EP0803878B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803878B1
EP0803878B1 EP97400862A EP97400862A EP0803878B1 EP 0803878 B1 EP0803878 B1 EP 0803878B1 EP 97400862 A EP97400862 A EP 97400862A EP 97400862 A EP97400862 A EP 97400862A EP 0803878 B1 EP0803878 B1 EP 0803878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
sheath
die
passage
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97400862A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0803878A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Clouet
François Vaille
Jean-Jacques Maisseu
Alain Vernanchet
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Nexans France SAS
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Nexans France SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/142—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion of cellular material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/143—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion with a special opening of the extrusion head
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/148—Selection of the insulating material therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing a ventilated sheath of insulating material around a conductor. It relates more particularly, but not limited to, the manufacture of dielectric sheaths coaxial cable intermediates.
  • coaxial cables generally include a central conductor (solid or stranded) surrounded by an intermediate sheath an insulating dielectric material, itself surrounded by a protected external conductor by an external protective sheath.
  • the intermediate dielectric sheath must have specific dielectric properties in order to obtain the characteristics for the cable required attenuation, especially at high frequencies. More specifically, we generally requests that this sheath have a dielectric constant of less than 1.8 approximately, and as close as possible to 1. The closer the dielectric constant is to 1, the more the cable can be used at high frequencies.
  • Insulating materials conventionally used in cables do not have such dielectric constants when used in massive form. Their constants dielectrics are generally close to 2. This is particularly the case for polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To lower this dielectric constant, it is known to use these materials to form cellular or aerated sheaths.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the cell sheaths are those into which are introduced, during the processing (generally by extrusion) of the insulating material in the form of a sheath and the more often by the effect of a chemical reaction, a plurality of bubbles filled with air or of a gas with a dielectric constant close to 1. This type of sheath is not concerned by the present invention.
  • the ventilated sheaths are those having longitudinally extending cells (in a straight line or in helix) along the cable and separated from each other by radial walls, the cells being obtained by shaping the insulating material used, which is in this massive case, using an extrusion device having for this purpose the openings and adequate passages. These cells are fully closed, so that the sheath intermediate is cylindrical or polygonal and its cross section has substantially the shape of a spoke wheel.
  • the shaped material suddenly passes from the guide to the conductor, which makes it undergo a significant variation in diameter which can cause cracks longitudinal in the sheath formed.
  • a first aim of the present invention is therefore to develop a method manufacturing a ventilated sheath around a conductor which allows to do without the use of overpressure in the alveoli.
  • Another object of the present invention is to develop such a method which does not entail risks of cracking of the formed sheath.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the sheath insulating intermediate of a small diameter coaxial cable on an intermediate sheath (less than 5 mm) and low dielectric constant (less than 1.7), which could not to be obtained so far.
  • the device for implementing the method described in the patent US-3,771,934 includes a guide having an inner longitudinal channel intended for passage of the central conductor of the cable, and a coaxial die to the guide, surrounding this last and defining with the outer surface of the guide a passage for the material insulating in a viscous state, the shape of the sheath being obtained by means of openings practiced in the guide itself, so that the shape of the cross section of the intermediate sheath obtained is substantially identical to that of the openings of the guide associated with that of the passage defined between the die and the guide.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide a setting device using the above method for manufacturing cables having both a small diameter on an intermediate sheath and a low dielectric constant.
  • the sector comprises a plurality of identical and arranged openings symmetrically around its longitudinal axis, the cross section of each of these openings having substantially the shape of a T whose horizontal bar is curved around the longitudinal axis, the horizontal curved bars of the T all belonging to the same cylinder and the extensions of their vertical bars crossing on the axis longitudinal.
  • the method and the device according to the invention have for the first time made it possible to make such a cable.
  • FIG. 2 shows an extrusion device 1 according to the invention, making it possible to fabricate the intermediate sheath 5 of the cable 10 of FIG. 1.
  • This device comprises a guide 2 and a sector 3.
  • Guide 2 is provided with a cylindrical inner channel 20 around the axis longitudinal Y of the guide. This channel 20 allows the passage of the conductor 4.
  • the guide 2 comprises a substantially cylindrical part 21 extended by a frustoconical part 22 whose base of smaller diameter has a diameter equal to that of the cylindrical part 21.
  • the die 3 surrounds the guide 2 and is coaxial with it. Its outer surface is cylindrical, while its inner surface 30 has a cylindrical part 31 extended by a frustoconical part 32.
  • the internal surface 30 of the die 3 defines with the guide 2 a cylindrical passage 34 for the insulating material 35 intended for constitute the intermediate sheath 5. This insulating material 35 comes from the angle head (not shown) of the extrusion device, located downstream of the die-guide assembly.
  • Openings (not shown in Figure 2) communicating with the passage 34 are made in the cylindrical part 31 of the die 3 to give the insulating material 35 the desired shape so that the sheath 5 has a cross section in the shape of a spoke wheel. These openings could also be made in the guide 2, but we will see later why it is preferable that they be practiced in sector 3.
  • the insulating intermediate sheath 5 around the conductor 4 we do scroll the latter inside channel 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow F on the Figure 2, that is to say in the direction of reduction of diameter of the frustoconical parts 21 and 31 of guide 2 and of chain 3 respectively.
  • the material is introduced insulator 35 in the viscous state under pressure, so that it fills the passage 34 as well as the openings of the die 3.
  • the material thus formed does not come into contact with the conductor 4 immediately at exit 37 of die 3 (in the direction of arrow F), but at a non-zero distance from this exit 37, so that it undergoes a stretch before to be applied to conductor 4. It is this stretching which prevents the walls 53 and 54 of the cells 52 do not collapse while the material constituting them is still viscous, without the need, as in the prior art, to introduce an overpressure in alveoli 52.
  • the distance between the outlet 37 of the die 3 and the contact zone between the sheath formed and the conductor 4 is a function of the desired stretch rate. For a rate given stretch, it is fixed as a function of the running speed of the conductor 4. As an indication, it can vary between 2 times and 20 times the internal diameter of the die 3.
  • the distance between the outlet 37 of the die 3 and the point application of the sheath during training on the conductor 4 must be such that the stretch ratio is at least 25.
  • DDR D 2 F - D 2 G D 2 f - D 2 g , where D F is the outside diameter of the die openings 3, D G is the outside diameter of the cylindrical part 21 of the guide 2, D f is the outside diameter of the sheath 5 and D g the outside diameter of the tubular part 51 sheath 5.
  • the cross section of the intermediate sheath obtained is necessarily less than that of the empty parts defined by the openings of passage of the material in the viscous state, and homothetic to the latter.
  • FIG 4 There is shown in Figure 4 the cross section of the guide 2 and a die 3 ' according to the invention.
  • the four openings 38 'of this die 3' pass through it longitudinally right through at its cylindrical part 31 and communicate with passage 34.
  • the openings 38 ′ each have substantially the shape of a T whose the horizontal bar 39 'is curved around the Y axis. They all belong to a same cylinder of axis Y.
  • the vertical bars 40 'of the T communicate with the passage 34 and their extensions cross on the Y axis.
  • the diameter at the top of the curved horizontal parts 39 ' is 8 mm, and their diameter at the base is 6.4 mm, so that they have a thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • the die 3 makes it possible to obtain the intermediate sheath 5' shown in FIG. 3, when the stretch ratio is 235.
  • the parts of the sheath 5 'coming from the horizontal bars of the T 39' came into contact with each other others to form the substantially cylindrical outer tubular part 54 'of the sheath 5 '.
  • the cross section of the sheath 5 ' is practically identical to that of the empty parts (openings 38 'and passage 34) of the 3 ′ die, apart from the fact that the horizontal bars of the T came into contact with each other. This happens when the stretch rate is high, in practice greater than 150.
  • FIG. 6 There is shown in Figure 6 the cross section of the guide 2 and another 3 “die according to the invention.
  • the four openings 38" of this 3 “die pass through it longitudinally right through at its cylindrical part 31 and communicate with passage 34.
  • the openings 38 "each have substantially the shape of a T whose the horizontal bar 39 "is curved around the Y axis. They all belong to a same cylinder of axis Y.
  • the vertical bars 40 "of the T communicate with the passage 34 and their extensions cross on the Y axis.
  • the diameter at the top of the 39 "curved horizontal parts is 7 mm and their diameter at the base of 4.37 mm, so that they have a thickness of 1.315 mm, that is, they are much thicker than the curved horizontal parts 39 'of the openings 38' of the die of FIG. 3.
  • the die 3 "makes it possible to obtain the intermediate sheath 5" shown in the figure 5, when the stretch ratio is 32. It can be seen in FIG. 5 that not only the parts of the sheath 5 "coming from the horizontal bars of the T 39" came to the contact with each other, but also that there was interpenetration between them, to form the substantially cylindrical outer tubular part 54 "of the sheath 5". We Also observe in this figure that the cross section of the 5 "sheath is quite different from that of the empty parts (openings 38 "and passage 34) of the die 3". This occurs when the stretch rate is lower, in practice on the order of 50.
  • the air volume present in the 5 "duct is less precisely controlled, since the latter is not homothetic to the empty parts of the 3 "die.
  • This type of die, used with a lower stretch rate, is rather intended for the manufacture of sheaths medium-sized intermediates, for coaxial cables used in telecommunications.
  • an intermediate sheath with an external diameter of 1.2 mm can be obtained, having a low dielectric constant (1.56).
  • Coaxial cables obtained with the method and device of this invention have electrical characteristics that meet the requirements of generally for the applications for which they are intended. Their impedance is close to 75 ⁇ .
  • the method according to the invention allows the same type of device to be used. than those used for the extrusion of massive insulating sheaths, unlike almost machining of the die.
  • ventilated sheaths of coaxial cables can be used not only for the manufacture of ventilated sheaths of coaxial cables, but also for the manufacture of ventilated sheaths in any type of cable requiring this form of sheath, and for example in cables with pairs or quads of twisted conductors.
  • the material used to manufacture the sheath can be any type of extrudable material, and in particular of thermoplastic material, capable of undergoing stretch rates such as those necessary for the implementation of the invention. It can be in particular FEP, but also Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) or Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) ®, registered trademark by the company Du Pont de Nemours.
  • EFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF Polyvinylidenedifluoride
  • PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
  • the cells can be filled with air or any other gas allowing lower the dielectric constant of the sheath. For this, the extrusion is then carried out under an atmosphere of filling gas in the cells.
  • the geometry of the die openings can be arbitrary at the moment that it makes it possible to obtain the desired shape of sheath.
  • the sector can have an opening having a shape strictly identical to the cross section of the sheath to be manufactured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines belüfteten Mantels (5) aus einem isolierenden Material um einen Leiter (4), welcher Mantel einen längsgerichteten Durchgang (51), in dem sich der Leiter (4) befindet, und geschlossene Zellen (52), die längs verlaufen und voneinander durch radiale Wände (53) getrennt sind, aufweist, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    man extrudiert das isolierende Material (35) in viskosem Zustand und gibt ihm mithilfe von Formgebungsmitteln (2, 3) die gewünschte Form um die Zellen (52) zu formen,
    man bringt das so geformte isolierende Material auf den Leiter auf,
    man läßt das isolierende Material abkühlen, um den Mantel zu erhalten,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Material auf den Leiter mit einem solchen Abstand vom Ausgang der Formgebungsmittel aufgebracht wird, dass das Material genügend gestreckt ist und die Wände (53, 54) der Zellen (52) ohne den Gebrauch eines Überdrucks im Innern der Zellen nicht einsinken.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand derart ist, dass der Streckgrad des Materials wenigstens gleich 25 beträgt.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Material (35) ein thermoplastisches Material ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das isolierende Material (35) Ethylen- und Propylenfluorid ist.
  5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, welche umfasst:
    eine Führung (2) mit einem inneren Längskanal (20) für den Durchtritt des Leiters (4),
    ein Spritzmundstück (3), welches zur Führung (2) koaxial ist, diese letztere umgibt und mit der Außenfläche der Führung einen Durchgang (34) für das isolierende Material (35) im viskosen Zustand definiert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spritzmundstück (3) wenigstens eine mit dem Durchgang (34) kommunizierende Öffnung (38'; 38'') aufweist, in welche das Material (35) in viskosem Zustand eingebracht werden kann, wobei die Anordnung um den Durchgang (34) und die Form der Öffnung(en) (38'; 38'') so gewählt sind, dass das Material am. Ausgang des Spritzmundstücks (3) die Zellen (52) aufweist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spritzmundstück (3'; 3'') eine Vielzahl gleichartiger Öffnungen (38'; 38'') aufweist, die um seine Längsachse (Y) symmetrisch angeordnet sind, wobei der Querschnitt jeder Öffnung (38'; 38'') im wesentlichen die Form eines T hat, dessen horizontaler Balken (39'; 39'') um die Längsachse (Y) gekrümmt ist, wobei die gekrümmten horizontalen Balken der verschiedenen T einem gleichen Zylinder angehören und sich die Verlängerungen ihrer vertikalen Balken (40'; 40'') auf der Längsachse (Y) kreuzen.
  7. Koaxialkabel, welches gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 hergestellt wird, und in koaxialer Anordnung von innen nach außen umfasst:
    einen zentralen Leiter (4),
    einen isolierenden Zwischenmantel (5) aus einem dielektrischen Material mit einem Längsdurchgang (51). in dem sich der Leiter (4) befindet, und geschlossene Zellen (52), die längs verlaufen und voneinander durch radiale Wände (53) getrennt sind;
    einen äußeren Leiter (6),
    einen äußeren Schutzmantel (7),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daas der Außendurchmesser des Zwi-. schenmantels (5) kleiner als 5 mm ist, und dass seine Dielektrizitätskonstante kleiner als 1,7 ist.
EP97400862A 1996-04-23 1997-04-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel Expired - Lifetime EP0803878B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9605101A FR2747832B1 (fr) 1996-04-23 1996-04-23 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une gaine aeree en un materiau isolant autour d'un conducteur, et cable coaxial muni d'une telle gaine
FR9605101 1996-04-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803878A1 EP0803878A1 (de) 1997-10-29
EP0803878B1 true EP0803878B1 (de) 2001-11-28

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Country Status (8)

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US (1) US5922155A (de)
EP (1) EP0803878B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4545834B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100476614B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69708496T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0803878T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2747832B1 (de)
NO (1) NO311198B1 (de)

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FR2475238A1 (fr) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-07 Lyonnaise Transmiss Optiques Cable a fibres optiques, etanche a l'eau, et procede et dispositif de fabrication de ce cable
JPS57124315A (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-03 Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The Insulation wire for optical composite distribution line
NL8700680A (nl) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-17 Nkf Kabel Bv Samenstel van ten minste een elektrische geleider met een elektrisch geleidende mantel en tussen deze geleider en de mantel gelegen isolatie.
JPH0743870Y2 (ja) * 1989-07-26 1995-10-09 日立電線株式会社 同軸ケーブル
JPH0935543A (ja) * 1995-07-14 1997-02-07 Kaneko Code Kk ケーブル

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065154A2 (de) 2007-11-29 2009-06-03 Nexans Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Form aus geschäumten Polyetrafluorethylen
EP2065156A1 (de) 2007-11-29 2009-06-03 Nexans Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Formkörpers aus geschäumten Polytetrafluorethylen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO971828L (no) 1997-10-24
DE69708496D1 (de) 2002-01-10
US5922155A (en) 1999-07-13
FR2747832B1 (fr) 1998-05-22
EP0803878A1 (de) 1997-10-29
FR2747832A1 (fr) 1997-10-24
KR100476614B1 (ko) 2005-07-11
NO971828D0 (no) 1997-04-21
DE69708496T2 (de) 2002-07-25
KR970069303A (ko) 1997-11-07
DK0803878T3 (da) 2002-04-02
JP4545834B2 (ja) 2010-09-15
JPH10116527A (ja) 1998-05-06
NO311198B1 (no) 2001-10-22

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