EP0804695A1 - Rotors - Google Patents

Rotors

Info

Publication number
EP0804695A1
EP0804695A1 EP96900644A EP96900644A EP0804695A1 EP 0804695 A1 EP0804695 A1 EP 0804695A1 EP 96900644 A EP96900644 A EP 96900644A EP 96900644 A EP96900644 A EP 96900644A EP 0804695 A1 EP0804695 A1 EP 0804695A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
fibres
composite material
fibre composite
tow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96900644A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Colin David Tarrant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sellafield Ltd
Original Assignee
British Nuclear Fuels PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Nuclear Fuels PLC filed Critical British Nuclear Fuels PLC
Publication of EP0804695A1 publication Critical patent/EP0804695A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F16F15/305—Flywheels made of plastics, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics [FRP], i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C15/00—Construction of rotary bodies to resist centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/55—Flywheel systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to rotors, and in particular to rotors constructed from fibre reinforced composite material. More particularly, the invention is applicable to a rotor for use in an energy storage and conversion device.
  • Flywheels for energy storage and conversion devices may be constructed from a variety of materials. Traditionally, however, flywheels have consisted of heavy wheels rotating at relatively slow speeds. The heavier the flywheel, the more energy can be stored. This is because the energy stored in the flywheel is given by the equation
  • the energy stored is proportional to the moment of inertia, and thus the mass, of the flywheel.
  • Flywheels constructed of traditional materials have two main disadvantages, namely their weight and their large volume. If, however, the angular velocity of the flywheel can be increased rather than its weight, a much greater energy storage capacity is achieved because, for a given mass, the energy storage capacity is proportional to the square of the angular velocity (cf. equation 1 above) . Unfortunately, the maximum angular velocity of a flywheel is limited by the strength of the material from which it is made.
  • the glass or carbon fibres are wound in a resin binding material helically or in hoops to give a composite construction having appropriate mechanical properties.
  • the rotor of the applicant's energy storage and conversion device is substantially cylindrical/tubular in shape, it should be understood that the invention of this patent application can be applied to any shape of flywheel/rotor.
  • any flywheel/rotor there is a difference in surface velocity between the inner and outer parts or surfaces of the rotor.
  • the hoop strain induced in the layers of the flywheel vary significantly across the section of the flywheel.
  • the rotor can be constructed from concentric cylinders with interference fits, as disclosed in paper by D.M. Ries (FARE Inc) and J.A. Kirk (University of Maryland) from the proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference P.4.43-4.48, Vol 4, published 1992, or by winding concentric cylinders directly one onto another as disclosed in GB-
  • WO 86/03268 discloses the possibility of progressively varying the winding tension of fibres during manufacture of a rotor to reduce/manage the hoop strain variation induced by rotation of the rotor.
  • NL 9002415 teaches the use of adding high density powder to the fibre reinforced composite matrix progressively during winding of the rotor to achieve a similar result.
  • a rotor manufactured from a fibre composite material wherein the modulus of the fibre composite material decreases progressively from the outside of the rotor to the inside of the rotor.
  • a rotor is provided wherein radial strain mismatch is significantly reduced, if not eliminated. The rotor can, therefore, be rotated at much higher speeds without delamination occurring. A significant increase in stored energy capacity can therefore occur.
  • the modulus of the fibre composite material is decreased by increasing the number of fibres in a tow of the material which are broken. It should be appreciated, however, that the fibres on the outside of the rotor are preferably substantially unbroken, thereby providing the rotor with an extremely strong external surface.
  • the fibre composite material forms a thin wall of the rotor. More preferably, the fibre composite material forms a hollow cylinder of the rotor, the rotor comprising solely the cylinder.
  • the fibre composite material may comprise carbon fibres, glass fibres or a combination of both.
  • Other suitable fibres may of course alternatively be used.
  • the present invention further provides a method of producing a rotor from a fibre composite material comprising the steps of
  • the fibres are broken after step (b) and before step (c) .
  • the fibres may be broken by cutting or simply by giving the fibres a sharp tap or strike.
  • the modulus of the fibre composite material preferably decreases progressively from the outside of the rotor to the inside of the rotor. Further, the fibres on the outside of the rotor are preferably unbroken.
  • the fibres used in the fibre composite material may be carbon fibres or glass fibres. Other suitable fibre materials may, alternatively, be used.
  • a spreading device may act on the tow during winding to cause the broken fibres to spread in different directions.
  • the specific strength of the material i.e. the ratio of strength to density, gives an indication of how a composite fibre material will resist the centrifugal forces due to the weight of the composite material as the rotor rotates. Reducing the specific strength by reducing the strain range does not benefit the radial strain problem. However, reducing the specific strength whilst maintaining the overall strain range (i.e. reducing the modulus of the material) , does benefit the radial strain distribution.
  • the modulus of a fibre composite material in a multi- ply-lay-up is determined by the angle of the fibres (or filaments) relative to the direction of the applied force and the number of fibres.
  • an apparatus and method for putting the present invention into practice are as follows. Firstly, a guide is provided to position a tow of carbon or glass fibres accurately in the apparatus. Means are provided for applying a resin, such as an epoxy resin, to the fibre tow.
  • a blade or chopping element is then provided for chopping the tow at regular intervals defined by a metering or regulating device which regulates the frequency of the chopping operations during winding.
  • a metering or regulating device which regulates the frequency of the chopping operations during winding.
  • the tow is applied to a mandrel or other support which is steadily rotated to receive the fibres in a chosen fashion of helical and hoop windings.
  • a spreading device bears up against the tow.
  • the uncut fibres of the tow lie in the winding direction, the cut fibres of the tow will be re-aligned by the spreading device to lie in a random manner, some ends of the cut fibres being perpendicular to the uncut fibres.
  • the modulus of the fibre composite material will be dependent upon the number and frequency of the chopped fibres wound onto the rotor.
  • the metering or regulating element needs only to be controlled to provide a winding, and hence a rotor, having exactly the desired modulus.
  • An improved rotor can, therefore, be produced.
  • the inner layer provided on the mandrel will include tows that are chopped at frequent intervals to produce a "matted" lay of fibres with many fibres oriented randomly in the resin matrix. This will produce a fibre composite material having a very low modulus.
  • the chopping intervals are gradually reduced until the outer layers of the rotor are reached, where no chopping of tows is undertaken and the tows are laid undamaged onto the rotor. These outer layers will provide the rotor with a significant degree of strength.
  • the resulting rotor is arranged to have a substantially constant radial strain loading across the thickness of the rotor wall during running of the rotor at high speed. As a result, no layer separation will occur.
  • the rotor radial strength is also greatly improved by the random layering of fibres in the inner region.
  • the energy storage and conversion device comprises a stator mounted within • a cylindrical rotor, the stator being energised to drive the rotor about the stator to store energy as kinetic energy of the rotor, and the stator and rotor in combination being able to act as a generator to release energy from the rotor via the stator as electrical energy.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un rotor fabriqué avec un matériau composite renforcé par des fibres dans lequel le module dudit matériau décroît progressivement de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du rotor. Plus précisément, ce module décroît en fonction de l'augmentation du nombre de fibres cassées dans un câble constitué de ce matériau, si bien qu'il est possible, en cours de fabrication, d'agir sur la contrainte radiale s'exerçant sur un rotor constitué de ce matériau afin d'améliorer ses caractéristiques de fonctionnement, notamment s'il doit être utilisé dans un dispositif d'accumulation et de conversion de l'énergie.
EP96900644A 1995-01-25 1996-01-23 Rotors Ceased EP0804695A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9501443 1995-01-25
GB9501443A GB2297371A (en) 1995-01-25 1995-01-25 Rotors
PCT/GB1996/000131 WO1996023146A1 (fr) 1995-01-25 1996-01-23 Rotors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804695A1 true EP0804695A1 (fr) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=10768541

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96900644A Ceased EP0804695A1 (fr) 1995-01-25 1996-01-23 Rotors

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0804695A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10512944A (fr)
AU (1) AU4454896A (fr)
BR (1) BR9606937A (fr)
CA (1) CA2211805A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI972860A (fr)
GB (1) GB2297371A (fr)
NO (1) NO973436L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ298860A (fr)
PL (1) PL321318A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996023146A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7080573B2 (en) * 2000-10-20 2006-07-25 Toray Composites (America), Inc. Hybrid composite flywheel rim and its manufacturing method
US6852401B2 (en) * 2001-09-13 2005-02-08 Beacon Power Corporation Composite flywheel rim with co-mingled fiber layers and methods for manufacturing same
US11578780B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2023-02-14 Spencer Composites Corporation High speed flywheel

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS523663A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-01-12 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of preparation of formed product by filament winding
JPS523662A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-01-12 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of filament winding
US4198878A (en) * 1977-10-03 1980-04-22 Lord Corporation Rotary energy storage device
US4370899A (en) * 1978-09-13 1983-02-01 U.S. Flywheels, Inc. Flywheel for kinetic energy storage
US4285251A (en) * 1978-09-13 1981-08-25 U.S. Flywheels, Inc. Rim for use in flywheels for kinetic energy storage
US4266442A (en) * 1979-04-25 1981-05-12 General Electric Company Flywheel including a cross-ply composite core and a relatively thick composite rim
US4660435A (en) * 1981-05-26 1987-04-28 Rockwell International Corporation Fiber composite flywheel rim
US5285699A (en) * 1988-12-07 1994-02-15 Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System Reinforced composite flywheels and shafts
DE4100816C1 (fr) * 1991-01-14 1992-07-09 Uranit Gmbh, 5170 Juelich, De
FR2707552B1 (fr) * 1993-06-30 1995-10-13 Aerospatiale Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite composée, d'un corps central et d'ailerons et corps de missile ainsi obtenu.
GB9313943D0 (en) * 1993-07-06 1993-08-18 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Rotors

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9623146A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL321318A1 (en) 1997-12-08
GB9501443D0 (en) 1995-03-15
FI972860A0 (fi) 1997-07-04
CA2211805A1 (fr) 1996-08-01
NO973436D0 (no) 1997-07-25
NO973436L (no) 1997-07-25
NZ298860A (en) 1997-11-24
GB2297371A (en) 1996-07-31
FI972860A (fi) 1997-07-24
JPH10512944A (ja) 1998-12-08
WO1996023146A1 (fr) 1996-08-01
BR9606937A (pt) 1997-11-11
AU4454896A (en) 1996-08-14

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