerstoffenthaltende Verbindungen, die sich beispielsweise von Carbonsäuren wie Polyvinylacetaten, Polymethacrylaten, Polyterephthalaten, von Polyestern, Polyethern, Polycarbonaten, Polyoximethylenen, von Oligo- und Polysacchariden wie Zucker, Cellulose, Stärke, von Polyvinylacetalen und/oder Polyvinylalkoholen ableiten, Harnstoff, organische Säuren, beispielsweise Fumarsäure, Ascorbinsäure und/oder Oxalsäure, Kork, Holz, Aluminum, Titan und/oder Nichtmetalle, beispielsweise Bor, Silizium, Nitride, Azide und/oder anorganische Benzol (B3N3) eingesetzt wird und die Anzündvorrichtung das Gas-/ Feststoffgemisch entzündet.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the provision of a gas-generating system, which consists of at least a mixture of nitric oxide or nitrous oxide with nitrogen monoxide, one or more fuels which are solid at room temperature and normal pressure and an ignition device with an ignition charge, wherein as a fuel polymers from the Group of hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene, oxygen-containing compounds containing, for example, carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates, polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals and / or polyvinyl alcohols, urea, organic acids, for example fumaric acid, ascorbic acid and / or oxalic acid, cork, wood, aluminum, titanium and / or nonmetals, for example boron, silicon, nitrides, azides and / or inorganic benzene (B 3 N 3 ) is used and the ignition ignites the gas / solid mixture.
Als gasentwickelndes Material kann Lachgas (N2O) mit NO als Oxidationsmittel in Verbindung mit festen Brennstoffen bzw. Gemischen eingesetzt werden, die sich nach Anzündung kontrolliert im Verbrennungsraum zu schlackefreien oder weitgehend schlackefreien gasförmigen Reaktionsprodukten umsetzen. Das unter Druck stehende Lachgas wird zusammen mit den festen Brennstoffen durch eine Anzündvorrichtung mit einer Anzündladung gezündet. Als Anzündladung kann beispielsweise, ein explodierender Draht oder eine Zündbrükke ggf. unter Verstärkung mit einer Boosterladung zu einer partikelreichen, heißen Flamme verwendet werden.Nitrogen gas (N 2 O) with NO as the oxidizing agent can be used as the gas-evolving material in conjunction with solid fuels or mixtures which, after being ignited, are slag-free in the combustion chamber or substantially gaseous reaction products without slags. The pressurized nitrous oxide is ignited together with the solid fuels by an ignition device having an ignition charge. As an ignition charge, for example, an exploding wire or a Zündbrükke may optionally be used under reinforcement with a booster charge to a particle-rich, hot flame.
Die Anzündschwaden und heißen Verbrennungsgase entzünden das Gas-/ Feststoffgemisch. Dieses verbrennt im Verbrennungsraum, ohne daß feste Partikel zurückbleiben. Auf Filterstufen, die mindestens einer Austrittsöffnung der Gasgenerator-Gehäusewand vorgelagert sind, kann bei Verwendung des erfindungsmäßigen Gas/Feststoffgemisches daher verzichtet werden. Sofern Filterstufen vorgesehen sind, dienen diese ausschließlich Kühlzwecken. Die Kühlung kann aber auch auf andere Weise erfolgen, indem etwa dem Verbrennungsraum ein Verteilerraum des Gehäuses nachgeschaltet ist, von dem aus die Verbrennungsgase über mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung nach außen gelangen.The igniting clouds and hot combustion gases ignite the gas / solid mixture. This burns in the combustion chamber without leaving solid particles behind. On filter stages, which are at least one outlet opening of the gas generator housing wall upstream, can therefore be dispensed with when using the inventive gas / solid mixture. If filter stages are provided, these serve exclusively for cooling purposes. However, the cooling can also be done in other ways, for example by the combustion chamber, a distributor space of the housing is connected downstream of the combustion gases pass through at least one outlet opening to the outside.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Gase oder Gasgemische mit niedrigem Ladedruck vorgeschlagen, die beim Abbrand infolge Exothermie eine Volumenvervielfachung ergeben und keinerlei Filter benötigen. Das erfindungsgemäß einsetzbare Gas oder Gasgemisch besteht aus dem Oxidationsmittel. Zur Vermeidung von hohen Ladedrücken wird auf Sauerstoff oder Luft als Oxidationsmittel verzichtet. In Distickstoffmonoxid (Lachgas) liegt ein Gas vor, das sich leicht verflüssigen läßt (kritischer Druck: 72,7 bar, kritische Temperatur: 36,4°C). Die Oxidationskapazität ist doppelt so hoch wie die von Luft und im Gegensatz zu reinem Sauerstoff oder Luft verhält sich Lachgas bis mindestens 200°C als Inertgas, wodurch stille Oxidationsprozesse auch bei Hochtemperaturlagerung verhindert werden. Im Gemisch mit Lachgas oder als alleiniges gasförmiges Oxidationsmittel wird Stickstoffmonoxid (NO/N2O, kritischer Druck 64 bar, kritische Temperatur - 93 °C) eingesetzt. Zur Steuerung der Reaktivität der Gase können Inertgase (Kohlensäure, Luft, Helium, Neon, Argon) zugegeben werden. Die Verwendung von Stickstoffmonoxid hat den Vorteil, daß kondensierte Anteile, die während der Abbrandreaktion erst verdampfen müssen, nicht gebildet werden. Zusätze von geruchsintensiven Gasen wie z. B. Merkaptanen in geringen Mengen können eine schnelle Detektierung von Undichtigkeiten möglich machen. Die Zugabe von z. B. Vanillin verbessert die Geruchseigenschaften der Abbrandschwaden im Anwendungsfall.According to the invention gases or gas mixtures are proposed with low boost pressure, which result in the burn-up due to exothermic volume multiplication and require no filter. The inventively usable gas or gas mixture consists of the oxidizing agent. To avoid high charging pressures is dispensed with oxygen or air as the oxidant. In nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide) is a gas that can be easily liquefied (critical pressure: 72.7 bar, critical temperature: 36.4 ° C). The oxidation capacity is twice that of air and in contrast to pure oxygen or air, nitrous oxide behaves up to at least 200 ° C as an inert gas, which also silent oxidation processes High temperature storage can be prevented. Nitrous oxide (NO / N 2 O, critical pressure 64 bar, critical temperature - 93 ° C) is used in admixture with nitrous oxide or as the sole gaseous oxidizing agent. Inert gases (carbon dioxide, air, helium, neon, argon) may be added to control the reactivity of the gases. The use of nitrogen monoxide has the advantage that condensed fractions, which first have to evaporate during the burnup reaction, are not formed. Additions of odorous gases such. B. Mercaptans in small amounts can make a quick detection of leaks possible. The addition of z. B. Vanillin improves the odor properties of Abbrandschwaden in the application.
Erfindungsgemäß werden als Brennstoffe Polymere aus der Gruppe der Kohlenwasserstoffe eingesetzt, wie Ethylen, Propylen, Isopren, Styrol sowie solche, die auch Sauerstoff enthalten können und sich ableiten von z. B. Carbonsäuren wie Polyvinylacetate, Polymethacrylate, Polyterephthalate und andere Polyester, Polyether, Polycarbonate, aber auch Polyoximethylene, Oligo- und Polysaccharide wie Zucker, Cellulose, Stärke, Polyvinylacetale oder Polyvinylalkohole. Daneben sind jedoch auch weitere Polymere anderer Zusammensetzung einsetzbar, soweit die Reaktionsprodukte keine gefährlichen Bestandteile in unzulässiger Menge wie z. B. von HCl, HCN, HF oder Phosgen enthalten. Als zusätzliche reaktive Bestandteile der Brennstoffe können auch Explosivstoffe eingesetzt werden. Beispiele sind Nitroguanidin (NiGu), Derivate des Tetrazols wie 5-Aminotetrazol, 5-Aminotetrazolnitrat, Bistetrazolamin oder Bitetrazol, Aminoguanidinnitrat, Diaminoguanidinnitrat, Triaminoguanidinnitrat, Guanidinnitrat, Dicyandiamidinnitrat, Diaminoguanidinazotetrazolat, Nitrotriazolon, Dicandiamidinnitrat, Hexogen, Oktogen. Als weitere Brennstoffe können beispielhaft eingesetzt werden Harnstoff, organische Säuren (z. B. fumarsäure, Ascorbinsäure, Oxalsäure), Kork, Holz, Metalle (z. B. Aluminium, Titan) und Nichtmetalle (z. B. Bor, Silizium), Nitride, Azide oder anorganisches Benzol (B3N3). Die Brennstoffe können in Form von Pulver, Granulat, Preßkörpern wie z. B. Tabletten oder bei Polymeren z. B. auch als Faserabschnitte oder Faserknäuel, Matten, Geweben, porösen Schäumen z. B. aus Polyurethanen Anwendung finden. Zur Steuerung des Abbrandes können die Ausführungsformen oberflächenbehandelt mit Flüssigkeiten oder pasteusen Stoffen getränkt bzw versetzt sein (Inhibitoren).According to fuels such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene and those which may also contain oxygen and derived from z. As carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates and other polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, but also polyoxymethylene, oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, polyvinyl acetals or polyvinyl alcohols. In addition, however, other polymers of other composition can be used, as far as the reaction products no dangerous ingredients in an inadmissible amount such. B. of HCl, HCN, HF or phosgene. As additional reactive constituents of the fuels and explosives can be used. Examples are nitroguanidine (NiGu), derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate, bistetrazolamine or bitetrazole, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyandiamidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine azotetrazolate, nitrotriazolone, dicandiamidine nitrate, hexogen, octogen. As further fuels, urea, organic acids (eg fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid), cork, wood, metals (eg aluminum, titanium) and non-metals (eg boron, silicon), nitrides can be used by way of example , Azides or inorganic benzene (B 3 N 3 ). The fuels may be in the form of powder, granules, compacts such. As tablets or polymers z. B. as fiber sections or fiberballs, mats, fabrics, porous foams z. B. from polyurethanes application. To control the burn-up, the embodiments surface treated with liquids or pasty substances impregnated or offset (inhibitors).
Als weitere Zuschläge können Katalysatoren, beispielsweise Ferrocen und Derivate, Eisen- oder Kupferacetylacetonate und/oder Oxidationsmittel wie beispielsweise Nitrate der Alkali- und Erdalkalielemente, Perchlorate der Alkali- und Erdalkalielemente, Ammoniumnitrat, Ammoniumperchlorat, Zinkperoxid, Perborate, Peroxodisulfate, Permanganate, Zinndioxid, Mangandioxid, Oxidationsmittel abgeleitet von den Nitraminen und Mischungen dieser Komponenten und/oder Porositätserzeuger, wie beispielsweise Ammoniumhydrogencarbonat, Acetondicärbonsäure, Azoisobutyronitril und/oder Hohlkugeln aus Kunststoff verwendet werden.As further additions, catalysts, such as ferrocene and derivatives, iron or Kupferacetylacetonate and / or oxidizing agents such as nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, peroxodisulfates, permanganates, tin dioxide, manganese dioxide , Oxidizing agents derived from the nitramines and mixtures of these components and / or porosity generators, such as ammonium bicarbonate, acetonedicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and / or hollow spheres of plastic may be used.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis der Brennstoffe zu Distickstoffmonoxid, sofern enthalten, wird vorzugsweise derart eingestellt, daß nach der Reaktion ein nicht brennbares Gasgemisch entsteht. Dementsprechend sollte das Gewichtsverhältnis der Brennstoffe zu Distickstoffmonoxid den stöchiometrischen Verhältnissen einer (möglichst) vollständigen Verbrennung angepaßt sein. Vorteilhafterweise wird daher Distickstoffmonoxid in einem geringen Überschuß, bezogen auf den Brennstoff, eingesetzt. Die Reaktionsprodukte bestehen dann im wesentlichen aus gasförmigen Stoffen (CO2, H2O und N2). Die erfindungsgemäß beschriebenen Gas-/ Feststoffsysteme ergeben in ihrer Auswahl rückstandsfreie, fast CO- und NOx-freie Reaktionsprodukte, wobei die Abbrandeigenschaft über Art, Mengenverhältnis, Geometrie und Konfiguration des Brennstoffs steuerbar ist.The weight ratio of the fuel to nitrous oxide, if contained, is preferably adjusted so that after the reaction, a non-combustible gas mixture is formed. Accordingly, the weight ratio of the fuels to nitrous oxide should be adjusted to the stoichiometric ratios of (as complete) combustion as possible. Advantageously, therefore, nitrous oxide is used in a slight excess, based on the fuel. The reaction products then consist essentially of gaseous substances (CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2 ). The gas / solids systems described according to the invention yield residue-free, almost CO and NO x -free reaction products in their selection, the burn-off property being controllable by way of type, quantity ratio, geometry and configuration of the fuel.
Claims (13)
- Gas-generating system, characterised in that it consists at least of a mixture of nitric oxide or nitrous oxide with nitric oxide, one or more fuels which are solid at room temperature and normal pressure, and an ignition device with an ignition charge, polymers from the group of hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, isoprene, styrene, oxygen-containing compounds which are derived for example from carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates, from polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, from oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, from polyvinyl acetals and/or polyvinyl alcohols, urea, organic acids, for example fumaric acid, ascorbic acid and/or oxalic acid, cork, wood, aluminium, titanium and/or non-metals, for example boron, silicon, nitrides, azides and/or inorganic benzene (B3N3) being used as the fuel, and the ignition device igniting the gas/solid mixture.
- Gas-generating system according to claim 1, characterised in that an exploding wire or an ignition bridge is used as the ignition charge.
- Gas-generating system according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that in addition it contains inert gases, preferably carbon dioxide, air, helium, neon and/or argon, to control the reactivity of the gases. - Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it contains additions of odour-intensive gases such as e.g. mercaptans in small quantities for the detection of leaks.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it contains additions for improving the odour properties of combustion vapours in case of application.
- Gas-generating system according to claim 5, characterised in that it contains vanillin.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it contains explosive substances as additional reactive components of the fuels.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it contains one or more compounds from the group nitroguanidine (NQ), derivatives of tetrazole such as 5-aminotetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, bistetrazolamine or bitetrazole, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, dicyanodiamidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine azotetrazolate, nitrotriazolone, dican diamidine nitrate, hexogen, octogen as reactive components.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the fuels are used in the form of powder, granules, compacts such as for example tablets or in the case of polymers in the form of for example fibre sections or fibre balls, mats, fabrics, porous foams for example made of polyurethanes.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that for the control of combustion the embodiments are surface-treated, for example saturated or mixed with liquids or pasty substances.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it contains catalysts, for example ferrocene and derivatives, ferric or cupric acetylacetonates as further additions.
- Gas-generating system according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it contains one or more oxidants such as nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, perchlorates of alkali and alkaline earth elements, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, zinc peroxide, perborates, peroxodisulphates, permanganates, tin dioxide, manganese dioxide, oxidants derived from the nitramines and mixtures of these components, porosity generators, for example ammonium hydrogen carbonate, acetone dicarboxylic acid, azoisobutyronitrile and/or hollow spheres made of plastic.
- Use of a gas-generating system in a gas generator in belt tighteners and inflatable impact cushions (airbags), characterised in that the system consists at least of a mixture of nitric oxide or nitrous oxide with nitric oxide, one or more fuels which are solid at room temperature and normal pressure, and an ignition device with an ignition charge, polymers from the group of ethylene, propylene, isoprene and/or styrene, oxygen-containing compounds which are derived for example from carboxylic acids such as polyvinyl acetates, polymethacrylates, polyterephthalates, from polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, from oligo- and polysaccharides such as sugar, cellulose, starch, from polyvinyl acetals and/or polyvinyl alcohols, urea, organic acids, for example fumaric acid, ascorbic acid and/or oxalic acid, cork, wood, aluminium, titanium and/or non-metals, for example boron, silicon, nitrides, azides and/or inorganic benzene (B3N3) being used as the fuel, and the ignition device igniting the gas/solid mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19907241A DE19907241A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | Gas-generating composition useful in automobile airbags and seat belt tensioners comprises a mixture of nitrous oxide and/or nitric oxide and one or more solid fuels |
| DE19907241 | 1999-02-19 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/000274 WO2000048967A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-01-15 | Gas-generating substances |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1171404A1 EP1171404A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| EP1171404B1 true EP1171404B1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=7898220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00906201A Expired - Lifetime EP1171404B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-01-15 | Gas-generating substances |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1171404B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002537208A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE417029T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19907241A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000048967A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2740948C1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-01-21 | Андрей Валерьевич Шеленин | Ecological fuel |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10064285C1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gas generator fuel composition and its use |
| US6942743B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2005-09-13 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Fluid extraction for airbag inflators |
| DE10208956A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Gas generator, in particular for a vehicle occupant protection device |
| DE10256143A1 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-17 | Mbb Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gas generator for actuating safety restraining systems in vehicles such as airbags using the combination of an oxidation gas which is inert at low temperatures and a fuel which is also inert at low temperatures |
| JP6519432B2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-05-29 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Inflator |
| US10207671B2 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-02-19 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Hybrid inflator with foam as a fuel |
| CN107573202B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2020-04-10 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy combustion agent and preparation method thereof |
| DE102019100623A1 (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-16 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | GAS GENERATOR, MODULE AND VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3068641A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1962-12-18 | Homer M Fox | Hybrid method of rocket propulsion |
| DE69523499T2 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 2002-09-12 | Autoliv Asp Ogden | Hybrid inflator with a fast pressurized flow induction device |
| US5913537A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-06-22 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Hybrid inflator including non-metallic nitrogen containing ignitable material |
| US5941562A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-08-24 | Autoliv Asp | Adaptive output inflator having a selectable oxidant composition |
| US6120058A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 2000-09-19 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Air bag inflator |
| GB2320557A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-24 | Autoflator Ab | A hybrid gas generator |
| DE19704587C2 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 2000-06-15 | Daimlerchrysler Aerospace Ag | Emergency blowing device for underwater vehicles |
| US5979936A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-11-09 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Airbag inflator |
-
1999
- 1999-02-19 DE DE19907241A patent/DE19907241A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-01-15 DE DE50015478T patent/DE50015478D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-15 EP EP00906201A patent/EP1171404B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-15 JP JP2000599711A patent/JP2002537208A/en active Pending
- 2000-01-15 AT AT00906201T patent/ATE417029T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-15 WO PCT/EP2000/000274 patent/WO2000048967A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2740948C1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-01-21 | Андрей Валерьевич Шеленин | Ecological fuel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE417029T1 (en) | 2008-12-15 |
| DE50015478D1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| EP1171404A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| JP2002537208A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
| WO2000048967A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
| DE19907241A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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