EP0767870A1 - Vorrichtung für eine brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Vorrichtung für eine brennkraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP0767870A1 EP0767870A1 EP95935850A EP95935850A EP0767870A1 EP 0767870 A1 EP0767870 A1 EP 0767870A1 EP 95935850 A EP95935850 A EP 95935850A EP 95935850 A EP95935850 A EP 95935850A EP 0767870 A1 EP0767870 A1 EP 0767870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- throttle valve
- internal combustion
- throttle
- housing
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
- F02D9/1065—Mechanical control linkage between an actuator and the flap, e.g. including levers, gears, springs, clutches, limit stops of the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
- F02D2400/18—Packaging of the electronic circuit in a casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2.
- a device is already known (EP-PS 0 317 813) which has a throttle element which is in the form of a throttle valve in a throttle valve connector is rotatably housed. There is an electric one to adjust the throttle valve
- Throttle valve actuator is provided, which rotates the throttle valve via a reduction gear.
- Such electric motor-driven devices are part of an electronic engine power control (EMS) for internal combustion engines, in which an electronic control unit evaluates the accelerator pedal position detected by a pedal travel sensor in order to control the electric throttle valve servomotor in accordance with the accelerator pedal position, so that the throttle valve assumes a certain rotational position.
- the electronic engine power control (EMS) is able to specifically change the rotational position of the throttle valve depending on various operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. Among other things, this enables a metered adjustment of the engine torque, so that it is also possible to carry out a so-called traction control system (ASR).
- ASR traction control system
- the traction control system is the one expressed by the accelerator pedal position of the accelerator pedal Corrected driver's request that when starting by a targeted withdrawal of the rotational position of the throttle valve, a spinning of the wheels of a motor vehicle driven by the internal combustion engine is prevented.
- the electronic engine power control is part of a higher-level electronic engine control system which, in addition to the main functions of mixture formation and electrical ignition, also introduces fuel vapors into the engine by means of a regeneration valve
- the regeneration valve is part of a fuel evaporation retention system of a fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, in which the fuel vapors of a fuel tank are first temporarily stored in an adsorption filter, for example, and then introduced into the throttle valve neck by means of the regeneration valve.
- the engine control system requires a large amount of information about important operating parameters of the
- the engine control system has several individual components, which essentially comprise the electronic control unit, the throttle element, the throttle valve servomotor, the regeneration valve and the air mass meter. These individual components have so far been in individual housings, for example on the engine in the
- the device according to the invention for an internal combustion engine with the characterizing features of claim 1 and claim 2 has the advantage that a compact component is created that is inexpensive to manufacture and that is particularly easy to attach to the motor vehicle as a prefabricated and pre-tested unit .
- the elimination of the otherwise customary individual housings and their electrical connecting lines and electrical plug connections advantageously results in further cost savings.
- Connection lines and electrical connectors increase the operational safety and reliability of the device.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a device according to a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the device according to a 4 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 3.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show a device identified by 1, which as a functional unit is part of an electronic engine power control (EMS) of a superordinate engine control system for an internal combustion engine, not shown.
- the device 1 is intended for use in particular for mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
- the device 1 essentially comprises a throttle element 2, an electric throttle valve servomotor 3, an electronic control unit 4, a regeneration valve 5 and / or an air mass meter 20.
- the regeneration valve 5 is part of a fuel evaporation retention system of a fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, the structure and function of which is so , as can be seen, for example, from Bosch Technical Instruction, Motor Management Motronic, 2nd edition, August 1993, on pages 48 and 49.
- the disclosure of the above-mentioned document is intended to be part of the present application.
- the device 1 has a housing 10 which is made, for example, of plastic or aluminum, for example using casting technology.
- the device 1 or the housing 10 has a tubular, elongated shape which is essentially formed by a throttle valve connector 11.
- Throttle valve connector 11 has a flange part 12 on an end area facing the internal combustion engine, which has a cuboid shape, for example.
- the throttle valve 2 is in the throttle valve 11 in particular in the Flange part 12 is rotatably accommodated and has, for example, the shape of a throttle valve 2 shown in dashed lines in FIGS
- Throttle valve connector 11 flows in the figures 1 to 4 from top to bottom. The direction of flow is identified by corresponding arrows 8 in FIGS. 1 to 4.
- the flange part 12 also serves
- four openings 17, for example, are excluded from the flange part 12, into which screws can be inserted for screwing on the device 1.
- the engine power of the internal combustion engine is known to be controlled by rotating the throttle valve 2 in the throttle valve connector 11, so that more or less air flows past the throttle valve 2.
- the throttled air is mixed with fuel by means of at least one fuel injection valve in order to obtain a fuel-air mixture which then burns in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
- the electric throttle valve servomotor 3 is provided, which in the energized state drives a throttle valve shaft 14 connected to the throttle valve 2, for example via a reduction gear.
- the control of the throttle valve motor 3 is carried out by means of the electronic control unit 4, for example with a
- Pedal travel sensor is connected.
- the pedal travel sensor detects the driver's desire for engine power expressed by the accelerator pedal position of an accelerator pedal and transmits this in the form of electrical signals to the electronic control unit 4.
- the electronic control unit 4 then actuates the electric throttle valve servomotor 3 so that the throttle valve 2 assumes a certain rotational position which corresponds to the driver's request and is adapted to the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine.
- Flange part 12 designed and acting on the throttle valve shaft 14 reset device 27 ensures that there is always a reset of the throttle valve 2, for example in a predetermined idle or shut-off position in the event of a failure of the throttle valve servomotor 3.
- the electronic control unit 4 also performs far-reaching functions of a superordinate electronic engine control.
- the electronic engine control also controls the quantity and time-limited introduction of fuel vapors by means of the regeneration valve 5.
- the regeneration valve 5 is part of a fuel evaporation retention system of a fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, which, for example, has an adsorption filter for the intermediate supply of the has in the fuel tank outgassing fuel vapors to this only in certain operating areas of the
- the electronic control unit 4 of the engine control system requires a large amount of information about important operating variables of the internal combustion engine, which are provided by sensors and fed to the electronic control unit 4 for evaluation.
- An important sensor is the air mass meter 20, which determines the air mass drawn in by the internal combustion engine in the throttle valve connector 11.
- the electric throttle valve actuator 3 has an elongated cylindrical shape.
- the throttle valve servomotor 3 is accommodated in a correspondingly cylindrical motor housing part 15, which is part of the housing 10 of the device 1.
- the motor housing part 15 extends on the flange part 12 transversely to the throttle valve connector 11 and merges in one piece into a box-shaped housing part 16 of the housing 10. As shown in FIG.
- the box-shaped housing part 16 houses several components, at least the electronic control unit 4, the throttle valve servomotor 3 and a connector strip 22.
- the main component of the electronic control unit 4 is a substrate 21 on which one A large number of electrical components, for example in hybrid construction, are applied. One or more plugs can be plugged onto the connector strip 22 for making contact and for supplying power to the control unit 4.
- the substrate 21 is accommodated in the box-shaped housing part 16 in close proximity to the throttle valve connector 11 in order to dissipate the heat generated during operation of the control device 4 from the air flowing in the throttle valve connector 11 in good thermal contact. As shown in FIG.
- the box-shaped housing part 16 can be closed tightly by a cover 18 that can be placed on it, so that no water, contaminants or the like can penetrate into the box-shaped housing part 16.
- the closure cover 18 thereby omits the connector strip 22 held, for example, on the substrate 21, which, for example, can protrude somewhat from the closure cover 18 when the closure cover 18 is in place.
- the closure cover 18 is not shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. It is also possible to attach the connector strip 22 to the sealing cover 18 or to integrate it into the cover 18 and, for example, to electrically connect the connector strip 22 to the substrate 21 provide flexible, multi-core cable tie. In order to establish an electrical connection with electrical components provided on the substrate 21, the cable strip is electrically connected at one end to the plug cover 21 on a side of the closure cover 18 facing the substrate 21 and at its other end to the electrical components of the substrate 21 led.
- the regeneration valve 5 is for example by means of an
- the regeneration valve 5 is connected, for example, to the adsorption filter of the fuel evaporation retention system of the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine via a hose line, not shown.
- the regeneration valve 5 introduces the fuel vapors of the fuel tank in a metered manner into the throttle valve connector 11, preferably downstream of the throttle valve 2, via a hose line 23 that is visible in FIG.
- the regeneration valve 5 is electromagnetically actuated and has a structure which can be found, for example, in DE-OS 40 23 044 and which is therefore not described in more detail below.
- the regeneration valve 5 can be controlled by the electronic control unit 4, for which purpose it is electrically connected to the electronic control unit 4 via an electrical plug (not shown in more detail), for example via the plug connector 22.
- the device 1 can be equipped with the air mass meter 20.
- the air mass meter 20 has, for example, a structure which can be found in DE-OS 38 44 354 and has an elongated shape.
- the air mass meter 20 is, for example, approximately in the middle of the Elongated extension of the throttle valve connector 11, for example, inserted into a molded part 25 on the throttle valve connector 11 and, with its measuring part 26 shown in FIG. 3, projects approximately into the middle of the flow cross section delimited by the throttle valve connector 11 in order to determine the air mass flowing through the flow cross section.
- the air mass meter 20 is connected to the electronic control unit 4, for example via the plug connector 22, via an electrical connection line (not shown).
- the device 1 By accommodating several components according to the invention in or on a common housing 10, in particular the throttle body 2, the electronic control unit 4 and the regeneration valve 5 and the air mass meter 20, a compact structural unit is created, the functions of several individual components advantageously in a common unit integrated.
- the device 1 is completely producible and testable in preassembly, so that for the final assembly on the internal combustion engine, for example, only the screw connection has to be attached to the cylinder head.
- a large number of otherwise conventional plug connections and electrical connecting lines, in particular to the electronic control unit 4 can be dispensed with, which results in a high level of operational reliability and reliability of the device 1.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second exemplary embodiment according to the invention, in which all the same or equivalent parts are identified by the same reference numerals of the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the regeneration valve 5 is not means a bracket 19 attached to the throttle valve 11, but housed in the box-shaped housing part 16 at the bottom 24, for example by means of a clip or a snap connection.
- the accommodation of the regeneration valve 5 is provided in the box-shaped housing part 16 such that the fuel vapors are directly introduced into the throttle valve connector 11 downstream of the throttle valve 2 via an opening in the bottom 24, the hose connection 23 shown in the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 advantageously being omitted .
- the air mass meter 20 can also be accommodated in the box-shaped housing part 16. Part of the air mass measuring body protrudes through an opening in the bottom 24 of the box-shaped housing part 16 into the flow cross section of the throttle valve connector 11.
- Throttle body 11 limited flow cross-section.
- the common accommodation of the regeneration valve 5 and the air mass meter 20 in the box-shaped housing part 16 enables a particularly simple design of the electrical connection paths, in particular to the electronic control unit 4.
- the electrical connection can be made, for example, by conductor tracks applied to the substrate 21, which, for example, solder the regeneration valve 5 and the air mass meter 20 via the conductor tracks with the electronic components on the
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4443502 | 1994-12-07 | ||
DE4443502A DE4443502A1 (de) | 1994-12-07 | 1994-12-07 | Vorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
PCT/DE1995/001534 WO1996018028A1 (de) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-11-07 | Vorrichtung für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0767870A1 true EP0767870A1 (de) | 1997-04-16 |
EP0767870B1 EP0767870B1 (de) | 1999-08-04 |
Family
ID=6535122
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95935850A Expired - Lifetime EP0767870B1 (de) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-11-07 | Vorrichtung für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5718202A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0767870B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09508954A (de) |
KR (1) | KR970700817A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1067140C (de) |
DE (2) | DE4443502A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2140555C1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW285699B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996018028A1 (de) |
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DE19644169A1 (de) | 1996-10-24 | 1998-04-30 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Lastverstelleinrichtung |
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DE19728349A1 (de) | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Telefunken Microelectron | Sensoranordnung und Motorsteuerungseinrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
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US6182633B1 (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2001-02-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Integrated throttle body and intake manifold spacer module |
US6158417A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-12-12 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Throttle body accomodation of either an idle air control valve or a motorized throttle control |
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US6557523B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2003-05-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Electronic throttle body with insert molded actuator motor |
US6347613B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-02-19 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Electronic throttle control mechanism with integrated modular construction |
US6386178B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-05-14 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Electronic throttle control mechanism with gear alignment and mesh maintenance system |
DE10048937A1 (de) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Drosselklappenstelleinheit |
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DE10133294A1 (de) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Drosselklappenstutzen |
JP4794769B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-02 | 2011-10-19 | 株式会社ミクニ | エンジン制御装置、ECU(ElectronicControlUnit)およびECUケース |
DE10138060A1 (de) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Drosselvorrichtung mit Antriebsaufnahme und Antriebskontaktierung |
DE10147333A1 (de) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Variantenreduzierte Drosseleinrichtung mit austauschbaren Gehäuseteilen |
JP4282938B2 (ja) | 2002-03-06 | 2009-06-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 制御回路モジュール |
DE10227568A1 (de) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-08 | Siemens Ag | Deckeleinheit für einen Stellantrieb |
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JP4349976B2 (ja) | 2004-06-16 | 2009-10-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エンジンの吸気制御装置 |
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JP4464874B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2010-05-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 気化器用電子制御装置 |
JP2007239560A (ja) | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-20 | Mikuni Corp | エンジン制御装置および二輪車 |
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DE8715467U1 (de) * | 1987-11-21 | 1989-03-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 70469 Stuttgart | Vorrichtung zum Betätigen einer Drosselklappe |
DE3844354C2 (de) * | 1988-12-30 | 1995-11-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Meßvorrichtung zur Messung der Masse eines strömenden Mediums |
JP2694664B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-07 | 1997-12-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 熱線式空気流量計及び該流量計を備えた内燃機関 |
US4995369A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-02-26 | Siemens-Bendix Automotive Electronics Limited | Regulated flow canister purge system |
DE4023044A1 (de) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-01-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ventil zum dosierten zumischen von verfluechtigtem kraftstoff zum kraftstoffluftgemisch einer brennkraftmaschine |
DE4112981A1 (de) * | 1991-04-20 | 1992-10-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung zur messung der masse eines stroemenden, gasfoermigen mediums |
DE9317797U1 (de) * | 1993-11-20 | 1994-02-03 | Ab Elektronik Gmbh, 59368 Werne | Drosselklappenanordnung |
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 DE DE4443502A patent/DE4443502A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-10-28 TW TW084111427A patent/TW285699B/zh active
- 1995-11-07 DE DE59506537T patent/DE59506537D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-07 CN CN95191110A patent/CN1067140C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-07 JP JP8517229A patent/JPH09508954A/ja active Pending
- 1995-11-07 WO PCT/DE1995/001534 patent/WO1996018028A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-07 RU RU96118103A patent/RU2140555C1/ru active
- 1995-11-07 US US08/693,192 patent/US5718202A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-07 EP EP95935850A patent/EP0767870B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-23 KR KR1019960703949A patent/KR970700817A/ko active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9618028A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4443502A1 (de) | 1996-06-13 |
CN1067140C (zh) | 2001-06-13 |
TW285699B (de) | 1996-09-11 |
CN1137820A (zh) | 1996-12-11 |
RU2140555C1 (ru) | 1999-10-27 |
KR970700817A (ko) | 1997-02-12 |
JPH09508954A (ja) | 1997-09-09 |
US5718202A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
EP0767870B1 (de) | 1999-08-04 |
WO1996018028A1 (de) | 1996-06-13 |
DE59506537D1 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
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