EP0822893B1 - Schneckenpresse - Google Patents
Schneckenpresse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0822893B1 EP0822893B1 EP96910849A EP96910849A EP0822893B1 EP 0822893 B1 EP0822893 B1 EP 0822893B1 EP 96910849 A EP96910849 A EP 96910849A EP 96910849 A EP96910849 A EP 96910849A EP 0822893 B1 EP0822893 B1 EP 0822893B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- pressing body
- extraction agent
- pressing
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device, namely a Screw press, for extracting oils by pressing and Extract an oily raw material in the presence of a liquid extractant, which device a Feeder for the raw material, a compact with a movably mounted one Press screw, means for introducing the extractant into the compact and one Has outlet opening for the pressed raw material.
- DE-A-30 16 877 describes a method for continuous fat separation from organic raw materials known, the raw materials are first crushed, if necessary dried, then with a fat solvent mashed and then fed to a screw press.
- GB-A-1 340 484 also relates to pressing in the presence an extractant.
- DE-C 665 873 describes a method according to which Extractant is supplied during the pressing.
- Palm oil can be obtained by pressing the oily fruit is, with the solvent at the entrance to the press grouting material is fed under normal pressure.
- a device which consists of three mutually perpendicular arranged presses there.
- the first press which serves as a feed press, that becomes Pressed material introduced and moved horizontally to the second press
- Pressed goods are transported vertically downwards, oil being pressed out of the pressed goods
- the third press the material to be pressed is pressed further, during the pressing a solvent for the oil is injected into the pressed material.
- the third press is liquid and executed gastight. About the oil yield when using this known device nothing known.
- the invention has for its object to provide a screw press with which the oily raw material in a single operation to 96-98%, based on the Total oil content that can be removed and which is structurally very simple is.
- a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the means for introducing the extractant into the compact Openings are provided in the press screw and / or in the press body, through which is a liquid extractant under pressure in the press body Raw material can be introduced.
- the device is that the jacket in its lower Part of a tub to collect the from the compact has escaping oil / extractant mixture.
- the tub is conveniently with an outlet for that Provide oil / extractant mixture, which outlet gas-tight is connected to a pressure vessel.
- the invention also relates to a method for obtaining Oils and / or extractable substances by pressing and Extract an oily and / or extractable substance containing raw material in the presence of a liquid and / or supercritical extractant, being an oil or extracted substance / extractant mixture is obtained, from which the extractant is removed, which Process is characterized in that the raw material crushed and using the above described device according to the invention is pressed, wherein at the same time the extractant under pressure into the raw material is introduced.
- the device according to the invention can as the liquid Extractor carbon dioxide in the liquefied state and / or supercritical state and / or hydrocarbons in liquid and / or supercritical state particularly good be used.
- the transesterification is the conversion of triglycerides, i.e. vegetable and animal fats and oils, with alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and isopropanol, in particular
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and isopropanol
- monoesters of Fatty acids and glycerin are created.
- Fatty acid methyl ester are becoming increasingly important as a diesel substitute fuel.
- a transesterification process is known from AT-B 394 374. According to this procedure, an excess of the used Alcohol of 1.10 to 1.80 moles per mole esterified with glycerol Fatty acid used.
- a process is known from AT-B 388 743 for the production of a fatty acid mixture from waste fats or Oil and the use of this mixture as a power or Known fuel.
- AT-B 397 966 also describes the production of Fatty acid esters of lower monohydric alcohols by transesterification of, for example, rapeseed oil. According to this procedure, the Transesterification in the presence of a solid basic catalyst with a catalyst excess of at most 1.6 moles per mole performed as a glyceride bound fatty acid.
- AT-B 397 510 is a two-stage or multi-stage Transesterification process known.
- catalysts for the transesterification basic catalysts e.g. Alkali hydroxides, metal hydrides, alcoholates, carbonates or acetates, and acidic Catalysts, e.g. Mineral acids used.
- the most Most commonly used catalysts are sodium and Potassium hydroxide and sodium methylate, which are dissolved in alcohol e.g. added to a vegetable oil. Such a thing The method is known from AT-B 386 222.
- Transesterification device is based, among other things, on the Realization that the transesterification is advantageous in the oil-containing Raw material itself can be made, so it is not it is necessary to first remove the oil to be converted from the raw material win and only then change. Transesterification and separation of the fatty acid alkyl ester can thus be in a single Step.
- a preferred use of the press according to the invention is characterized in that at the beginning of the pressing Agent is introduced into the oil-containing substance, which the Residual moisture of the oily or fatty substance binds and thus increased soap formation after adding the catalyst prevents.
- the pressing is expediently carried out with cooling performed.
- FIG. 1 shows the section through a screw press of the State of the art
- Figures 2 and 3 show advantageous embodiments of the invention Screw press.
- Figure 4 the pressure curve in the screw press according to the invention along the compact shown.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the section through a previously known screw press (manufacturer: Krupp).
- the Reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical press body which with a feed 2 for the to be pressed and extracting raw material 3 is connected.
- the raw material 3 is detected by the screw flights 11 and in the cylindrical pressed body 1 pressed, conveyed by this, whereby oil is pressed out of the raw material, which by Openings, usually through strainer rods (not shown) are formed, flows down and the compact 1 leaves.
- the oil leaving the compact is by means of drops 4 indicated.
- the oil is drained from a pan (not shown) caught.
- the compressed raw material is transported through the Press body 1 through the outlet opening 6, which is in a Component 1a is located on the cylindrical pressing body 1 then pressed out.
- the press screw 5 has three in the embodiment shown frustoconical extensions 12 on which the Pressed material is exposed to increased pressure. After overcoming Such an expansion naturally lowers the pressure again something off. Such a pressure change favors the Injection, and solvent injected at this point diffuses through the brief relaxation up to Cell wall level.
- FIG. 2 shows a section through an embodiment of a Screw press according to the invention, which is simple by converting the known, shown in Figure 1 Screw press can be obtained.
- the one shown Screw press according to the invention additionally has one Sheath 7, 7a, the pressing body 1 in the area of those openings (not shown), from which oil 4 in the tub 7a, which in the present case identical to the lower part of the jacket 7 has reached, seals pressure-tight against the environment.
- the press screw 5 is hollow and has openings 8 through which a liquid extractant under pressure in the Press body 5 located raw material can be introduced.
- the extractant is under pressure via the feed line 13 the hollow press screw 5 fed. It has been shown that the raw material is pressed in this way simultaneous supply of extractant under pressure a very high oil yield of at least 96%, based on the total oil content. Due to the high pressures in the pressed material the injected solvent comes to supercritical Condition and increases the solubility of the oil or the extractable substances in the solvent.
- Hydrocarbon present as an extractant can this can be separated by distillation.
- a hydrocarbon or CO 2 present in gaseous form under normal conditions is used as the extractant, it is transferred from the press to a pressure vessel under pressure and thus in a liquid or supercritical state, and can be reduced there by reducing the pressure from the liquid by evaporation or suction and then increasing the pressure and lowering the temperature returned to the press in a liquid or supercritical state (recovery and recirculation).
- liquid carbon dioxide in the Device according to the invention very well as an extractant can be used. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that in in this case worked under pressure / temperature conditions under which carbon dioxide in liquid form or supercritical form. This applies to both Supply line 13 or in the hollow press screw 5, as well during the pressing of the raw material, i.e. within the Press body 1, in the tub 7a, in the outlet 10 and in subsequent collection container, which in this case as Pressure vessel must be executed. By specifying such Pressure and temperature conditions are in the tub 7a and subsequent pressure vessel a liquid mixture of oil or extractable substances and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide can evaporation by a simple pressure reduction be removed from the mixture.
- FIG. 3 shows another preferred embodiment of the Device according to the invention, in which the Extractant, i.e. liquid hydrocarbon or liquid carbon dioxide, not via the press screw 5, but via the compact 1 in the raw material just processed is introduced. These openings have the reference number 9 designated.
- the extractant is by means of the feed lines 14 fed to the openings 9.
- the openings 9 are advantageously each direct provided after an expansion 12 of the press screw 5. This improves oil production in a special way.
- Flushing nozzle (not shown) can be provided through which acids and / or oil-displacing and / or oil-soluble substances can also be injected.
- FIG. 4 shows the pressure curve within the compact 1, the X axis being the length of the cylindrical compact and the ordinate indicates the pressure. It is Figure 4 too see that the pressure increases as soon as the screw 5 Pressed material is detected and conveyed into the compact 1. For one good pressure build it is important that the crushed Raw material by washing with extractant superficially from the oil layer is freed. 4 are exemplary Pressures specified.
- the pressure in the compact 1 initially rises continuously, until the first extension 12 is overcome, which relieves the pressure drops sharply and then until the next expansion 12 rises continuously again. Due to this pressure change the oil production is improved or the Pressed particles to be pressed reoriented.
- the raw materials are made of non-oil before processing Free and remove fiber. Then they will dried to a water content of about 2-5%.
- the oily raw materials After drying, the oily raw materials are put on a Grain size of 0.5-2 mm crushed. Then they will with an oil-dissolving liquid, e.g. Hexane, and / or one Acid washed.
- the moist raw material prepared in this way can be fed to the press.
- the press capacity By completely separating the shells from the raw material can the press capacity compared to the known methods can be increased by up to 40%. This separation will also the protein content of the press cake around the omitted Shell part increased.
- the device according to the invention allows, at the outlet 6, the escaping material to be pressed into a pipe when hot lead (not shown), which provided with suction openings is that which emerges after the pressure relief Recover solvent via suction and condensation. This will remove the energy required for Residual solvent significantly reduced, because the material to be pressed Evaporation of the solvent is used.
- the device can also be used to produce triglycerides in the To catalytically reassess raw material during pressing.
- the liquid 4 leaving the compact 1 or 4a in this case is a mixture of ester, glycerol, Alcohol and catalyst from which the ester is known Way can be won.
- the shredded raw material should no longer be used during the transesterification contained as 0.5% water. It is expedient to processing raw material even before being missed Alcohol / catalyst mixture in contact for about 20-30 minutes brought.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Description
- daß eine einzige Preßschnecke vorgesehen ist, die sich in einem Preßkörper befindet und den Rohstoff aus der Zuführung in den Preßkörper und von dort unter Verpressen zu einer Austrittsöffnung befördert, und
- daß der Preßkörper mit einem Mantel druckfest gegen die Umgebung abgedichtet ist.
- der triglyceridhaltige Rohstoff zerkleinert wird,
- der zerkleinerte Rohstoff in den Preßkörper eingebracht wird,
- Alkohol und Katalysator durch die Öffnungen in der Preßschnecke und/oder im Preßkörper in den Rohstoff unter Bedingungen eingebracht werden, daß das im Rohstoff enthaltene Triglycerid mit dem Alkohol umgeestert wird, wobei der Fettsäureester gebildet wird, welcher den Preßkörper durch die Auslässe verläßt, wonach
- der Fettsäureester in an sich bekannter Weise gereinigt wird.
Claims (8)
- Vorrichtung zum Gewinnen von Ölen oder anderen extrahierbaren Stoffen durch Verpressen und Extrahieren eines ölhaltigen oder extrahierbare Substanzen haltigen Rohstoffes in Gegenwart eines flüssigen Extraktionsmittels, welche Vorrichtung eine Zuführung (2) für den Rohstoff, einen Preßkörper (1) mit einer darin beweglich gelagerten Preßschnecke (5), Mittel (8; 9) zum Einbringen des Extraktionsmittels in den Preßkörper (1), und eine Austrittsöffnung (6) für den verpreßten Rohstoff aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine einzige Preßschnecke (5) vorgesehen ist, die sich in einem Preßkörper (1) befindet und den Rohstoff (3) aus der Zuführung (2) in den Preßkörper (1) und von dort unter Verpressen zu einer Austrittsöffnung (6) befördert, unddaß der Preßkörper (1) mit einem Mantel (7) druckfest gegen die Umgebung abgedichtet ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichet, daß das Mittel (8; 9) zum Einbringen des Extraktionsmittels in den Preßkörper (1) Öffnungen sind, die in der Preßschnecke (5) und/oder im Preßkörper (1) vorgesehen sind, durch welche ein flüssiges Extraktionsmittel unter Druck in den im Preßkörper (1) befindlichen Rohstoff eingebracht werden kann.
- Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (7) eine Wanne (7a) zur Sammlung des aus dem Preßkörper (1) austretenden Öl/Extraktionsmittelgemisches aufweist.
- Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanne (7a) mit einem Auslaß (10) für das Öl/Extraktionsmittelgemisch versehen ist, welcher Auslaß (10) gasdicht und druckfest mit einem Druckbehälter verbunden ist.
- Verfahren zum Gewinnen von Ölen durch Verpressen und Extrahieren eines ölhaltigen oder extrahierbare Substanzen haltigen Rohstoffes in Gegenwart eines flüssigen Extraktionsmittels, wobei ein Öl oder extrahierbare Substanzen/Extraktionsmittelgemisch erhalten wird, aus welchem das Extraktionsmittel entfernt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Rohstoff zerkleinert und unter Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 verpreßt wird, wobei gleichzeitig das Extraktionsmittel unter Druck in den Rohstoff eingebracht wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als das flüssige Extraktionsmittel Kohlendioxid in verflüssigtem Zustand und/oder überkritischem Zustand oder ein Kohlenwasserstoff in flüssigem oder überkritischem Zustand eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zerkleinerte Rohstoff vor dem Verpressen mit einer öllösenden Flüssigkeit behandelt wird.
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Fettsäureestern durch Umesterung eines im ölhaltigen Rohstoff enthaltenen Triglycerids mit einem Alkohol in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßder triglyceridhaltige Rohstoff zerkleinert wird,der zerkleinerte Rohstoff in den Preßkörper (1) eingebracht wird,Alkohol und Katalysator durch die Öffnungen (8; 9) in der Preßschnecke und/oder im Preßkörper in den Rohstoff unter Bedingungen eingebracht werden, daß das im Rohstoff enthaltene Triglycerid mit dem Alkohol umgeestert wird, wobei der Fettsäureester gebildet wird, welcher den Preßkörper durch die Auslässe verläßt, wonachder Fettsäureester in an sich bekannter Weise gereinigt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT72795 | 1995-04-27 | ||
AT72695 | 1995-04-27 | ||
AT727/95 | 1995-04-27 | ||
AT72695 | 1995-04-27 | ||
AT72795 | 1995-04-27 | ||
AT726/95 | 1995-04-27 | ||
PCT/AT1996/000083 WO1996033861A1 (de) | 1995-04-27 | 1996-04-26 | Schneckenpresse |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0822893A1 EP0822893A1 (de) | 1998-02-11 |
EP0822893B1 true EP0822893B1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
EP0822893B2 EP0822893B2 (de) | 2005-04-13 |
Family
ID=25593737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96910849A Expired - Lifetime EP0822893B2 (de) | 1995-04-27 | 1996-04-26 | Schneckenpresse |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5939571A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0822893B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3842819B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE172913T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU5413196A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9608146A (de) |
DE (1) | DE59600783D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2123345T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996033861A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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FR2784116B1 (fr) * | 1998-10-06 | 2001-02-02 | Gie Sprint | Nouveau procede de fabrication d'esters d'acides gras, de farine de proteines, de fibres et de glycerol par transesterification directe des graines de colza erucique |
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DE102005019294A1 (de) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-09 | Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Pressen |
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DE102007014775B4 (de) * | 2007-03-28 | 2022-05-25 | Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Pressen |
UA61401U (ru) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-07-25 | Евгений Николаевич Малышев | Применение маслоотжимных прессов большой мощности как средства для сушки сыпучих и волокнистых сырьевых материалов |
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US9476009B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-25 | Drexel University | Acidic methanol stripping process that reduces sulfur content of biodiesel from waste greases |
FR3035565B1 (fr) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-05-26 | Terrena | Procede et installation de trituration de graines d'oleagineux pour l'obtention d'huile et de tourteau |
WO2018137793A1 (de) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | Ferrum Ag | Zentrifugenanordnung, entspannungsverfahren zur behandlung eines gemischs |
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DE3909492C1 (de) * | 1989-03-22 | 1990-04-19 | Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund Gmbh & Co, 5820 Gevelsberg, De | |
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AT394374B (de) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern niederer alkohole |
AT397510B (de) * | 1991-11-06 | 1994-04-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger alkohole |
-
1996
- 1996-04-26 JP JP53203196A patent/JP3842819B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 ES ES96910849T patent/ES2123345T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 DE DE59600783T patent/DE59600783D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 WO PCT/AT1996/000083 patent/WO1996033861A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-26 BR BR9608146A patent/BR9608146A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-26 US US08/945,444 patent/US5939571A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 EP EP96910849A patent/EP0822893B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-26 AT AT96910849T patent/ATE172913T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-26 AU AU54131/96A patent/AU5413196A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3016877A1 (de) * | 1980-05-02 | 1981-11-05 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Fettabtrennung |
EP0129739B1 (de) * | 1983-06-25 | 1987-05-06 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Fetten und Ölen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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M. Bockisch;" Nahrungsfette und Öle",Ulmer, 1993, Stuttgart, S318-323 und S. 344-349 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102602022A (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-25 | 张湖溪 | 一种新型家用榨油机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59600783D1 (de) | 1998-12-10 |
EP0822893B2 (de) | 2005-04-13 |
JP3842819B2 (ja) | 2006-11-08 |
JPH11504057A (ja) | 1999-04-06 |
ATE172913T1 (de) | 1998-11-15 |
BR9608146A (pt) | 1999-02-09 |
AU5413196A (en) | 1996-11-18 |
US5939571A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
EP0822893A1 (de) | 1998-02-11 |
WO1996033861A1 (de) | 1996-10-31 |
ES2123345T3 (es) | 1999-01-01 |
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