EP0913652B1 - Verfahren zum Kühlen und Gefrieren wasserhaltiger Produkte - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Kühlen und Gefrieren wasserhaltiger Produkte Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0913652B1 EP0913652B1 EP98120341A EP98120341A EP0913652B1 EP 0913652 B1 EP0913652 B1 EP 0913652B1 EP 98120341 A EP98120341 A EP 98120341A EP 98120341 A EP98120341 A EP 98120341A EP 0913652 B1 EP0913652 B1 EP 0913652B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- vacuum pump
- evacuation
- zeolite bed
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for cooling and / or freezing water-containing Products by direct evaporation under vacuum.
- a method is known from DE 40 031 07, water by direct evaporation convert to ice. The one flowing off a water surface Water vapor is adsorbed in a zeolite bed. A vacuum pump sucks air and non-condensable gases out of the zeolite bed.
- Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates, with a branched cavity structure, reversibly stores (adsorbs) the water molecules.
- the adsorption of Water vapor is a highly exothermic process.
- the stored water can by heating (regeneration) the zeolite crystals to above approx. 200 ° C again are evaporated from the crystal structure.
- Another way to protect the pumps is to fill the zeolite in its geometric extension the flow path of the water vapor adapt.
- the flow path of the steam within the The filling becomes longer and the pressure drop correspondingly higher.
- the suction pressure of the pump be lowered.
- it decreases with lower adsorption pressure the adsorption load. This also leads to an additional expenditure of desorption heat.
- adsorption zones With long flow paths of water vapor through the zeolite bed so-called adsorption zones, in which the adsorption reaction takes place.
- the zeolite filling has already reached the saturation load in front of this zone, no water vapor flow can be measured behind the zone.
- the pressure is here the final pressure of the pump.
- the vacuum pump is continuous is in operation, its final pressure has no influence on the evaporation temperature in the product. The vacuum pump runs for a long time and with high operating costs.
- the adsorption zone becomes reach the end of the filling after a certain time and the Water vapor can be sucked in by the vacuum pump.
- the water vapor absorption capacity of a zeolite bed depends on it Dimensions from the driving steam pressure. This is, especially in terms of time Course, depending on the temperature, the amount and the structure of the to cooling product.
- the object of the invention is to provide methods with which an optimal Loading the zeolite bed and at the same time protecting the vacuum pump from the damaging effects of high water vapor pressures is possible.
- the term product stands for all water-containing substances, indifferent whether it is organic or inorganic substances.
- the water content can vary widely. However, the minimum percentage must be as large be that the desired cooling temperature is achieved by direct evaporation can be. It is also advantageous to dry the surface only damp goods, such as B. plastic granules. It can make sense here be used to heat or pre-heat the product during the evaporation process to bring the drying to a higher temperature.
- the common goal of all processes is, besides an optimal loading of the Zeolite bed and the protection of the vacuum pump, its running time on one Limit minimum.
- Especially with mobile and / or solar powered Devices is a low energy expenditure for the operation of the vacuum pump he wishes.
- the vacuum pump is only in operation until the water vapor flow from the product to the zeolite bed exceeds a given value. With appropriate devices flow monitors are used for this purpose, the pressure drop of the flowing water vapor.
- Water vapor-sensitive sensors are also used, which are before or also are arranged after the pump. You can use the pump turn off as soon as they register water vapor in the flow. Sensors on Output of the pumps have the advantage that they are not suitable for vacuum have to. They can also be less sensitive because of the water vapor the pump is highly concentrated. A burst of water vapor the zeolite bed is always a signal that the zeolite filling is closed renew or regenerate.
- Another very inexpensive way to protect the pump is the temperature rise of the zeolite bed during adsorption to be used as an output signal for switching off the pump. This regulation is particularly suitable if it is within the zeolite bed can form an adsorption zone. The temperature sensor is then to be placed at the end of the zeolite bed.
- the droplet separators are cooled. If the product temperature is above the liquefaction temperature of these cooled surfaces, the outflowing steam can condense on the cold surfaces and, if so desired, can drip back into the product to be cooled as condensate.
- the evacuation of the system is controlled so that no water vapor flows to the zeolite bed during this phase. According to the invention, the further flow of the water vapor is prevented by an air cushion in the zeolite bed.
- the evacuation is controlled according to the invention so that the pressure in the vacuum chamber decreases continuously, but the expansion of the gas cushion in the zeolite bed is retained. A boundary layer a few centimeters wide forms between the flowing water vapor and the blocking gas cushion.
- Dough is often treated with cold today. On the one hand, this is done around to stop or delay the fermentation process, on the other hand to keep the dough in the Store and transport refrigerated / frozen state for a long time.
- the dough is loosened by carbon dioxide the addition of leavening agents (yeast, baking powder, etc.) arises.
- leavening agents yeast, baking powder, etc.
- the fermentation process can be delayed and stopped or without the addition of blowing agents, because the Loosening (pore) in the direct evaporation by the expanding Water vapor takes place. Do the evaporation until completely freezing of the dough, the inflated structure of the dough remains the flooding of the vacuum chamber.
- a number of other foods must be refrigerated / frozen at higher ones Temperatures are treated (cooking, baking, steaming, steaming, pasteurizing, Blanching, broth ect.). It is particularly advantageous if this Heat treatment already inside the still open vacuum chamber is possible. For the subsequent cooling process, only the Vacuum chamber are closed and the evacuation process started become.
- the vacuum chamber advantageously has the shape of, for example Cooking kettles, steamers or autoclaves with airtight closures Vacuum chamber are expandable.
- the suction line to the zeolite bed exists then, for example, from a flexible connection that is flanged to the lid becomes.
- z. B. also upgrade an oven to the vacuum chamber.
- Half-baked products can be baked in the oven by direct evaporation be frozen.
- the walls of the oven stay hot because of them no water can evaporate.
- vacuum packaging machines expand with a zeolite bed and pre-pack the food to cool or freeze.
- the products are sealed airtight here immediately after the direct evaporation according to the known Process in the same vacuum chamber.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Description
Die Evakuierung des Systems wird dabei so gesteuert, daß während dieser Phase kein Wasserdampf zum Zeolithbett strömt. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Weiterströmung des Wasserdampfes durch ein Luftpolster im Zeolithbett verhindert. Die Evakuierung wird dabei erfindungsgemäß so gesteuert, daß der Druck in der Vakuumkammer zwar kontinuierlich abnimmt, die Ausdehnung des Gaspolsters im Zeolithbett jedoch erhalten bleibt. Zwischen strömendem Wasserdampf und blockierendem Gaspolster bildet sich eine wenige Zentimeter breite Grenzschicht aus. Auf der einen Seite befindet sich reiner, mit hoher Geschwindigkeit strömender Wasserdampf und auf der anderen Seite ein relativ ruhendes, wasserdampffreies Gaspolster.
Erst wenn die Produkttemperatur nahezu die Verflüssigungstempertatur erreicht hat und demzufolge die Kühlleistung abnimmt, kann durch gesteuertes Abpumpen des Gaspolsters aus dem Zeolithbett Wasserdampf in dieses einströmen und adsorbiert werden. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Evakuieren können die sonst notwendigen Stömungsklappen und Saugventile zwischen Produkt und Zeolithfüllung vermieden werden.
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zum Kühlen und Gefrieren wasserhaltiger Produkte durch Direktverdampfung, bei welchem Verfahren
das wasserhaltige Produkt in eine Vakuumkammer eingebracht wird und durch eine Vakuumpumpe der Kammerdruck soweit abgesenkt wird, dass Wasserdampf aus dem Produkt entweicht und das Produkt durch die direkte Verdampfungskälte abkühlt,
der vom Produkt abströmende Wasserdampf in einem der Vakuumpumpe vorgelagerten Zeolithbett adsorbiert wird,
die Evakuierung der Vakuumkammer durch die Vakuumpumpe so auf die Adsorptionscharakteristik des Zeolithbettes abgestimmt wird, dass das Produkt die gewünschte Temperatur und/oder den gewünschten Wassergehalt annimmt,
kein Wasserdampf durch das Zeolithbett hindurch zur Vakuumpumpe strömt und
die Evakuierung durch die Vakuumpumpe beendet wird, sobald die Wasserbeladung im Zeolithbett im Bereich der Schüttung unmittelbar vor der Vakuumpumpe einen gegebenen Wert übersteigt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
nach Beginn der direkten Verdampfung die Evakuierung unterbrochen wird und erst dann wieder fortgesetzt wird, wenn die Wasserdampfströmung zum Zeolithbett nachläßt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Evakuierung beendet wird, sobald Wasserdampf die Vakuumpumpe erreicht. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Evakuierung beendet wird, sobald die Temperatur des Zeolithbettes im Bereich vor der Vakuumpumpe durch die freiwerdende Adsorptionswärme ansteigt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Evakuierung unterbrochen wird, sobald durch die Wasserdampfströmung flüssige Bestandteile vom Produkt abgetrennt und in das Zeolithbett eingetragen werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Evakuierung des Produktes erst dann unterbrochen wird, wenn das Produkt aufgeschäumt, aufgebläht oder aufgelockert ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruchs 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Vakuumkammer erst dann wieder geflutet wird, wenn das aufgeschäumte oder aufgelockerte Produkt gefroren ist. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das gekühlte oder gefrorene Produkt noch unter Vakuum in luftdichte Behältnisse eingeschlossen wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der vom Produkt abströmende Wasserdampf bevor er das Zeolithbett erreichen kann, an einer kalten Fläche rückverflüssigt wird und erst wenn die Verdampfungstemperatur im Produkt die Verflüssigungstemperatur nahezu erreicht hat, durch weitere Evakuierung in das Zeolithbett einströmen kann. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Produkt vor dem Kühlprozeß auf höhere Temperaturen erhitzt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Produkt in die bereits vorevakuierte Vakuumkammer eingeleitet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
dem Produkt vor dem Kühlprozeß das während der Direktverdampfung entzogene Wasser zugesetzt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Prokukt in der Vakuumkammer nach der Direktverdampfung für einen längeren Zeitraum kalt gelagert wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19748362 | 1997-11-03 | ||
DE19748362A DE19748362A1 (de) | 1997-11-03 | 1997-11-03 | Verfahren zum Kühlen und/oder Gefrieren wasserhaltiger Produkte |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0913652A2 EP0913652A2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
EP0913652A3 EP0913652A3 (de) | 2000-12-13 |
EP0913652B1 true EP0913652B1 (de) | 2004-11-03 |
Family
ID=7847349
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98120341A Expired - Lifetime EP0913652B1 (de) | 1997-11-03 | 1998-10-28 | Verfahren zum Kühlen und Gefrieren wasserhaltiger Produkte |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0913652B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE281638T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19748362A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10347497B4 (de) * | 2003-10-13 | 2006-03-30 | MIWE-ÖKOKÄLTE GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Gegenständen und Räumen und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
WO2006102939A1 (de) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Miwe Ökokälte Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum kühlen von gegenständen und räumen und verfahren zu deren betrieb |
DE102008020605B4 (de) | 2008-04-24 | 2021-02-18 | Schwörer Haus KG | Heiz- und Kühlanordnung |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1559223A (en) * | 1922-08-17 | 1925-10-27 | Fernan O Conill | Domestic refrigerating apparatus |
NL18247C (de) * | 1923-11-20 | |||
JPH0788996B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-24 | 1995-09-27 | 品川燃料株式会社 | 冷却方法 |
DE4003107A1 (de) | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-08 | Zeolith Tech | Eiserzeuger nach dem sorptionsprinzip |
SE470329B (sv) * | 1991-11-04 | 1994-01-24 | Gustav Kyrk | Filteranordning för uppfångning av fukt ur ett gasflöde till en sugpump |
DE4138114A1 (de) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Zeolith Tech | Kuehlvorrichtung und kuehlverfahren zur kuehlung eines mediums innerhalb eines gefaesses |
SE9201620L (sv) * | 1992-05-22 | 1993-10-11 | Naa Eriksson Ab | Anordning för att förpacka produkter i gastäta påsar, med ett specialutformat rörligt munstycke |
DE59207855D1 (de) * | 1992-07-06 | 1997-02-20 | Zeolith Tech | Kühlsystem mit einer vakuumdichten Arbeitsmitteldampf-Sammelleitung |
DE4410290A1 (de) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-26 | Hartwig Wollert | Vorrichtung zum Schutz der Vakuumpumpe vor Evakuierflüssigkeiten |
DE4426053A1 (de) * | 1994-07-24 | 1996-01-25 | Rennebeck Klaus | Verfahren zur Kühlung, Kälte- und Eiserzeugung mit Kapillarrohr und Integralfestbettreaktor mit Wasserversprühung, mit und ohne Antriebsleistung beim Eisbilden |
BR9612566A (pt) * | 1995-11-01 | 1999-09-14 | John J Bauer Jr | Refrigerador absorvente balanceado |
-
1997
- 1997-11-03 DE DE19748362A patent/DE19748362A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-28 EP EP98120341A patent/EP0913652B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-28 AT AT98120341T patent/ATE281638T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-28 DE DE59812213T patent/DE59812213D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59812213D1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
DE19748362A1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
ATE281638T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
EP0913652A2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
EP0913652A3 (de) | 2000-12-13 |
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