EP0771247A1 - Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts - Google Patents

Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts

Info

Publication number
EP0771247A1
EP0771247A1 EP95925890A EP95925890A EP0771247A1 EP 0771247 A1 EP0771247 A1 EP 0771247A1 EP 95925890 A EP95925890 A EP 95925890A EP 95925890 A EP95925890 A EP 95925890A EP 0771247 A1 EP0771247 A1 EP 0771247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
tool
rotation
longitudinal
carriage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95925890A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis Claude
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASYMETRIC
Original Assignee
ASYMETRIC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASYMETRIC filed Critical ASYMETRIC
Publication of EP0771247A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771247A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q35/00Control systems or devices for copying directly from a pattern or a master model; Devices for use in copying manually
    • B23Q35/04Control systems or devices for copying directly from a pattern or a master model; Devices for use in copying manually using a feeler or the like travelling along the outline of the pattern, model or drawing; Feelers, patterns, or models therefor
    • B23Q35/08Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work
    • B23Q35/10Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work mechanically only
    • B23Q35/101Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work mechanically only with a pattern composed of one or more lines used simultaneously for one tool
    • B23Q35/102Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work mechanically only with a pattern composed of one or more lines used simultaneously for one tool of one line
    • B23Q35/104Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work mechanically only with a pattern composed of one or more lines used simultaneously for one tool of one line with coaxial tool and feeler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for machining a workpiece by removing or discharging material using at least one tool, according to which said workpiece or each tool is subjected to a rotational movement around an axe.
  • a machining process is in particular implemented by means of conventional lathes (simple, to copy, with numerical control ...) whose design allows the manufacture of parts of revolution or helical shape ( thread).
  • Such towers are particularly suitable for the manufacture of mechanical parts but offer little latitude in generating forms for decorative purposes.
  • the invention aims to overcome this drawback and to provide a process allowing, on an industrial or artisanal scale, the production of parts which may have a wide variety of shapes.
  • the invention relates to a machining process by removing or discharging material, according to which: - each tool is moved longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
  • each tool is moved transversely simultaneously along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation, - and in combination with these longitudinal and transverse displacements, the part and each tool are moved in translation relatively relative to each other along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation so as to give one of them an alternating axial movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the rotation of the part.
  • Such a method allows continuous machining of a workpiece during which it is moved to will and in three dimensions (rotation, longitudinal displacement, transverse displacement) the shape of this part, with a variable inclination of the patterns depending on the amplitude of the axial reciprocating movement.
  • the tool is moved longitudinally along the workpiece without being physically connected to any system, while also being animated with a transverse movement intended to vary its position. transverse relative to the axis of rotation.
  • the latter (or the workpiece) is driven by an alternating translational movement of variable amplitude making it possible to produce various patterns whose inclination is a function of said amplitude.
  • the machining can be carried out in a conventional manner, in particular for woodworking, using any type of tool, (simple tool, form tool, strawberry).
  • the method according to the invention consists in varying the amplitude of the reciprocating movement so that the latter is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, and is zero for a virtual position of the tool on the axis of rotation.
  • An application of this embodiment advantageously aims at making creeping balusters intended to form the uprights of a stair railing. Indeed, such a method makes it possible to very easily produce the lower and upper faces of these balusters so that the latter have an inclination equivalent to that of the staircase, and facilitate assembly.
  • the invention consists in rotating said three-dimensional template with a speed of rotation equal to the speed of rotation of the workpiece.
  • This technique advantageously makes it possible to produce parts, such as balusters, of section other than circular.
  • the invention extends to objects produced according to the method described above and to a device for machining a part by removing or discharging material by means of at least one tool, comprising means for holding the part. to machine, and means drive in rotation about an axis of said holding means or of each tool.
  • this machining device comprises: means of longitudinal displacement of each tool along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
  • a machining device intended for the manufacture of parts on an industrial scale, and in which the means for driving in rotation are associated with the means for holding the part to to machine:
  • the longitudinal displacement means comprise a longitudinal carriage and means for driving in translation of said carriage able to move it parallel to the axis of rotation by giving it, during this longitudinal displacement, an axial reciprocating translation movement of amplitude variable synchronized with the speed of rotation of the holding means,
  • the transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage carrying a tool and mounted on the longitudinal carriage, and means for driving in translation of said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation.
  • the longitudinal carriage is moved in translation by integrating, during from this displacement, the axial reciprocating movement.
  • a machining device therefore requires only two sets of translation of the tool, longitudinal and transverse, and its production simply requires numerically controlling the rotation of the holding means and the longitudinal movement of the tool so as to synchronize these movements.
  • an additional numerical control assigned to the movement of the transverse carriage can in particular make it possible to vary the amplitude of the reciprocating movement as a function of the transverse position of the tool so as, for example, to machine portions of flat surface.
  • this machining device comprises a tool holder block fixed in translation relative to the transverse carriage, and means for pivoting said tool holder block around an axis, called vertical, orthogonal to longitudinal and transverse axes of movement.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to modify the orientation of the tool, for example by means of a numerical control, and therefore multiplies the variety of achievable shapes.
  • the means for longitudinal displacement comprise a longitudinal carriage and means for driving said carriage in translation along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
  • the transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage mounted on the longitudinal carriage and means for translational driving of said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
  • the means of displacement in translation relative of the holding means and of the tool comprise a tool-carrying carriage mounted on the transverse carriage and means of translational drive of said tool-carrying carriage relative to said transverse carriage capable of moving it parallel to the axis of rotation with an alternating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation.
  • this second embodiment includes an additional translation assembly due to the fact that the longitudinal displacement and the reciprocating movement are obtained by means of two different carriages.
  • the inertia problems during changes of alternation are less significant because only the relatively light tool trolley is subjected to reciprocating motion.
  • the machining device advantageously comprises, for one or the other version described above, a sanding assembly provided with a sanding tool and offset longitudinally relative to the machining assembly, said assembly sanding comprising:
  • Such a sanding assembly allows, by numerically controlling displacements of the sanding tool similar to those of the machining tool, carry out, by means of a single device, the machining of the parts then the finishing of the latter.
  • this sanding assembly preferably comprises means for pivoting the sanding tool about an axis orthogonal to the axes of longitudinal and transverse movement.
  • the means of which for driving the holding means in rotation comprise a motor shaft
  • the means for moving in relative translation of said holding means and of the tool comprise: a ring disposed around the motor shaft, articulated on a frame by means of pivots adapted to allow it to pivot relative to the motor shaft around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft, means for tilting the ring around its pivot axis,
  • the guide member advantageously consists of a yoke of conjugate width of the diameter of the section of the ring, said yoke being carried by a pivot so as to be able to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft.
  • such a yoke has the advantage of constantly expanding orthogonally with respect to one of the axes of symmetry of the circular section of the ring, thus ensuring perfect guidance of the latter.
  • this guide member can be mounted:
  • the means for tilting the ring comprise a lever secured to one of the pivots, and means for pivoting said lever.
  • pivoting means can, moreover, be of any conventional type and consist, for example, of:
  • the axis of rotation of the device described above can be either horizontal (main application: wood lathe), or vertical (main application: potter's lathe).
  • the means for pivoting the lever are controlled by means for recording the position of the tool relative to the axis of rotation. of the motor shaft, and are adapted to vary the inclination of said lever as a function of the transverse position of the tool, so that the amplitude of the reciprocating movement is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, and be zero for a virtual position of the tool on said axis of rotation.
  • the lever is advantageously provided with a longitudinal light and associated with pivoting means comprising a jack whose state is controlled by the means for reading the transverse position of the tool, said jack comprising:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment representing a wood lathe according to the invention with manual adjustment
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section through an axial plane A of this wood lathe
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical section through a transverse plane B
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the various controls with which the device according to the invention can be fitted
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal view of an object produced by means of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment representing a wood lathe according to the invention for the production of objects provided in particular with inclined plane faces, such as balusters,
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the operation of the adjustment means of the device shown in FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8a represents an object as produced by means of the device represented in FIG. 6, from a model represented in FIG. 8b.
  • Figure 9 is a partial cross section of a third embodiment of a wood lathe as shown in Figures 1 and 6,.
  • FIG. 10 is a longitudinal section through a plane C, on an enlarged scale, of this embodiment,
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic transverse view of a fourth embodiment of a machining device according to the invention.
  • Figure 12 is a partial perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a machining device according to the invention consisting of a variant of that shown in Figure 11,.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the forms of machining obtained on a part for various speed curves imparted to the reciprocating displacement means.
  • machining devices shown in Figures 1 and 6 consist of wood lathes of specific design allowing the production of parts that can have a wide variety of shapes.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a device with manual adjustment of which only the part for driving in rotation and for holding the part 1 to be machined has been shown.
  • the machining tool part can be of any type known per se and consist for example, either of a simple actuated tool and maintained manually, more conventionally e a tool-holder trolley set in motion manually by means of a handwheel, or automatically by means of a turning bar or a lead screw.
  • This device comprises, first of all, a frame 2 on which are mounted two bearings 3, 4 housing a rotation shaft 5.
  • This rotation shaft 5 carries, towards one of its ends, a mandrel 6 for holding the part 1 to be machined, and, towards its opposite end, a drive pulley
  • This frame 2 also comprises two longitudinal flanges 9, 10 extending symmetrically on either side of the rotation shaft 5.
  • the means, in accordance with the invention, for moving the rotation shaft 5 in an axial reciprocating movement comprise a ring 11 of circular section arranged concentrically around said rotation shaft (by section of the ring 11 is meant to define the cross section of said ring in a radial direction).
  • This ring 11 carries two external pivots 12, 13 diametrically opposite, adapted, one to be housed in an orifice with a horizontal axis formed in one of the flanges 9, and the other to extend through an orifice. formed in the other flange 10, coaxial with the aforementioned orifice of the first flange 9.
  • the means associated with this ring 11, intended to allow its pivoting comprise, first of all, a lever 14 integral with the pivot 13.
  • This lever 14 forms a yoke 14a housing a nut 15 articulated inside said yoke so as to be able to pivot about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the ring 11.
  • pivoting means include, also, a worm 16 associated with conventional rotational drive means 17, actuated by means of a crank 18, and integral with the frame 2, said worm being adapted to cooperate with the nut 15 so as to bring lever 14 to pivot.
  • the means for moving the rotation shaft 5 in a reciprocating motion further comprises a guide member 19 integral with said rotation shaft 5, and having the shape of a yoke of width combined with the diameter of the section of the ring 11, adapted to accommodate said ring during the rotation of said guide member.
  • this guide member 19 is mounted in line with two diametrically opposite flats 20, 21, formed on the rotation shaft 5.
  • this guide member 19 is mounted on a stud 22 provided with a stop head 22a preventing the escape of said guide member, said stud being housed in a through orifice formed in the rotation shaft 5, orthogonally to the flats 20, 21, and being provided with one end threaded on which is screwed a counterweight 23 diametrically opposite to the guide member 19.
  • This guide member 19 comprises, firstly, a ring 24 of diameter adapted to be mounted around the stud 22 so as to be able to rotate around the latter.
  • This ring 24 disposed between the head 22a of the stud and the flat 20 facing the rotation shaft 5, has two lateral extensions 25, 26 diametrically opposite, each pierced with a bore, giving said ring a cross-section T shape.
  • the guide member 19 further comprises two studs 27, 28 each housed in an orifice of an extension 25, 26 of the ring 24.
  • each guide member mounted around each of the studs, between the head 27a, 28a of the latter and the corresponding extension 25, 26, each guide member comprises a bearing such as 29, and a spacer 30 disposed between the bearing 29 and said extension.
  • each stud 27, 28 relative to the ring 24 is ensured by a nut such as 31.
  • the device described above makes it possible to produce asymmetrical pieces of revolution 32 such as, for example, that shown as example in Figure 5, comprising from right to left with reference to the figure: a first section having a symmetry of revolution obtained by positioning the ring 11 orthogonally to the axis of rotation (zero amplitude), a second section 32b having an asymmetry of revolution, obtained by tilting the ring 11 in a first direction of pivoting relative to the vertical, and a third section 32 obtained by tilting the ring 11 in a direction opposite to the first.
  • the movable headstock (not shown) of the wood lathe described above can be: - fixed, and carry an axis of length greater than the maximum amplitude of the axial movement, said axis being intended to be housed in an axial bore formed in the workpiece,
  • the wood lathe described above can, in addition, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, be equipped with one or the other or all of the options defined in this figure, in order to allow a digital control of one or more movements.
  • a) the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft 5 can be controlled by means of a stepping motor
  • b) the speed of movement of the tool 33 can be controlled by a stepping motor
  • c) the inclination of the lever 14 and therefore the ring 11, determining the amplitude of the reciprocating movement can be controlled by means of a stepping motor
  • d) the transverse position of the tool 33 relative to the axis of rotation can be controlled by means of a stepping motor
  • e) the orientation of the tool 33 can be controlled by a motor gearbox
  • f) the speed of rotation of the tool 33 (milling cutter, etc.), depending in particular on the diameter of this tool, the nature of the material to be machined, etc. can be controlled by means of a step motor step by step. All of these commands allow
  • the device shown in Figure 6 is, in turn, particularly suitable for making, by copying, objects having in particular flat faces inclined relative to their longitudinal axis, such as for example balusters.
  • This device is in accordance with that of FIG. 1 as regards the ring 11 and the guide member 19 associated with the latter. It differs on the other hand at the level of the means associated with the ring 11 in order to cause the latter to pivot.
  • These means are, in fact, designed to be controlled by the position of a probe (not shown) in contact with a template to be copied, adapted so that the angle of inclination of the ring 11 is a function of the position of the tool relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 5.
  • These means for controlling the inclination of the ring 11 comprise, first of all, a lever 35 integral with the pivot 13 and provided with a longitudinal light 36. They are adapted to vary the inclination of this lever 35 so that the amplitude of the reciprocating movement axial of the rotation shaft 15 is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, (given by the position of the probe on its gauge) and is zero for a virtual position of said tool on said axis of rotation .
  • control means comprise a jack 37, the state of which, deployed or retracted, is controlled by the position of the probe.
  • the rod 37a of this jack 37 carries a finger 38 housed in the opening 36 of the lever 35, and is associated with guide means (not shown) capable of absorbing the lateral forces.
  • the body 37b of this jack 37 is, in turn, secured to a positioning lever 39 carried by a pivot 40 rotatably mounted in a bearing 41 integral with the frame 2, and arranged so that said pivot is coaxial with the finger 38 in the deployed position of the jack 37.
  • this positioning lever 39 Towards its end opposite to the pivot 40, this positioning lever 39 comprises a pin 42 housed in a graduated opening 43 formed in a plate secured to the frame, said opening having a curvature centered on the axis of rotation of the pivot 40.
  • this pin 42 can be replaced by a control system identical to the nut / worm / crank system such as that shown in FIG. 1 under the references 15, 16, 18 in which, in addition, the crank can be replaced by a stepper motor).
  • the jack 37 is adapted so that its stroke is proportional or equal to the transverse movement of the tool.
  • the lever 35 is in its position of minimum inclination when the jack 37 is deployed, state corresponding to an axial movement of zero amplitude. Conversely, the lever 35 is in its position of maximum inclination when the jack 37 is retracted, state corresponding to an axial movement maximum amplitude for a given inclination of the positioning lever 39.
  • the inclination of the jack 37 can also be adjusted as a function of the position of the pin 42 in the lumen 43, the inclination of the face of the part produced being likewise determined as a function of this setting.
  • FIG. 8a represents an object 44 produced by means of the device described above, by copying from a model 45 as shown in FIG. 8b.
  • each plane face of the model 45 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the latter leads to the production of a plane face, inclined by the preset angle by means of the pin 42.
  • Figures 9 and 10 represent a variant of the machining devices described above, according to which the pivots 12, 13 of the ring 11 are mounted in bearings, such as 46, secured to a movable ring 47 centered on the axis of rotation and rotatably mounted inside a fixed concentric ring 48, secured to the frame 2 thanks to the interposition of a ball cage 49 between said rings.
  • the movable crown 47 includes a sidewall provided with an annular rack 50.
  • a gear motor or a stepping motor 51 equipped with a forward and reverse gear is fixed on the side of the fixed crown 48 so that its rotation shaft extends radially.
  • This geared motor 51 carries a pinion 52 arranged to mesh with the rack 50.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to rotate the movable crown 47 and therefore the ring 11 around the axis of rotation, making it possible to obtain an offset from zero to 90 degrees of the plane of symmetry of the workpiece and therefore of the patterns produced.
  • Figure 11 shows schematically a machining device according to the invention whose frame 53 is only very partially shown, with a machining assembly and a sanding assembly, more specifically designed for the production of parts on an industrial scale.
  • the means for holding the workpieces and for driving them in rotation are conventional means equipping in particular the current numerically controlled towers and are therefore neither described in detail nor shown in this figure.
  • the machining device is adapted to move laterally with respect to the frame 53 and comprises a first longitudinal carriage 54 provided with two superimposed rows of rollers 55, 56 arranged to frame and come to roll along two horizontal guide rails 57, 58 secured to the frame.
  • This longitudinal carriage 54 is equipped with a numerically controlled motor 59 provided with a pinion 60 meshing with a rack 61 fixed on the underside of the upper guide rail 57.
  • This machining device further comprises a transverse carriage 62, of the type for example linear ball screw carriage, equipped with a numerically controlled motor 63, carried by the longitudinal carriage 54, and on which a device is mounted angle gear 64 with vertical output shaft, actuated by a numerically controlled motor 65.
  • This machining device further comprises a tool holder block 66 mounted on the output shaft of the bevel gear 64, so as to be able to pivot around a vertical axis.
  • this device comprises a tool consisting of a cutter 67 driven by a motor 68 whose rotation shaft 69 is held and guided inside a horizontal bore formed in the tool holder block 66.
  • the As for its sanding device it is similar in principle to the machining device and is suitable for moving over the frame 53. This sanding device is, moreover, offset longitudinally with respect to the machining device.
  • It comprises a longitudinal carriage 70 provided with two parallel rows of rollers 71, 72 with a vertical axis framing and rolling along two rails 73, 74 secured to a horizontal longitudinal wall of the frame
  • This longitudinal carriage 70 is equipped with a numerically controlled motor 75 provided with a pinion 76 meshing with a rack 77 secured to a side of one of the guide rails 74.
  • This sanding device also comprises a transverse carriage 78, for example of the linear ball screw carriage type, equipped with a numerically controlled motor 79, the carriage body 80 of which is integral with the longitudinal carriage 70, so that the columns 81 of said carriage extend vertically and slide inside said carriage body.
  • transverse carriage 78 On this transverse carriage 78 is also mounted an angle transmission device 82 with a horizontal output shaft, actuated by a numerically controlled motor 83, with which the sanding block 84 is associated.
  • the reciprocating movement imparted to the cutter 67 and to the sanding block 84 is integrated into the longitudinal movement of the longitudinal carriages 54, 70, and these longitudinal movements are therefore synchronized with the rotation of the workpiece digitally controlled to this effect.
  • FIG. 12 represents a variant of the device described above according to which the axial reciprocating movement is dissociated from the longitudinal displacement.
  • the tool holder block 85a 85a is mounted on the carriage body 86 of a linear carriage 87 itself mounted on a transverse carriage, shown diagrammatically at 88, this linear carriage 87 conventionally comprising two columns such as 89 s extending between two spacers such as 90, and the aforementioned carriage body 86 provided with ball bushings.
  • this linear carriage 87 includes a numerically controlled motor 91 actuating a ball screw 92, and adapted to synchronize the movements of the carriage body 86 with the rotation of the workpiece.
  • such machining devices make it possible in particular to modify the profile of the machining according to the acceleration and deceleration curves of the speed V of alternative displacement imparted to tools 67, 85a, these curves possibly evolve between theoretical extreme shapes, respectively triangular and rectangular (for half-wave displacement), with a classic sinusoidal intermediate shape.
  • machining devices make it possible to produce parts having several planes of symmetry by subjecting the tool to an alternating movement whose frequency is a multiple of the speed of rotation of the part to be machined.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)

Abstract

Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting using at least one tool (67), wherein the workpiece or each tool is rotated about an axis. Each tool (67) is moved longitudinally along an axis parallel to the rotational axis, each tool (67) is simultaneously and transversely moved along an axis orthogonal to the rotational axis, and the workpiece and each tool (67) are translated in relation to each other along an axis parallel to the rotational axis, in combination with said longitudinal and transverse movements, so that one of them is axially reciprocated over a variable amplitude range and synchronised with the rotation of the workpiece.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF D'USINAGE D'UNE PIECE PAR ENLEVEMENT OU REFOULEMENT DE MATIERE, ET PIECES USINEES METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MACHINING A WORKPIECE BY REMOVING OR DISCHARGE OF MATERIAL, AND WORKPIECES
SELON CE PROCEDEACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'usinage d'une pièce par enlèvement ou refoulement de matière au moyen d'au moins un outil, selon lequel on soumet ladite pièce à usiner ou chaque outil à un mouvement de rotation autour d'un axe. A l'heure actuelle, un tel procédé d'usinage est notamment mis en oeuvre au moyen de tours conventionnels (simples, à copier, à commande numérique...) dont la conception permet la fabrication de pièces de révolution ou à forme hélicoïdale (filetage...). De tels tours sont particulièrement adaptés à la fabrication de pièces mécaniques mais offrent peu de latitude à engendrer des formes à but décoratif.The invention relates to a method and a device for machining a workpiece by removing or discharging material using at least one tool, according to which said workpiece or each tool is subjected to a rotational movement around an axe. At present, such a machining process is in particular implemented by means of conventional lathes (simple, to copy, with numerical control ...) whose design allows the manufacture of parts of revolution or helical shape ( thread...). Such towers are particularly suitable for the manufacture of mechanical parts but offer little latitude in generating forms for decorative purposes.
L'invention vise à pallier cet inconvénient et à fournir un procédé permettant, à une échelle industrielle ou artisanale, la réalisation de pièces pouvant présenter une grande diversité de formes.The invention aims to overcome this drawback and to provide a process allowing, on an industrial or artisanal scale, the production of parts which may have a wide variety of shapes.
A cet effet, l'invention vise un procédé d'usinage par enlèvement ou refoulement de matière, selon lequel : - on déplace longitudinalement chaque outil selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,To this end, the invention relates to a machining process by removing or discharging material, according to which: - each tool is moved longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- on déplace, simultanément transversalement, chaque outil selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation, - et en combinaison avec ces déplacements longitudinal et transversal, on déplace en translation la pièce et chaque outil relativement l'un par rapport à l'autre selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation de façon à conférer à l'un d'eux un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la rotation de la pièce.- each tool is moved transversely simultaneously along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation, - and in combination with these longitudinal and transverse displacements, the part and each tool are moved in translation relatively relative to each other along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation so as to give one of them an alternating axial movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the rotation of the part.
Un tel procédé permet un usinage en continu d'une pièce à usiner au cours duquel on fait évoluer à volonté et dans trois dimensions (rotation, déplacement longitudinal, déplacement transversal) la forme de cette pièce, avec une inclinaison variable des motifs fonction de l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif axial. En effet, selon le procédé de l'invention, l'outil est déplacé longitudinale ent le long de la pièce à usiner sans être relié physiquement à un quelconque système, en étant de surcroît animé d'un mouvement transversal destiné à faire varier sa position transversale relativement à l'axe de rotation.Such a method allows continuous machining of a workpiece during which it is moved to will and in three dimensions (rotation, longitudinal displacement, transverse displacement) the shape of this part, with a variable inclination of the patterns depending on the amplitude of the axial reciprocating movement. In fact, according to the method of the invention, the tool is moved longitudinally along the workpiece without being physically connected to any system, while also being animated with a transverse movement intended to vary its position. transverse relative to the axis of rotation.
De plus, en combinaison avec ces déplacements longitudinal et transversal de l'outil, ce dernier (ou la pièce à usiner) est animé d'un mouvement de translation alternatif d'amplitude variable permettant de réaliser des motifs divers dont l'inclinaison est fonction de ladite amplitude.In addition, in combination with these longitudinal and transverse displacements of the tool, the latter (or the workpiece) is driven by an alternating translational movement of variable amplitude making it possible to produce various patterns whose inclination is a function of said amplitude.
Un tel mouvement alternatif a pour résultat d'engendrer une forme de révolution asymétrique, fonction de l'amplitude de ce mouvement, dans tous les plans contenant l'axe de rotation, à l'exception de l'un de ces plans, orthogonal au plan passant par l'axe de symétrie de la pièce usinée et par les deux points extrêmes des alternances dans lequel les contours sont symétriques.The result of such an alternative movement is to generate an asymmetrical form of revolution, a function of the amplitude of this movement, in all the planes containing the axis of rotation, with the exception of one of these planes, orthogonal to the plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the workpiece and through the two extreme points of the alternations in which the contours are symmetrical.
Dans la pratique, un tel procédé permet donc de réaliser des pièces présentant des motifs évolutifs et dont les formes peuvent être très variées.In practice, such a method therefore makes it possible to produce parts having evolving patterns and the shapes of which can be very varied.
Ainsi, lorsque le mouvement de translation alternatif est conféré à la pièce à usiner, l'usinage peut être réalisé de façon conventionnelle, notamment pour le travail du bois, au moyen de tout type d'outils, (simple outil, outil de forme, fraise...).Thus, when the reciprocating translational movement is imparted to the workpiece, the machining can be carried out in a conventional manner, in particular for woodworking, using any type of tool, (simple tool, form tool, strawberry...).
Il en est de même si le mouvement alternatif est conféré à l'outil.The same applies if the reciprocating movement is given to the tool.
Il est à noter que l'utilisation de fraises s'avère intéressante, et même parfois nécessaire lorsque les masses mises en jeu sont trop importantes vis à vis des inerties des changements d'alternance. En effet, on est conduit, dans ce cas, a prévoir de faibles vitesses de rotation, et l'enlèvement de matière est avantageusement réalisé au moyen de fraises.It should be noted that the use of strawberries proves to be interesting, and even sometimes necessary when the masses involved are too large with respect to the inertias of the changes of alternation. In fact, we are led, in this case, to provide low speeds of rotation, and the removal of material is advantageously carried out by means of cutters.
Dans l'un ou l'autre cas, en outre, toutes les techniques classiques actuellement connues d'usinage de pièces peuvent être facilement mises en oeuvre : copiage, commande numérique...In either case, in addition, all the conventional techniques currently known for machining parts can be easily implemented: copying, digital control, etc.
Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre particulier visant la réalisation de pièces de révolution dotées de portions de surface planes axées sur l'axe de rotation et d'inclinaison donnée par rapport à ce dernier, le procédé selon l'invention consiste à faire varier l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif de façon que cette dernière soit inversement proportionnelle à la distance entre l'outil et l'axe de rotation, et soit nulle pour une position virtuelle de l'outil sur l'axe de rotation.According to a particular embodiment aiming at the production of parts of revolution provided with plane surface portions centered on the axis of rotation and of inclination given relative to the latter, the method according to the invention consists in varying the amplitude of the reciprocating movement so that the latter is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, and is zero for a virtual position of the tool on the axis of rotation.
Une application de ce mode de mise en oeuvre vise avantageusement la réalisation de balustres rampants destinés à former les montants d'une rampe d'escalier. En effet, un tel procédé permet de réaliser de façon très aisée les faces inférieure et supérieure de ces balustres de façon que ces dernières présentent une inclinaison équivalente à celle de l'escalier, et en facilitent l'assemblage.An application of this embodiment advantageously aims at making creeping balusters intended to form the uprights of a stair railing. Indeed, such a method makes it possible to very easily produce the lower and upper faces of these balusters so that the latter have an inclination equivalent to that of the staircase, and facilitate assembly.
Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre avantageux visant les techniques d'usinage par copiage selon lesquelles on utilise un gabarit tridimensionnel au contact duquel vient un palpeur de copiage, l'invention consiste à faire tourner ledit gabarit tridimensionnel avec une vitesse de rotation égale à la vitesse de rotation de la pièce à usiner.According to another advantageous embodiment aimed at copying machining techniques according to which a three-dimensional template is used in contact with which a copying probe comes into contact, the invention consists in rotating said three-dimensional template with a speed of rotation equal to the speed of rotation of the workpiece.
Cette technique permet avantageusement de réaliser des pièces, tels que des balustres, de section autre que circulaire.This technique advantageously makes it possible to produce parts, such as balusters, of section other than circular.
L'invention s'étend aux objets réalisés selon le procédé ci-dessus décrit et à un dispositif d'usinage d'une pièce par enlèvement ou refoulement de matière au moyen d'au moins un outil, comportant des moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner, et des moyens d'entraînement en rotation autour d'un axe desdits moyens de maintien ou de chaque outil.The invention extends to objects produced according to the method described above and to a device for machining a part by removing or discharging material by means of at least one tool, comprising means for holding the part. to machine, and means drive in rotation about an axis of said holding means or of each tool.
Selon l'invention, ce dispositif d'usinage comprend : - des moyens de déplacement longitudinal de chaque outil selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,According to the invention, this machining device comprises: means of longitudinal displacement of each tool along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- des moyens de déplacement transversal de chaque outil selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de translation, - et des moyens de déplacement en translation relative des moyens de maintien et de chaque outil selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation, aptes à conférer à l'un deux, en combinaison avec les déplacements longitudinal et transversal de chaque outil, un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens d'entraînement en rotation.- means for transversely moving each tool along an axis orthogonal to the axis of translation, - and means for moving in relative translation of the holding means and each tool along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation, suitable for give one of them, in combination with the longitudinal and transverse displacements of each tool, an axial reciprocating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation of the rotation drive means.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention visant plus spécifiquement un dispositif d'usinage destiné à la fabrication de pièces à une échelle industrielle, et dans lequel les moyens d'entraînement en rotation sont associés aux moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner :According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention aimed more specifically at a machining device intended for the manufacture of parts on an industrial scale, and in which the means for driving in rotation are associated with the means for holding the part to to machine:
- les moyens de déplacement longitudinal comprennent un chariot longitudinal et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot aptes à le déplacer parallèlement à l'axe de rotation en lui conférant, lors de ce déplacement longitudinal, un mouvement de translation alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens de maintien,- The longitudinal displacement means comprise a longitudinal carriage and means for driving in translation of said carriage able to move it parallel to the axis of rotation by giving it, during this longitudinal displacement, an axial reciprocating translation movement of amplitude variable synchronized with the speed of rotation of the holding means,
- les moyens de déplacement transversal comprennent un chariot transversal portant un outil et monté sur le chariot longitudinal, et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot transversal relativement audit chariot longitudinal selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation.- The transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage carrying a tool and mounted on the longitudinal carriage, and means for driving in translation of said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, le chariot longitudinal est déplacé en translation en intégrant, lors de ce déplacement, le mouvement alternatif axial. Un tel dispositif d'usinage ne nécessite donc que deux ensembles de translation de l'outil, longitudinal et transversal, et sa réalisation nécessite simplement de commander numériquement la rotation des moyens de maintien et le déplacement longitudinal de l'outil de façon à synchroniser ces mouvements.According to this embodiment, the longitudinal carriage is moved in translation by integrating, during from this displacement, the axial reciprocating movement. Such a machining device therefore requires only two sets of translation of the tool, longitudinal and transverse, and its production simply requires numerically controlling the rotation of the holding means and the longitudinal movement of the tool so as to synchronize these movements.
Il est à noter, en outre, qu'une commande numérique supplémentaire affectée au déplacement du chariot transversal peut permettre notamment de faire varier l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif en fonction de la position transversale de l'outil de façon, par exemple, à usiner des portions de surface plane.It should be noted, moreover, that an additional numerical control assigned to the movement of the transverse carriage can in particular make it possible to vary the amplitude of the reciprocating movement as a function of the transverse position of the tool so as, for example, to machine portions of flat surface.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ce dispositif d'usinage comprend un bloc porte-outil fixe en translation par rapport au chariot transversal, et des moyens de pivotement dudit bloc porte- outil autour d'un axe, dit vertical, orthogonal aux axes de déplacement longitudinal et transversal. Cette disposition permet de modifier l'orientation de l'outil, par exemple au moyen d'une commande numérique, et multiplie donc la variété des formes réalisables.According to another characteristic of the invention, this machining device comprises a tool holder block fixed in translation relative to the transverse carriage, and means for pivoting said tool holder block around an axis, called vertical, orthogonal to longitudinal and transverse axes of movement. This arrangement makes it possible to modify the orientation of the tool, for example by means of a numerical control, and therefore multiplies the variety of achievable shapes.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation visant toujours plus spécifiquement une production industrielle, et dans lequel les moyens d'entraînement en rotation sont également associés aux moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner :According to a second embodiment always more specifically targeting industrial production, and in which the rotation drive means are also associated with the means for holding the workpiece:
- les moyens de déplacement longitudinal comprennent un chariot longitudinal et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot le long d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,the means for longitudinal displacement comprise a longitudinal carriage and means for driving said carriage in translation along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- les moyens de déplacement transversal comprennent un chariot transversal monté sur le chariot longitudinal et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot transversal relativement audit chariot longitudinal selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation,the transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage mounted on the longitudinal carriage and means for translational driving of said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
- les moyens de déplacement en translation relative des moyens de maintien et de l'outil comprennent un chariot porte-outil monté sur le chariot transversal et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot porte-outil relativement audit chariot transversal aptes à le déplacer parallèlement à l'axe de rotation avec un mouvement alternatif d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation.the means of displacement in translation relative of the holding means and of the tool comprise a tool-carrying carriage mounted on the transverse carriage and means of translational drive of said tool-carrying carriage relative to said transverse carriage capable of moving it parallel to the axis of rotation with an alternating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation.
Par rapport à la première version, ce deuxième mode de réalisation comporte un ensemble de translation supplémentaire du fait que le déplacement longitudinal et le mouvement alternatif sont obtenus au moyen de deux chariots différents. Toutefois, les problèmes d'inertie lors de changements d'alternance sont moins importants du fait que seul le chariot porte-outil de poids relativement faible est soumis à un mouvement alternatif.Compared to the first version, this second embodiment includes an additional translation assembly due to the fact that the longitudinal displacement and the reciprocating movement are obtained by means of two different carriages. However, the inertia problems during changes of alternation are less significant because only the relatively light tool trolley is subjected to reciprocating motion.
Il est à noter, en outre, que cette version nécessite de commander numériquement la rotation des moyens de maintien et le déplacement du chariot porte-outil afin de synchroniser ces mouvements. Par ailleurs, le dispositif d'usinage comprend avantageusement, pour l'une ou l'autre version décrite ci-dessus un ensemble de ponçage doté d'un outil de ponçage et décalé longitudinalement par rapport à l'ensemble d'usinage, ledit ensemble de ponçage comportant :It should be noted, moreover, that this version requires to digitally control the rotation of the holding means and the movement of the tool carriage in order to synchronize these movements. Furthermore, the machining device advantageously comprises, for one or the other version described above, a sanding assembly provided with a sanding tool and offset longitudinally relative to the machining assembly, said assembly sanding comprising:
- des moyens de déplacement longitudinal de l'outil de ponçage selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,means for longitudinal displacement of the sanding tool along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- des moyens de déplacement transversal de l'outil de ponçage selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation,means for transversely moving the sanding tool along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
- et des moyens de déplacement longitudinal de l'outil de ponçage selon un mouvement alternatif d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner.- And means for longitudinal displacement of the sanding tool according to an alternating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation of the means for holding the workpiece.
Un tel ensemble de ponçage permet, en commandant numériquement des déplacements de l'outil de ponçage similaires à ceux de l'outil d'usinage, de réaliser, au moyen d'un seul dispositif, l'usinage des pièces puis la finition de ces dernières.Such a sanding assembly allows, by numerically controlling displacements of the sanding tool similar to those of the machining tool, carry out, by means of a single device, the machining of the parts then the finishing of the latter.
De plus, cet ensemble de ponçage comprend préférentiellement des moyens de pivotement de l'outil de ponçage autour d'un axe orthogonal aux axes de déplacement longitudinal et transversal.In addition, this sanding assembly preferably comprises means for pivoting the sanding tool about an axis orthogonal to the axes of longitudinal and transverse movement.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation visant un dispositif d'usinage plus spécifiquement destiné à une production artisanale, et dont les moyens d'entraînement en rotation des moyens de maintien comprennent un arbre moteur, les moyens de déplacement en translation relative desdits moyens de maintien et de l'outil comportent : un anneau disposé autour de l'arbre moteur, articulé sur un bâti par l'intermédiaire de pivots apte à lui permettre de pivoter relativement à l'arbre moteur autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit arbre moteur, des moyens d'inclinaison de l'anneau autour de son axe de pivotement,According to another alternative embodiment targeting a machining device more specifically intended for an artisanal production, and the means of which for driving the holding means in rotation comprise a motor shaft, the means for moving in relative translation of said holding means and of the tool comprise: a ring disposed around the motor shaft, articulated on a frame by means of pivots adapted to allow it to pivot relative to the motor shaft around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft, means for tilting the ring around its pivot axis,
. un organe de guidage lié en translation à un des éléments, outil ou moyens de maintien, agencé de façon que l'anneau coulisse à l'intérieur dudit organe de guidage lors de sa rotation, en vue de transmettre à l'élément lié en translation à cet organe, un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude fonction de l'inclinaison de l'anneau.. a guide member linked in translation to one of the elements, tool or holding means, arranged so that the ring slides inside said guide member during its rotation, in order to transmit to the element linked in translation to this member, an axial reciprocating movement of amplitude as a function of the inclination of the ring.
De plus, l'organe de guidage consiste avantageusement en une chape de largeur conjuguée du diamètre de la section de l'anneau, ladite chape étant portée par un pivot de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de l'arbre moteur.In addition, the guide member advantageously consists of a yoke of conjugate width of the diameter of the section of the ring, said yoke being carried by a pivot so as to be able to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft.
Grâce à sa faculté de pouvoir pivoter, une telle chape présente l'avantage de s'étendre constamment orthogonalement par rapport à un des axes de symétrie de la section circulaire de l'anneau, assurant ainsi un parfait guidage de ce dernier.Thanks to its ability to be able to pivot, such a yoke has the advantage of constantly expanding orthogonally with respect to one of the axes of symmetry of the circular section of the ring, thus ensuring perfect guidance of the latter.
En outre, cet organe de guidage peut être monté :In addition, this guide member can be mounted:
- soit sur l'arbre moteur de façon à conférer à ce dernier un mouvement alternatif axial,- either on the motor shaft so as to give the latter an axial reciprocating movement,
- soit sur des moyens de déplacement de l'outil, tels qu'une vis-mère, de façon à conférer à ces derniers un mouvement alternatif axial.- Or on means for moving the tool, such as a lead screw, so as to give the latter an axial reciprocating movement.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les moyens d'inclinaison de l'anneau comprennent un levier solidaire d'un des pivots, et des moyens de pivotement dudit levier.According to another characteristic of the invention, the means for tilting the ring comprise a lever secured to one of the pivots, and means for pivoting said lever.
Ces moyens de pivotement peuvent, en outre, être de tout type conventionnel et consister par exemple en :These pivoting means can, moreover, be of any conventional type and consist, for example, of:
- une vis sans fin entraînée manuellement au moyen d'une manivelle,- a worm screw driven manually by means of a crank,
- une vis sans fin entraînée par un moteur électrique avec variateur, commandé par exemple au moyen d'une pédale,- a worm screw driven by an electric motor with variator, controlled for example by means of a pedal,
- une vis sans fin entraînée par un moteur électrique à commande numérique,- a worm screw driven by an electric motor with numerical control,
- un vérin hydraulique commandé par un système de copiage.- a hydraulic cylinder controlled by a copying system.
Il est à noter, en outre, que l'axe de rotation du dispositif ci-dessus décrit peut être soit horizontal (application principale : tour à bois), soit vertical (application principale : tour de potier).It should be noted, moreover, that the axis of rotation of the device described above can be either horizontal (main application: wood lathe), or vertical (main application: potter's lathe).
Par ailleurs, selon un mode de réalisation permettant la réalisation de faces inclinées planes, notamment pour la fabrication de balustres, les moyens de pivotement du levier sont asservis à des moyens de relevé de la position de l'outil relativement à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre moteur, et sont adaptés pour faire varier l'inclinaison dudit levier en fonction de la position transversale de l'outil, de façon que l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif soit inversement proportionnelle à la distance entre l'outil et l'axe de rotation, et soit nulle pour une position virtuelle de l'outil sur ledit axe de rotation. En outre, selon ce mode de réalisation, le levier est avantageusement doté d'une lumière longitudinale et associé à des moyens de pivotement comprenant un vérin dont l'état est asservi aux moyens de relevé de la position transversale de l'outil, ledit vérin comportant :Furthermore, according to one embodiment allowing the production of flat inclined faces, in particular for the manufacture of balusters, the means for pivoting the lever are controlled by means for recording the position of the tool relative to the axis of rotation. of the motor shaft, and are adapted to vary the inclination of said lever as a function of the transverse position of the tool, so that the amplitude of the reciprocating movement is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, and be zero for a virtual position of the tool on said axis of rotation. In addition, according to this embodiment, the lever is advantageously provided with a longitudinal light and associated with pivoting means comprising a jack whose state is controlled by the means for reading the transverse position of the tool, said jack comprising:
. une tige portant un axe monté coulissant à l'intérieur de la lumière du levier, et associée à des moyens de guidage aptes à absorber les efforts latéraux, un corps solidaire d'un levier de positionnement articulé autour d'un axe solidaire du bâti et coaxial avec l'axe porté par la tige de vérin, dans la position déployée dudit vérin, ledit levier de positionnement étant associé à des moyens de réglage de sa position angulaire par rapport au bâti. Cette disposition, d'une part, permet de réaliser des faces planes, et d'autre part, permet de régler l'inclinaison de ces faces à l'aide des moyens de réglage.. a rod carrying an axis mounted sliding inside the lumen of the lever, and associated with guide means capable of absorbing lateral forces, a body secured to a positioning lever articulated around an axis secured to the frame and coaxial with the axis carried by the jack rod, in the deployed position of said jack, said positioning lever being associated with means for adjusting its angular position relative to the frame. This arrangement, on the one hand, makes it possible to produce flat faces, and on the other hand, makes it possible to adjust the inclination of these faces using adjustment means.
D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui suit en référence aux dessins annexés qui en représentent à titre d'exemples non limitatifs cinq modes de réalisation préférentiels ainsi qu'un schéma d'une autre variante de réalisation. Sur ces dessins qui font partie intégrante de la présente description :Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows with reference to the appended drawings which show by way of nonlimiting examples five preferred embodiments as well as a diagram of another variant of production. On these drawings which form an integral part of this description:
. la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation représentant un tour à bois conforme à l'invention à réglage manuel,. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment representing a wood lathe according to the invention with manual adjustment,
. la figure 2 est une coupe verticale par un plan axial A de ce tour à bois,. FIG. 2 is a vertical section through an axial plane A of this wood lathe,
. la figure 3 en est une coupe verticale par un plan transversal B, la figure 4 est un schéma de principe représentant les diverses commandes dont peut être équipé le dispositif conforme à l'invention, la figure 5 est une vue longitudinale d'un objet réalisé au moyen d'un dispositif conforme à l' invention, . la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation représentant un tour à bois conforme à l'invention pour la réalisation d'objets dotés notamment de faces planes inclinées, tels que des balustres,. Figure 3 is a vertical section through a transverse plane B, Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the various controls with which the device according to the invention can be fitted, Figure 5 is a longitudinal view of an object produced by means of a device according to the invention, . FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment representing a wood lathe according to the invention for the production of objects provided in particular with inclined plane faces, such as balusters,
. la figure 7 est un schéma de principe du fonctionnement des moyens de réglage du dispositif représenté à la figure 6,. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the operation of the adjustment means of the device shown in FIG. 6,
. la figure 8a représente un objet tel que réalisé au moyen du dispositif représenté à la figure 6, à partir d'un modèle représenté à la figure 8b.. FIG. 8a represents an object as produced by means of the device represented in FIG. 6, from a model represented in FIG. 8b.
. la figure 9 est une coupe transversale partielle d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un tour à bois tel que représenté aux figures 1 et 6, . la figure 10 est une coupe longitudinale par un plan C, à échelle agrandie, de ce mode de réalisation,. Figure 9 is a partial cross section of a third embodiment of a wood lathe as shown in Figures 1 and 6,. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal section through a plane C, on an enlarged scale, of this embodiment,
. la figure 11 est une vue transversale schématique d'un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'usinage conforme à l'invention,. FIG. 11 is a schematic transverse view of a fourth embodiment of a machining device according to the invention,
. la figure 12 est une vue en perspective partielle d'un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'usinage conforme à l'invention consistant en une variante de celui représenté à la figure 11 , . et la figure 13 est un schéma illustrant les formes d'usinage obtenues sur une pièce pour des diverses courbes de vitesse conférées aux moyens de déplacement alternatif.. Figure 12 is a partial perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a machining device according to the invention consisting of a variant of that shown in Figure 11,. and FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the forms of machining obtained on a part for various speed curves imparted to the reciprocating displacement means.
Les dispositifs d'usinage représentés aux figures 1 et 6 consistent en des tours à bois de conception spécifique permettant la réalisation de pièces pouvant présenter une grande diversité de formes.The machining devices shown in Figures 1 and 6 consist of wood lathes of specific design allowing the production of parts that can have a wide variety of shapes.
Le dispositif représenté à la figure 1 est un dispositif à réglage manuel dont seule la partie d'entraînement en rotation et de maintien de la pièce 1 à usiner a été représentée. La partie outillage d'usinage, non représentée, peut être de tout type connu en soi et consister par exemple, soit en un simple outil actionné et maintenu manuellement, soit plus classiquement e un chariot porte-outil mis en mouvement manuellement au moyen d'un volant, ou automatiquement par l'intermédiaire d'une barre de chariotage ou d'une vis-mère. Ce dispositif comprend, en premier lieu, un bâti 2 sur lequel sont montés deux paliers 3, 4 logeant un arbre de rotation 5.The device shown in FIG. 1 is a device with manual adjustment of which only the part for driving in rotation and for holding the part 1 to be machined has been shown. The machining tool part, not shown, can be of any type known per se and consist for example, either of a simple actuated tool and maintained manually, more conventionally e a tool-holder trolley set in motion manually by means of a handwheel, or automatically by means of a turning bar or a lead screw. This device comprises, first of all, a frame 2 on which are mounted two bearings 3, 4 housing a rotation shaft 5.
Cet arbre de rotation 5 porte, vers une de ses extrémités, un mandrin 6 de maintien de la pièce 1 à usiner, et, vers son extrémité opposée, une poulie motriceThis rotation shaft 5 carries, towards one of its ends, a mandrel 6 for holding the part 1 to be machined, and, towards its opposite end, a drive pulley
7 entraînée en rotation au moyen d'une courroie 8 et d'un moteur (non représenté).7 driven in rotation by means of a belt 8 and a motor (not shown).
Ce bâti 2 comporte, en outre, deux flasques longitudinaux 9, 10 s'étendant symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'arbre de rotation 5.This frame 2 also comprises two longitudinal flanges 9, 10 extending symmetrically on either side of the rotation shaft 5.
Les moyens, conformes à l'invention, de déplacement de l' arbre de rotation 5 selon un mouvement alternatif axial, comportent un anneau 11 de section circulaire disposé concentriquement autour dudit arbre de rotation (par section de l'anneau 11 on entend définir la section droite dudit anneau selon une direction radiale).The means, in accordance with the invention, for moving the rotation shaft 5 in an axial reciprocating movement, comprise a ring 11 of circular section arranged concentrically around said rotation shaft (by section of the ring 11 is meant to define the cross section of said ring in a radial direction).
Cet anneau 11 porte deux pivots externes 12, 13 diamétralement opposés, adaptés, l'un pour se loger dans un orifice à axe horizontal ménagé dans l'un des flasques 9, et l'autre pour s'étendre au travers d'un orifice ménagé dans l'autre flasque 10, coaxial avec l'orifice précité du premier flasque 9.This ring 11 carries two external pivots 12, 13 diametrically opposite, adapted, one to be housed in an orifice with a horizontal axis formed in one of the flanges 9, and the other to extend through an orifice. formed in the other flange 10, coaxial with the aforementioned orifice of the first flange 9.
Ces deux pivots 12, 13 autorisent un pivotement de l'anneau autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation.These two pivots 12, 13 allow the ring to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Les moyens associés à cet anneau 11, destinés à permettre son pivotement, comprennent, en premier lieu, un levier 14 solidaire du pivot 13. Ce levier 14 forme une chape 14a logeant un écrou 15 articulé à l'intérieur de ladite chape de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de pivotement de l'anneau 11.The means associated with this ring 11, intended to allow its pivoting, comprise, first of all, a lever 14 integral with the pivot 13. This lever 14 forms a yoke 14a housing a nut 15 articulated inside said yoke so as to be able to pivot about an axis parallel to the pivot axis of the ring 11.
Ces moyens de pivotement comportent, également, une vis sans fin 16 associée a des moyens d'entraînement en rotation classiques 17, actionnés au moyen d'une manivelle 18, et solidaires du bâti 2, ladite vis sans fin étant adaptée pour coopérer avec 1 ' écrou 15 de façon à amener le levier 14 à pivoter.These pivoting means include, also, a worm 16 associated with conventional rotational drive means 17, actuated by means of a crank 18, and integral with the frame 2, said worm being adapted to cooperate with the nut 15 so as to bring lever 14 to pivot.
Les moyens de déplacement de l'arbre de rotation 5 selon un mouvement alternatif comprennent, en outre, un organe de guidage 19 solidaire dudit arbre de rotation 5, et présentant la forme d'une chape de largeur conjuguée du diamètre de la section de l'anneau 11, adaptée pour loger ledit anneau lors de la rotation dudit organe de guidage.The means for moving the rotation shaft 5 in a reciprocating motion further comprises a guide member 19 integral with said rotation shaft 5, and having the shape of a yoke of width combined with the diameter of the section of the ring 11, adapted to accommodate said ring during the rotation of said guide member.
Tel que représenté aux figures 2 et 3, cet organe de guidage 19 est monté au droit de deux méplats 20, 21 diamétralement opposés, ménagés sur l'arbre de rotation 5. De plus, cet organe de guidage 19 est monté sur un goujon 22 doté d'une tête de butée 22a évitant l'échappement dudit organe de guidage, ledit goujon étant logé dans un orifice traversant ménagé dans l'arbre de rotation 5, orthogonalement par rapport aux méplats 20, 21, et étant doté d'une extrémité filetée sur laquelle est vissée une masselotte 23 diamétralement opposée à l'organe de guidage 19.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, this guide member 19 is mounted in line with two diametrically opposite flats 20, 21, formed on the rotation shaft 5. In addition, this guide member 19 is mounted on a stud 22 provided with a stop head 22a preventing the escape of said guide member, said stud being housed in a through orifice formed in the rotation shaft 5, orthogonally to the flats 20, 21, and being provided with one end threaded on which is screwed a counterweight 23 diametrically opposite to the guide member 19.
Cet organe de guidage 19 comporte, en premier lieu, une bague 24 de diamètre adapté pour être montée autour du goujon 22 de façon à pouvoir tourner autour de celui-ci. Cette bague 24 disposée entre la tête 22a du goujon et le méplat 20 en vis à vis de l'arbre de rotation 5, comporte deux extensions latérales 25, 26 diamétralement opposées, percées chacune d'un alésage, conférant à ladite bague une section en forme de T.This guide member 19 comprises, firstly, a ring 24 of diameter adapted to be mounted around the stud 22 so as to be able to rotate around the latter. This ring 24 disposed between the head 22a of the stud and the flat 20 facing the rotation shaft 5, has two lateral extensions 25, 26 diametrically opposite, each pierced with a bore, giving said ring a cross-section T shape.
L'organe de guidage 19 comporte, en outre, deux goujons 27, 28 logés chacun dans un orifice d'une extension 25, 26 de la bague 24. De plus, montés autour de chacun des goujons, entre la tête 27a, 28a de ces derniers et l'extension 25, 26 correspondante, chaque organe de guidage comporte un roulement tel que 29, et une entretoise 30 disposée entre le roulement 29 et ladite extension.The guide member 19 further comprises two studs 27, 28 each housed in an orifice of an extension 25, 26 of the ring 24. In addition, mounted around each of the studs, between the head 27a, 28a of the latter and the corresponding extension 25, 26, each guide member comprises a bearing such as 29, and a spacer 30 disposed between the bearing 29 and said extension.
Enfin, le blocage de chaque goujon 27, 28 relativement à la bague 24 est assuré par un écrou tel que 31. Le dispositif ci-dessus décrit permet de réaliser des pièces de révolution 32 asymétriques telles que par exemple, celle représentée à titre d'exemple à la figure 5, comprenant de la droite vers la gauche en se référant à la figure : un premier tronçon présentant une symétrie de révolution obtenu en positionnant l'anneau 11 orthogonalement par rapport à l'axe de rotation (amplitude nulle), un deuxième tronçon 32b présentant une asymétrie de révolution, obtenu en inclinant l'anneau 11 selon une première direction de pivotement par rapport à la verticale, et un troisième tronçon 32 obtenu en inclinant l'anneau 11 selon une direction opposée à la première.Finally, the locking of each stud 27, 28 relative to the ring 24 is ensured by a nut such as 31. The device described above makes it possible to produce asymmetrical pieces of revolution 32 such as, for example, that shown as example in Figure 5, comprising from right to left with reference to the figure: a first section having a symmetry of revolution obtained by positioning the ring 11 orthogonally to the axis of rotation (zero amplitude), a second section 32b having an asymmetry of revolution, obtained by tilting the ring 11 in a first direction of pivoting relative to the vertical, and a third section 32 obtained by tilting the ring 11 in a direction opposite to the first.
Il est à noter par ailleurs, que la poupée mobile (non représentée) du tour à bois ci-dessus décrit peut quant à elle être : - fixe, et porter un axe de longueur supérieure à l'amplitude maximale du mouvement axial, ledit axe étant destiné à être logé dans un alésage axial ménagé dans la pièce à usiner,It should also be noted that the movable headstock (not shown) of the wood lathe described above can be: - fixed, and carry an axis of length greater than the maximum amplitude of the axial movement, said axis being intended to be housed in an axial bore formed in the workpiece,
- mobile, et asservie aux mouvements axiaux de l'arbre de rotation 5,- mobile, and subject to the axial movements of the rotation shaft 5,
- mobile et dotée de moyens de fixation de la pièce à usiner adaptés pour que cette dernière lui transmette les mouvements axiaux de l'arbre de rotation 5.- mobile and provided with means for fixing the workpiece adapted so that the latter transmits to it the axial movements of the rotation shaft 5.
Par ailleurs, le tour à bois décrit ci- dessus peut, en outre, tel que représenté schematiquement à la figure 4, être équipé de l'une ou l'autre ou de la totalité des options définies à cette figure, en vue de permettre une commande numérique d'un ou plusieurs déplacements. Ainsi : a) la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre rotatif 5 peut être asservie au moyen d'un moteur pas à pas, b) la vitesse de déplacement de l'outil 33 peut être asservie au moyen d'un moteur pas à pas, c) l'inclinaison du levier 14 et donc de l'anneau 11, déterminant l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif, peut être asservie au moyen d'un moteur pas à pas, d) la position transversale de l'outil 33 relativement à l'axe de rotation peut être asservie au moyen d'un moteur pas à pas, e) l'orientation de l'outil 33 peut être asservie au moyen d'un moto-réducteur, f) la vitesse de rotation de l'outil 33 (fraise...), en fonction notamment du diamètre de cet outil, de la nature du matériau à usiner..., peut être asservie au moyen d'un moteur pas à pas. L'ensemble de ces commandes permet la réalisation d'objets dont les contours externes et/ou internes peuvent être très variés, tels que ceux de l'objet 34 représenté à la figure 4.Furthermore, the wood lathe described above can, in addition, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, be equipped with one or the other or all of the options defined in this figure, in order to allow a digital control of one or more movements. Thus: a) the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft 5 can be controlled by means of a stepping motor, b) the speed of movement of the tool 33 can be controlled by a stepping motor, c) the inclination of the lever 14 and therefore the ring 11, determining the amplitude of the reciprocating movement, can be controlled by means of a stepping motor, d) the transverse position of the tool 33 relative to the axis of rotation can be controlled by means of a stepping motor, e) the orientation of the tool 33 can be controlled by a motor gearbox, f) the speed of rotation of the tool 33 (milling cutter, etc.), depending in particular on the diameter of this tool, the nature of the material to be machined, etc., can be controlled by means of a step motor step by step. All of these commands allow the production of objects whose external and / or internal contours can be very varied, such as those of the object 34 shown in FIG. 4.
Le dispositif représenté à la figure 6 est, quant à lui, particulièrement adapté pour réaliser, par copiage, des objets présentant notamment des faces planes inclinées par rapport à leur axe longitudinal, tels que par exemple des balustres.The device shown in Figure 6 is, in turn, particularly suitable for making, by copying, objects having in particular flat faces inclined relative to their longitudinal axis, such as for example balusters.
Ce dispositif est conforme à celui de la figure 1 en ce qui concerne l'anneau 11 et l'organe de guidage 19 associé à ce dernier. Il se différencie par contre au niveau des moyens associés à l'anneau 11 en vue de provoquer le pivotement de ce dernier.This device is in accordance with that of FIG. 1 as regards the ring 11 and the guide member 19 associated with the latter. It differs on the other hand at the level of the means associated with the ring 11 in order to cause the latter to pivot.
Ces moyens sont, en effet, conçus pour être asservis à la position d'un palpeur (non représenté) en contact avec un gabarit à copier, adaptés pour que l'angle d'inclinaison de l'anneau 11 soit fonction de la position de l'outil par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre 5.These means are, in fact, designed to be controlled by the position of a probe (not shown) in contact with a template to be copied, adapted so that the angle of inclination of the ring 11 is a function of the position of the tool relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 5.
Ces moyens de commande de l'inclinaison de l'anneau 11 comportent, en premier lieu, un levier 35 solidaire du pivot 13 et doté d'une lumière longitudinale 36. Ils sont adaptés pour faire varier l'inclinaison de ce levier 35 de façon que l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif axial de l'arbre de rotation 15 soit inversement proportionnelle à la distance entre l'outil et l'axe de rotation, (donnée par la position du palpeur sur son gabarit) et soit nulle pour une position virtuelle dudit outil sur ledit axe de rotation.These means for controlling the inclination of the ring 11 comprise, first of all, a lever 35 integral with the pivot 13 and provided with a longitudinal light 36. They are adapted to vary the inclination of this lever 35 so that the amplitude of the reciprocating movement axial of the rotation shaft 15 is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, (given by the position of the probe on its gauge) and is zero for a virtual position of said tool on said axis of rotation .
Ces moyens de commande comportent un vérin 37 dont l'état, déployé ou rétracté, est asservi à la position du palpeur.These control means comprise a jack 37, the state of which, deployed or retracted, is controlled by the position of the probe.
La tige 37a de ce vérin 37 porte un doigt 38 logé dans la lumière 36 du levier 35, et est associée à des moyens de guidage (non représentés) aptes à absorber les efforts latéraux. Le corps 37b de ce vérin 37 est, quant à lui, solidarisé sur un levier de positionnement 39 porté par un pivot 40 monté rotatif dans un palier 41 solidaire du bâti 2, et agencé de façon que le dit pivot soit coaxial avec le doigt 38 dans la position déployée du vérin 37.The rod 37a of this jack 37 carries a finger 38 housed in the opening 36 of the lever 35, and is associated with guide means (not shown) capable of absorbing the lateral forces. The body 37b of this jack 37 is, in turn, secured to a positioning lever 39 carried by a pivot 40 rotatably mounted in a bearing 41 integral with the frame 2, and arranged so that said pivot is coaxial with the finger 38 in the deployed position of the jack 37.
Vers son extrémité opposée au pivot 40, ce levier de positionnement 39 comporte un pion 42 logé dans une lumière graduée 43 ménagée dans une plaque solidaire du bâti, ladite lumière présentant une courbure axée sur l'axe de rotation du pivot 40.Towards its end opposite to the pivot 40, this positioning lever 39 comprises a pin 42 housed in a graduated opening 43 formed in a plate secured to the frame, said opening having a curvature centered on the axis of rotation of the pivot 40.
(A noter que ce pion 42 peut être remplacé par un système de commande identique au système écrou/vis sans fin/manivelle tel que celui représenté à la figure 1 sous les références 15, 16, 18 dans lequel, en outre, la manivelle peut être remplacée par un moteur pas à pas).(Note that this pin 42 can be replaced by a control system identical to the nut / worm / crank system such as that shown in FIG. 1 under the references 15, 16, 18 in which, in addition, the crank can be replaced by a stepper motor).
Afin de réaliser des surfaces planes inclinées ou non, selon l'inclinaison de l'anneau 11, le vérin 37 est adapté pour que sa course soit proportionnelle ou égale au débattement transversal de l'outil.In order to produce flat surfaces inclined or not, depending on the inclination of the ring 11, the jack 37 is adapted so that its stroke is proportional or equal to the transverse movement of the tool.
Ainsi, et indépendamment de l'inclinaison du levier de positionnement 39, le levier 35 se trouve dans sa position d'inclinaison minimale lorsque le vérin 37 est déployé, état correspondant à un mouvement axial d'amplitude nulle. Inversement, le levier 35 se trouve dans sa position d'inclinaison maximale lorsque le vérin 37 est rétracté, état correspondant à un mouvement axial d'amplitude maximale pour une inclinaison donnée du levier de positionnement 39 .Thus, and independently of the inclination of the positioning lever 39, the lever 35 is in its position of minimum inclination when the jack 37 is deployed, state corresponding to an axial movement of zero amplitude. Conversely, the lever 35 is in its position of maximum inclination when the jack 37 is retracted, state corresponding to an axial movement maximum amplitude for a given inclination of the positioning lever 39.
De plus, tel que représenté à la figure 7, l'inclinaison du vérin 37 peut être également réglée en fonction de la position du pion 42 dans la lumière 43, l'inclinaison de la face de la pièce réalisée étant de même déterminée en fonction de ce réglage.In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the inclination of the jack 37 can also be adjusted as a function of the position of the pin 42 in the lumen 43, the inclination of the face of the part produced being likewise determined as a function of this setting.
La figure 8a représente un objet 44 réalisé au moyen du dispositif ci-dessus décrit, par copiage à partir d'un modèle 45 tel que représenté à la figure 8b. Tel qu'illustré sur ces figures, chaque face plane du modèle 45 orthogonale à l'axe longitudinal de ce dernier conduit à la réalisation d'une face plane, inclinée de l'angle préréglé au moyen du pion 42. Les figures 9 et 10 représentent une variante des dispositifs d'usinage ci-dessus décrits, selon laquelle les pivots 12, 13 de l'anneau 11 sont montés dans des paliers, tels que 46, solidaires d'une couronne mobile 47 axée sur l'axe de rotation et montée rotative à l'intérieur d'une couronne fixe 48 concentrique, solidarisée au bâti 2 grâce à l'interposition d'une cage à billes 49 entre lesdites couronnes.FIG. 8a represents an object 44 produced by means of the device described above, by copying from a model 45 as shown in FIG. 8b. As illustrated in these figures, each plane face of the model 45 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the latter leads to the production of a plane face, inclined by the preset angle by means of the pin 42. Figures 9 and 10 represent a variant of the machining devices described above, according to which the pivots 12, 13 of the ring 11 are mounted in bearings, such as 46, secured to a movable ring 47 centered on the axis of rotation and rotatably mounted inside a fixed concentric ring 48, secured to the frame 2 thanks to the interposition of a ball cage 49 between said rings.
En vue de sa rotation, la couronne mobile 47 comporte un flanc doté d'une crémaillère annulaire 50. De plus, un moto-réducteur ou un moteur pas-à-pas 51 équipé d'une marche avant et d'une marche arrière est fixé sur le flanc de la couronne fixe 48 de façon que son arbre de rotation s'étende radialement. Ce moto-réducteur 51 porte un pignon 52 agencé pour engrener avec la crémaillère 50.In view of its rotation, the movable crown 47 includes a sidewall provided with an annular rack 50. In addition, a gear motor or a stepping motor 51 equipped with a forward and reverse gear is fixed on the side of the fixed crown 48 so that its rotation shaft extends radially. This geared motor 51 carries a pinion 52 arranged to mesh with the rack 50.
Cet agencement permet de faire tourner la couronne mobile 47 et donc l'anneau 11 autour de l'axe de rotation, permettant d'obtenir un décalage de zéro à 90 degrés du plan de symétrie de la pièce à usiner et donc des motifs réalisés.This arrangement makes it possible to rotate the movable crown 47 and therefore the ring 11 around the axis of rotation, making it possible to obtain an offset from zero to 90 degrees of the plane of symmetry of the workpiece and therefore of the patterns produced.
La figure 11 représente quant à elle schematiquement un dispositif d'usinage conforme à l'invention dont le bâti 53 n'est que très partiellement représenté, doté d'un ensemble d'usinage et d'un ensemble de ponçage, plus spécifiquement conçu pour une production de pièces à une échelle industrielle.Figure 11 shows schematically a machining device according to the invention whose frame 53 is only very partially shown, with a machining assembly and a sanding assembly, more specifically designed for the production of parts on an industrial scale.
Les moyens de maintien des pièces à usiner et d'entraînement en rotation de ces dernières sont des moyens classiques équipant notamment les tours à commande numérique actuels et ne sont donc ni décrits en détail, ni représentés sur cette figure.The means for holding the workpieces and for driving them in rotation are conventional means equipping in particular the current numerically controlled towers and are therefore neither described in detail nor shown in this figure.
Le dispositif d'usinage est adapté pour se déplacer latéralement par rapport au bâti 53 et comporte un premier chariot longitudinal 54 doté de deux rangées superposées de galets 55, 56 agencées pour encadrer et venir rouler le long de deux rails de guidage horizontaux 57, 58 solidarisés au bâti. Ce chariot longitudinal 54 est équipé d'un moteur à commande numérique 59 doté d'un pignon 60 engrenant avec une crémaillère 61 fixée en sous-face du rail de guidage supérieur 57.The machining device is adapted to move laterally with respect to the frame 53 and comprises a first longitudinal carriage 54 provided with two superimposed rows of rollers 55, 56 arranged to frame and come to roll along two horizontal guide rails 57, 58 secured to the frame. This longitudinal carriage 54 is equipped with a numerically controlled motor 59 provided with a pinion 60 meshing with a rack 61 fixed on the underside of the upper guide rail 57.
Ce dispositif d'usinage comprend, en outre, un chariot transversal 62, du type par exemple chariot linéaire à vis à billes, équipé d'un moteur à commande numérique 63, porté par le chariot longitudinal 54, et sur lequel est monté un dispositif de renvoi d'angle 64 à arbre de sortie vertical, actionné par un moteur à commande numérique 65.This machining device further comprises a transverse carriage 62, of the type for example linear ball screw carriage, equipped with a numerically controlled motor 63, carried by the longitudinal carriage 54, and on which a device is mounted angle gear 64 with vertical output shaft, actuated by a numerically controlled motor 65.
Ce dispositif d'usinage comprend, de plus, un bloc porte-outil 66 monté sur l'arbre de sortie du dispositif de renvoi d'angle 64, de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe vertical. En dernier lieu, ce dispositif comprend un outil constitué d'une fraise 67 entraînée par un moteur 68 dont l'arbre de rotation 69 est maintenu et guidé à l'intérieur d'un alésage horizontal ménagé dans le bloc porte-outil 66. Le dispositif de ponçage est quant à lui similaire dans son principe de fonctionnement au dispositif d'usinage et est adapté pour se déplacer au-dessus du bâti 53. Ce dispositif de ponçage est, en outre, décalé longitudinalement par rapport au dispositif d'usinage.This machining device further comprises a tool holder block 66 mounted on the output shaft of the bevel gear 64, so as to be able to pivot around a vertical axis. Finally, this device comprises a tool consisting of a cutter 67 driven by a motor 68 whose rotation shaft 69 is held and guided inside a horizontal bore formed in the tool holder block 66. The As for its sanding device, it is similar in principle to the machining device and is suitable for moving over the frame 53. This sanding device is, moreover, offset longitudinally with respect to the machining device.
Il comporte un chariot longitudinal 70 doté de deux rangées parallèles de galets 71 , 72 à axe vertical encadrant et roulant le long de deux rails 73, 74 solidaires d'une paroi longitudinale horizontale du bâtiIt comprises a longitudinal carriage 70 provided with two parallel rows of rollers 71, 72 with a vertical axis framing and rolling along two rails 73, 74 secured to a horizontal longitudinal wall of the frame
53.53.
Ce chariot longitudinal 70 est équipé d'un moteur à commande numérique 75 doté d'un pignon 76 engrenant avec une crémaillère 77 solidaire d'un flanc d'un des rails de guidage 74.This longitudinal carriage 70 is equipped with a numerically controlled motor 75 provided with a pinion 76 meshing with a rack 77 secured to a side of one of the guide rails 74.
Ce dispositif de ponçage comprend également un chariot transversal 78, du type par exemple chariot linéaire à vis à billes, équipé d'un moteur à commande numérique 79, dont le corps de chariot 80 est solidaire du chariot longitudinal 70, de façon que les colonnes 81 dudit chariot s'étendent verticalement et coulissent à l'intérieur dudit corps de chariot.This sanding device also comprises a transverse carriage 78, for example of the linear ball screw carriage type, equipped with a numerically controlled motor 79, the carriage body 80 of which is integral with the longitudinal carriage 70, so that the columns 81 of said carriage extend vertically and slide inside said carriage body.
Sur ce chariot transversal 78 est, en outre, monté un dispositif de renvoi d'angle 82 à arbre de sortie horizontal, actionné par un moteur à commande numérique 83, auquel est associé le bloc de ponçage 84.On this transverse carriage 78 is also mounted an angle transmission device 82 with a horizontal output shaft, actuated by a numerically controlled motor 83, with which the sanding block 84 is associated.
Selon cette variante de réalisation, le mouvement alternatif conféré à la fraise 67 et au bloc de ponçage 84 est intégré au déplacement longitudinal des chariots longitudinaux 54, 70, et ces déplacements longitudinaux sont donc synchronisés avec la rotation de la pièce à usiner commandée numériquement à cet effet.According to this alternative embodiment, the reciprocating movement imparted to the cutter 67 and to the sanding block 84 is integrated into the longitudinal movement of the longitudinal carriages 54, 70, and these longitudinal movements are therefore synchronized with the rotation of the workpiece digitally controlled to this effect.
La figure 12 représente une variante du dispositif ci-dessus décrit selon laquelle le mouvement alternatif axial est dissocié du déplacement longitudinal.FIG. 12 represents a variant of the device described above according to which the axial reciprocating movement is dissociated from the longitudinal displacement.
A cet effet, le bloc 85 porte-outil 85a est monté sur le corps de chariot 86 d'un chariot linéaire 87 lui-même monté sur un chariot transversal, schématisé en 88, ce chariot linéaire 87 comportant classiquement deux colonnes telles que 89 s'étendant entre deux entretoises telles que 90, et le corps de chariot 86 précité doté de douilles à billes.To this end, the tool holder block 85a 85a is mounted on the carriage body 86 of a linear carriage 87 itself mounted on a transverse carriage, shown diagrammatically at 88, this linear carriage 87 conventionally comprising two columns such as 89 s extending between two spacers such as 90, and the aforementioned carriage body 86 provided with ball bushings.
De plus, ce chariot linéaire 87 comporte un moteur à commande numérique 91 actionnant une vis a billes 92, et adapté pour synchroniser les déplacements du corps de chariot 86 avec la rotation de la pièce à usiner.In addition, this linear carriage 87 includes a numerically controlled motor 91 actuating a ball screw 92, and adapted to synchronize the movements of the carriage body 86 with the rotation of the workpiece.
Tel que représenté à la figure 13, de tels dispositifs d'usinage permettent notamment de modifier le profil de l'usinage selon les courbes d'accélération et de ralentissement de la vitesse V de déplacement alternatif conférée aux outils 67, 85a, ces courbes pouvant évoluer entre des formes extrêmes théoriques respectivement triangulaire et rectangulaire (pour une demi-alternance de déplacement), avec une forme intermédiaire classique sinusoïdale.As shown in FIG. 13, such machining devices make it possible in particular to modify the profile of the machining according to the acceleration and deceleration curves of the speed V of alternative displacement imparted to tools 67, 85a, these curves possibly evolve between theoretical extreme shapes, respectively triangular and rectangular (for half-wave displacement), with a classic sinusoidal intermediate shape.
De plus, de tels dispositifs d'usinage permettent de réaliser des pièces présentant plusieurs plans de symétrie en faisant subir à l'outil un mouvement alternatif dont la fréquence est multiple de la vitesse de rotation de la pièce à usiner. In addition, such machining devices make it possible to produce parts having several planes of symmetry by subjecting the tool to an alternating movement whose frequency is a multiple of the speed of rotation of the part to be machined.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ - Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce par enlèvement ou refoulement de matière au moyen d'au moins un outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a), selon lequel on soumet ladite pièce à usiner ou chaque outil à un mouvement de rotation autour d'un axe, caractérisé en ce que :1 / - Process for machining a workpiece by removing or discharging material using at least one tool (33; 67; 85a), according to which said workpiece or each tool is subjected to a rotational movement around an axis, characterized in that:
- on déplace longitudinale ent chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,- each tool (33; 67; 85a) is moved longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- on déplace, simultanément transversalement, chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation,- each tool (33; 67; 85a) is moved transversely simultaneously along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
- et en combinaison avec ces déplacements longitudinal et transversal, on déplace en translation la pièce et chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) relativement l'un par rapport à l'autre selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation de façon à conférer à l'un d'eux un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la rotation de la pièce.- And in combination with these longitudinal and transverse displacements, the part and each tool (33; 67; 85a) are moved in translation relatively relative to one another along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation so as to give one of them an alternating axial movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the rotation of the part.
2/ - Procédé d'usinage selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le mouvement de translation alternatif est conféré à la pièce à usiner.2 / - Machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating translational movement is imparted to the workpiece.
3/ - Procédé d'usinage selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le mouvement de translation alternatif est conféré à l'outil (67 ; 85a). 4/ - Procédé selon l'une des revendications3 / - Machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating translational movement is imparted to the tool (67; 85a). 4 / - Method according to one of claims
1 à 3 d'usinage de pièces de révolution (44) en vue notamment de former des portions de surface planes axées sur l'axe de rotation et d'inclinaison donnée par rapport à ce dernier, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait varier l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif en fonction de la position transversale de l'outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) de façon que cette dernière soit inversement proportionnelle à la distance entre ledit outil et l'axe de rotation, et soit nulle pour une position virtuelle de cet outil sur l'axe de rotation.1 to 3 for machining parts of revolution (44) with a view in particular to forming flat surface portions centered on the axis of rotation and of inclination given relative to the latter, characterized in that one varies the amplitude of the reciprocating movement as a function of the transverse position of the tool (33; 67; 85a) so that the latter is inversely proportional to the distance between said tool and the axis of rotation, and is zero for a position of this tool on the axis of rotation.
5/ - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 d'usinage par copiage selon lequel on utilise un gabarit tridimensionnel au contact duquel vient un palpeur de copiage, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait tourner ledit gabarit tridimensionnel avec une vitesse de rotation égale à celle de la vitesse de rotation de la pièce à usiner.5 / - Method according to one of claims 1 to 4 of machining by copying according to which a three-dimensional template is used in contact with which comes a probe copying machine, characterized in that said three-dimensional jig is rotated with a speed of rotation equal to that of the speed of rotation of the workpiece.
6/ - Dispositif d'usinage d'une pièce par enlèvement ou refoulement de matière au moyen d'au moins un outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a), comportant des moyens de maintien (6) de la pièce et des moyens (5, 7, 8) d'entraînement en rotation autour d'un axe desdits moyens de maintien ou de chaque outil, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ensemble d'usinage comportant :6 / - Device for machining a part by removing or discharging material by means of at least one tool (33; 67; 85a), comprising means (6) for holding the part and means (5, 7, 8) for driving in rotation about an axis of said holding means or of each tool, characterized in that it comprises a machining assembly comprising:
- des moyens (54) de déplacement longitudinal de chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation,- means (54) for longitudinal displacement of each tool (33; 67; 85a) along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation,
- des moyens (62 ; 88) de déplacement transversal de chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de translation,- means (62; 88) for transverse displacement of each tool (33; 67; 85a) along an axis orthogonal to the axis of translation,
- et des moyens (11 , 19 ; 54 ; 87) de déplacement en translation relative des moyens de maintien (6) et de chaque outil (33 ; 67 ; 85a) selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation, aptes à conférer à l'un deux, en combinaison avec les déplacements longitudinal et transversal de chaque outil, un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens d'entraînement en rotation (5, 7, 8). 7/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les moyens d'entraînement en rotation sont associés aux moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner, caractérisé en ce que :- And means (11, 19; 54; 87) for displacement in relative translation of the holding means (6) and of each tool (33; 67; 85a) along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation, capable of imparting to one of them, in combination with the longitudinal and transverse displacements of each tool, an axial reciprocating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation of the rotation drive means (5, 7, 8). 7 / - Machining device according to claim 6 wherein the rotational drive means are associated with the means for holding the workpiece, characterized in that:
- les moyens de déplacement longitudinal comprennent un chariot longitudinal (54) et des moyens- the longitudinal displacement means comprise a longitudinal carriage (54) and means
(59-61) d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot aptes à le déplacer parallèlement à l'axe de rotation en lui conférant, lors de ce déplacement longitudinal, un mouvement de translation alternatif axial d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens de maintien,(59-61) for translational drive of said carriage capable of moving it parallel to the axis of rotation by giving it, during this longitudinal displacement, an axial reciprocating translational movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation of the holding means,
- les moyens de déplacement transversal comprennent un chariot transversal (62) portant un outil (67) et monté sur le chariot longitudinal (54), et des moyens (63) d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot transversal relativement audit chariot longitudinal selon un axe orthogonal a l'axe de rotation. 8/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un bloc porte-outil (66) fixe en translation par rapport au chariot transversal (62), et des moyens (64, 65) de pivotement dudit bloc porte-outil autour d'un axe, dit vertical, orthogonal aux axes de déplacement longitudinal et transversal .- The transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage (62) carrying a tool (67) and mounted on the longitudinal carriage (54), and means (63) for driving in translation said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation. 8 / - Machining device according to claim 6 characterized in that it comprises a tool holder block (66) fixed in translation relative to the transverse carriage (62), and means (64, 65) for pivoting said block tool holder around an axis, said to be vertical, orthogonal to the axes of longitudinal and transverse displacement.
9/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les moyens d'entraînement en rotation sont associés aux moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner caractérisé en ce que :9 / - Machining device according to claim 6 in which the rotation drive means are associated with the means for holding the workpiece characterized in that:
- les moyens de déplacement longitudinal comprennent un chariot longitudinal (62) et des moyens (59-61) d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot le long d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation, - les moyens de déplacement transversal comprennent un chariot transversal (88) monté sur le chariot longitudinal (62) et des moyens d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot transversal relativement audit chariot longitudinal selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation,- the longitudinal displacement means comprise a longitudinal carriage (62) and means (59-61) for driving in translation said carriage along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation, - the transverse displacement means comprise a transverse carriage (88) mounted on the longitudinal carriage (62) and means for driving in translation said transverse carriage relative to said longitudinal carriage along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
- les moyens de déplacement en translation relative des moyens de maintien et de l'outil (85a) comprennent un chariot porte-outil (87) monté sur le chariot transversal (88) et des moyens (91, 92) d'entraînement en translation dudit chariot porte-outil relativement audit chariot transversal aptes à le déplacer parallèlement à l'axe de rotation avec un mouvement alternatif d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation. 10/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ensemble de ponçage doté d'un outil de ponçage (84) et décalé longitudinale ent par rapport à l'ensemble d'usinage, ledit ensemble de ponçage comportant :the means of displacement in relative translation of the holding means and of the tool (85a) comprise a tool-carrying carriage (87) mounted on the transverse carriage (88) and means (91, 92) for driving in translation of said tool-carrying carriage relative to said transverse carriage capable of moving it parallel to the axis of rotation with an alternating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation. 10 / - Machining device according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterized in that it comprises a sanding assembly provided with a sanding tool (84) and offset longitudinally ent relative to the assembly machining, said sanding assembly comprising:
- des moyens (70) de déplacement longitudinal de l'outil de ponçage (84) selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation, - des moyens (78) de déplacement transversal de l'outil de ponçage (84) selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de rotation,- Means (70) for longitudinal displacement of the sanding tool (84) along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation, - Means (78) for transverse displacement of the sanding tool (84) along an axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
- et des moyens (70) de déplacement longitudinal de l'outil de ponçage (84) selon un mouvement alternatif d'amplitude variable synchronisé avec la vitesse de rotation des moyens de maintien de la pièce à usiner.- And means (70) for longitudinal displacement of the sanding tool (84) in an alternating movement of variable amplitude synchronized with the speed of rotation of the means for holding the workpiece.
11/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon les revendications 8 et 10 prises ensemble caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de ponçage comprend des moyens (82, 83) de pivotement de l'outil de ponçage (84) autour d'un axe orthogonal aux axes de déplacement longitudinal et transversal.11 / - Machining device according to claims 8 and 10 taken together characterized in that the sanding assembly comprises means (82, 83) for pivoting the sanding tool (84) about an axis orthogonal to longitudinal and transverse axes of movement.
12/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les moyens (5, 7, 8) d'entraînement en rotation des moyens de maintien (6) comprennent un arbre moteur (5), caractérisé en ce que les moyens de déplacement en translation relative desdits moyens de maintien et de l'outil comportent :12 / - Machining device according to claim 6 wherein the means (5, 7, 8) for rotating the holding means (6) comprises a motor shaft (5), characterized in that the displacement means in relative translation of said holding means and of the tool comprise:
. un anneau (11) disposé autour de l'arbre moteur (5), articulé sur un bâti (2) par l'intermédiaire de pivots (12, 13) aptes à lui permettre de pivoter relativement à l'arbre moteur (5) autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit arbre moteur,. a ring (11) disposed around the motor shaft (5), articulated on a frame (2) by means of pivots (12, 13) capable of allowing it to pivot relative to the motor shaft (5) around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft,
. des moyens (14-18 ; 35-43) d'inclinaison de l'anneau (11) autour de son axe de pivotement, un organe de guidage (19) lié en translation à un des éléments, outil ou moyens de maintien, agencé de façon que l'anneau (11) coulisse à l'intérieur dudit organe de guidage lors de sa rotation, en vue de transmettre à l'élément lié en translation à cet organe, un mouvement alternatif axial d'amplitude fonction de l'inclinaison de l'anneau.. means (14-18; 35-43) for tilting the ring (11) around its pivot axis, a guide member (19) connected in translation to one of the elements, tool or holding means, arranged so that the ring (11) slides inside said guide member during its rotation, with a view to transmitting to the element linked in translation to this member, an axial reciprocating movement of amplitude as a function of the inclination of the ring.
13/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce que les pivots (12, 13) sont montés dans des paliers solidarisés d'une couronne, dite mobile, axée par rapport à l'arbre moteur (5) et montée rotative à l'intérieur d'une deuxième couronne, dite fixe, solidarisée au bâti (2), de façon à pouvoir tourner autour de l'axe de rotation dudit arbre moteur, ladite couronne fixe comportant des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de ladite couronne mobile.13 / - Machining device according to claim 12 characterized in that the pivots (12, 13) are mounted in bearings secured to a crown, called movable, oriented relative to the motor shaft (5) and rotatably mounted inside a second crown , said to be fixed, secured to the frame (2), so as to be able to rotate about the axis of rotation of said drive shaft, said fixed crown comprising means for driving in rotation of said movable crown.
14/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 13 caractérisé en ce que l'organe de guidage consiste en une chape (19) de largeur conjuguée du diamètre de la section de l'anneau (11), ladite chape étant portée par un pivot (22) de façon à pouvoir pivoter autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de l'arbre moteur (5) .14 / - Machining device according to one of claims 12 or 13 characterized in that the guide member consists of a yoke (19) of conjugate width of the diameter of the section of the ring (11), said yoke being carried by a pivot (22) so as to be able to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor shaft (5).
15/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 14 caractérisé en ce que l'organe de guidage (19) est monté sur l'arbre moteur (5) de façon à conférer à ce dernier un mouvement alternatif axial. 16/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14 caractérisé en ce que l'organe de guidage (19) est monté sur des moyens de déplacement de l'outil, tels qu'une vis-mère, de façon à conférer à ces derniers un mouvement alternatif axial. 17/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon l'une des revendications 12 à 16 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inclinaison de l'anneau (11) comprennent un levier (14 ; 35) solidaire d'un des pivots (13), et des moyens (15-18 ; 36-43) de pivotement dudit levier. 18/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 17 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de pivotement (36-43) du levier (35) sont asservis à des moyens de relevé de la position de l'outil relativement à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre moteur (5), et sont adaptés pour faire varier l'inclinaison dudit levier en fonction de la position transversale de l'outil, de façon que l'amplitude du mouvement alternatif soit inversement proportionnelle à la distance entre l'outil et l'axe de rotation, et soit nulle pour une position virtuelle de l'outil sur ledit axe de rotation.15 / - Machining device according to one of claims 12 or 14 characterized in that the guide member (19) is mounted on the drive shaft (5) so as to give the latter an axial reciprocating movement. 16 / - Machining device according to one of claims 12 to 14 characterized in that the guide member (19) is mounted on means for moving the tool, such as a lead screw, so to give them a reciprocating axial movement. 17 / - Machining device according to one of claims 12 to 16 characterized in that the tilting means of the ring (11) comprise a lever (14; 35) integral with one of the pivots (13), and means (15-18; 36-43) for pivoting said lever. 18 / - Machining device according to claim 17 characterized in that the pivot means (36-43) of the lever (35) are controlled by means for recording the position of the tool relative to the axis of rotation of the motor shaft (5), and are adapted to vary the inclination of said lever as a function of the transverse position of the tool, so that the amplitude of the reciprocating movement is inversely proportional to the distance between the tool and the axis of rotation, and be zero for a virtual position of the tool on said axis of rotation.
19/ - Dispositif d'usinage selon la revendication 18 caractérisé en ce que le levier (35) est doté d'une lumière longitudinale (36), les moyens de pivotement dudit levier comprenant un vérin (37) dont l'état est asservi aux moyens de relevé de la position transversale de l'outil, ledit vérin comportant :19 / - Machining device according to claim 18 characterized in that the lever (35) is provided with a longitudinal light (36), the means for pivoting said lever comprising a jack (37) whose state is controlled by means for recording the transverse position of the tool, said cylinder comprising:
. une tige (37a) portant un axe (38) monté coulissant à l'intérieur de la lumière (36) du levier (35), et associée à des moyens de guidage aptes à absorber les efforts latéraux,. a rod (37a) carrying an axis (38) slidably mounted inside the opening (36) of the lever (35), and associated with guide means capable of absorbing lateral forces,
. un corps (37b) solidaire d'un levier de positionnement (39) articulé autour d'un axe (40) solidaire du bâti (2) et coaxial avec l'axe (38) porté par la tige de vérin (37a), dans la position déployée dudit vérin, ledit levier de positionnement (39) étant associé à des moyens de réglage (42, 43) de sa position angulaire par rapport au bâti (2) 20/ - Objet décoratif caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé selon un procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5. . a body (37b) secured to a positioning lever (39) articulated around an axis (40) secured to the frame (2) and coaxial with the axis (38) carried by the jack rod (37a), in the deployed position of said jack, said positioning lever (39) being associated with adjustment means (42, 43) of its angular position relative to the frame (2) 20 / - Decorative object characterized in that it is produced according to a method according to one of claims 1 to 5.
EP95925890A 1994-07-18 1995-07-17 Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts Withdrawn EP0771247A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9408957A FR2722439B1 (en) 1994-07-18 1994-07-18 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MACHINING A WORKPIECE BY REMOVING OR DISCHARGE OF MATERIAL, AND WORKPIECES ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS
FR9408957 1994-07-18
PCT/FR1995/000950 WO1996002354A1 (en) 1994-07-18 1995-07-17 Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0771247A1 true EP0771247A1 (en) 1997-05-07

Family

ID=9465561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95925890A Withdrawn EP0771247A1 (en) 1994-07-18 1995-07-17 Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0771247A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2193696A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2722439B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996002354A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR874109A (en) * 1940-11-05 1942-07-29 Argus Motoren Gmbh Method and device for machining air propeller hubs
GB564587A (en) * 1943-01-13 1944-10-04 Wilfrid Weatherston Watkins An apparatus for cutting pipes or for marking off pipes preparatory to cutting them
DE843344C (en) * 1948-11-26 1952-12-11 Emil Mauritz Dipl-I Huennebeck Method and device for cutting pipes
DE944915C (en) * 1954-03-11 1956-06-28 Esslingen Maschf Device for producing tulip-shaped welding seams for pipe holes in curved metal sheets
GB811078A (en) * 1956-02-20 1959-04-02 David Davidson Improvements relating to the cutting of oil grooves by means of lathes
US3204533A (en) * 1963-04-11 1965-09-07 Farrel Corp Machine tool servo system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9602354A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996002354A1 (en) 1996-02-01
CA2193696A1 (en) 1996-02-01
FR2722439B1 (en) 1996-11-22
FR2722439A1 (en) 1996-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0057136B1 (en) Spinning apparatus
FR2701228A1 (en) Machine for milling, drilling, facing, molding and polishing stones or similar material.
EP0090744A1 (en) Machine comprising an annnular saw for cutting-off tubes
EP0055648B1 (en) Machine for work-pieces having a curved surface of a given shape
WO1996002354A1 (en) Method and device for machining a workpiece by cutting or upsetting, and resulting machined parts
EP0015300A1 (en) Method for turning and lathe for carrying out this method
EP0627969B1 (en) Hopping method and device by means of a milling knife
FR2752760A1 (en) MACHINING UNIT WITH ROTATING HEAD
FR2860448A1 (en) Machine tool for part manufacture, has work-holder rotated around vertical axis by driving unit arranged in bed rotated along horizontal axis, and machining system with grinding wheel and barrel structure moving along three axes
EP3837074B1 (en) Orbital drilling device
EP0473739B1 (en) Device for straightening a wire
FR2483294A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FIGURING AND MAKING ENVELOPES AND SURFACES OF HOLLOW BODIES WITH EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL CONICITY
WO1982001334A1 (en) Automatic lathe with digital control unit
FR2481169A1 (en) Miller with adjustable radial tool offset - has tool spindle offset in casing itself offset rotatably in adaptor plate
FR2523495A1 (en) PROCESS FOR OBTAINING THE WORKING SURFACE OF A CAM BY RECTIFICATION AND MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
EP1693150A1 (en) Relief grinding device for axial and radial machining
FR2555483A1 (en) Gear tooth flank grinding machine
FR2503608A1 (en) DEVICE FOR MACHINING CONICAL SURFACES BY ELECTRO-EROSION
FR2459098A1 (en) Lathe for production of tapered shaft - uses lateral tool slide on longitudinal slide and driven gear train with input from pulley rolling on piano wire
FR2639457A1 (en) Method and apparatus for gouging segments of reed for the purpose of manufacturing double reeds for musical instruments
FR2725394A1 (en) Machine tool for shaping of workpieces to predetermined profile
CH331912A (en) Process for the finishing by scraping of the sides of a toothed wheel and machine for the implementation of this process
CH365968A (en) Process for edging lenses or spectacle lenses and device for carrying out this process
BE452068A (en)
FR2602165A3 (en) Device for machining or checking components or tools with a spherical or grooved bearing surface

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19961219

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970617

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19980430