EP0772852B1 - Improvements relating to optical smoke detectors - Google Patents
Improvements relating to optical smoke detectors Download PDFInfo
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- EP0772852B1 EP0772852B1 EP95926440A EP95926440A EP0772852B1 EP 0772852 B1 EP0772852 B1 EP 0772852B1 EP 95926440 A EP95926440 A EP 95926440A EP 95926440 A EP95926440 A EP 95926440A EP 0772852 B1 EP0772852 B1 EP 0772852B1
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- pulses
- frequency
- emitted
- detector
- microprocessor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
Definitions
- the duration of such a security check may reach the half a minute or more, which is prohibitive.
- the invention aims, above all, to remove this disadvantage while benefiting from the great savings due to the formation of the light brush used for the detection using short spaced pulses in the time.
- smoke detection devices of the kind in question according to the invention still include means for forming the incident light brush of control using current pulses also spaced out in time, and they're basically characterized in that they further comprise means to automatically increase the transmission frequency said impulses from the first manifestation of a detection representative of a threshold being exceeded predetermined by the density of the smoke to be controlled, the possible triggering of an alarm being then commanded according to the signals produced by the detector in response to several of the successive pulses sent to the increased frequency, said means then being at again neutralized if examination of said signals reveals a back to normal and only in this case.
- the invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
- FIG. 1 of this drawing shows very schematically the component, an established detection device according to the invention, in which the detection is carried out optics proper.
- Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the assembly of the detection device according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows in more detail a other component of this device, namely its circuit pulse frequency control bright.
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing each appear, on the one hand at the top, the impulses incident light and, on the other hand at the bottom, the signals detector response for three situations respectively different.
- the detector comprises a housing 1 mounted on a base 2 and pierced with windows 3 able to give way to smoke F to be checked.
- These windows 3 are associated with baffles (not shown) to prohibit the maximum introductions of light into the housing and so form inside this case a dark room.
- the housing contains a clean light source L to emit a light brush P in the dark room, and a detector D placed in a shadow area of this room opposite the source L.
- the box contains smoke
- the X particles making up this smoke constitute small mirrors suitable for reflecting light: some rays thus reflected reach detector D and the intensity of the latter's response is all the more high that the density of the smoke considered is itself higher.
- the incident light brush P is not emitted continuously, but in the form of pulses I ( Figure 4) whose durations t are relatively small, especially of the order of 100 microseconds at 1 millisecond, the periods T which elapse between the successive I pulses being themselves relatively long, and in particular of the order of 5 to 10 seconds.
- each overshoot should be threshold detected on the basis of a light pulse incident be confirmed on several subsequent pulses and such a check may turn out to be too long in practice: saving a minute or even half a minute, can be extremely valuable to extinguish the start of a fire.
- the invention makes it possible to benefit from both considerable savings due to light emission under the form of brief pulses repeated at a rhythm relatively slow and the security of a response delivered only after a multiple verification, while limiting to a very small duration, which may be of the order of the second, getting that answer.
- one increases automatically transmit pulse frequency bright as soon as an abnormal threshold crossing has been detected on the basis of an incident pulse sent to the normal low frequency.
- the light source L Normally, i.e. in the absence of smoke F in the housing 1, the light source L emits light pulses I spaced by identical periods T and relatively long ( Figure 4) which are generated by chronic automatic discharges from capacitor C, which is gradually loaded continuously by the power source 8.
- the microprocessor immediately delivers on its outputs 15, 16 an order of increase in the frequency of emission of the light pulses, this frequency being for example multiplied by a coefficient of the order of 10.
- Each of the subsequent pulses I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ... which then succeed at an accelerated frequency the incident pulse I 0 corresponds to a voltage response V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ...
- the microprocessor 5 develops instructions to return the switch 14 in its initial standby position.
- this is a confirmation of the danger initially detected and the microprocessor is arranged so as to excite an alarm of any desirable nature, especially sound.
- the direction of the evolution of the successive values above can be determined by calculating a derivative in the microprocessor.
- the decision to trigger the alarm or to return to the standby state is postponed until a change in the controlled amplitudes of the responses V n is detected in one or the other direction.
- the alarm is automatically triggered after a minimum duration T a which can itself have a value all the greater as the difference between the constant value of the response pulses V n and the threshold S is smaller.
- the incident pulses I ' 1 , I' 2 ... are given values which are themselves increasing: experience indeed shows that the resulting variation in the amplitudes of the corresponding response signals V ' 1 , V' 2 ... is greater than the variation of the amplitudes of the incident pulses.
- Each of the two switches 10 and 14 above described is advantageously constituted by a transistor or by a semiconductor with three electrodes including the electrode is connected to the corresponding output (16 or 15) of microprocessor 5, said transistors or analogs which can even be integrated into this microprocessor, as well as the resistances (11, 12, R) to which they are associated.
- This constitution, or better still this integration, makes it possible to act in a particularly fine manner on the values of the frequencies and / or amplitudes of the pulses I 1 , I 2 ... to be generated.
- circuit suitable for measuring the voltage real at each instant across said capacitor, circuit can also be part of the whole 5-6 : this voltage measurement makes it possible to get rid of errors that could result from the aging of circuits.
- This device presents compared to those currently known many advantages and in particular that of a fast reliable response, without practically no increase in average current consumption electric, which remains extremely weak.
- the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiment which have been more specifically considered; she embraces it, on the contrary, all the variants having all the characteristics of claim 1, in particular those where part of microprocessor 5 above would be replaced by a comparator (not shown) receiving on one of its inputs the output of amplifier 4 and on its other input, an electrical signal representative of the threshold S, the output of this comparator then being applied to circuit 7, preferably via the assembly constituted by a microprocessor and by a analog-to-digital converter, assembly allowing particularly simple signal processing and efficient.
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
L'invention est relative aux dispositifs destinés à détecter la présence de fumées en vue notamment d'effectuer la surveillance d'un local vis-à-vis des risques d'incendie et, à cet effet, de déclencher automatiquement une alarme, notamment sonore, lorsque la densité des fumées détectées dépasse un seuil prédéterminé.The invention relates to devices intended detecting the presence of smoke, in particular with a view to carrying out surveillance of a premises with regard to risks fire and, for this purpose, to automatically trigger an alarm, particularly an audible one, when the density of smoke detected exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Elle vise plus particulièrement, parmi ces détecteurs, ceux qui mettent en oeuvre un effet optique en exploitant, à l'aide d'un détecteur approprié, la réflexion d'un pinceau lumineux relativement intense sur certaines des particules composant les fumées à contrôler, fumées circulant dans une chambre noire qui contient ledit détecteur.It aims more particularly, among these detectors, those that implement an optical effect by using, using an appropriate detector, the reflection of a relatively intense light brush on some of the particles making up the smoke to be checked, fumes circulating in a dark room which contains said detector.
Vu l'intensité du pinceau lumineux, si celui-ci était émis en permanence, la consommation électrique résultante du dispositif serait très importante.Given the intensity of the light brush, if it was continuously issued, power consumption resulting from the device would be very important.
Pour écarter cet inconvénient, il a déjà été proposé d'émettre ledit pinceau sous la forme d'impulsions lumineuses de courte durée t espacées les unes des autres de périodes identiques T beaucoup plus longues, les durées t étant par exemple de l'ordre de la milliseconde ou de 100 microsecondes et les périodes T, de l'ordre de 5 à 10 secondes, la détection étant alors effectuée sur la base de signaux électriques de réponse élaborés par le détecteur uniquement au cours des durées t, les valeurs de ces signaux étant comparées à tour de rôle à une valeur représentative du seuil ci-dessus de façon à déclencher l'alarme en cas de dépassement.To avoid this drawback, it has already been proposed to emit said brush in the form of pulses short-lived lights t spaced from each other of identical periods T much longer, the durations t being for example of the order of a millisecond or 100 microseconds and periods T, of the order of 5 to 10 seconds, the detection then being carried out on the basis electric response signals produced by the detector only during durations t, the values of these signals being compared in turn to a value representative of the above threshold so as to trigger the alarm in case of overshoot.
Pour créer lesdites impulsions de durée t, on opère de préférence comme suit : on charge pendant les périodes T un condensateur à l'aide d'un courant électrique de faible intensité, puis on décharge ce condensateur à la fin de chacune desdites périodes pendant des temps t et on applique sur une source lumineuse les impulsions de courant de durée t ainsi engendrées, lesquelles se traduisent par les impulsions lumineuses de même durée formant le pinceau lumineux.To create said pulses of duration t, we preferably operates as follows: charging during periods T a capacitor using an electric current of low intensity, then we discharge this capacitor at the end of each of said periods for times t and the pulses are applied to a light source of duration t thus generated, which are translate by light pulses of the same duration forming the light brush.
En général, pour éviter les déclenchements d'alarme intempestifs qui pourraient être provoqués par un éclairage brusque du détecteur, dû par exemple au balayage du dispositif par un faisceau lumineux intense lui-même créé directement à partir d'une torche manuelle ou indirectement par réflexion du soleil sur une surface vitrée déplacée à la vue du dispositif, on ne déclenche une alarme signifiant un risque d'incendie qu'après avoir vérifié que le seuil de déclenchement programmé à l'avance demeure dépassé durant plusieurs impulsions lumineuses successives (voir le document EP-A-0 011 205).In general, to avoid triggers nuisance alarms that could be caused by sudden lighting of the detector, due for example to scanning of the device by an intense light beam itself created directly from a manual torch or indirectly by reflection of the sun on a surface glass moved at the sight of the device, it does not trigger an alarm signifying a fire risk only after having checked that the trigger threshold programmed in advance remains exceeded for several light pulses successive (see document EP-A-0 011 205).
Si l'écart entre lesdites impulsions lumineuses successives atteint ou dépasse les 5 ou 10 secondes, la durée d'un tel contrôle de sécurité peut atteindre la demi-minute ou davantage, ce qui est prohibitif.If the difference between said light pulses successive reaches or exceeds 5 or 10 seconds, the duration of such a security check may reach the half a minute or more, which is prohibitive.
L'invention a pour but, surtout, de supprimer cet inconvénient tout en bénéficiant de la grande économie due à la formation du pinceau lumineux exploité pour la détection à l'aide d'impulsions brèves espacées dans le temps.The invention aims, above all, to remove this disadvantage while benefiting from the great savings due to the formation of the light brush used for the detection using short spaced pulses in the time.
A cet effet, les dispositifs détecteurs de fumée du genre en question selon l'invention comprennent encore des moyens pour former le pinceau lumineux incident de contrôle à l'aide d'impulsions de courant également espacées dans le temps, et ils sont essentiellement caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent en outre des moyens pour augmenter automatiquement la fréquence d'émission desdites impulsions dès la première manifestation d'une détection représentative d'un dépassement du seuil prédéterminé par la densité des fumées à contrôler, le déclenchement éventuel d'une alarme étant alors commandé en fonction des signaux élaborés par le détecteur en réponse à plusieurs des impulsions successives émises à la fréquence augmentée, lesdits moyens étant ensuite à nouveau neutralisés si l'examen desdits signaux révèle un retour en ordre de la situation et seulement dans ce cas.For this purpose, smoke detection devices of the kind in question according to the invention still include means for forming the incident light brush of control using current pulses also spaced out in time, and they're basically characterized in that they further comprise means to automatically increase the transmission frequency said impulses from the first manifestation of a detection representative of a threshold being exceeded predetermined by the density of the smoke to be controlled, the possible triggering of an alarm being then commanded according to the signals produced by the detector in response to several of the successive pulses sent to the increased frequency, said means then being at again neutralized if examination of said signals reveals a back to normal and only in this case.
Dans des modes de réalisation préférés, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :
- les moyens pour émettre les impulsions lumineuses constitutives du pinceau incident comprennent une source de courant continu et une source lumineuse branchée aux bornes de la source de courant par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un interrupteur électronique et les moyens pour augmenter la fréquence des impulsions lors des dépassements du seuil prédéterminé par le signal de réponse du détecteur comprennent un amplificateur de ce signal de réponse, un convertisseur analogique-numérique, un microprocesseur comprenant le seuil enregistré dans une mémoire appropriée, et un circuit, associé au microprocesseur et éventuellement intégré à celui-ci, propre à augmenter la fréquence d'actionnement de l'interrupteur dès dépassement du seuil par le signal de réponse et tant que dure ce dépassement,
- le microprocesseur comprend des moyens pour détecter, notamment par un calcul de dérivée, le sens de l'évolution des amplitudes des signaux de réponse du détecteur correspondant aux impulsions successives émises à la fréquence augmentée, et des moyens pour déclencher l'alarme si ce sens est croissant et seulement dans ce cas,
- l'ensemble constitué par le microprocesseur et le circuit de commande de la fréquence d'émission des impulsions constitutives du pinceau lumineux incident est agencé de façon telle que les amplitudes de celles, de ces impulsions, qui sont émises à la fréquence augmentée croissent dans le temps,
- l'ensemble du microprocesseur et du circuit de commande de la fréquence d'émission des impulsions constitutives du pinceau lumineux incident est agencé de façon telle que les largeurs et/ou amplitudes de celles, de ces impulsions, qui sont émises à la fréquence augmentée soient supérieures à celles des impulsions qui étaient émises auparavant à fréquence normale.
- the means for emitting the light pulses constituting the incident brush comprise a direct current source and a light source connected to the terminals of the current source by means of at least one electronic switch and the means for increasing the frequency of the pulses during exceedances of the threshold predetermined by the response signal of the detector include an amplifier of this response signal, an analog-digital converter, a microprocessor comprising the threshold recorded in an appropriate memory, and a circuit, associated with the microprocessor and possibly integrated with that here, suitable for increasing the actuation frequency of the switch as soon as the threshold is exceeded by the response signal and as long as this excess lasts,
- the microprocessor comprises means for detecting, in particular by a derivative calculation, the direction of the evolution of the amplitudes of the detector response signals corresponding to the successive pulses emitted at the increased frequency, and means for triggering the alarm if this direction is increasing and only in this case,
- the assembly constituted by the microprocessor and the circuit for controlling the frequency of emission of the pulses constituting the incident light brush is arranged in such a way that the amplitudes of those, of these pulses, which are emitted at the increased frequency increase in the time,
- the assembly of the microprocessor and of the circuit for controlling the frequency of emission of the pulses constituting the incident light brush is arranged in such a way that the widths and / or amplitudes of those of these pulses which are emitted at the increased frequency are higher than those of the pulses which were previously emitted at normal frequency.
L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire quelques modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention en se référant au dessin ci-annexé d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In the following, we will describe some modes preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to drawing attached hereto in a manner which is of course not limiting.
La figure 1, de ce dessin, montre très schématiquement le composant, d'un dispositif de détection établi selon l'invention, dans lequel est effectuée la détection optique proprement dite.Figure 1 of this drawing shows very schematically the component, an established detection device according to the invention, in which the detection is carried out optics proper.
La figure 2 est un schéma simplifié de l'ensemble du dispositif de détection selon l'invention.Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the assembly of the detection device according to the invention.
La figure 3 montre de façon plus détaillée un autre composant de ce dispositif, savoir son circuit de commande de la fréquence d'émission des impulsions lumineuses.Figure 3 shows in more detail a other component of this device, namely its circuit pulse frequency control bright.
Les figures 4, 5 et 6 sont des diagrammes faisant apparaítre chacun, d'une part en haut, les impulsions lumineuses incidentes et, d'autre part en bas, les signaux de réponse du détecteur pour respectivement trois situations différentes.Figures 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing each appear, on the one hand at the top, the impulses incident light and, on the other hand at the bottom, the signals detector response for three situations respectively different.
D'une façon connue en soi, le détecteur comprend
un boítier 1 monté sur un socle 2 et percé de fenêtres 3
propres à livrer passage à une fumée F à contrôler.In a manner known per se, the detector comprises
a housing 1 mounted on a base 2 and pierced with
Ces fenêtres 3 sont associées à des chicanes (non
représentées) permettant d'interdire au maximum les
introductions de la lumière dans le boítier et ainsi de
former à l'intérieur de ce boítier une chambre noire.These
Le boítier contient une source lumineuse L propre à émettre un pinceau lumineux P dans la chambre noire, et un détecteur D placé dans une zone d'ombre de cette chambre vis-à-vis de la source L.The housing contains a clean light source L to emit a light brush P in the dark room, and a detector D placed in a shadow area of this room opposite the source L.
Si aucune fumée n'est présente dans le boítier lors de l'émission du pinceau incident P, celui-ci n'est pratiquement pas réfléchi vers le détecteur D et la réponse de ce dernier est très faible, voire pratiquement nulle.If no smoke is present in the housing when the incident brush P is emitted, it is not practically not reflected towards detector D and the response of the latter is very weak, even practically nothing.
Si au contraire le boítier contient de la fumée, les particules X composant cette fumée constituent des petits miroirs propres à réfléchir la lumière : certains des rayons ainsi réfléchis atteignent le détecteur D et l'intensité de la réponse de ce dernier est d'autant plus élevée que la densité de la fumée considérée est elle-même plus élevée.If, on the contrary, the box contains smoke, the X particles making up this smoke constitute small mirrors suitable for reflecting light: some rays thus reflected reach detector D and the intensity of the latter's response is all the more high that the density of the smoke considered is itself higher.
Comme dit plus haut, le pinceau lumineux incident P n'est pas émis en continu, mais sous la forme d'impulsions I (figure 4) dont les durées t sont relativement petites, étant notamment de l'ordre de 100 microsecondes à 1 milliseconde, les périodes T qui s'écoulent entre les impulsions I successives étant elles-mêmes relativement longues, et notamment de l'ordre de 5 à 10 secondes.As said above, the incident light brush P is not emitted continuously, but in the form of pulses I (Figure 4) whose durations t are relatively small, especially of the order of 100 microseconds at 1 millisecond, the periods T which elapse between the successive I pulses being themselves relatively long, and in particular of the order of 5 to 10 seconds.
Avec de tels rapports de durée, on peut engendrer, par charges et décharges successives, à l'aide d'un interrupteur, d'un circuit résistance R-capacité C approprié (figure 3), circuit dont le condensateur C est monté aux bornes de la source lumineuse L à exciter, des impulsions de courant de 1 Ampère à partir d'un courant moyen de charge dont l'intensité est seulement de 100 microampères ou même inférieure.With such duration relationships, we can generate, by successive charges and discharges, using a switch, of a resistance circuit R-capacity C suitable (figure 3), circuit whose capacitor C is mounted at the terminals of the light source L to be excited, 1 Amp current pulses from current charging medium whose intensity is only 100 microamps or even lower.
On obtient de cette façon une réduction très importante de la consommation électrique des détecteurs considérés, le rapport de cette réduction dépassant généralement 5000.This way you get a very significant consumption of detectors considered, the ratio of this reduction exceeding usually 5000.
Comme également dit plus haut, pour éviter toute alarme intempestive, il convient que chaque dépassement de seuil détecté sur la base d'une impulsion lumineuse incidente soit confirmé sur plusieurs impulsions subséquentes et une telle vérification peut se révéler trop longue dans la pratique : le gain d'une minute, voire d'une demi-minute, peut se révéler extrêmement précieux pour éteindre le début d'un incendie.As also said above, to avoid any nuisance alarm, each overshoot should be threshold detected on the basis of a light pulse incident be confirmed on several subsequent pulses and such a check may turn out to be too long in practice: saving a minute or even half a minute, can be extremely valuable to extinguish the start of a fire.
L'invention permet de bénéficier à la fois de l'économie considérable due à l'émission lumineuse sous la forme d'impulsions brèves et répétées à un rythme relativement lent et la sécurité d'une réponse délivrée seulement après une vérification multipliée, tout en limitant à une durée très petite, pouvant être de l'ordre de la seconde, l'obtention de cette réponse.The invention makes it possible to benefit from both considerable savings due to light emission under the form of brief pulses repeated at a rhythm relatively slow and the security of a response delivered only after a multiple verification, while limiting to a very small duration, which may be of the order of the second, getting that answer.
A cet effet, selon l'invention, on augmente automatiquement la fréquence d'émission des impulsions lumineuses dès qu'un dépassement anormal de seuil a été détecté sur la base d'une impulsion incidente émise à la fréquence basse normale.To this end, according to the invention, one increases automatically transmit pulse frequency bright as soon as an abnormal threshold crossing has been detected on the basis of an incident pulse sent to the normal low frequency.
La vérification multipliée ci-dessus évoquée est alors réalisée à l'aide des impulsions émises à la fréquence augmentée : cette vérification est donc beaucoup plus rapide que précédemment et peut permettre de lever beaucoup plus vite l'incertitude en ce qui concerne l'origine de l'anomalie ; la réponse du dispositif de détection est donc beaucoup plus rapide sans que la fiabilité de cette réponse soit diminuée en rien.The above-mentioned multiplied verification is then carried out using the pulses emitted at the increased frequency: this verification is therefore much faster than before and can lift much faster the uncertainty regarding the origin of the anomaly; the response of the device detection is therefore much faster without the reliability of this response is in no way diminished.
On a schématisé sur la figure 2 un dispositif permettant d'obtenir un tel résultat.We schematized in Figure 2 a device allowing to obtain such a result.
Ce dispositif comprend :
- un amplificateur 4 recueillant la sortie du détecteur D,
- l'ensemble constitué par un
microprocesseur 5 et un convertisseur d'entrée analogique-numérique 6, ensemble recevant la sortie de l'amplificateur 4 et comprenant, enregistré dans une mémoire, le seuil S dont le dépassement par le signal sortant du détecteur D et amplifié par l'amplificateur 4 signifie une densité dangereuse de fumée F, - un circuit 7 recevant la sortie de l'ensemble 5-6 et propre à commander la fréquence d'émission des impulsions lumineuses émises par la source L, circuit qui peut faire partie au moins partiellement dudit ensemble 5-6,
- et une source de courant électrique 8 alimentant les différents composants ci-dessus.
- an amplifier 4 collecting the output of the detector D,
- the assembly constituted by a
microprocessor 5 and an analog-to-digital input converter 6, assembly receiving the output of the amplifier 4 and comprising, recorded in a memory, the threshold S whose exceeding by the signal leaving the detector D and amplified by amplifier 4 means a dangerous density of smoke F, - a circuit 7 receiving the output of the assembly 5-6 and suitable for controlling the frequency of emission of the light pulses emitted by the source L, a circuit which can be at least partially part of the said assembly 5-6,
- and a source of
electric current 8 supplying the various components above.
Le circuit 7 de commande de la fréquence d'émission des impulsions I comprend quant à lui (voir figure 3), d'une façon connue en soi :
- le condensateur C ci-dessus, monté aux bornes
de la source de
courant 8 par l'intermédiaire de la résistance R ci-dessus de façon à être progressivement chargé par cette source, avec une vitesse et à un niveau dépendant de la valeur de ladite résistance, - et un circuit 9 connectant la source lumineuse
L aux bornes du condensateur C par l'intermédiaire d'un
interrupteur électronique 10 et
d'une résistance 11.
- the capacitor C above, mounted at the terminals of the
current source 8 via the resistor R above so as to be gradually charged by this source, with a speed and at a level dependent on the value of said resistance, - and a circuit 9 connecting the light source L to the terminals of the capacitor C via an
electronic switch 10 and aresistor 11.
Ledit circuit 7 comprend en outre ici :
- montées en parallèle sur la résistance R, au
moins une
autre résistance 12 de valeur inférieure à celle de cette résistance R, laditeautre résistance 12 pouvant même se limiter à unsimple conducteur 13 de faible résistance, la mise en circuit à volonté de l'une ou l'autre des résistances en parallèle (R, 12, 13...) étant commandée par un commutateur électronique 14, - et des liaisons électriques symbolisées par les
flèches 15 et 16 et associées à des moyens de commande appropriés pour transformer les instructions élaborées par lemicroprocesseur 5 en commandes correspondantes, soit du commutateur 14 seul, soit de ce commutateur et de l'interrupteur 10, dans l'hypothèse où ce dernier ne serait pas organisé de façon à se fermer automatiquement pendant une courte durée chaque fois que la charge du condensateur C dépasse un seuil prédéterminé.
- mounted in parallel on the resistor R, at least one
other resistor 12 of value lower than that of this resistor R, saidother resistor 12 can even be limited to asingle conductor 13 of low resistance, switching on at will either of the resistors in parallel (R, 12, 13 ...) being controlled by an electronic switch 14, - and electrical connections symbolized by the
arrows 15 and 16 and associated with appropriate control means for transforming the instructions prepared by themicroprocessor 5 into corresponding commands, either of the switch 14 alone, or of this switch and of theswitch 10, in the hypothesis that the latter would not be organized so as to close automatically for a short time each time the charge of the capacitor C exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Le fonctionnement de l'ensemble est le suivant.The operation of the assembly is as follows.
En temps normal, c'est-à-dire en absence de fumée
F dans le boítier 1, la source lumineuse L émet des
impulsions de lumière I espacées de périodes T identiques
et relativement longues (figure 4) qui sont engendrées par
les décharges automatiques chroniques du condensateur C,
lequel est chargé progressivement en permanence par la
source de courant 8.Normally, i.e. in the absence of smoke
F in the housing 1, the light source L emits
light pulses I spaced by identical periods T
and relatively long (Figure 4) which are generated by
chronic automatic discharges from capacitor C,
which is gradually loaded continuously by the
Ces impulsions de lumière se traduisent à la
sortie du détecteur D par des signaux de tension V (figure
4) de très faible amplitude : cette amplitude demeure
inférieure à celle du seuil S enregistré dans le microprocesseur
5 (en tenant compte, bien entendu, du coefficient
d'amplification imposé par l'amplificateur 4) de sorte que
ce microprocesseur n'engendre sur ses sorties 15, 16 aucun
signal de commande susceptible de perturber la succession
normale des cycles de veille.These light pulses translate to the
output of detector D by voltage signals V (figure
4) very low amplitude: this amplitude remains
lower than the threshold S recorded in the microprocessor
5 (taking into account, of course, the coefficient
amplification imposed by the amplifier 4) so that
this microprocessor does not generate any
Dès qu'une bouffée de fumée F suffisamment dense a pénétré dans le boítier 1, l'émission d'une impulsion lumineuse, dite I0, par la source L se traduit, du fait de la réflexion de certains rayons lumineux composant cette impulsion sur des particules X de cette fumée, par élaboration par le détecteur D d'une impulsion de tension V0 (figure 5).As soon as a sufficiently dense puff of smoke F has penetrated into the housing 1, the emission of a light pulse, called I 0 , by the source L is reflected, due to the reflection of certain light rays composing this pulse on particles X of this smoke, by development by the detector D of a voltage pulse V 0 (FIG. 5).
Si cette tension V0 est supérieure au seuil S, le
microprocesseur délivre immédiatement sur ses sorties 15,
16 un ordre d'accroissement de la fréquence d'émission des
impulsions lumineuses, cette fréquence étant par exemple
multipliée par un coefficient de l'ordre de 10.If this voltage V 0 is greater than the threshold S, the microprocessor immediately delivers on its
Cet accroissement est obtenu en modifiant la position du commutateur 14 de façon à remplacer dans le circuit RC la résistance R par l'une des résistances plus petites 12, 13 ou autres.This increase is obtained by modifying the position of switch 14 so as to replace in the circuit RC resistance R by one of the resistors plus small 12, 13 or others.
A chacune des impulsions subséquentes I1, I2, I3... qui succèdent alors à fréquence accélérée à l'impulsion incidente I0 correspond une réponse de tension V1, V2, V3...Each of the subsequent pulses I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ... which then succeed at an accelerated frequency the incident pulse I 0 corresponds to a voltage response V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ...
L'examen des valeurs de ces réponses est capital pour déterminer si le dépassement de seuil observé lors de l'émission de l'impulsion incidente Io était fugace et aurait donc donné lieu à une fausse alerte si elle avait été seule prise en considération ou si, au contraire, il s'agissait bien d'un début d'incendie devant donner lieu à l'émission d'une alarme.Examining the values of these responses is crucial to determine if the threshold exceeded observed during from the emission of the incident pulse Io was fleeting and would therefore have given rise to a false alarm if it had only taken into consideration or if, on the contrary, it it was indeed the beginning of a fire which should give rise to when an alarm is issued.
Pour le premier cas en effet, lesdites valeurs
successives vont en décroissant et repassent rapidement
au-dessous du seuil S : dans ce cas, le microprocesseur
5 élabore des instructions pour faire revenir le commutateur
14 en sa position initiale de veille.For the first case, in fact, said values
successive go down and go back quickly
below the threshold S: in this case, the
Dans le second cas, les valeurs successives en question vont en croissant : c'est bien là une confirmation du danger initialement détecté et le microprocesseur est agencé de façon à exciter alors une alarme de toute nature désirable, notamment sonore.In the second case, the successive values in increasing question: this is a confirmation of the danger initially detected and the microprocessor is arranged so as to excite an alarm of any desirable nature, especially sound.
Le sens de l'évolution des valeurs successives ci-dessus peut être déterminé par le calcul d'une dérivée dans le microprocesseur.The direction of the evolution of the successive values above can be determined by calculating a derivative in the microprocessor.
Si lesdites valeurs successives V1, V2... demeurent constantes, l'ambiguïté peut demeurer plus longtemps.If said successive values V 1 , V 2 ... remain constant, the ambiguity may remain longer.
Plusieurs solutions peuvent alors être envisagées pour lever cette ambiguïté.Several solutions can then be envisaged to remove this ambiguity.
Selon une première solution, on diffère la décision de déclenchement de l'alarme ou de retour à l'état de veille jusqu'à détection d'une évolution des amplitudes contrôlées des réponses Vn dans l'un ou l'autre sens.According to a first solution, the decision to trigger the alarm or to return to the standby state is postponed until a change in the controlled amplitudes of the responses V n is detected in one or the other direction.
Selon une autre solution, on déclenche automatiquement l'alarme au bout d'une durée minimum Ta qui peut elle-même avoir une valeur d'autant plus grande que la différence entre la valeur constante des impulsions de réponse Vn et le seuil S est plus petite. According to another solution, the alarm is automatically triggered after a minimum duration T a which can itself have a value all the greater as the difference between the constant value of the response pulses V n and the threshold S is smaller.
Selon encore une autre variante destinée à affiner la réponse de l'ensemble, on donne aux impulsions incidentes I'1, I'2... des valeurs elles-mêmes croissantes : l'expérience montre en effet que la variation résultante des amplitudes des signaux de réponse correspondants V'1, V'2... est supérieure à la variation des amplitudes des impulsions incidentes.According to yet another variant intended to refine the response of the set, the incident pulses I ' 1 , I' 2 ... are given values which are themselves increasing: experience indeed shows that the resulting variation in the amplitudes of the corresponding response signals V ' 1 , V' 2 ... is greater than the variation of the amplitudes of the incident pulses.
C'est ce qui a été représenté sur la figure 6.This is what has been shown in FIG. 6.
On pourrait également, dans le même but, donner aux durées et/ou aux amplitudes individuelles des impulsions des valeurs encore constantes, mais supérieures à celles des impulsions I émises à cadence basse lors de chaque période normale de veille.We could also, for the same purpose, give the durations and / or the individual amplitudes of the pulses values still constant, but greater than those of pulses I emitted at low rate during each normal sleep period.
Chacun des deux interrupteurs 10 et 14 ci-dessus
décrits est avantageusement constitué par un transistor
ou par un semi-conducteur à trois électrodes dont l'électrode
de commande est reliée à la sortie correspondante
(16 ou 15) du microprocesseur 5, lesdits transistors ou
analogues pouvant même être intégrés dans ce microprocesseur,
ainsi que les résistances (11, 12, R) auxquelles ils
sont associés.Each of the two
Cette constitution, ou mieux encore cette intégration, permet d'agir d'une manière particulièrement fine sur les valeurs des fréquences et/ou amplitudes des impulsions I1, I2... à engendrer.This constitution, or better still this integration, makes it possible to act in a particularly fine manner on the values of the frequencies and / or amplitudes of the pulses I 1 , I 2 ... to be generated.
De même, pour déterminer avec précision les instants de décharge du condensateur C, on prévoit avantageusement un circuit propre à mesurer la tension réelle à chaque instant aux bornes dudit condensateur, circuit pouvant faire partie, lui aussi, de l'ensemble 5-6 : cette mesure de tension permet de s'affranchir des erreurs qui pourraient résulter du vieillissement des circuits.Likewise, to accurately determine the instants of discharge of capacitor C, provision is made advantageously a circuit suitable for measuring the voltage real at each instant across said capacitor, circuit can also be part of the whole 5-6 : this voltage measurement makes it possible to get rid of errors that could result from the aging of circuits.
En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on obtient finalement un dispositif de détection optique de fumée dont la constitution et le fonctionnement résultent suffisamment de ce qui précède.As a result of what, and whatever the mode of adopted implementation, we finally obtain a device optical smoke detection whose constitution and operation result sufficiently from the above.
Ce dispositif présente par rapport à ceux actuellement connus de nombreux avantages et en particulier celui d'une réponse fiable rapide, sans pratiquement aucune augmentation de la consommation moyenne en courant électrique, laquelle demeure extrêmement faible.This device presents compared to those currently known many advantages and in particular that of a fast reliable response, without practically no increase in average current consumption electric, which remains extremely weak.
Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs
déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement
à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui
ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse,
au contraire, toutes les variantes possédant toutes les caractéristiques de la revendication 1, notamment celles où
une partie du microprocesseur 5 ci-dessus serait remplacée
par un comparateur (non représenté) recevant sur une de
ses entrées la sortie de l'amplificateur 4 et sur son
autre entrée, un signal électrique représentatif du seuil
S, la sortie de ce comparateur étant alors appliquée sur
le circuit 7, de préférence par l'intermédiaire de
l'ensemble constitué par un microprocesseur et par un
convertisseur analogique-numérique, ensemble permettant
un traitement de signaux particulièrement simple et
performant.As it goes without saying, and as it results from elsewhere
already from the above, the invention is in no way limited
to those of its modes of application and embodiment which
have been more specifically considered; she embraces it,
on the contrary, all the variants having all the characteristics of claim 1, in particular those where
part of
Claims (5)
- A device for detecting the presence of smoke (F), the device comprising a dark chamber (1) that receives the smoke to be detected, a source (L) suitable for emitting into said chamber a light pencil (P) formed by short duration pulses that are spaced apart by identical much longer periods, a detector (D) suitable for generating response signals (V) associated with the successive light pulses being reflected partially by certain particles (X) making up the smoke contained in the chamber, and means for comparing said response signals with a predetermined threshold (S) and for triggering an alarm in the event of such threshold being exceeded by a plurality of said successive response signals, the device being characterized in that it further comprises means for automatically increasing the frequency at which said pulses are emitted on the first occasion it is detected that the smoke density has exceeded the predetermined threshold; an alarm then possibly being triggered as a function of the signals (V) generated by the detector in response to a plurality of successive pulses emitted at a higher frequency, said means then being returned to normal if, and only if, examination of said signals indicates that the situation has returned to normal.
- A detector device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for emitting the light pulses constituting the incident pencil (P) comprise a DC source (8, C) and a light source (L) connected across the terminals of the DC source via at least one electronic switch (10, 14) and in that the means for increasing the frequency of the pulses in the event of the predetermined threshold (S) being exceeded by the response signal (V) from the detector (D) comprise an amplifier (4) for amplifying said response signal, an analog-to-digital converter (6), a microprocessor (5) including the threshold recorded in a suitable memory, and a circuit (7, 15, 16) associated with the microprocessor and optionally integrated therein, suitable for increasing the frequency at which the switch is actuated as soon as the threshold is exceeded by the response signal and so long as it continues to exceed the threshold.
- A detector device according to claim 2, characterized in that the microprocessor (5) includes means for detecting the direction of variation of the amplitudes of the response signals (V) from the detector (D) corresponding to successive pulses emitted at the increased frequency, in particular by calculating a derivative, and means for triggering an alarm if, and only if, said direction is increasing.
- A detector device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the assembly constituted by the microprocessor (5) and the circuit (7, 15, 16) for controlling the frequency at which the pulses constituting the incident light pencil (P) are emitted is organized in such a manner that the amplitudes of those pulses which are emitted at the higher frequency increase over time.
- A detector device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the assembly comprising the microprocessor (5) and the circuit (7, 15, 16) for controlling the frequency at which the pulses constituting the incident light pencil (P) are emitted is organized in such a manner that the width and/or the amplitudes of the pulses emitted at the higher frequency are greater than of the pulses which were previously emitted at the normal frequency.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9409473A FR2723233B1 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | IMPROVEMENTS ON OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTORS |
FR9409473 | 1994-07-29 | ||
PCT/FR1995/001014 WO1996004627A1 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-07-27 | Improvements relating to optical smoke detectors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0772852A1 EP0772852A1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
EP0772852B1 true EP0772852B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
Family
ID=9465921
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95926440A Expired - Lifetime EP0772852B1 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1995-07-27 | Improvements relating to optical smoke detectors |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5864293A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0772852B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11509341A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69506417D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2126915T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2723233B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996004627A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2551546A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-27 | Ffe Ltd | Improvements in or relating to beam phasing |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11224387A (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-17 | Hochiki Corp | Extinction type smoke sensor |
US6222456B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-04-24 | Pittway Corporation | Detector with variable sample rate |
WO2011058490A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Smoke detection using coded light lamps |
FR2970102B1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-12-28 | Jacques Lewiner | SMOKE DETECTOR |
GB2497295A (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-12 | Gassecure As | Method and system for gas detection |
DE102014110460B3 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-05-13 | Eq-3 Entwicklung Gmbh | Optical smoke detector and method for optical smoke detection |
CN110136390A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 赛特威尔电子股份有限公司 | A kind of smog detection method, device, smoke alarm and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3946241A (en) * | 1973-11-26 | 1976-03-23 | Pyrotector, Incorporated | Light detector with pulsed light source and synchronous data gating |
US4075499A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-02-21 | Chloride, Incorporated | Smoke detector with means for changing light pulse frequency |
US4163969A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1979-08-07 | American District Telegraph Company | Variable frequency light pulser for smoke detectors |
JPS609914Y2 (en) * | 1978-11-14 | 1985-04-05 | 能美防災工業株式会社 | photoelectric smoke detector |
US4225860A (en) * | 1979-01-15 | 1980-09-30 | Pittway Corporation | Sensitivity controlled dual input fire detector |
US4254414A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1981-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Processor-aided fire detector |
DE3831654A1 (en) * | 1988-09-17 | 1990-03-22 | Hartwig Beyersdorf | OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR |
US5422629A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1995-06-06 | Brk Brands, Inc. | Alarm silencing circuitry for photoelectric smoke detectors |
-
1994
- 1994-07-29 FR FR9409473A patent/FR2723233B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-07-27 EP EP95926440A patent/EP0772852B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-27 WO PCT/FR1995/001014 patent/WO1996004627A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-27 ES ES95926440T patent/ES2126915T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-27 DE DE69506417T patent/DE69506417D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-27 JP JP8506246A patent/JPH11509341A/en active Pending
- 1995-07-27 US US08/776,369 patent/US5864293A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2551546A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-27 | Ffe Ltd | Improvements in or relating to beam phasing |
US10277355B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2019-04-30 | Ffe Limited | Beam phasing method and apparatus for adjusting a timing of beam projections |
GB2551546B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2020-02-12 | Ffe Ltd | Improvements in or relating to beam phasing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2723233B1 (en) | 1996-10-04 |
FR2723233A1 (en) | 1996-02-02 |
US5864293A (en) | 1999-01-26 |
DE69506417D1 (en) | 1999-01-14 |
ES2126915T3 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
WO1996004627A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
EP0772852A1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
JPH11509341A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
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