EP0803878A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803878A1
EP0803878A1 EP97400862A EP97400862A EP0803878A1 EP 0803878 A1 EP0803878 A1 EP 0803878A1 EP 97400862 A EP97400862 A EP 97400862A EP 97400862 A EP97400862 A EP 97400862A EP 0803878 A1 EP0803878 A1 EP 0803878A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
sheath
insulating material
die
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97400862A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0803878B1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Clouet
François Vaille
Jean-Jacques Maisseu
Alain Vernanchet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans France SAS
Original Assignee
Filotex SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Filotex SA filed Critical Filotex SA
Publication of EP0803878A1 publication Critical patent/EP0803878A1/de
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Publication of EP0803878B1 publication Critical patent/EP0803878B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/142—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion of cellular material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/143—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion with a special opening of the extrusion head
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/148—Selection of the insulating material therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing a ventilated sheath made of an insulating material around a conductor. It relates more particularly, but not limited to, the manufacture of intermediate dielectric sheaths of coaxial cables.
  • coaxial cables generally comprise a central conductor (solid or stranded) surrounded by an intermediate sheath made of an insulating dielectric material, itself surrounded by an outer conductor protected by an outer sheath of protection.
  • the intermediate dielectric sheath must have specific dielectric properties in order to obtain the required attenuation characteristics for the cable, in particular at high frequencies. More specifically, it is generally requested that this sheath have a dielectric constant of less than about 1.8, and as close as possible to 1. The closer the dielectric constant is to 1, the more the cable can be used at high frequencies.
  • the insulating materials conventionally used in cables do not have such dielectric constants when they are used in massive form. Their dielectric constants are generally close to 2. This is particularly the case for polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To lower this dielectric constant, it is known to use these materials to form cellular or aerated sheaths.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Cellular sheaths are those into which are introduced, during the processing (generally by extrusion) of the insulating material in the form of a sheath and most often by the effect of a chemical reaction, a plurality of bubbles filled with air. or a gas with a dielectric constant close to 1. This type of sheath is not concerned with the present invention.
  • the ventilated sheaths are those having cells extending longitudinally (in a straight line or in a helix) along the cable and separated from each other by radial walls, the cells being obtained by placing in the form of the insulating material used, which in this case is massive, using an extrusion device having for this purpose the appropriate openings and passages. These cells are fully closed, so that the intermediate sheath is cylindrical or polygonal and that its cross section has substantially the shape of a spoke wheel.
  • the material formed by extrusion is applied to the central conductor immediately at the outlet of the forming means. Therefore, in order to avoid sagging of the very thin upper walls (those intended to come into contact with the outer conductor of the cable) of the formed cells, to introduce an overpressure inside the latter at the during manufacturing. This makes manufacturing complex.
  • the shaped material suddenly passes from the guide to the conductor, which makes it undergo a significant variation in diameter which can cause longitudinal cracks in the sheath formed.
  • this method does not make it possible to manufacture coaxial cables with ventilated insulation having a low dielectric constant and a small diameter on an intermediate sheath.
  • a first object of the present invention is therefore to develop a method of manufacturing an aerated sheath around a conductor which makes it possible to dispense with the use of an overpressure in the cells.
  • Another object of the present invention is to develop such a method which does not involve the risk of cracking of the sheath formed.
  • the method according to the invention since the shaped material is not applied to the conductor immediately after the exit from the shaping means, the stretching of this material is sufficient to prevent the walls of the cells to collapse, and it is therefore no longer necessary to use an overpressure inside them.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore much simpler to implement than that of the prior art.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the insulating intermediate sheath of a coaxial cable of small diameter on intermediate sheath (less than 5 mm) and of low dielectric constant (less than 1.7), which does not could have been obtained so far.
  • the device for implementing the method described in US Pat. No. 3,771,934 comprises a guide having an inner longitudinal channel intended for the passage of the central conductor of the cable, and a die coaxial with the guide, surrounding the latter and defining with the outer surface of the guide a passage for the insulating material in the viscous state, the shape of the sheath being obtained by means of openings made in the guide itself, so that the shape of the cross section of the intermediate sheath obtained is substantially identical to that of the guide openings associated with that of the passage defined between the die and the guide.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device for implementing the above method making it possible to manufacture cables having both a small diameter on an intermediate sheath and a low dielectric constant.
  • the die comprises a plurality of identical openings and arranged symmetrically around its longitudinal axis, the cross section of each of these openings having substantially the shape of a T whose horizontal bar is curved around the longitudinal axis, the horizontal curved bars of the T all belonging to the same cylinder and the extensions of their vertical bars crossing on the longitudinal axis.
  • the method and the device according to the invention made it possible for the first time to manufacture such a cable.
  • FIG. 2 shows an extrusion device 1 according to the invention, making it possible to manufacture the intermediate sheath 5 of the cable 10 of FIG. 1.
  • This device comprises a guide 2 and a die 3.
  • the guide 2 is provided with a cylindrical inner channel 20 around the longitudinal axis Y of the guide. This channel 20 allows the conductor 4 to pass.
  • the guide 2 comprises a substantially cylindrical part 21 extended by a frustoconical part 22 whose base of smaller diameter has a diameter equal to that of the cylindrical part 21.
  • the die 3 surrounds the guide 2 and is coaxial with it. Its external surface is cylindrical, while its internal surface 30 has a cylindrical part 31 extended by a frustoconical part 32.
  • the internal surface 30 of the die 3 defines with the guide 2 a cylindrical passage 34 for the insulating material 35 intended for constitute the intermediate sheath 5. This insulating material 35 comes from the angle head (not shown) of the extrusion device, located downstream of the die-guide assembly.
  • Openings (not shown in Figure 2) communicating with the passage 34 are made in the cylindrical part 31 of the die 3 to give the insulating material 35 the desired shape so that the sheath 5 has a cross section in the shape of a spoke wheel . These openings could also be made in guide 2, but we will see later why it is preferable that they be made in die 3.
  • the latter is made to scroll inside the channel 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow F in FIG. 2, that is to say in the direction of reduction of diameter of the frustoconical parts 21 and 31 of the guide 2 and of the die 3 respectively.
  • the insulating material 35 is introduced in the viscous state under pressure, so that it fills the passage 34 as well as the openings of the die 3.
  • the material thus formed does not come into contact with the conductor 4 immediately at the outlet 37 of the die 3 (in the direction of arrow F). but at a non-zero distance from this outlet 37, so that it undergoes a stretching before being applied to the conductor 4. It is this stretching which makes it possible to prevent the walls 53 and 54 of the cells 52 from s collapse while the material constituting them is still viscous, without the need, as in the prior art, to introduce an overpressure in the cells 52.
  • the distance between the outlet 37 of the die 3 and the contact zone between the sheath formed and the conductor 4 is a function of the desired stretching rate. For a given stretching rate, it is fixed as a function of the running speed of the conductor 4. As an indication, it can vary between 2 times and 20 times the internal diameter of the die 3.
  • the distance between the outlet 37 of the die 3 and the point of application of the sheath being formed on the conductor 4 must be such that the stretching rate is at least equal to 25.
  • DDR D F 2 - D G 2 D f 2 - D g 2 , where D F is the outside diameter of the die openings 3, D G is the outside diameter of the cylindrical part 21 of the guide 2, D f is the outside diameter of the sheath 5 and D g the outside diameter of the tubular part 51 sheath 5.
  • the cross section of the intermediate sheath obtained is necessarily less than that of the empty parts defined by the openings for the passage of the material in the state viscous, and homothetic to the latter.
  • the openings are made in the die, which necessarily has a larger surface area than that of the guide, it is possible, by choosing an appropriate stretching rate, to produce an intermediate sheath having very small dimensions and a low dielectric constant, adjusting the size of the openings so that the cells have a large section.
  • FIG 4 There is shown in Figure 4 the cross section of the guide 2 and a die 3 'according to the invention.
  • the four openings 38 'of this die 3' cross it longitudinally right through at its cylindrical part 31 and communicate with the passage 34.
  • the openings 38 'each have substantially the shape of a T whose horizontal bar 39' is curved around the Y axis. They all belong to the same cylinder with a Y axis.
  • the vertical bars 40 ′ of the Ts communicate with the passage 34 and their extensions cross on the Y axis.
  • the diameter at the top of the curved horizontal parts 39 ' is 8 mm, and their diameter at the base is 6.4 mm, so that they have a thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • the die 3 ' makes it possible to obtain the intermediate sheath 5' shown in FIG. 3, when the stretching rate is 235. It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the parts of the sheath 5 'coming from the horizontal bars of the T 39 'came into contact with each other to form the substantially cylindrical outer tubular part 54' of the sheath 5 '. We also observe in this figure that the cross section of the sheath 5 'is practically identical to that of the empty parts (openings 38' and passage 34) of the die 3 ', apart from the fact that the horizontal bars of the T have come in contact with each other. This occurs when the stretching rate is high, in practice greater than 150.
  • FIG. 6 shows the cross section of the guide 2 and of another die 3 "according to the invention.
  • the four openings 38" of this die 3 pass through it longitudinally right through at its cylindrical part 31 and communicate with the passage 34.
  • the openings 38 each have substantially the shape of a T whose horizontal bar 39" is curved around the axis Y. They all belong to the same cylinder of axis Y.
  • the vertical bars 40 "T's communicate with passage 34 and their extensions cross on the Y axis.
  • the diameter at the top of the curved horizontal parts 39 " is 7 mm and their diameter at the base of 4.37 mm, so that they have a thickness of 1.315 mm, that is to say that they are much thicker than the curved horizontal parts 39 'of the openings 38' of the die of FIG. 3.
  • the die 3 makes it possible to obtain the intermediate sheath 5" shown in FIG. 5, when the stretching rate is 32. It can be seen in FIG. 5 that not only the parts of the sheath 5 "coming from the horizontal bars of the T 39 "came into contact with each other, but also that there was interpenetration between them, to form the substantially cylindrical outer tubular part 54" of the sheath 5 ". It is also observed in this figure that the cross section of the sheath 5 "is quite different from that of the empty parts (openings 38" and passage 34) of the die 3 ". This occurs when the stretching rate is lower, in practice of the order of 50.
  • the volume of air present in the duct 5 is less precisely controlled, since the latter is not homothetic to the empty parts of the die 3".
  • This type of die used with a lower stretching rate, is rather intended for the manufacture of intermediate sheaths of medium dimensions, for the coaxial cables used in telecommunications.
  • the coaxial cables obtained with the method and device of the present invention have electrical characteristics which meet the requirements generally required for the applications for which they are intended. Their impedance is close to 75 ⁇ .
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to use the same type of device as those used for the extrusion of massive insulating sheaths, with the difference close to the machining of the die.
  • ventilated sheaths of coaxial cables can be used not only for the manufacture of ventilated sheaths of coaxial cables, but also for the manufacture of ventilated sheaths in any type of cable requiring this form of sheath, and for example in cables with pairs or quads of twisted conductors.
  • the material used to manufacture the sheath can be any type of extrudable material, and in particular of thermoplastic material, capable of undergoing stretching rates such as those necessary for the implementation of the invention. It can be in particular FEP, but also Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), Polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) or even Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) ®, trademark registered by the company Du Pont de Nemours.
  • EFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF Polyvinylidenedifluoride
  • PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
  • the cells can be filled with air or any other gas allowing the dielectric constant of the sheath to be lowered. For this, the extrusion is then carried out under an atmosphere of gas filling the cells.
  • the geometry of the die openings can be any as long as it allows the desired sheath shape to be obtained.
  • the die may include an opening having a shape strictly identical to the cross section of the sheath to be manufactured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
EP97400862A 1996-04-23 1997-04-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel Expired - Lifetime EP0803878B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9605101 1996-04-23
FR9605101A FR2747832B1 (fr) 1996-04-23 1996-04-23 Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une gaine aeree en un materiau isolant autour d'un conducteur, et cable coaxial muni d'une telle gaine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803878A1 true EP0803878A1 (de) 1997-10-29
EP0803878B1 EP0803878B1 (de) 2001-11-28

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EP97400862A Expired - Lifetime EP0803878B1 (de) 1996-04-23 1997-04-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines gelüfteten Mantels aus Isoliermaterialen um einem Leiter, und Koaxialkabel mit solchem Mantel

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5922155A (de)
EP (1) EP0803878B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4545834B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100476614B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69708496T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0803878T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2747832B1 (de)
NO (1) NO311198B1 (de)

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EP1630829A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Nexans Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines zelligen Mantels um einen Leiter
EP1783787A1 (de) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-09 Nexans Lan Kabel mit Profilierter Isolation
EP1998341A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-03 Nexans Verbesserte profilierte Isolierung und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
DE102008035836A1 (de) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 AXON'CABLE Société par actions simplifiée (SAS) Koaxialkabel mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung
FR2919750A1 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-06 Axon Cable Soc Par Actions Sim Cable coaxial a faible constante dielectrique, et ses procede et outil de fabrication
US7767725B2 (en) 2007-11-29 2010-08-03 Nexans High processing temperature foaming polymer composition
CN105355335A (zh) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 浙江兆龙线缆有限公司 四头纵包模

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JP5533672B2 (ja) * 2009-05-29 2014-06-25 住友電気工業株式会社 電線の製造方法
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EP2790189B1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2016-02-03 Nexans Datenübertragungskabel für die Luftfahrtindustrie
KR20160038331A (ko) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-07 엘에스전선 주식회사 동축 케이블
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1630829A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Nexans Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines zelligen Mantels um einen Leiter
FR2874736A1 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-03 Nexans Sa Dispositif de fabrication d'une gaine alveolee autour d'un conducteur
EP1783787A1 (de) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-09 Nexans Lan Kabel mit Profilierter Isolation
EP1998341A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-03 Nexans Verbesserte profilierte Isolierung und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
DE102008035836A1 (de) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 AXON'CABLE Société par actions simplifiée (SAS) Koaxialkabel mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung
FR2919750A1 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-06 Axon Cable Soc Par Actions Sim Cable coaxial a faible constante dielectrique, et ses procede et outil de fabrication
US8007700B2 (en) 2007-08-02 2011-08-30 Axon'cable Coaxial cable of low dielectric constant, and a fabrication method and tool therefor
US7767725B2 (en) 2007-11-29 2010-08-03 Nexans High processing temperature foaming polymer composition
US8013030B2 (en) 2007-11-29 2011-09-06 Nexans Process for the production of a moulding composed of foamed polytetrafluoroethylene
CN105355335A (zh) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 浙江兆龙线缆有限公司 四头纵包模

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Publication number Publication date
JPH10116527A (ja) 1998-05-06
KR970069303A (ko) 1997-11-07
NO311198B1 (no) 2001-10-22
US5922155A (en) 1999-07-13
DK0803878T3 (da) 2002-04-02
KR100476614B1 (ko) 2005-07-11
DE69708496T2 (de) 2002-07-25
NO971828L (no) 1997-10-24
JP4545834B2 (ja) 2010-09-15
FR2747832B1 (fr) 1998-05-22
FR2747832A1 (fr) 1997-10-24
DE69708496D1 (de) 2002-01-10
EP0803878B1 (de) 2001-11-28
NO971828D0 (no) 1997-04-21

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