EP0863294B1 - Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures - Google Patents
Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0863294B1 EP0863294B1 EP98103420A EP98103420A EP0863294B1 EP 0863294 B1 EP0863294 B1 EP 0863294B1 EP 98103420 A EP98103420 A EP 98103420A EP 98103420 A EP98103420 A EP 98103420A EP 0863294 B1 EP0863294 B1 EP 0863294B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- carrier
- reinforcement
- reinforced
- der
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000009439 industrial construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
Definitions
- the reinforcement of the vaulted ceiling is carried out by conventional methods cantilevered: Reinforcement arches hold the reinforcement in place on the vaulted ceiling, but due to the large weight of the reinforcements a slight sagging is unavoidable, which is only eliminated when driving the formwork in position. In this in-position driving spacers are pressed on the reinforcements to the vaulted ceiling. Some spacers may break if the reinforcement is not in the desired position. It can tear when removing the sag also wire connections of the reinforcements with each other and done a violation of the sealing foil by protruding steel parts. Or the reinforcement lies unintentionally directly on the sealing film and is there, without protective concrete milieu, more susceptible to corrosion. In both cases, costly remedial measures can be the result.
- Another disadvantage of the conventional methods is the occurrence of a reinforcement gap on the Stirnabschalung. This gap must be closed by retrofitting reinforcement, with overlaps in the reinforcement that require additional material and additional costs.
- the method described above using the example of tunneling is not on limited to tunneling, but can be applied in many other cases, in which space problems occur when reinforcing formwork.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist heute üblich, Tunnel großer Querschnittsfläche nicht in ihrem ganzen
Querschnitt auf einmal voranzutreiben, sondern nur in Teilquerschnitten und
in kurzen Abschlägen. Ein einschlägiges Dokument ist GB 2 262 128. Anschließend wird mit Spritzbeton gesichert. Dies ist
z.B aus der Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbauweise (NOT) bekannt. Auch
Sohle und Gewölbe des Tunnels werden getrennt betoniert. Die Wandstärken
schwanken dabei meist zwischen 40 Zentimetern und 3 Metern, je nach
Material, in dem der Tunnel geführt werden muß. Zusätzlich sind die Betonwandungen
zur Aufnahme großer Kräfte mit Mengen an Stahlbögen und
Baustahlmatten armiert.
Die Bewehrung des Deckengewölbes erfolgt nach herkömmlichen Verfahren
freitragend: Bewehrungstragebögen halten dabei die Bewehrung in ihrer Lage
an der Gewölbedecke, wobei aber aufgrund des großen Gewichtes der
Bewehrungen ein leichtes Durchhängen nicht zu vermeiden ist, welches erst
beim Fahren der Schalung in Position beseitigt wird. Bei diesem In-Position-Fahren
werden Abstandshalter auf den Bewehrungen an die Gewölbedecke
angepreßt. Dabei können einige Abstandhalter brechen, wenn die Bewehrung
nicht in Sollage ist. Es können beim Beseitigen der Durchhängung auch
Drahtverbindungen der Bewehrungen untereinander reißen und eine Verletzung
der Dichtungsfolie durch herausstehende Stahlteile erfolgen. Oder die
Bewehrung liegt ungewollt direkt an der Dichtungsfolie an und ist dort, ohne
schützendes Betonmilieu, korrosionsgefährdeter. In beiden Fällen können
aufwendige Sanierungsmaßnahmen die Folge sein.
Ein weiterer Nachteil der herkömmlichen Verfahren ist das Auftreten einer
Bewehrungslücke an der Stirnabschalung. Diese Lücke muß durch nachträgliches
Einbringen von Bewehrungen geschlossen werden, wobei Überlappungen
in der Bewehrung nötig sind, die zusätzliches Material erfordern und
Mehrkosten verursachen.It is customary today not to advance tunnels of large cross-sectional area in their entire cross-section at once, but only in partial cross-sections and in short tees. A relevant document is GB 2 262 128. Subsequently, it is secured with shotcrete. This is known, for example, from the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NOT). Also sole and vault of the tunnel are concreted separately. The wall thicknesses vary usually between 40 centimeters and 3 meters, depending on the material in which the tunnel must be performed. In addition, the concrete walls are reinforced to accommodate large forces with quantities of steel sheets and steel mesh.
The reinforcement of the vaulted ceiling is carried out by conventional methods cantilevered: Reinforcement arches hold the reinforcement in place on the vaulted ceiling, but due to the large weight of the reinforcements a slight sagging is unavoidable, which is only eliminated when driving the formwork in position. In this in-position driving spacers are pressed on the reinforcements to the vaulted ceiling. Some spacers may break if the reinforcement is not in the desired position. It can tear when removing the sag also wire connections of the reinforcements with each other and done a violation of the sealing foil by protruding steel parts. Or the reinforcement lies unintentionally directly on the sealing film and is there, without protective concrete milieu, more susceptible to corrosion. In both cases, costly remedial measures can be the result.
Another disadvantage of the conventional methods is the occurrence of a reinforcement gap on the Stirnabschalung. This gap must be closed by retrofitting reinforcement, with overlaps in the reinforcement that require additional material and additional costs.
Die Erfindung sieht daher folgende Maßnahmen vor, die es erlauben, auch
Tunnelgewölbe großen Querschnittes ohne Beschädigung der äußeren
Dichtungsfolien oder unkontrolliertem Brechen von Abstandshaltern zu bauen,
und keine Bewehrungslücke entstehen läßt:
Das Flechten einer Bewehrung oder von Teilen derselben kann auch entfernt von der Schalung z.B. auf einer Schablone erfolgen. Das entstandene Flechtwerk wird danach auf die Schalung übertragen.
Durch die Aufteilung der Schalung in Kalottenbereich und Seitenteile und Bewehrung der abgesenkten Kalottenschalung von oben erreicht man auch eine Verringerung der Last auf den Abstandshaltem, da die Armierung auf der Kalottenschalung nur in etwa die Dimension der Kalotte hat. Außerdem sind die auf die Abstandshalter wirkenden Kräfte schon deswegen geringer, weil sie sich nur aus Gewichtskräften zusammensetzen und beim Hochfahren der Schalung keine oder nur geringe Anpreßkräfte wirksam werden, da die Bewehrung, auf der Schalung liegend und sehr leicht zugänglich, genau der Schalung und der Decke angepaßt ist.
In einer besonders günstigen Durchführung des Verfahrens wird das Bewehren der Kalottenschalung auf einem Schalungsträger räumlich von der später zu erfolgenden Deckenbetonierung getrennt in aller Sorgfalt durchgeführt, während ein weiterer Träger mit bereits bewehrter Schalung gerade im Einsatz bei der Betonierung ist. Nach Abschluß der Betonierarbeiten wird diese Schalung abgesenkt und in Bewehrungsposition gebracht, während die in der Zwischenzeit bewehrte zweite Schalung an ihren Bestimmungsort gefahren, angehoben und der entstehende Zwischenraum mit Beton verfüllt wird. Durch die Verwendung von (mindestens) zwei Schalungen ist also eine wechselweise Bewehrung und Betonierung möglich, die zu einer erhöhten Tunnelbaugeschwindigkeit führt
Dabei stellen die mit a bezeichneten Figuren Längsschnitte durch den Tunnel dar, die mit b bezeichneten Querschnitte:
The braiding of a reinforcement or parts thereof can also be done away from the formwork, for example on a template. The resulting wickerwork is then transferred to the formwork.
By dividing the formwork in Kalottenbereich and side panels and reinforcement of the lowered Kalottenschalung from above can also be achieved a reduction in the load on the Abstandshaltem because the reinforcement on the Kalottenschalung has only about the dimension of the calotte. In addition, the forces acting on the spacer forces are already lower because they are composed only of weight forces and when starting the formwork little or no contact forces are effective because the reinforcement lying on the formwork and very easily accessible, the formwork and the Ceiling is adapted.
In a particularly advantageous implementation of the method, the reinforcement of the Kalottenschalung on a formwork support is carried out spatially separated from the later to be performed ceiling concrete in all care, while another carrier with already reinforced formwork is currently in use in concreting. After completion of the concreting this formwork is lowered and placed in reinforcement position, while the reinforced in the meantime second formwork driven to its destination, raised and the resulting gap is filled with concrete. By using (at least) two formworks, an alternating reinforcement and concreting is possible, which leads to an increased tunneling speed
The figures denoted by a represent longitudinal sections through the tunnel, the cross sections designated by b:
Das oben am Beispiel des Tunnelbaus beschriebene Verfahren ist nicht auf den Tunnelbau beschränkt, sondern läßt sich in vielen anderen Fällen anwenden, in denen Raumprobleme beim Armieren von Schalungen auftreten. Durch Aufteilen der Schalung in eine Oberseite und eine Unterseite, die in räumlichem Abstand zur Oberseite armiert und erst dann an die Endposition gefahren wird, wo sie mit der Oberseite zusammen die komplette Schalung ergibt, lassen sich daher z.B. auch normale Deckenkonstruktionen oder Brückenbögen bauen.The method described above using the example of tunneling is not on limited to tunneling, but can be applied in many other cases, in which space problems occur when reinforcing formwork. By dividing the formwork into a top and a bottom, which in reinforced spatial distance to the top and only then to the final position is driven, where they together with the top the complete formwork therefore, e.g. also normal ceiling constructions or Build bridge arches.
Die in der vorhergehenden Beschreibung verwendete Kalottenschalung stellt daher eigentlich eine Schalungsunterseite dar. In den Ansprüchen ist daher allgemein nur von Schalungsunterseite und Schalungsoberseite die Rede.The Kalottenschalung used in the previous description provides Therefore actually a formwork underside. In the claims is therefore in general only the formwork bottom and formwork top the speech.
Claims (13)
- A method for concreting reinforced ceilings, in particular arches,
characterized in that a formwork bottom, spatially separate from the associated formwork top, is covered with reinforcement materials, if necessary on spacers, and that said covered formwork is then positioned in relation to the formwork top in such a way that it forms together with it a complete formwork reinforced inside or else only part of a complete formwork, to which side parts are still to be joined, and that the formwork-enclosed cavity is subsequently filled with a hardenable mass, preferably concrete. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the reinforcement, or parts thereof, is interlaced remote from the formwork bottom and that the interlaced assembly is subsequently placed onto the formwork bottom. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that the ceiling of a driven tunnel is used as the formwork top. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that a tunnel ceiling lined with shotcrete is used as a formwork top. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that a foil, preferably a sealing foil, is additionally installed underneath the formwork top. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the spacers ensuring the distance of the reinforcement material to the formwork top are installed on the reinforcement material while the formwork bottom is in a lowered condition. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that for multiply repeated concreting of the ceiling at least two formwork bottoms are employed, so that while one is in the process stage of concreting, the other/others can be fitted with reinforcement material. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the formwork bottoms are placed or exchangeably mounted on travelling or shiftable carriers, and that these carriers can be jacked up or lowered. - A method according to claim 8,
characterized in that essentially the following, cyclically repeated procedure takes place:a.) Employed are two formwork bottoms and three carriers.b.) One reinforced formwork bottom situated on a carrier is raised and, together with the associated formwork top and any possible side parts, encloses a space to be filled with a hardenable mass, e.g. concrete, while the other formwork bottom situated on a lowered carrier is fitted with reinforcement material which lies on a height-adjustable third carrier that is preferably on about the same level as the reinforcement bottom on the second carrier.c.) After completion of the concreting work on the raised formwork, the carrier is lowered together with the formwork and travels/is shifted next to the empty reinforcement-material carrier which is situated between the two formwork carriers. The empty reinforcement-material carrier then receives the unreinforced formwork and is subsequently lowered so much that it can travel/be shifted underneath one of the formwork carriers, preferably the one with the formwork that has now been reinforced.d.) The carrier without formwork travels/is shifted next to the carrier with reinforced formwork and receives from it said reinforced formwork.e.) The carrier that now carries the reinforced formwork travels/is shifted to its new location where its formwork is raised and thus becomes available again for concreting the arched ceiling.f.) The empty reinforcement-material carrier, which carries the unreinforced formwork, again transfers this formwork to the empty formwork carrier. Subsequently it again takes up reinforcement material and transfers this to the formwork on the carrier. - A method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that steel in the form of mats, bars or bent bars is used as reinforcement material. - An arrangement for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized by a formwork bottom placed or mounted on a travelling or shiftable, height-adjustable carrier. - An arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 11,
characterized in that the formwork bottom is exchangeably placed or mounted on the travelling or shiftable, height-adjustable carrier. - An arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 9,
characterized by two arrangements according to claim 12 and at least one additional travelling or shiftable, height-adjustable reinforcement-material carrier which, due to its smaller dimensions, can be accommodated underneath at least one of the arrangements according to claim 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19709336 | 1997-03-07 | ||
DE19709336A DE19709336C2 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 1997-03-07 | Process for concreting reinforced vaults or ceilings in tunnel construction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0863294A1 EP0863294A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
EP0863294B1 true EP0863294B1 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
Family
ID=7822543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98103420A Expired - Lifetime EP0863294B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 1998-02-27 | Method and device for the industrial construction of reinforced ceiling structures |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0863294B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE297498T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19709336C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1111186B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2006-03-01 | Ed. Züblin Ag | Method of reinforcing arches |
DE10023798C2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2003-08-14 | Marcus Wruck | Support plate with extendable and retractable support plate with a fully automatic device for inserting reinforced shotcrete |
DE10135748C1 (en) * | 2001-07-21 | 2002-08-22 | Walter Bau Ag | Reinforced concrete tunnel lining formation device has positioning carriage between concrete reinforcement carriage and shuttering carriage |
AT501450B1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2010-09-15 | Monai Bernhard Dipl Ing | METHOD AND CEILING ELEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN INTERMEDIATE CEILING IN A TUNNEL |
DE102004060653B4 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | Doka Industrie Gmbh | Formwork arrangement and method for constructing a formwork arrangement |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064710B (en) * | 1954-08-19 | 1959-09-03 | Josef Boessner | Formwork equipment for concreting barrel vaults, tunnels, galleries or shafts |
DE2323811A1 (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-12-05 | Rheinstahl Ag | SUPPORTING FRAME FOR WALKING FRAMES FOR DRIVE WORK |
DE2436088C2 (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1984-09-27 | Peiner Maschinen- Und Schraubenwerke Ag, 3150 Peine | Movable space formwork |
US4407609A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1983-10-04 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing negative buoyancy for tunnel forms |
JPS63229385A (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-09-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Gas flow velocity measuring apparatus at blast furnace gate |
GB2262128B (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-09-13 | John Gillespie | Tunnel shuttering |
FR2691204A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-19 | Al Cant Coffrages | Shuttering system, esp for lining excavated tunnel with concrete - comprises supporting structure, fixed upper vault and hinged side partitions operated by power cylinders |
DE19509315C1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-05-09 | Hermann Ing Grad Breucha | Concrete post-treatment during tunnel concretion |
-
1997
- 1997-03-07 DE DE19709336A patent/DE19709336C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-27 DE DE59812843T patent/DE59812843D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-27 EP EP98103420A patent/EP0863294B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-27 AT AT98103420T patent/ATE297498T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59812843D1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
EP0863294A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
DE19709336C2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
DE19709336A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
ATE297498T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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