EP0772852B1 - Optischer rauchmelder - Google Patents

Optischer rauchmelder Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0772852B1
EP0772852B1 EP95926440A EP95926440A EP0772852B1 EP 0772852 B1 EP0772852 B1 EP 0772852B1 EP 95926440 A EP95926440 A EP 95926440A EP 95926440 A EP95926440 A EP 95926440A EP 0772852 B1 EP0772852 B1 EP 0772852B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulses
frequency
emitted
detector
microprocessor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95926440A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0772852A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Lewiner
Eugène Smycz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ORWIN
Original Assignee
Orwin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orwin filed Critical Orwin
Publication of EP0772852A1 publication Critical patent/EP0772852A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0772852B1 publication Critical patent/EP0772852B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke

Definitions

  • the duration of such a security check may reach the half a minute or more, which is prohibitive.
  • the invention aims, above all, to remove this disadvantage while benefiting from the great savings due to the formation of the light brush used for the detection using short spaced pulses in the time.
  • smoke detection devices of the kind in question according to the invention still include means for forming the incident light brush of control using current pulses also spaced out in time, and they're basically characterized in that they further comprise means to automatically increase the transmission frequency said impulses from the first manifestation of a detection representative of a threshold being exceeded predetermined by the density of the smoke to be controlled, the possible triggering of an alarm being then commanded according to the signals produced by the detector in response to several of the successive pulses sent to the increased frequency, said means then being at again neutralized if examination of said signals reveals a back to normal and only in this case.
  • the invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
  • FIG. 1 of this drawing shows very schematically the component, an established detection device according to the invention, in which the detection is carried out optics proper.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the assembly of the detection device according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows in more detail a other component of this device, namely its circuit pulse frequency control bright.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing each appear, on the one hand at the top, the impulses incident light and, on the other hand at the bottom, the signals detector response for three situations respectively different.
  • the detector comprises a housing 1 mounted on a base 2 and pierced with windows 3 able to give way to smoke F to be checked.
  • These windows 3 are associated with baffles (not shown) to prohibit the maximum introductions of light into the housing and so form inside this case a dark room.
  • the housing contains a clean light source L to emit a light brush P in the dark room, and a detector D placed in a shadow area of this room opposite the source L.
  • the box contains smoke
  • the X particles making up this smoke constitute small mirrors suitable for reflecting light: some rays thus reflected reach detector D and the intensity of the latter's response is all the more high that the density of the smoke considered is itself higher.
  • the incident light brush P is not emitted continuously, but in the form of pulses I ( Figure 4) whose durations t are relatively small, especially of the order of 100 microseconds at 1 millisecond, the periods T which elapse between the successive I pulses being themselves relatively long, and in particular of the order of 5 to 10 seconds.
  • each overshoot should be threshold detected on the basis of a light pulse incident be confirmed on several subsequent pulses and such a check may turn out to be too long in practice: saving a minute or even half a minute, can be extremely valuable to extinguish the start of a fire.
  • the invention makes it possible to benefit from both considerable savings due to light emission under the form of brief pulses repeated at a rhythm relatively slow and the security of a response delivered only after a multiple verification, while limiting to a very small duration, which may be of the order of the second, getting that answer.
  • one increases automatically transmit pulse frequency bright as soon as an abnormal threshold crossing has been detected on the basis of an incident pulse sent to the normal low frequency.
  • the light source L Normally, i.e. in the absence of smoke F in the housing 1, the light source L emits light pulses I spaced by identical periods T and relatively long ( Figure 4) which are generated by chronic automatic discharges from capacitor C, which is gradually loaded continuously by the power source 8.
  • the microprocessor immediately delivers on its outputs 15, 16 an order of increase in the frequency of emission of the light pulses, this frequency being for example multiplied by a coefficient of the order of 10.
  • Each of the subsequent pulses I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ... which then succeed at an accelerated frequency the incident pulse I 0 corresponds to a voltage response V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ...
  • the microprocessor 5 develops instructions to return the switch 14 in its initial standby position.
  • this is a confirmation of the danger initially detected and the microprocessor is arranged so as to excite an alarm of any desirable nature, especially sound.
  • the direction of the evolution of the successive values above can be determined by calculating a derivative in the microprocessor.
  • the decision to trigger the alarm or to return to the standby state is postponed until a change in the controlled amplitudes of the responses V n is detected in one or the other direction.
  • the alarm is automatically triggered after a minimum duration T a which can itself have a value all the greater as the difference between the constant value of the response pulses V n and the threshold S is smaller.
  • the incident pulses I ' 1 , I' 2 ... are given values which are themselves increasing: experience indeed shows that the resulting variation in the amplitudes of the corresponding response signals V ' 1 , V' 2 ... is greater than the variation of the amplitudes of the incident pulses.
  • Each of the two switches 10 and 14 above described is advantageously constituted by a transistor or by a semiconductor with three electrodes including the electrode is connected to the corresponding output (16 or 15) of microprocessor 5, said transistors or analogs which can even be integrated into this microprocessor, as well as the resistances (11, 12, R) to which they are associated.
  • This constitution, or better still this integration, makes it possible to act in a particularly fine manner on the values of the frequencies and / or amplitudes of the pulses I 1 , I 2 ... to be generated.
  • circuit suitable for measuring the voltage real at each instant across said capacitor, circuit can also be part of the whole 5-6 : this voltage measurement makes it possible to get rid of errors that could result from the aging of circuits.
  • This device presents compared to those currently known many advantages and in particular that of a fast reliable response, without practically no increase in average current consumption electric, which remains extremely weak.
  • the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiment which have been more specifically considered; she embraces it, on the contrary, all the variants having all the characteristics of claim 1, in particular those where part of microprocessor 5 above would be replaced by a comparator (not shown) receiving on one of its inputs the output of amplifier 4 and on its other input, an electrical signal representative of the threshold S, the output of this comparator then being applied to circuit 7, preferably via the assembly constituted by a microprocessor and by a analog-to-digital converter, assembly allowing particularly simple signal processing and efficient.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Rauchmelder zum Entdecken von Rauch (F), umfassend eine abgedunkelte Kammer (1) zur Aufnahme des zu entdeckenden Rauchs, eine zur Aussendung eines Lichtstrahls (P) in diese Kammer geeignete Lichtquelle (L), wobei der Lichtstrahl aus kurzen Lichtimpulsen besteht, welche in identischen, im Vergleich zur Lichtimpulsdauer sehr viel längeren Zeitabständen aufeinanderfolgen, einen Detektor (D) zur Erzeugung von Ansprechsignalen (V) bei einer teilweisen Reflektion der aufeinanderfolgenden Lichtimpulse durch einige der Partikel (X), die den in der Kammer befindlichen Rauch bilden, sowie Mittel zum Vergleichen dieser Ansprechsignale mit einem festgelegten Schwellenwert (S) und zum Auslösen eines Alarms bei Überschreiten dieses Schwellenwerts durch mehrere der aufeinanderfolgenden Ansprechsignale,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rauchmelder außerdem Mittel umfaßt, die bei der ersten erkennbaren Ermittlung einer Überschreitung des festgelegten Schwellenwertes durch die Dichte des Rauches (F) die Emissionsfrequenz der Impulse automatisch erhöhen, wobei es dann je nach Signalen (V), die vom Detektor auf der Grundlage von mehreren nacheinander mit der erhöhten Frequenz ausgesandten Impulse erzeugt werden, unter Umständen zur Auslösung eines Alarms kommt, und wobei die Mittel anschließend nur dann erneut desaktiviert werden, wenn bei der Untersuchung der Signale wieder eine Normalisierung der Situation festgestellt wurde.
  2. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Aussendung der aus einem einfallenden Lichtstrahl (P) bestehenden Lichtimpulse eine Gleichstromquelle (8, C) und eine über wenigstens einen elektronischen Unterbrecher (10, 14) mit den Anschlüssen der Stromquelle verbundene Lichtquelle (L) umfassen und daß die Mittel zur Erhöhung der Impulsfrequenz nach Überschreiten des festgelegten Schwellenwerts (S) durch das Ansprechsignal (V) des Detektors (D) einen Verstärker (4) für das Ansprechsignal, einen Analog/Digital-Wandler (6), einen Mikroprozessor (5), bei dem der Schwellenwert in einem geeigneten Speicher abgelegt ist, sowie einen Schaltkreis (7, 15, 16) enthalten, der mit dem Mikroprozessor verbunden und unter Umständen in diesen integriert ist, wodurch die Betätigungsfrequenz des Unterbrechers ab Überschreiten des Schwellenwertes durch das Ansprechsignal und während der Überschreitungsdauer erhöht werden kann.
  3. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mikroprozessor (5) Mittel enthält, die insbesondere mittels Differentialberechnung die Entwicklungsrichtung von Amplituden des Ansprechsignals (V) des Detektors (D) ermitteln können, welche den aufeinanderfolgenden, mit erhöhter Frequenz ausgesandten Impulsen entsprechen, sowie Mittel, die nur bei ansteigender Amplitude einen Alarm auslösen.
  4. Rauchmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung bestehend aus dem Mikroprozessor (5) und dem Schaltkreis (7, 15, 16) zur Regelung der Aussendefrequenz der aus einem einfallenden Lichtstrahl (P) bestehenden Impulse so ausgelegt ist, daß die Amplituden dieser mit erhöhter Frequenz ausgesandten Impulse mit der Zeit anwachsen.
  5. Rauchmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung bestehend aus dem Mikroprozessor (5) und dem Schaltkreis (7, 15, 16) zur Regelung der Aussendefrequenz der aus einem einfallenden Lichtstrahl (P) bestehenden Impulse derart ausgelegt ist, daß die Dauer und/oder die Amplituden dieser mit erhöhter Frequenz ausgesandten Impulse höher sind als diejenigen der Impulse, die zuvor mit normaler Frequenz ausgesandt wurden.
EP95926440A 1994-07-29 1995-07-27 Optischer rauchmelder Expired - Lifetime EP0772852B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9409473 1994-07-29
FR9409473A FR2723233B1 (fr) 1994-07-29 1994-07-29 Perfectionnements aux detecteurs optiques de fumees
PCT/FR1995/001014 WO1996004627A1 (fr) 1994-07-29 1995-07-27 Perfectionnements aux detecteurs optiques de fumees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0772852A1 EP0772852A1 (de) 1997-05-14
EP0772852B1 true EP0772852B1 (de) 1998-12-02

Family

ID=9465921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95926440A Expired - Lifetime EP0772852B1 (de) 1994-07-29 1995-07-27 Optischer rauchmelder

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5864293A (de)
EP (1) EP0772852B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH11509341A (de)
DE (1) DE69506417D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2126915T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2723233B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996004627A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2551546A (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-27 Ffe Ltd Improvements in or relating to beam phasing

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11224387A (ja) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-17 Hochiki Corp 減光式煙感知器
US6222456B1 (en) * 1998-10-01 2001-04-24 Pittway Corporation Detector with variable sample rate
WO2011058490A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Smoke detection using coded light lamps
FR2970102B1 (fr) * 2010-12-31 2012-12-28 Jacques Lewiner Detecteur de fumee
GB2497295A (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-12 Gassecure As Method and system for gas detection
DE102014110460B3 (de) * 2014-07-24 2015-05-13 Eq-3 Entwicklung Gmbh Optischer Rauchmelder und Verfahren zur optischen Rauchdetektion
CN110136390A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-16 赛特威尔电子股份有限公司 一种烟雾检测方法、装置、烟雾报警器及存储介质

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946241A (en) * 1973-11-26 1976-03-23 Pyrotector, Incorporated Light detector with pulsed light source and synchronous data gating
US4075499A (en) * 1976-11-16 1978-02-21 Chloride, Incorporated Smoke detector with means for changing light pulse frequency
US4163969A (en) * 1977-06-20 1979-08-07 American District Telegraph Company Variable frequency light pulser for smoke detectors
JPS609914Y2 (ja) * 1978-11-14 1985-04-05 能美防災工業株式会社 光電式煙感知器
US4225860A (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-09-30 Pittway Corporation Sensitivity controlled dual input fire detector
US4254414A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Processor-aided fire detector
DE3831654A1 (de) * 1988-09-17 1990-03-22 Hartwig Beyersdorf Optischer rauchmelder
US5422629A (en) * 1992-03-30 1995-06-06 Brk Brands, Inc. Alarm silencing circuitry for photoelectric smoke detectors

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2551546A (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-27 Ffe Ltd Improvements in or relating to beam phasing
US10277355B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2019-04-30 Ffe Limited Beam phasing method and apparatus for adjusting a timing of beam projections
GB2551546B (en) * 2016-06-21 2020-02-12 Ffe Ltd Improvements in or relating to beam phasing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2126915T3 (es) 1999-04-01
DE69506417D1 (de) 1999-01-14
FR2723233A1 (fr) 1996-02-02
JPH11509341A (ja) 1999-08-17
US5864293A (en) 1999-01-26
WO1996004627A1 (fr) 1996-02-15
EP0772852A1 (de) 1997-05-14
FR2723233B1 (fr) 1996-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2559282A1 (fr) Appareil pour la commande automatique de lanternes pour un vehicule
FR2563646A1 (fr) Appareil detecteur d'objets comprenant des photodetecteurs et destine a une zone de detection restreinte
EP0772852B1 (de) Optischer rauchmelder
CA2092972A1 (fr) Dispositif d'eclairage et/ou de signalisation utilise en situation de brouillard
CH636461A5 (fr) Installation d'alarme de securite.
CH636211A5 (fr) Detecteur de feu discriminant par comptage d'impulsions.
CH634921A5 (fr) Appareil destine a reperer la quantite de sebum secretee par une peau.
FR2754347A1 (fr) Dispositif de detection de fumee pour appareil de cuisson
CH655192A5 (fr) Detecteur de fumee photoelectrique.
EP1326286A1 (de) Photovoltaisches Solarmodul und Betriebsverfahren dafür
FR2847670A1 (fr) Detecteur par voie optique de la presence de bulles de gaz dans un liquide
CH634182A5 (fr) Circuit de commande de grille pour convertisseur a thyristors.
CH660808A5 (fr) Detecteur de feu de type analogique.
EP0252801A1 (de) Detektionsvorrichtung für einen elektromagnetischen Impuls, insbesondere hervorgerufen durch eine Kernexplosion
CH624363A5 (en) Optoelectronic device for detecting the breakage of a yarn running in a linear fashion through a beam
CH379153A (fr) Appareil optique de mesure d'une grandeur, notamment de la température d'un corps rayonnant
FR2691822A1 (fr) Procédé et système d'alarme par analyse d'un signal de réception d'un capteur.
FR2657594A1 (fr) Equipement detecteur automatique pour appeler les ascenseurs.
CH670718A5 (de)
CH640127A5 (fr) Appareil destine au reperage par classes de la quantite de produit gras se trouvant a la surface d'une peau.
FR2664740A1 (fr) Interrupteur pour minuterie.
EP0694893B1 (de) Alarmdetektionsvorrichtung mit Stromschleifen und Bake zur Lokalisierung von Waterzonen für eine solche Vorrichtung
FR2516282A1 (fr) Detecteur de fumees a source de rayonnement operee de facon impulsionnelle
FR2681443A1 (fr) Dispositif electro-optique de protection des yeux.
FR2668326A1 (fr) Dispositif de mise au point automatique et procede s'y rapportant pour camera video.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970127

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19980325

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ORWIN

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: SMYCZ, EUGENE

Inventor name: LEWINER, JACQUES

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69506417

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19990114

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19990202

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19990303

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2126915

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20000628

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20000721

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20000801

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010727

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ORWIN

Effective date: 20010731

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20010727

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20020810