Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
  • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
  • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood

Definitions

• the invention relates to a building structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
• DE-A1-31 28 376 describes a module building structure in which the flush joining of the individual modules is to be simplified in that the vertical corner posts of the individual modules are attached to the base frame of the module in such a way that they are around a certain one Amount pivotable about these fasteners.
• a similar problem is based on DE-A1- 42 39 057, in which, by means of specially designed corner posts of an individual module, an additional individual module to be placed upwards can be securely positioned. Each floor level is initially stabilized in itself, and the individual modules are anchored to one another both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction.
• DE-A1-42 37 326 describes an arrangement of a plurality of room cells which comprise corridor elements, so that when the room cells are arranged in a row, corridors and connecting passages result which, if appropriate, are also accessed or expanded via stairways or exits and entrances can be.
• WO 91/06720 discloses a building structure that is assembled on site from individual, prefabricated, floor, ceiling and wall elements comprising room cells, with the individual room cells, a space provided for the reception of supply lines, chimneys or electrical line ducts is maintained, and insulation material can also be introduced therein.
• a similar building structure is described in DE-A1-29 26 969, in which building cells in the form of Hoh parallelepipeds are joined together. Special wall shapes allow the installation of insulation or the installation of installation cables.
• EP-A2-134 893 describes a system construction in which two-dimensional structural elements can be arranged on a three-dimensional structural element with two levels. Connection devices allow the attachment of plate-shaped wall, floor and / or roof elements to the central structure and also the connection of the elements to one another.
• the basic structure and U-shaped support elements are provided on a foundation structure, in the interstices of which installations of any type can be laid.
• the building module disclosed in CH-A-597 456 consists of a room scaffold that can only be assembled at the construction site, where no special tools and no connectors such as screw nails or rivets are required. Specially shaped beams with channel profiles are joined together to form a prismatic basic structure, with floor, wall and ceiling panels inserted.
• CH-A5-612 235 describes a carrying unit with a rigid, horizontal floor construction and with a flexible, vertical support structure for accommodating prefabricated, three-dimensional spatial cells.
• a building construction can be found in CH-A5-635 641, which can be used to insert wall, floor and ceiling panels with reinforcing ribs using screw connections.
• These building structures correspond to the need for greater flexibility with regard to planning conditions with an inexpensive design, since modules that can be prefabricated are used away from the building site.
• these modules can be complete room cells, as described for example in DE-A1-42 37 326, WO 91/06720, DE-A1-29 26 969 or CH-A5-612 235, or parts of such room cells as described in DE-A1-31 28 376, DE-A1-42 39 057, EP-A2-134 893, CH-A-597 456, or CH-A5-635 641.
• Building structures that can be achieved with modules of this type are characterized by great adaptability to given spatial planning requirements, such as compacted buildings, and, on the other hand, are cost-effective and can be tailored to the financial possibilities of the building owners.
• the present invention has the object of providing a building structure whose basic structure - the so-called primary structure - has the known flexibility and practicability of prefabrication in module form, but the residents and users even after completion of the construction, it is possible to change the size of the living space and / or the height of the living space within this primary structure - possibly due to changing living or usage needs or due to improved financial possibilities.
• the solution to this problem is given by the realization of the characteristics of claim 1.
• Advantageous or alternative designs are described by the characteristics of the dependent claims.
• the intermediate deck can be changed with respect to the height and the surface area even after completion of the building structure.
• the stands which are optionally firmly anchored in the floor and / or ceiling element of the primary structure, have connecting elements to which or via which the pliers carrying the false ceiling can be detachably attached. If these connection elements are provided on the stands at uniform intervals, then it is possible to adjust the pliers and thus the false ceiling in a problem-free manner, especially in connection with equally spaced connectors on the wall elements for the pliers.
• connection elements can be of various shapes and modes of operation, such as brackets or recesses on the stands or bores in the stands.
• a building structure according to the invention is supplemented by a second support system to be assigned to the primary structure, the structure and function of which correspond to the first support system of the secondary structure is.
• This provides an individual, possibly adapted to the expansion within the primary structure, expansion possibility of building icons, winter gardens, outside stairs, canopies and sunroofs and the like.
• Architectural specifications such as dense development with personal design of living areas, connection of living and working structures or delimitation of individual and common areas are also possible.
• primary structures which can be of different sizes and are designed in such a way to suit different needs, are designed so that their basic dimensions are selected accordingly, they can be combined in any way and arranged, for example, one above the other or next to one another (taking into account the static conditions), for which purpose a consistently uniform concept of arranging and dimensioning the openings in the primary structure, such as windows or doors, or the installation and chimney shafts, should preferably be provided.
• FIG. 1 shows a section through a primary structure with a secondary structure and a second support system with construction icons; 2 shows a plan view of a secondary structure corresponding to FIG. 1; 3a shows a partial section corresponding to Figure 1;
• 3b shows a detail section through a finished false ceiling
• 4a shows a detailed view of a possible fastening of the tong / beam stand
• 4b shows a longitudinal section through an arrangement accordingly
• 5a shows a detailed view of an arrangement of pliers / beam supports; 5b shows a longitudinal section through an arrangement accordingly
• FIG. 6a shows a detailed view of a possible fastening of the tong / beam wall element
• FIG. 7 shows a section through a building structure with four primary structures, with two second support systems receiving balconies and a further, second support system connecting two primary structures each.
• the primary structure 1 and 2 show a primary structure 1 with a floor element 2, a ceiling element 3 and wall elements.
• the primary structure 1 has a clear height which corresponds to at least one height suitable for the installation of two living levels. Openings for windows 18 and doors 19 are provided in the wall elements 4.
• This primary structure 1 can be designed as a prefabricated basic module and, in order to allow all planning freedom, has basic dimensions which are determined by the standard structural dimensions. The possible combinations of the primary structures are guaranteed or expanded by standardizing the shapes and positioning the openings in the wall elements 4.
• Ceiling element 3 and preferably also that
• Floor elements Large-area element slabs n Reinforced concrete designed to leave sufficient space inside the primary structure 1 for possible uses. Ceiling or floor elements could, however, as shown below, correspond to the structure of the false ceiling 5a, but then firmly connected to the wall elements, as pliers and beam layers arranged between the stands 6 provided for the secondary structure 5.
• a concrete belt strap 37 gt 2 provided at standard storey height ensures the static stability of the primary structure 1. This is particularly important when primary structures with a large base area and / or great heights are provided.
• Primary structures, which are intended for the accommodation of secondary structures, which make it possible, if necessary, to arrange two false ceilings one above the other, will accordingly preferably have two such stabilizing ring belts.
• a secondary structure 5 Arranged in the interior of the primary structure 1 is a secondary structure 5 which has stands 6 and tongs 7.
• the stands 6 are provided between the floor 2 and ceiling element 3, either simply clamped in with clamping wedges as a counterpart, or firmly anchored, for example m clamp-like holders fastened in the ceiling or floor element.
• these stands 6 are preferably designed as steel or steel tube supports, but suitably dimensioned wooden posts are also possible.
• the pliers 7, which are preferably designed as double pliers 7a, 7b (FIG. 2), are fastened to the stands 6 via connectors 8a, 8b (FIG. 4b).
• connectors can be threaded bolts with locking rims, the threaded bolts being inserted into pliers 7 and stands 6 through corresponding recesses 38 (FIG. 4 a).
• Cross wedge connections are also conceivable, which are determined as such by the weight of the pliers layer or by the weight of the false ceiling.
• Another, possibly additional, possibility of fixing the pliers on the stands is to place the pliers on the projections designed in a console-like manner on the stands.
• the pliers 7 extend from one wall element 4 to the opposite wall element 4 and are fixed to the two wall elements, but not in these. There is therefore no transmission of force between the secondary structure and the wall elements via this connection.
• supports 27 can be provided, on which the tongs 7 are placed, the supports 27 possibly even consisting of individual sections 127, which are laid on top of one another - determined solely by the weight of the pliers / beam construction lying above them or fixed to one another by adhesive - give the desired height, or to which such sections 127 are placed or glued in accordance with this height.
• the floor and ceiling element clamped stands assigned to the wall element which are then designed in accordance with the stands 6 freely arranged in the primary structure 1 and to which the pliers 7 can be fastened in the manner described above.
• the pliers 7 can, however, also be connected via connecting elements n in the form of edge strips 20 (FIG. 3a) attached to the wall elements, or in the form of angles 8c (FIG. 6a, 6b) on which the pliers 7 are seated, on which the pliers 7 are seated Wall elements 4 can be set. It is obvious that the choice of connectors to be used will depend on the material of the components as well as on the architectural specifications and the customer's wishes.
• the positions of the uprights 6 to be provided in the interior of the primary structure 1 are essentially determined on the basis of the specified internal dimensions, there is the possibility of changing the height of the false ceiling 5a - even after completion of the construction - without interventions in the primary structure 1 to undertake.
• the tongs 7, which together with the stands 6 determine the basic supporting structure are not fixed to the wall elements 4, but rather to them, and therefore no force transmission takes place, in which case this would be impossible.
• the connecting devices are provided at the desired height and the pliers 7 are thus set at a certain height.
• This basic supporting structure which is essentially only predefined by the position of the uprights 6, this position being determined by the inner mass of the primary structure 1, is covered with a layer of beams 9 which form the Determine the living space desired by the client on the upper floor.
• the arrangement shown in Fig.2 gives a kind of gallery.
• the space required for a staircase 21 in the false ceiling 5a can also be selected as desired, as can be seen from FIG.
• the staircase could also be provided as a spiral staircase, wherein one of the columns 6 can act as a central column.
• the ceiling structure for the intermediate ceiling area provided as the area of use is then applied to the beam layer, one possibility for this is shown in FIG. 3b.
• a thin, sound-insulating intermediate layer 22, for example a light fiber fleece, is arranged on the beam 9.
• Chipboard 23 cover the beam position.
• a layer of impact sound insulation 24, a layer of glued, floating wooden chipboard 25 and finally the desired floor covering 26 are arranged.
• very simple designs of the usage surface of the false ceiling 5a are also possible.
• a simple plank or plate covering can be applied to the beam layer.
• the height of the floor structure is ⁇ the false ceiling to match the stairs or, if necessary, to adapt them to the desired expansion.
• installation or supply shafts 11 and chimney shafts 12 are arranged on the outside of the primary structure 1. In this way, the interior of the primary structure 1 remains free for the possible changes.
• the position of wet rooms, be it on the lower or also on the upper floor is essentially determined.
• the electrical lines are routed in a ring line 13 laid in the wall elements 4, branch lines being able to be provided in the floor 2 or ceiling element 3, with which, if necessary, ceiling burning points can be fixed in the ceiling element.
• FIGS. 4a and 4b show one way in which the pliers 7 - here a pair of double pliers 7a, 7b - can be attached to the stand 6 at different heights in a manner which is simple to accomplish.
• Figures 5a, 5b and 6a, 6b show two variants of fixing the pliers 7 on the wall elements 4, the freedom of movement of the height adjustment of the false ceiling being maintained.
• 5a and 5b show supports 27 with sections 127 attached or glued on, the dimensions preferably also corresponding to the height of the tongs, while in the variant according to FIGS. 6a and 6b angles 8c are attached to the wall elements 4, on the narrow ones Leg 8c1 the pliers come to rest.
• Bolt screws 8a1 are inserted through pliers 7 and brackets 8c, m
• a second support system 14 can be provided on the outside of the primary structure 1, which enables the construction of building icons, terraces, old-style porches or even winter gardens. As can be seen from FIG. 7, it can also function as a connection system between several primary structures, for example as a stairwell with intermediate corridors.
• Beams 16a are arranged on the outside of the wall elements 4 of the primary structure 1, parallel to this are further beams 16b which, as can also be seen in FIG. 7, are constructed independently of the primary structure 1, preferably on one with anchored to the primary structure common foundation or, if necessary, independently founded.
• Balcony tongs 17 are attached to the supports 16a and 16b m above for the first support system of the secondary structure 5, so that here too there is no direct force transmission between wall elements 4 and balcony tongs 17.
• the bay Konzangen 17 are attached directly to the outside of the wall elements 4, without the need for supports 16a on the outside. It goes without saying that, for purely static reasons, it is generally preferable to fasten using beams, but depending on the size of the stems and the intended use, a connection is also only possible via connectors 8a, 8b, 8c (Fig. 4b, 6a), edge strips 20 (Fig.3a) or supports 27 (Fig.5a) with attached sections possible. If necessary, supports 16b could be provided instead of the supports 16b arranged parallel to the wall elements 4, similar to the supports 27.
• a position of floor beams 28 covers the balcony tongs 17, a balcony parapet 28 surrounds the respective balcony elements.
• a canopy 30 can be arranged on the supports 16a over a supporting structure 31 m in any height.
• a narrow canopy 32 can also be provided above an entrance door, or a sun or weather protection roof above window strips. Since all support structures in the same way offer the possibility of connection in different heights coordinated with one another, such additional components can be provided at the wall elements or on the supports by connectors provided on the wall elements or on the supports or stands or stands are attached.
• FIG. 7 shows a more complex building structure which comprises four primary structures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, two such primary structures being arranged one above the other.
• Ceiling element 2 of the lower primary structure is here also floor element 3 of the upper primary structure.
• the two components, each comprising two primary structures, are connected to one another via a common staircase 33, which enables access to the two upper primary structures that can be used asttleette apartments.
• the basic structure of this staircase 33 is also provided as an independent supporting structure here, too, since separate entrances may be provided in the upper levels of the individual living units or also interior galleries, or may be retrofitted later.
• Carriers 16a on the outer sides of the wall elements 4 can hold pliers arranged between the wall elements of the two components in the intended or desired height, which can then serve as a base for beam layers and thus form stair landings or circumferential inner galleries.
• a central aisle lock with side grate platforms is an option, a training variant that is favorable in terms of lighting and ventilation.
• the staircase 33 is - in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 - covered at the top with its own saddle roof 34, the two components are covered by flat-pitched pent roofs 35. Adequate ventilation of the staircase 33 is provided via ventilation openings 36.
• Each of the four primary structures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d is designed differently in its interior.
• the positioning of the stairs between the lower and upper floors results in a differentiated use of the space, the design of the false ceilings 5aa, 5ab, 5ac, 5ad with or without pedestals and gradations is individually different.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 1994
  • 1994-12-12 CH CH03754/94A patent/CH687089A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-12-08 EP EP95942080A patent/EP0797710B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-08 AT AT95942080T patent/ATE169361T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-12-08 AU AU43408/96A patent/AU4340896A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-12-08 DK DK95942080T patent/DK0797710T3/da active
  • 1995-12-08 WO PCT/EP1995/004839 patent/WO1996018775A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-12-08 DE DE59503095T patent/DE59503095D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-12-08 ES ES95942080T patent/ES2122711T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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