EP0808414B1 - Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für verbrennungskraftmaschinen - Google Patents
Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für verbrennungskraftmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0808414B1 EP0808414B1 EP96902226A EP96902226A EP0808414B1 EP 0808414 B1 EP0808414 B1 EP 0808414B1 EP 96902226 A EP96902226 A EP 96902226A EP 96902226 A EP96902226 A EP 96902226A EP 0808414 B1 EP0808414 B1 EP 0808414B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- hollow body
- packets
- filter
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/086—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2082—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/4263—Means for active heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
- B01D46/80—Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning
- B01D46/84—Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning by heating only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2896—Liquid catalyst carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0457—Specific fire retardant or heat resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/069—Special geometry of layers
- B01D2239/0695—Wound layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
- B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making
Definitions
- the invention relates to the preamble of Claim 1 for an exhaust gas purification device for Internal combustion engines, especially for diesel engines in motor vehicles, emergency power groups, construction machinery and Diesel locomotives are used in which the soot particle emissions is subjected to post-combustion so that the amount of ejected soot particles is drastically reduced.
- Ceramic filters are in the prior art from the publications DE 93 13 112.7 and DE 37 31 766 are known. From DE 93 13 112.7 is known to use a fuel Dosing device with a catalytic liquid additive move so that the ignition temperature of the soot particles in the Afterburn to decrease, reducing the filter material is regenerated. The liquid additive causes an exothermic chemical reaction with the soot particles, so that practically a Lowering the ignition temperature of the soot particles is effected.
- Monolithic ceramic filters have been around in the past as not very beneficial to the operating time of the filter impacted by sudden changes after a short time Overheating broke due to thermal stress.
- Ceramic filters all have the crucial disadvantage that they have their initially set density of material in the hollow body of the filter during operation via a Can't persist for long periods of time as they are in themselves slide together. Try to give the filter fabric a certain amount Had stability by inserting steel nets into the fabric only a moderate success as the respective service life of the Filters are not sufficient for continuous operation.
- the present invention the task of a soot filter to provide for internal combustion engines, which in the Is capable of high internal mechanical stability to ensure mechanical stress.
- the a catalytic additive is added to the fuel, especially in diesel internal combustion engines from a container with a gas inlet and gas outlet connection and a hollow body, the walls of which a variety of Have breakthroughs and is closed at the end and is partially filled with a knitted fabric made of filter material is characterized in that the filter material is a Has a plurality of ceramic packages, the ceramic packages knitted tubes rolled up from one end superfine ceramic threads are made of a heat-resistant wire are accompanied, the mesh size of the hose approx. 4.5 mm and the pitch is approx. 5 mm.
- the method according to the invention for producing the ceramic packages is characterized in that an approximately 4 mm thick wire is pulled through one end of the knitted tube with a large number of barbs which get caught in the knitted fabric and the wire is rotated about its longitudinal axis with a drive until the knitted tube is rolled up. Subsequently, the rolled-up knitted hoses produced in this way are advantageously placed as ceramic packages in a hollow body and compressed with the aid of a stamp with 2 kg per cm 2 , so that the ceramic weight of the ceramic packages is 500 mm in length with an inner diameter of 38 mm of the hollow body approx Is 850 g.
- the knitted ceramic packages In an advantageous embodiment is in the Container with an inlet and outlet nozzle a hollow body, the the knitted ceramic packages.
- the hollow body is a cylinder whose walls have a variety of openings have for the passage of the gas. It is for the present invention irrelevant whether the gas from the outside to inside or inside through the filter.
- the ceramic packages according to the invention become more advantageous Way made from knitted tubes that rolled up from one end into a bead-like ring.
- the ceramic yarns used for knitting exist made of very fine ceramic filaments, with a diameter of approx. 6 ⁇ m, the finished yarn having a diameter of approx. 1 mm and is textured and twisted.
- a heat-resistant wire is drawn parallel to the yarn, the should advantageously be made of a VA steel.
- the diameter of this steel wire is approx. 0.2 mm.
- the VA steel wire every single stitch of the knitted fabric, i.e. of Knitted tube goes through. This will make the entire ceramic package given an internal elasticity that a subsequent Compression of the knitted fabric or the ceramic packages prevented.
- the filter according to the invention make width to approx. 4.5 mm and the division of the knitted fabric to approx. 5 mm for a right-left binding.
- the iron-containing additive to the fuel fed in front of the internal combustion engine.
- other additives that do not contain iron can also be used for the present invention may be advantageous without being explicit here to be called.
- the advantageous inventive method for producing the Ceramic packets are characterized by the fact that they are of the same size one end of the knitted tube is a 4 mm thick wire is pulled with a variety of barbs that are located in the Hook the knitted fabric as the wire rotates around its longitudinal axis and thereby the prefabricated knitted tube up to its other Roll up the end completely.
- Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the entire device for Reduction of soot emissions from an internal combustion engine 2.
- the device is particularly useful in diesel internal combustion engines effective and effective because it emits the Soot particles is relatively large.
- the one in the internal combustion engine 2 soot particles generated pass through a line 2b in the container 3 according to the invention, which instead of the otherwise usual muffler is arranged in the exhaust system.
- Container 3 will release the soot particles for a short Intermediate time until it reaches its combustion temperature to have.
- the catalytic additive is Lowering the ignition temperature of the soot particles already in Fuel that is stored in the fuel tank 11.
- heavy metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt come in Question that lower the ignition temperature the most. This However, metals are excluded for reasons of environmental concern from the start.
- rare earths are considered to be catalytic Metals known, but not their environmental concern has been fully explored to date.
- iron appears this also considerably increases the ignition temperature of the soot particles reduced to about 320 to 350 ° C and beyond as for the environment is considered harmless as a suitable active substance for the corresponding additive.
- the additive concentrations can be regarded as very low and amount to one Mid-range car about 3 to 4 1 per 100,000 km. It shows that the additive quantities required to regenerate the particle filter are extremely low.
- the additive is removed from the Additive tank 16 removed and introduced into the fuel tank 11. About the necessary in diesel internal combustion engines Injection pump 19 then passes the diesel fuel mixture and additive into the combustion chambers of the engine 2.
- the additive can also be directly via a bypass 14b fed to the fuel feed line upstream of the injection pump 19 will.
- the dosing device 14 is with a special, here Not shown, metering valve equipped that is electronically controlled becomes.
- the soot particles come out the internal combustion engine 2 via the exhaust pipe 2a in the Container 3 in which the soot particle filter according to the invention located.
- FIG. 2 the basic structure of the container 3 with the therein shown hollow body 4 shown.
- the gas inlet connection 5 is advantageously concentric arranged to the container 3 when this container 3 is cylindrical is executed.
- the container 3 is used instead of the usual silencer used in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine 2.
- the hollow body is located 4 concentric to the container 3 and the gas inlet connection 5.
- the hollow body 4 consists of a cylinder, the outer surface 7 has a plurality of openings 8.
- the deck areas of the hollow body 4 are at the ends with a flat Lids 20 and 21 are closed, the lid 21 being an opening for the gas inlet nozzle 5.
- the exhaust gas containing soot particles passes through the gas inlet connection 5 in the interior of the hollow body 4 and is due to the pressure built up through the filter material, the over 90% of the soot particles in the exhaust gas are filtered out will.
- the ceramic packages according to the invention 9 represented symbolically. Also symbolized the metal wire 13 according to the invention is shown, which is characterized by pulls the entire knitted fabric through.
- the structure of the invention Ceramic packages 9 are explained in detail below.
- the hollow cylinder 4 contains a large number of these according to the invention Ceramic packets 9, which by means of a predetermined density mechanical pressure can be compressed.
- the on the surfaces of the ceramic yarns 12 of the ceramic packages 9 filtered soot particles reach after a short Starting time of the engine 2 the required ignition temperature of about 320 to 350 ° C, so that a rapid burning of the soot particles already takes place at low temperatures, which makes the necessary Regeneration of the depth filter is effected.
- FIG. 3 shows a part of the hollow body 4 in reproduced a sectional view.
- This illustration shows as the ceramic packages 9 according to the invention in the built Stored in the hollow body 4 and kept.
- Out the illustration also shows that the single ceramic package 9, 10 from a knitted one rolled up from one end Hose 22 made from a special ceramic yarn is.
- the ceramic package 10 represents the unpressed, undeformed and thus not compressed filter material in its original state represents.
- the ceramic package according to the invention exists 9, 10 from a rolled up elongated hose 22, which in a certain type of knitting is knitted cylindrical.
- the knitted fabric consists of a right-left weave with a mesh size (a) between 4.5 and 7.5 mm and a pitch of about 5, as shown in Fig. 4. That kind of bond and the mesh size has proven to be the cheapest in long-term trials Type of knitted fabric as it is the required one necessary differential pressure in the exhaust system with appropriate Compression guaranteed.
- This ceramic material has a particularly high permanent temperature resistance, which is above 1,000 ° C. Furthermore, this is Material resistant to most chemicals, with the exception of of hydrofluoric and phosphoric acids and strong alkalis. These ceramic filaments are also skin-friendly and healthy harmless.
- the yarn 12 is therefore made up of a large number of fine ceramic filaments 12 'together, which are textured and twisted.
- Metal wire 13 housed the every single stitch of the knitted fabric of the hose.
- the metal wire consists of a V4A steel, which on the one hand is heat-resistant and on the other hand has a sufficient spring effect having.
- Fig. 6 shows an apparatus for producing the invention Ceramic package 9, 10 from an elongated knitted Hose 22.
- the tool consists of a wire 15 which is on the last centimeters (10 to 15 cm) barbs 19, which with a so-called flex joint 25 on the approximately 4 mm thick Wire 15 are attached.
- the end of the barbed wire is at one end of the ceramic knitted tube all over Threaded the circumference of the hose 22 and then with a Drive 24 not to be described in more detail rotated. Due to the centrifugal force of the barbs, which only have one end the flexible joint 25 are connected to the wire 15, get caught the barbs in the knitted fabric and thus roll the hose 22 completely to a bead, the so-called ceramic package 9.
- the finished package 9 or 10 is then introduced into the hollow body 4 with the aid of a special device, as shown in FIG. 7.
- a matching ring 17 is placed on the outer edge of the hollow body 4 at the open end, which has the shape of a funnel in longitudinal section.
- a mandrel 18 which has approximately the inside diameter of the ceramic packages 9, 10 described above.
- the prefabricated ceramic packages 10 can be inserted into the hollow body 4 either by hand or by machine.
- the above-mentioned compression of the filter material to a dimension that is adapted to the intended use is carried out with the aid of a stamp 23.
- the mechanical pressure is approximately 2 kg per cm 2 for a filter with an outer diameter of 38 mm.
- the pure ceramic weight is approx. 850 g with a length of 500 mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Description
- 93,5% ≤ SiO2
- 4,0% = Al2O3
- 0,8% ≥ Na2O
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockschaltbild der gesamten Vorrichtung zur Minderung des Rußausstoßes aus der Abgasleitung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (2);
- Fig. 2
- den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Behälters (3) mit dem darin befindlichen erfindungsgemäßen Hohlkörper (4) und den erfindungsgemäßen Keramik-Paketen (9);
- Fig. 3
- eine prinzipielle Schnittdarstellung eines Teils des Hohlkörpers (4) mit den erfindungsgemäßen verdichteten und unverdichteten Keramik-Paketen (9, 10);
- Fig. 4
- einen Ausschnitt aus dem Gestrick mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Keramik-Garn (12) zusammen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Metall-Draht (13);
- Fig. 5
- eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung eines Teils des Kermaik-Garns (12) mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Metall-Draht (13);
- Fig. 6
- eine Prizipdarstellung eines Werkzeugs zur Herstellung des Keramik-Pakets (9);
- Fig. 7
- eine Prinzipdarstellung des Hohlkörpers (4) mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung (17, 18) zum Einführen der Keramik-Pakete (9).
Claims (16)
- Vorrichtung zur Minderung der Menge der austretenden Rußpartikel bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (2), denen dem Kraftstoff ein katalytisches Additiv zugeführt wird, insbesondere bei Diesel-Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, bestehend aus einem Behälter (3) mit einem Gasein- und Gasaustrittsstutzen (5, 6) und einem Hohlkörper (4), dessen Wandungen (7) eine Vielzahl von Durchbrüchen (8) aufweisen und am Ende (20) geschlossen ist und teilweise mit einem Gestrick aus Filtermaterial gefüllt ist, dadurch gekennzeichet, daß das Filtermaterial eine Mehrzahl von Keramik-Paketen (9) aufweist, wobei die Keramik-Pakete (9) von einem Ende her aufgerollte gestrickte Schläuche (22) aus hochfeinen Keramikfäden (12') sind, die von einem warmfesten Draht (13) begleitet sind, wobei die Maschenweite des Schlauches (22) ca. 4,5 mm und die Teilung ca. 5 mm beträgt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (3) und der Hohlkörper (4) konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei der Hohlkörper (4) doppelwandig ist, um die Keramik-Pakete (9) aufzunehmen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gaseintrittsstutzen (5) konzentrisch zum Behälter (3) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aufgerollten Keramik-Pakete (9) mit 2 kg pro cm2 verdichtet sind, so daß das Keramikgewicht der Keramik-Pakete (9) auf 500 mm Länge bei einem Innendurchmesser von 38 mm. des Hohlkörpers (4) 850 g beträgt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zum Stricken verwendeten Keramikgarne (12') aus hochfeinen, z.B. 6 µ, Keramik-Filamenten (12') gebildet sind, wobei das Garn (12) einen Durchmesser von ca. 1 mm aufweist und texturiert und gezwirnt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maschen des Strickschlauches (22) eine Rechts-Links-Bindung aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die chemische Zusammensetzung des Filtermaterials aus93,5% ≤ SiO24,0% = Al2O30,8% ≥ Na2O
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der warmfeste Draht ein V4A-Stahl ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hitzebeständige Keramikgestrick eine Temperaturfestigkeit bis zu 1200°C aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Additiv eisenhaltig ist und die Zündtemperatur der Rußpartikel auf 300 bis 350°C erniedrigt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Additiv mittels einer Pumpeneinrichtung (12) dem Kraftstoff (Diesel) zugeführt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pumpeneinrichtung (12) elektronisch angesteuert wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (4) als Steckfilter ausgebildet ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung der Keramik-Pakete (9) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch ein Ende (23) des Strickschlauches (22) ein ca. 4 mm dicker Draht (15) mit einer Vielzahl von Widerhaken gezogen wird, die sich in dem Gestrick verhaken und der Draht (15) mit einem Antrieb (24) um seine Längsachse gedreht wird, bis der Strickschlauch (22) aufgerollt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerhaken (19) jeweils ein Scharnier (25) an einem Ende aufweisen.
- Verfahren zur Füllung eines Hohlkörpers (4) mit Keramik-Pakete (9) dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Keramik-Pakete (9) aus aufgerollten Strickschläuchen (22) aus Keramik fäden (12') begleitet von einem warmfesten Draht (13) in den Hohlkörper (4) eingelegt werden und mit Hilfe eines Stempels (23) mit 2 kg pro cm2 verdichtet werden, so daß das Keramikgewicht der Keramik-Pakete (9) auf 500 mm Länge bei einem Innendurchmesser von 38 mm des Hohlkörpers (4) 850 g beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19504450 | 1995-02-10 | ||
DE19504450A DE19504450A1 (de) | 1995-02-10 | 1995-02-10 | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
PCT/DE1996/000218 WO1996024755A1 (de) | 1995-02-10 | 1996-02-10 | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0808414A1 EP0808414A1 (de) | 1997-11-26 |
EP0808414B1 true EP0808414B1 (de) | 1998-11-25 |
Family
ID=7753643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96902226A Expired - Lifetime EP0808414B1 (de) | 1995-02-10 | 1996-02-10 | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5953906A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0808414B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11500053A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100271731B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1085290C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE173795T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4663096A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9607441A (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ289280B6 (de) |
DE (3) | DE19504450A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2127620T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP9801585A3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL321789A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2151306C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996024755A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19824285C2 (de) * | 1998-05-29 | 2001-10-11 | Siegfried Kany | Rußfilter für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
DE10047546A1 (de) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-18 | Huss Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung |
US6629407B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2003-10-07 | Ethyl Corporation | Lean burn emissions system protectant composition and method |
US20030226312A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-11 | Roos Joseph W. | Aqueous additives in hydrocarbonaceous fuel combustion systems |
US6971337B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2005-12-06 | Ethyl Corporation | Emissions control system for diesel fuel combustion after treatment system |
US20040074140A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-22 | Guinther Gregory H. | Method of enhancing the operation of a diesel fuel combustion after treatment system |
US20050011413A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-20 | Roos Joseph W. | Lowering the amount of carbon in fly ash from burning coal by a manganese additive to the coal |
US20050016057A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-27 | Factor Stephen A. | Simultaneous reduction in NOx and carbon in ash from using manganese in coal burners |
US7101493B2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2006-09-05 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method and composition for suppressing coal dust |
US7332001B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2008-02-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method of enhancing the operation of diesel fuel combustion systems |
US20050091913A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-05 | Aradi Allen A. | Method for reducing combustion chamber deposit flaking |
DE102004024519A1 (de) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-15 | Adam Opel Ag | Minimierung von PAK-Emissionen bei der Regeneration von Partikelfiltern |
JP4505441B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-07-21 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 内燃機関における排気ガス浄化装置 |
US7669409B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2010-03-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Selective oxidation catalyst injection based on temperature |
US8453425B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-06-04 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Soot reduction by combustor conditioning |
US20110146234A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Power system having additive injector |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3884037A (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1975-05-20 | Texaco Inc | Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control utilizing an acoustic catalytic muffler |
US4443559A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1984-04-17 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Catalytic distillation structure |
JPS61287451A (ja) * | 1985-06-13 | 1986-12-17 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | 排ガス浄化用触媒担体 |
DE3731766A1 (de) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-03-30 | Alfred Buck | Russfilter |
IT1219270B (it) * | 1988-05-06 | 1990-05-03 | Enea | Dispositivo per la riduzione dell'inquinamento atmosferico da gas di scarico di motori a combustione interna |
DE3823205A1 (de) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-11 | Eberspaecher J | Russfilterkerze fuer die reinigung von abgasen und aus russfilterkerzen gebildete russfilteranordnung |
DE4007724A1 (de) * | 1990-03-10 | 1991-09-12 | Ernst Apparatebau Gmbh & Co | Russfilter fuer dieselmotoren |
DE4022937A1 (de) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-23 | Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh | Filter- oder katalysatorkoerper |
DE4305915C2 (de) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-04-13 | Alfred Buck | Regenerierbares Filter |
DE9302776U1 (de) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-06-23 | Heinrich Gillet Gmbh & Co Kg, 67480 Edenkoben | Rußfilter für Kraftfahrzeuge |
DE9313112U1 (de) * | 1993-09-01 | 1993-12-23 | H.J.S. Fahrzeugteile-Fabrik GmbH & Co, 58706 Menden | Vorrichtung zur Dosierung von flüssigen Additiven zur Reinigung eines Rußfilters im Abgassystem einer mit Dieselkraftstoff betriebenen Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
-
1995
- 1995-02-10 DE DE19504450A patent/DE19504450A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-02-10 PL PL96321789A patent/PL321789A1/xx unknown
- 1996-02-10 CN CN96192579A patent/CN1085290C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-10 CZ CZ19972486A patent/CZ289280B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-10 ES ES96902226T patent/ES2127620T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-10 KR KR1019970705493A patent/KR100271731B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-10 DE DE19680068T patent/DE19680068D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-10 US US08/875,930 patent/US5953906A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-10 AT AT96902226T patent/ATE173795T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-10 WO PCT/DE1996/000218 patent/WO1996024755A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-02-10 EP EP96902226A patent/EP0808414B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-10 BR BR9607441A patent/BR9607441A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1996-02-10 HU HU9801585A patent/HUP9801585A3/hu unknown
- 1996-02-10 DE DE59600868T patent/DE59600868D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-10 JP JP8523901A patent/JPH11500053A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-02-10 AU AU46630/96A patent/AU4663096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-10 RU RU97115250/06A patent/RU2151306C1/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUP9801585A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
KR100271731B1 (ko) | 2000-11-15 |
PL321789A1 (en) | 1997-12-22 |
HUP9801585A2 (hu) | 1998-10-28 |
CZ289280B6 (cs) | 2001-12-12 |
DE19504450A1 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
WO1996024755A1 (de) | 1996-08-15 |
RU2151306C1 (ru) | 2000-06-20 |
BR9607441A (pt) | 1998-05-26 |
MX9706121A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
DE19680068D2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
CN1178569A (zh) | 1998-04-08 |
JPH11500053A (ja) | 1999-01-06 |
US5953906A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
ATE173795T1 (de) | 1998-12-15 |
CN1085290C (zh) | 2002-05-22 |
DE59600868D1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
AU4663096A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
CZ248697A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
ES2127620T3 (es) | 1999-04-16 |
KR19980702098A (ko) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0808414A1 (de) | 1997-11-26 |
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