EP0758571B1 - Process and tool for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank - Google Patents

Process and tool for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0758571B1
EP0758571B1 EP96112436A EP96112436A EP0758571B1 EP 0758571 B1 EP0758571 B1 EP 0758571B1 EP 96112436 A EP96112436 A EP 96112436A EP 96112436 A EP96112436 A EP 96112436A EP 0758571 B1 EP0758571 B1 EP 0758571B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
axis
edge
axes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96112436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0758571B8 (en
EP0758571B2 (en
EP0758571A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Diehl
Ronald Lautz
Karl-Heinz Tross
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Satisloh GmbH
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Loh Optikmaschinen AG
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Application filed by Loh Optikmaschinen AG filed Critical Loh Optikmaschinen AG
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/06Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses, the tool or work being controlled by information-carrying means, e.g. patterns, punched tapes, magnetic tapes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B11/00Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • Y10T409/303808Process including infeeding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/304536Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307448Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work with work holder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating a concave surface from a lens blank, accordingly the preamble of claim 1, and also includes tools to carry out the process on hard and brittle Plastic existing eyeglass lens blanks.
  • the invention has for its object a method of im
  • the task of the invention also includes the provision of tools particularly suitable for carrying out the process.
  • the task is given by the features of the claim 1 solved.
  • Advantageous further developments of the method are specified in subclaims 2 to 5 and below also explained in more detail.
  • Especially for the execution of the procedure suitable tools are specified in claims 6 and 7, of which claim 6, the tool training for brittle hard Materials and claim 7, the tool training for plastic materials includes.
  • the grooving process involves very high machining or Grinding performance possible, so that the majority of the to be removed Blank material is quickly removed.
  • the continuously the piercing or immersion process saves you from having to the known method necessary multiple cuts in the case thick lens blanks.
  • Already during the grooving process achieves a surface at least in the area of the outer edge, that of the target outer contour of the optically effective inner lens surface equivalent.
  • the method according to the invention enables the generation of high accuracy Surfaces.
  • everyone in the Spectacle lens optics are generated, namely toric, prismatic, decentered, multifocal or atoric Surfaces on glasses and plastics.
  • Claim 2 integrated an edge processing process, which does not only thin, comfortable glasses can be made, but for the later fitting of the glasses into the glasses frame also a reduction in working hours with less tool wear reached on the side of the eyewear manufacturer.
  • the advantage for the process user is that a lower one Stock of semi-finished glasses with different Diameters is made possible.
  • the workpiece circumferential edge is provided with a facet should, can also be a faceting operation according to claim 4 be switched on in the procedure, so that when making of a border machining process a total of four immediately consecutive Operations with only one clamping or Blocking of the workpiece can be carried out on this.
  • this angle is set to 105 ° according to claim 5, i.e. when the workpiece axis b is arranged vertically, the tool axis c to the horizontal at an angle of only 15 ° sloping. At this angle, it can while performing the grinding or milling process, even with very strongly concave curved eyeglass lens surfaces do not cause a collision between the tool spindle or the tool shaft and the lens rim come.
  • the grinding tool specified in claim 6 for implementation is due to the procedure on a brittle hard lens blank the special design of the grinding lip is very advantageous, because the cutting edge geometry remains constant even with wear remains. Only the diameter of the tool increases due to wear from what is easily measured by measuring the thickness of the ground Glasses and subsequent accounting in the control program can be compensated.
  • the milling tool according to claim 7 for performing the method is on a plastic eyeglass lens blank with regard to its Rotational form disc-shaped, with individual milling cutters are distributed around the circumference.
  • the cutting performance this milling tool, in which the cutting edges give a shape Defining the toric envelope is high.
  • the service life of the cutting edges can advantageously be increased, if the cutting inserts of the milling tool that have the cutting edges are rotatably attached according to claim 8. On this way, several areas of the cutting plates can be moved in succession be turned into a working position before the Replacing inserts for wear or their Rework outer diameter.
  • the tool 2 is coaxial with a spindle 4 via a shaft 3 attached, rotating via an electric motor 5 and in the Speed is driven adjustable.
  • the workpiece 1 is on one Blocked workpiece holder 6, which is concentric on a spindle 7 is attached.
  • the spindle 7 is driven by a servo motor 8 numerically controlled rotatably driven.
  • Workpiece 1, tool holder 6, spindle 7 and motor 8 and all associated unspecified parts are on one Coordinate device attached to the machine and can therefore together on mutually perpendicular linear movement axes x and y are moved.
  • the common central axis of parts 1, 6, 7 and 8 coincides with the rotational movement axis b of the workpiece 1 together.
  • the tool 2, the shaft 3, the spindle 4 and the motor 5 common central axis coincides with the rotational movement axis c of tool 2 and a tool setting axis z (Fig. 1) together.
  • the linear movement axes x, y and the rotational movement axis b are CNC-controlled, while the Rotational movement axis c is only adjustable in speed.
  • the axis z only serves the one shifting on the rotational movement axis c Tool setting 2. Since all CNC axes in the Workpiece spindle are combined, there is a simple loading. The workpiece can be in a defined loading and unloading position be driven, so that even simple handling devices can be used for automatic workpiece change.
  • the tool spindle 4 with the attached tool 2 and the associated electric motor 5 as well as all other associated Parts not specified can be retained of the design angle ⁇ for adjusting the tool 2 onto the center of the workpiece 1 perpendicular to the x movement axis be adjusted.
  • the above are adjustable parts via a support arm 9 with a guide carriage 10 rigidly connected in the specified direction of adjustment slidably mounted on a guide bed 11 of the machine is. Between the guide carriage 10 and the guide bed 11 is effective for adjusting a threaded spindle 12, the on the one hand rotatable but axially immovable on the guide bed 11 is stored and on the other hand in a corresponding thread of the Guide carriage 10 engages.
  • the grinding tool is disc-shaped with an annular grinding lip on its periphery 13 trained. From the front of the asymmetrically trained Starting from the grinding lip 13, its radius increases towards the spindle 4, with its largest radius in a circular shaping cutting edge 14 runs out.
  • the process is this shaping cutting edge on the workpiece so that they are approximately radial to the center of the workpiece is directed.
  • the one on the spindle side the rear edge 15 of the grinding lip 13 opening the cutting edge 14 is taking into account the design angle ⁇ designed so that the rear surface to the tool rotation axis c runs at the angle ⁇ .
  • the deepest Point 16 is always in the plane of the two linear ones Movement axes x and y. This is in a comparison 3 and 4 clearly.
  • the cutting edge 14 is always through determines the largest radius of the grinding lip and is also at progressive tool wear always approximately radial to the center of the workpiece. 4 is next to that in full lines shown wear contour also the new contour of the Tool drawn in dashed lines. Based on these The cutting edge is sharpened due to the special tool geometry during the grinding process itself, so that the shape is not impaired for the surface to be processed. The reduction of the cutting edge radius due to wear can easily be taken into account in the machine's computer program become.
  • the grinding material of the grinding lip 13 consists of finely divided Diamond particles.
  • the grinding lip 13 either made of sintered material, in which the diamond particles are embedded, or the finely divided diamond particles are galvanically bonded to the ring-shaped grinding lip 13 applied.
  • the milling tool 2 'is relative its rotational shape is disc-shaped.
  • At the outer ends of the support arms 17 are in diameter matching inserts 19 attached.
  • the ring edges 20 of the cutting inserts 19 are radial to the axis of rotation c of the milling tool 2 'aligned and define a shape toric envelope, indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5 is indicated.
  • the toric envelope is related to it from its largest radius, the plane is approximately radial to Center of the workpiece.
  • the lowest point 16 'of the shaping toric envelope surface always in the plane of the two linear axes of movement x and y.
  • Fig. 6 it is shown that the cutting inserts 19 on the holding arms 17 each secured by a central screw 21 are. With the help of screw 21, the set rotational position the insert 19 fixed on the holding arm 17. As in Fig. 6 is indicated by the angular dimension ⁇ , from the circumference the cutting edge 20 for the milling process only an angle of about 90 ° used, i.e. only about a quarter of the circumference of the ring cutting edge is used for the milling process. This means that the Inserts 19 after wear of the first ring cutting sector can be turned three times to a new position.
  • the blocked workpiece 1 is first by lateral displacement approached tool 2 on the x-axis, whereupon the Workpiece 1 on the y-axis compared to the one that always remains stationary Tool 2 is moved until the workpiece 1 itself is located approximately at the same level as the tool axis and the Edge of the workpiece touches the circular cutting edge 14. in this connection is rotated around the respective tool and workpiece Rotational movement axes c or b material removed from the workpiece edge.
  • the x-axis and continuous infeed on the y-axis now a processing of the lens blank on the by the Spectacle frame shape predetermined circumferential contour made. at the workpiece 1 is fed on the y-axis Tool attack on the edge of the workpiece, for example in the manner of a helix.
  • step sequence is under constant rotation of workpiece and tool around the associated Rotational axes the workpiece 1 compared to the tool 2 at Grooving operation through coordinated, program-controlled movement shifted further on the x and y axes until the tool and workpiece approximately assume the relative position shown in FIG. 10.
  • the bulk of the blank material to be removed is one adapted as much as possible to the surface to be produced annular trough-shaped surface 23 was created.
  • a method of creating a surface from a Spectacle lens blank described for both brittle hard materials is also suitable for plastics.
  • a Disc-shaped, rotationally symmetrical tool relatively large diameter used, with the help of at least two operations, one grooving operation and one shaping operation with material removal along a spiral path, the blank material to be removed with high Grinding or milling performance is removed.
  • the result is from the last work step a spiral from the outside machining path running inwards with low residual tip height with a relatively large tip distance.
  • the surface created requires only minor finishing and polishing post-processing.
  • the process can be both based on the shape of the glasses adapting edge processing as well as a Eyeglass lens be integrated faceting operation. Farther become tools for carrying out the grinding or milling process proposed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer konkaven Oberfläche aus einem Brillenglasrohling, entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, und schließt auch Werkzeuge zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an spröd-harten und aus Kunststoff bestehenden Brillenglasrohlingen ein.The invention relates to a method for generating a concave surface from a lens blank, accordingly the preamble of claim 1, and also includes tools to carry out the process on hard and brittle Plastic existing eyeglass lens blanks.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Gattung (DE 42 10 381 A1) werden das Werkzeug und das Werkstück während des gesamten Verfahrensablaufs so gesteuert, daß die Materialabtragung ausschließlich entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges erfolgt. Auf diese Weise läßt sich zwar eine Formgebung der konkaven Oberfläche erzielen, die der fertigen Linsenfläche schon weitgehend entspricht, jedoch erfolgt dies mit geringer Zerspanungsleistung. Sollen auf diese Weise größere Materialabtragungen an dem Werkstück vorgenommen werden, so müßten Werkstück und Werkzeug mehrfach entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges relativ zueinander bewegt werden, was bei der Rezeptfertigung von Brillengläsern zu unerwünscht langen Bearbeitungszeiten führt.In a known method of the type specified at the outset (DE 42 10 381 A1) the tool and the workpiece during the entire process is controlled so that the material removal only along a spiral path. In this way, it is possible to shape the concaves Achieve surface that the finished lens surface already largely corresponds, but this is done with low cutting performance. In this way, larger material removals be made on the workpiece, so workpiece and Tool multiple times along a spiral path relative are moved towards each other, which is the case with the prescription production of spectacle lenses leads to undesirably long processing times.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung vorzuschlagen, mit welchem bei hoher Zerspanungsleistung sowohl sprödharte Materialien als auch Kunststoffmaterialien zur Erzeugung aller in der Brillenglasoptik üblichen konkaven Flächenformen mit dem Ergebnis einer gleichmäßigen Flächengüte und kurzen Bearbeitungszeiten genau und wirtschaftlich bearbeitet werden können. Die Erfindungsaufgabe umfaßt auch die Bereitstellung von zur Verfahrensdurchführung besonders geeigneten Werkzeugen. Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 5 angegeben und nachfolgend ebenfalls näher erläutert. Für die Verfahrensdurchführung besonders geeignete Werkzeuge sind in den Ansprüchen 6 und 7 angegeben, von denen Anspruch 6 die Werkzeugausbildung für spröd-harte Materialien und Anspruch 7 die Werkzeugausbildung für Kunststoffmaterialien beinhaltet.The invention has for its object a method of im To propose the preamble of patent claim 1, with which with high cutting performance both brittle hard materials as well as plastic materials for production all the concave surface shapes that are common in eyeglass optics with the result of a uniform surface quality and short Processing times can be processed precisely and economically can. The task of the invention also includes the provision of tools particularly suitable for carrying out the process. The task is given by the features of the claim 1 solved. Advantageous further developments of the method are specified in subclaims 2 to 5 and below also explained in more detail. Especially for the execution of the procedure suitable tools are specified in claims 6 and 7, of which claim 6, the tool training for brittle hard Materials and claim 7, the tool training for plastic materials includes.

Die Schrittaufteilung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf zwei Arbeitsgänge, nämlich auf einen ersten Einstech-Arbeitsgang und einen zweiten Arbeitsgang mit Materialabtragung entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges, führt zu sehr kurzen Bearbeitungszeiten. Beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang sind sehr hohe Zerspanungs- bzw. Schleifleistungen möglich, so daß die Hauptmenge des zu entfernenden Rohlingmaterials rasch abgetragen ist. Der kontinuierlich erfolgende Einstech- oder Eintauch-Arbeitsgang erspart die bei dem bekannten Verfahren notwendigen Mehrfachschnitte im Fall dicker Brillenglasrohlinge. Schon beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang wird mindestens im Bereich des Außenrandes eine Oberfläche erzielt, die der Sollaußenkontur der optisch wirksamen Brillenglasinnenfläche entspricht.The step distribution of the method according to the invention into two Operations, namely on a first plunge operation and a second operation with material removal along a spiral path, leads to very short processing times. The grooving process involves very high machining or Grinding performance possible, so that the majority of the to be removed Blank material is quickly removed. The continuously the piercing or immersion process saves you from having to the known method necessary multiple cuts in the case thick lens blanks. Already during the grooving process achieves a surface at least in the area of the outer edge, that of the target outer contour of the optically effective inner lens surface equivalent.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht die Erzeugung hochgenauer Oberflächen. Mit seiner Hilfe können sämtliche in der Brillenglasoptik üblichen Flächenformen erzeugt werden, nämlich torische, prismatische, dezentrierte, multifokale oder atorische Oberflächen an Gläsern und Kunststoffen.The method according to the invention enables the generation of high accuracy Surfaces. With his help, everyone in the Spectacle lens optics are generated, namely toric, prismatic, decentered, multifocal or atoric Surfaces on glasses and plastics.

Vorzugsweise ist in das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren entsprechend Anspruch 2 ein Randbearbeitungsvorgang integriert, wodurch nicht nur dünne komfortable Brillengläser hergestellt werden können, sondern für das spätere Einpassen des Brillenglases in das Brillengestell auch eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung bei geringerem Werkzeugverschleiß auf der Seite des Brillenfertigers erreicht wird. Für den Verfahrensanwender ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß ein geringerer Lagerbestand an halbfertigen Gläsern mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern ermöglicht wird. Preferably in the method according to the invention Claim 2 integrated an edge processing process, which does not only thin, comfortable glasses can be made, but for the later fitting of the glasses into the glasses frame also a reduction in working hours with less tool wear reached on the side of the eyewear manufacturer. The advantage for the process user is that a lower one Stock of semi-finished glasses with different Diameters is made possible.

Wenn die drei Arbeitsgänge Randbearbeitung, Einstechen und Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges gemäß Anspruch 3 in kontinuierlicher Abfolge vorgenommen werden, sind sehr kurze Herstellzeiten erzielbar. Diese Arbeitsgänge können in einer einzigen Aufspannung bzw. Aufblockung des Werkstücks durchgeführt werden.If the three operations edge machining, grooving and machining along the spiral path according to claim 3 in continuous succession are very short Manufacturing times achievable. These operations can be carried out in one single clamping or blocking the workpiece become.

Wenn die Werkstückumfangskante mit einer Facette versehen werden soll, kann auch gemäß Anspruch 4 ein Facettierungs-Arbeitsgang in den Verfahrensablauf eingeschaltet werden, so daß bei Vornahme eines Randbearbeitsvorgangs insgesamt vier unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgende Arbeitsgänge bei nur einer Aufspannung bzw. Aufblockung des Werkstücks an diesem durchgeführt werden.If the workpiece circumferential edge is provided with a facet should, can also be a faceting operation according to claim 4 be switched on in the procedure, so that when making of a border machining process a total of four immediately consecutive Operations with only one clamping or Blocking of the workpiece can be carried out on this.

Zwischen den beiden Rotationsbewegungsachsen c und b ist ein festgelegter Winkel zwischen 90° und 120° möglich. Vorzugsweise ist dieser Winkel entsprechend Anspruch 5 auf 105° festgelegt, d.h. bei senkrecht angeordneter Werkstückachse b ist die Werkzeugachse c zur Horizontalen in einem Winkel von nur 15° schräggestellt. Bei diesem Winkel kann es während der Durchführung des Schleif- bzw. Fräsverfahrens auch bei sehr stark konkav gekrümmten Brillenglasoberflächen nicht zu einer Kollision zwischen der Werkzeugspindel bzw. dem Werkzeugschaft und dem Brillenglasrand kommen.There is a between the two rotational movement axes c and b fixed angle between 90 ° and 120 ° possible. Preferably this angle is set to 105 ° according to claim 5, i.e. when the workpiece axis b is arranged vertically, the tool axis c to the horizontal at an angle of only 15 ° sloping. At this angle, it can while performing the grinding or milling process, even with very strongly concave curved eyeglass lens surfaces do not cause a collision between the tool spindle or the tool shaft and the lens rim come.

Das im Anspruch 6 angegebene Schleifwerkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einem sprödharten Brillenglasrohling ist aufgrund der besonderen Ausbildung der Schleiflippe sehr vorteilhaft, weil die Schneidengeometrie auch bei Verschleiß konstant bleibt. Lediglich der Durchmesser des Werkzeugs nimmt durch Verschleiß ab, was jedoch leicht durch Dickenmessung des geschliffenen Brillenglases und anschließende Verrechnung im Steuerungsprogramm kompensiert werden kann.The grinding tool specified in claim 6 for implementation is due to the procedure on a brittle hard lens blank the special design of the grinding lip is very advantageous, because the cutting edge geometry remains constant even with wear remains. Only the diameter of the tool increases due to wear from what is easily measured by measuring the thickness of the ground Glasses and subsequent accounting in the control program can be compensated.

Das Fräswerkzeug gemäß Anspruch 7 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einem Kunststoff-Brillenglasrohling ist bezüglich seiner Rotationsform scheibenförmig ausgebildet, wobei einzelne Frässchneiden am Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Zerspanungsleistung dieses Fräswerkzeugs, bei dem die Schneiden eine formgebende torische Hüllfläche definieren, ist hoch.The milling tool according to claim 7 for performing the method is on a plastic eyeglass lens blank with regard to its Rotational form disc-shaped, with individual milling cutters are distributed around the circumference. The cutting performance this milling tool, in which the cutting edges give a shape Defining the toric envelope is high.

Die Standzeit der Frässchneiden läßt sich vorteilhaft erhöhen, wenn die die Schneiden aufweisenden Schneidplatten des Fräswerkzeugs entsprechend Anspruch 8 verdrehbar befestigt sind. Auf diese Weise können nacheinander mehrere Bereiche der Schneidplatten in eine Arbeitsposition eingedreht werden, bevor die Schneidplatten aus Verschleißgründen auszuwechseln oder deren Außendurchmesser nachzuarbeiten sind.The service life of the cutting edges can advantageously be increased, if the cutting inserts of the milling tool that have the cutting edges are rotatably attached according to claim 8. On this way, several areas of the cutting plates can be moved in succession be turned into a working position before the Replacing inserts for wear or their Rework outer diameter.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die im wesentlichen schematisch ausgeführten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine teilweise geschnittene und abgebrochen dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Fräs- und Schleifmaschine für Brillengläser,
Fig. 2
die Vorderansicht der Maschine nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht des Schleifwerkzeugs,
Fig. 4
die Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 3, jedoch nach Benutzung und Verschleiß des Schleifwerkzeugs,
Fig. 5
eine Seitenansicht des Fräswerkzeugs,
Fig. 6
eine vergrößerte Einzelheit des Fräswerkzeugs gemäß Fig. 5, entsprechend dem Ausschnittskreis VI,
Fig. 7
die Vorderansicht des Fräswerkzeugs in Blickrichtung des Pfeils VII in Fig. 5,
Fig. 8
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Randbearbeitungsvorgangs, in zwei Ansichten, nämlich mit einer Seitenansicht und der Vorderansicht des Werkzeugs,
Fig. 9
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Facettierungs-Arbeitsgangs, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8,
Fig. 10
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Einstech-Arbeitsgangs, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8 und 9,
Fig. 11
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Arbeitsgangs mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8,9 und 10,
Fig. 12
die Draufsicht auf das Werkstück nach dem Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges und
Fig. 13
den abgebrochenen und vergrößerten Schnitt durch das Werkstück gemäß der Linie XIII-XIII in Fig. 12.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings which are carried out essentially schematically. It shows:
Fig. 1
a partially cut and broken side view of a milling and grinding machine for glasses,
Fig. 2
the front view of the machine of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a side view of the grinding tool,
Fig. 4
3, but after use and wear of the grinding tool,
Fig. 5
a side view of the milling tool,
Fig. 6
5 shows an enlarged detail of the milling tool according to FIG. 5, corresponding to the detail circle VI,
Fig. 7
the front view of the milling tool in the direction of arrow VII in Fig. 5,
Fig. 8
Tool and workpiece during the edge machining process, in two views, namely with a side view and the front view of the tool,
Fig. 9
Tool and workpiece during the faceting operation, in two views similar to FIG. 8,
Fig. 10
Tool and workpiece during the grooving operation, in two views similar to FIGS. 8 and 9,
Fig. 11
Tool and workpiece during machining with machining along the spiral path, in two views similar to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10,
Fig. 12
the top view of the workpiece after the operation with machining along the spiral path and
Fig. 13
the broken and enlarged section through the workpiece along the line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12th

Von der Schleif- bzw. Fräsmaschine sind in den Fig. 1 und 2 zur Vereinfachung nur die das Werkstück 1 und das Werkzeug 2 tragenden bzw. führenden und antreibenden Teile dargestellt. Das Werkzeug 2 ist über einen Schaft 3 gleichachsig an einer Spindel 4 befestigt, die über einen Elektromotor 5 drehend und in der Drehzahl regelbar angetrieben wird. Das Werkstück 1 ist auf einen Werkstückhalter 6 aufgeblockt, der an einer Spindel 7 konzentrisch befestigt ist. Die Spindel 7 wird von einem Servomotor 8 numerisch gesteuert drehbar angetrieben. From the grinding or milling machine in FIGS. 1 and 2 Simplification only those carrying the workpiece 1 and the tool 2 or leading and driving parts shown. The tool 2 is coaxial with a spindle 4 via a shaft 3 attached, rotating via an electric motor 5 and in the Speed is driven adjustable. The workpiece 1 is on one Blocked workpiece holder 6, which is concentric on a spindle 7 is attached. The spindle 7 is driven by a servo motor 8 numerically controlled rotatably driven.

Werkstück 1, Werkzeughalter 6, Spindel 7 und Motor 8 sowie alle damit verbundenen nicht näher bezeichneten Teile sind an einer Koordinatenvorrichtung der Maschine angebracht und können daher gemeinsam auf zueinander rechtwinkligen linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y bewegt werden. Die gemeinsame Mittelachse der Teile 1, 6, 7 und 8 fällt mit der Rotationsbewegungsachse b des Werkstücks 1 zusammen. Die dem Werkzeug 2, dem Schaft 3, der Spindel 4 und dem Motor 5 gemeinsame Mittelachse fällt mit der Rotationsbewegungsachse c des Werkzeugs 2 und einer Werkzeugeinstellachse z (Fig. 1) zusammen. Die linearen Bewegungsachsen x, y und die Rotationsbewegungsachse b sind CNC-gesteuert, während die Rotationsbewegungsachse c nur drehzahlregelbar ist. Die Achse z dient lediglich der auf der Rotationsbewegungsachse c verschiebenden Einstellung des Werkzeugs 2. Da alle CNC-Achsen in der Werkstückspindel vereinigt sind, ergibt sich eine einfache Beschickung. Das Werkstück kann in eine definierte Be- und Entladeposition gefahren werden, so daß auch einfache Handhabungsgeräte zum automatischen Werkstückwechsel eingesetzt werden können.Workpiece 1, tool holder 6, spindle 7 and motor 8 and all associated unspecified parts are on one Coordinate device attached to the machine and can therefore together on mutually perpendicular linear movement axes x and y are moved. The common central axis of parts 1, 6, 7 and 8 coincides with the rotational movement axis b of the workpiece 1 together. The tool 2, the shaft 3, the spindle 4 and the motor 5 common central axis coincides with the rotational movement axis c of tool 2 and a tool setting axis z (Fig. 1) together. The linear movement axes x, y and the rotational movement axis b are CNC-controlled, while the Rotational movement axis c is only adjustable in speed. The axis z only serves the one shifting on the rotational movement axis c Tool setting 2. Since all CNC axes in the Workpiece spindle are combined, there is a simple loading. The workpiece can be in a defined loading and unloading position be driven, so that even simple handling devices can be used for automatic workpiece change.

Im gezeichneten Beispiel hat der durch die Maschinenkonstruktion festgelegte Winkel α zwischen den beiden Rotationsbewegungsachsen b und c den Wert von 105°. Der Winkel α ist somit durch die Maschinenkonstruktion festgelegt und nicht veränderbar.In the example shown, this is due to the machine construction fixed angle α between the two rotational movement axes b and c the value of 105 °. The angle α is thus through the Machine construction fixed and not changeable.

Die Werkzeugspindel 4 mit dem daran befestigten Werkzeug 2 und dem zugehörigen Elektromotor 5 sowie alle anderen damit verbundenen nicht näher bezeichneten Teile können unter Beibehaltung des konstruktiv festgelegten Winkels α zur Justierung des Werkzeugs 2 auf die Mitte des Werkstücks 1 rechtwinklig zur x-Bewegungsachse verstellt werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind die genannten verstellbaren Teile über einen Tragarm 9 mit einem Führungsschlitten 10 starr verbunden, der in der angegebenen Justierrichtung verschiebbar an einem Führungsbett 11 der Maschine gelagert ist. Zwischen dem Führungsschlitten 10 und dem Führungsbett 11 ist zum Verstellen eine Gewindespindel 12 wirksam, die einerseits drehbar aber axial unverschiebbar am Führungsbett 11 gelagert ist und andererseits in ein entsprechendes Gewinde des Führungsschlittens 10 eingreift.The tool spindle 4 with the attached tool 2 and the associated electric motor 5 as well as all other associated Parts not specified can be retained of the design angle α for adjusting the tool 2 onto the center of the workpiece 1 perpendicular to the x movement axis be adjusted. For this purpose the above are adjustable parts via a support arm 9 with a guide carriage 10 rigidly connected in the specified direction of adjustment slidably mounted on a guide bed 11 of the machine is. Between the guide carriage 10 and the guide bed 11 is effective for adjusting a threaded spindle 12, the on the one hand rotatable but axially immovable on the guide bed 11 is stored and on the other hand in a corresponding thread of the Guide carriage 10 engages.

Zur näheren Erläuterung des als Schleifwerkzeug ausgebildeten Werkzeugs 2 wird nunmehr auf die Fig. 3 und 4 Bezug genommen. Wie daraus hervorgeht, ist das Schleifwerkzeug scheibenförmig mit einer an seinem Umfang befindlichen ringförmigen Schleiflippe 13 ausgebildet. Von der Stirnseite der asymmetrisch ausgebildeten Schleiflippe 13 ausgehend vergrößert sich deren Radius zur Spindel 4 hin, wobei ihr größter Radius in einer kreisförmigen formgebenden Schnittkante 14 ausläuft. Für die Durchführung des Verfahrens ist diese formgebende Schnittkante auf das Werkstück so einzustellen, daß sie etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet ist. Die auf der Spindelseite befindliche in die Schnittkante 14 mündende Rückfläche 15 der Schleiflippe 13 ist unter Berücksichtigung des konstruktiv festgelegten Winkels α so ausgebildet, daß die Rückfläche zur Werkzeugrotationsachse c unter dem Winkel α verläuft. Eine Senkrechte durch den jeweils tiefsten Punkt 16 der Schnittkante 14 liegt der Rückfläche 15 nach Art einer radialen Mantellinie an. Der jeweils tiefste Punkt 16 befindet sich dabei immer in der Ebene der beiden linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y. Dieses wird bei einem Vergleich der Fig. 3 und 4 deutlich. Die Schnittkante 14 wird immer durch den größten Radius der Schleiflippe bestimmt und ist auch bei fortschreitender Werkzeugabnutzung immer etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet. In Fig. 4 ist neben der in vollen Linien dargestellten Abnutzungskontur auch die neue Kontur des Werkzeugs in gestrichelten Linien eingezeichnet. Aufgrund dieser besonderen Werkzeuggeometrie schärft sich die Schnittkante während des Schleifvorgangs stets selbst, so daß die Formgebung für die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche nicht beeinträchtigt ist. Die durch Verschleiß eintretende Verringerung des Schnittkantenradius kann im Rechnerprogramm der Maschine leicht berücksichtigt werden.For a more detailed explanation of the trained as a grinding tool Tool 2 is now referred to FIGS. 3 and 4. As can be seen from this, the grinding tool is disc-shaped with an annular grinding lip on its periphery 13 trained. From the front of the asymmetrically trained Starting from the grinding lip 13, its radius increases towards the spindle 4, with its largest radius in a circular shaping cutting edge 14 runs out. For the implementation the process is this shaping cutting edge on the workpiece so that they are approximately radial to the center of the workpiece is directed. The one on the spindle side the rear edge 15 of the grinding lip 13 opening the cutting edge 14 is taking into account the design angle α designed so that the rear surface to the tool rotation axis c runs at the angle α. A vertical through each The lowest point 16 of the cutting edge 14 lies on the rear surface 15 in the manner of a radial generatrix. The deepest Point 16 is always in the plane of the two linear ones Movement axes x and y. This is in a comparison 3 and 4 clearly. The cutting edge 14 is always through determines the largest radius of the grinding lip and is also at progressive tool wear always approximately radial to the center of the workpiece. 4 is next to that in full lines shown wear contour also the new contour of the Tool drawn in dashed lines. Based on these The cutting edge is sharpened due to the special tool geometry during the grinding process itself, so that the shape is not impaired for the surface to be processed. The reduction of the cutting edge radius due to wear can easily be taken into account in the machine's computer program become.

Das Schleifmaterial der Schleiflippe 13 besteht aus feinverteilten Diamantteilchen. Hierbei besteht die Schleiflippe 13 entweder aus gesintertem Material, in welches die Diamantteilchen feinverteilt eingebettet sind, oder die feinverteilten Diamantteilchen sind galvanisch gebunden auf die ringförmige Schleiflippe 13 aufgetragen.The grinding material of the grinding lip 13 consists of finely divided Diamond particles. Here there is the grinding lip 13 either made of sintered material, in which the diamond particles are embedded, or the finely divided diamond particles are galvanically bonded to the ring-shaped grinding lip 13 applied.

Zur Beschreibung des für die Kunststoffbearbeitung vorgesehenen Fräswerkzeugs 2' wird jetzt auf die Fig. 5 bis 7 Bezug genommen. Wie aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht, ist das Fräswerkzeug 2' bezüglich seiner Rotationsform scheibenförmig ausgebildet. Zu diesem Zweck ist das Fräswerkzeug 2' mit einer Mehrzahl, im gezeigten Beispiel mit acht am Umfang gleichmäßig verteilten Haltearmen 17 versehen, die sich von einem zentralen Nabenteil 18 nach außen strecken. An den äußeren Enden der Haltearme 17 sind im Durchmesser übereinstimmende Schneidplatten 19 befestigt. Die Ringschneiden 20 der Schneidplatten 19 sind radial zur Rotationsachse c des Fräswerkzeugs 2' ausgerichtet und definieren eine formgebende torische Hüllfläche, die durch gestrichelte Linien in Fig. 5 angedeutet ist. Die torische Hüllfläche ist bezüglich ihrer von ihrem größten Radius gebildeten Ebene etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet. Hierbei befindet sich der jeweils tiefste Punkt 16' der formgebenden torischen Hüllfläche immer in der Ebene der beiden linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y.To describe the intended for plastic processing Milling tool 2 'is now referred to FIGS. 5 to 7. 5, the milling tool 2 'is relative its rotational shape is disc-shaped. To this end is the milling tool 2 'with a plurality, in the example shown with eight holding arms 17 evenly distributed around the circumference 17 provided, extending from a central hub part 18 to the outside stretch. At the outer ends of the support arms 17 are in diameter matching inserts 19 attached. The ring edges 20 of the cutting inserts 19 are radial to the axis of rotation c of the milling tool 2 'aligned and define a shape toric envelope, indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5 is indicated. The toric envelope is related to it from its largest radius, the plane is approximately radial to Center of the workpiece. Here is the lowest point 16 'of the shaping toric envelope surface always in the plane of the two linear axes of movement x and y.

In Fig. 6 ist dargestellt, daß die Schneidplatten 19 an den Haltearmen 17 jeweils durch eine zentrale Schraube 21 befestigt sind. Mit Hilfe der Schraube 21 wird die eingestellte Drehstellung der Schneidplatte 19 am Haltearm 17 fixiert. Wie in Fig. 6 durch das Winkelmaß β angedeutet ist, wird von dem Kreisumfang der Ringschneide 20 für den Fräsvorgang nur ein Winkel von etwa 90° benutzt, d.h. nur etwa ein Viertel des Ringschneidenumfangs wird für den Fräsvorgang herangezogen. Dies bedeutet, daß die Schneidplatten 19 nach Verschleiß des ersten Ringschneidensektors noch dreimal in eine neue Position gedreht werden können.In Fig. 6 it is shown that the cutting inserts 19 on the holding arms 17 each secured by a central screw 21 are. With the help of screw 21, the set rotational position the insert 19 fixed on the holding arm 17. As in Fig. 6 is indicated by the angular dimension β, from the circumference the cutting edge 20 for the milling process only an angle of about 90 ° used, i.e. only about a quarter of the circumference of the ring cutting edge is used for the milling process. This means that the Inserts 19 after wear of the first ring cutting sector can be turned three times to a new position.

Zur näheren Erläuterung des Verfahrensablaufs wird nunmehr nachstehend auf die Fig. 8 bis 11 Bezug genommen. Dieser Verfahrensablauf erfaßt alle möglichen Bearbeitungsvorgänge, nämlich den Randbearbeitungsvorgang (Fig. 8), den Facettierungs-Arbeitsgang (Fig. 9), den Einstech-Arbeitsgang (Fig. 10) und den die Flächenbearbeitung im Rahmen des vorliegenden Verfahrens abschließenden Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges (Fig. 11). In den rechtsseitigen Ansichten der Fig. 8, 9, 10 und 11 ist die relative Bewegung der Werkzeugmitte gegenüber dem Werkstück in punktierten Linien angegeben. Tatsächlich bewegt sich aber nicht das Werkzeug gegenüber dem Werkstück, sondern umgekehrt das Werkstück gegenüber dem Werkzeug.For a more detailed explanation of the course of the process is now below 8 to 11 referenced. This process flow captures all possible processing operations, namely the Edge processing process (Fig. 8), the faceting process (Fig. 9), the grooving operation (Fig. 10) and the surface processing final in the context of the present proceedings Operation with machining along the spiral Way (Fig. 11). In the right-hand views of FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and 11 is the relative movement of the center of the tool the workpiece in dotted lines. Actually moved but not the tool against the workpiece, but vice versa the workpiece compared to the tool.

Die Schilderung des Verfahrensablaufs erfolgt am Beispiel der Bearbeitung eines Brillenglasrohlings 1 an einem sprödharten Material mittels eines Schleifwerkzeugs 2. Die Bearbeitung eines Brillenglasrohlings aus Kunststoff mittels eines Fräswerkzeugs wird entsprechend vorgenommen. Die Verfahrensschritte Randbearbeitung und Facettieren sind im Verfahrensablauf wahlfreie, wenn auch bevorzugt mitablaufende Vorgänge. Die Fig. 8 bis 11 zeigen die Sequenz der angewendeten Verfahrensschritte. Die nur in Fig. 8 symbolisch angegebenen Achsen x, y, b und c gelten für alle Fig. 8 bis 10.The procedure is described using the example of Processing an eyeglass lens blank 1 on a brittle hard material using a grinding tool 2. The machining of a Spectacle lens blanks made of plastic using a milling tool is made accordingly. The process steps edge processing and faceting are optional in the process if also preferably concurrent processes. 8 to 11 show the sequence of the process steps used. The only in Fig. 8 symbolically indicated axes x, y, b and c apply to all 8 to 10.

Das aufgeblockte Werkstück 1 wird zunächst durch seitliche Verlagerung auf der x-Achse dem Werkzeug 2 angenähert, worauf das Werkstück 1 auf der y-Achse gegenüber dem stets ortsfest verbleibenden Werkzeug 2 verlagert wird, bis das Werkstück 1 sich etwa auf gleicher Höhe mit der Werkzeugachse befindet und der Werkstückrand die kreisförmige Schnittkante 14 tangiert. Hierbei wird bei Rotation von Werkzeug und Werkstück um die jeweiligen Rotationsbewegungsachsen c bzw. b Material vom Werkstückrand abgetragen. Durch weitere seitliche Bewegung des Werkstücks 1 auf der x-Achse und kontinuierliches Zustellen auf der y-Achse wird jetzt eine Bearbeitung des Brillenglasrohlings auf die durch die Brillengestellform vorgegebene Umfangskontur vorgenommen. Bei der Zustellung des Werkstücks 1 auf der y-Achse erfolgt der Werkzeugangriff am Werkstückrand etwa nach Art einer Schraubenlinie.The blocked workpiece 1 is first by lateral displacement approached tool 2 on the x-axis, whereupon the Workpiece 1 on the y-axis compared to the one that always remains stationary Tool 2 is moved until the workpiece 1 itself is located approximately at the same level as the tool axis and the Edge of the workpiece touches the circular cutting edge 14. in this connection is rotated around the respective tool and workpiece Rotational movement axes c or b material removed from the workpiece edge. By further lateral movement of the workpiece 1 the x-axis and continuous infeed on the y-axis now a processing of the lens blank on the by the Spectacle frame shape predetermined circumferential contour made. at the workpiece 1 is fed on the y-axis Tool attack on the edge of the workpiece, for example in the manner of a helix.

Nach Fertigstellung der Umfangskontur wird die obere Werkstückumfangskante mittels des Werkzeugs facettiert. Dieser Arbeitsgang erfolgt in kontinuierlicher Abfolge mit den anderen Arbeitsgängen unter ständiger Rotation von Werkstück und Werkzeug. Hierbei wird entsprechend dem Ausmaß und der Richtung der gewünschten Facettierung das Werkstück 1 sowohl dem Werkzeug 2 auf der x-Achse weiter angenähert als auch das Werkstück in einer damit überlagerten Bewegung auf der y-Achse nach unten gefahren, bis die gewünschte Facettenfläche 22 erzielt ist.After completion of the peripheral contour, the upper workpiece peripheral edge faceted using the tool. This operation takes place in continuous succession with the others Work steps with constant rotation of workpiece and tool. Here, according to the extent and direction of the desired faceting both the workpiece 1 and the tool 2 approximated further on the x-axis as well as the workpiece in one movement overlaid on the y-axis, until the desired facet surface 22 is achieved.

In weiterer kontinuierlicher Verfahrensschrittabfolge wird unter ständiger Rotation von Werkstück und Werkzeug um die zugehörigen Rotationsachsen das Werkstück 1 gegenüber dem Werkzeug 2 beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang durch koordinierte, programmgesteuerte Bewegung auf den x- und y-Achsen weiter verlagert, bis Werkzeug und Werkstück etwa die in Fig. 10 gezeigte Relativlage einnehmen. An dieser Stelle des Verfahrensablaufs ist die Hauptmenge des zu entfernenden Rohlingmaterials abgetragen. Hierbei ist eine der zu erzeugenden Oberfläche so weit wie möglich angepaßte ringmuldenförmige Fläche 23 entstanden. Außerdem ist ein Außenrand 24 erzielt, welcher der Sollaußenkontur der optisch wirksamen Brillenglasinnenfläche entspricht. Damit ist der Einstech-Arbeitsgang abgeschlossen.In a further continuous process step sequence is under constant rotation of workpiece and tool around the associated Rotational axes the workpiece 1 compared to the tool 2 at Grooving operation through coordinated, program-controlled movement shifted further on the x and y axes until the tool and workpiece approximately assume the relative position shown in FIG. 10. At this point in the process is the bulk of the blank material to be removed. Here is one adapted as much as possible to the surface to be produced annular trough-shaped surface 23 was created. There is also an outer edge 24 achieved, which is the target outer contour of the optically effective Corresponds to the inner lens surface. This is the piercing operation completed.

Nunmehr erfolgt wiederum in kontinuierlicher Verfahrensschrittabfolge der in Fig. 11 verdeutlichte letzte Arbeitsgang, welcher der Abtragung der Restmenge des überschüssigen Rohlingmaterials bis zur endgültigen Formgebung der Oberfläche dient. Hierbei erfolgt eine überlagerte Bewegung zwischen dem um seine Achse b rotierenden Werkstück 1 und dem um seine Achse c rotierenden sonst ortsfesten Werkzeug 2 in Richtung der x- und der y-Achse mit spiralförmigem Verlauf der in Fig. 12 dargestellten Bearbeitungsbahn 25 auf der bearbeiteten Oberfläche. Bei diesem letzten Arbeitsgang verschwindet die aus dem Einstech-Arbeitsgang herrührende ringmuldenförmige Fläche, d.h. die etwa kegelförmige Zentralspitze dieser Fläche. Wegen des großen Durchmessers der formgebenden Schnittkante 14 des Werkzeugs 2 entsteht an der spiralförmigen Bearbeitungsbahn nur eine sehr geringe Nutbildung, d.h. eine sehr geringe Spitzenhöhe über dem Nutgrund. Diese beträgt beispielsweise bei einem Durchmesser der Schnittkante 14 von 70 mm nur 0,0642 mm, bei einem Spitzenabstand von 5 mm. Diese Verhältnisse sind in Fig. 13 dargestellt. Es resultiert mithin nach dem letzten Verfahrensschritt, d.h. dem Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges, eine bearbeitete Oberfläche, die bereits so formgenau ist, daß der dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nachfolgende Feinschleif- und Polieraufwand gering ist.Now there is again a continuous sequence of process steps the last work step illustrated in FIG. 11, which the removal of the remaining amount of the excess blank material until the final shaping of the surface. in this connection there is a superimposed movement between the axis b rotating workpiece 1 and the rotating around its axis c otherwise stationary tool 2 in the direction of the x and y axes with a spiral course of that shown in Fig. 12 Machining path 25 on the machined surface. With this the last step disappears from the grooving step originating trough-shaped surface, i.e. the approximately conical Central tip of this area. Because of the large diameter the shaping cutting edge 14 of the tool 2 is formed only a very small amount on the spiral processing path Groove formation, i.e. a very low tip height above the bottom of the groove. This is, for example, with a diameter of Cutting edge 14 of 70 mm only 0.0642 mm, with a center distance of 5 mm. These relationships are shown in FIG. 13. It therefore results after the last process step, i.e. the process with machining along the spiral path, a machined surface that is already so precise that the fine grinding following the method according to the invention and polishing effort is low.

Zur Vereinfachung wurde die Erzeugung einer sphärisch-konkaven Oberfläche gezeigt und beschrieben. Selbstverständlich können auch andere, eingangs genannte Flächenformen durch entsprechende Programmsteuerung der x- und y-Achsen erzeugt werden.To simplify the creation of a spherical-concave Surface shown and described. Of course you can also other surface shapes mentioned at the beginning by corresponding ones Program control of the x and y axes can be generated.

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Oberfläche aus einem Brillenglasrohling beschrieben, das sowohl für sprödharte Materialien als auch für Kunststoffe geeignet ist. Hierbei wird ein scheibenförmiges, rotationssymmetrisches Werkzeug verhältnismässig großen Durchmessers verwendet, mit dessen Hilfe in mindestens zwei Arbeitsgängen, einem Einstech-Arbeitsgang und einem formgebenden Arbeitsgang mit Materialabtragung entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges, das zu entfernende Rohlingmaterial mit hoher Schleif- bzw. Fräsleistung abgetragen wird. Hierbei resultiert aus dem letzten Arbeitsgang eine spiralförmig von außen nach innen verlaufende Bearbeitungsbahn mit geringer Restspitzenhöhe bei relativ großem Spitzenabstand. Die erzeugte Oberfläche bedarf nur geringer Feinschleif- und Poliernachbearbeitung. Wahlweise kann in das Verfahren sowohl ein an die Brillengestellform anpassender Randbearbeitungsvorgang als auch ein den Brillenglasrand facettierender Arbeitsgang integriert sein. Weiterhin werden Werkzeuge zur Durchführung des Schleif- bzw. Fräsverfahrens vorgeschlagen.There is a method of creating a surface from a Spectacle lens blank described for both brittle hard materials is also suitable for plastics. Here is a Disc-shaped, rotationally symmetrical tool relatively large diameter used, with the help of at least two operations, one grooving operation and one shaping operation with material removal along a spiral path, the blank material to be removed with high Grinding or milling performance is removed. The result is from the last work step a spiral from the outside machining path running inwards with low residual tip height with a relatively large tip distance. The surface created requires only minor finishing and polishing post-processing. Optionally, the process can be both based on the shape of the glasses adapting edge processing as well as a Eyeglass lens be integrated faceting operation. Farther become tools for carrying out the grinding or milling process proposed.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of producing a concave surface on a spectacle lens blank (workpiece), which corresponds to a considerable extent to the finished inner spectacle lens face, by means of a milling cutter or grinding tool, in which method the block-mounted workpiece and the tool are guided movably relative to one another in a CNC-controlled machining operation along two linear axes of movement (x and y axes) and two axes of rotary motion extending at an angle (α) to one another, of which one is associated with the workpiece (b axis) and the other with the tool (c axis), wherein, to shape the surface, material removal proceeds along a spiral path over the surface, the tool and the workpiece being moved relative to one another in controlled manner along the x, y and b axes, and a disk-shaped, rotationally symmetrical tool is used as the tool, which is arranged in such a way that the lowest point (16, 16') of the tool is located in relation to the workpiece in a plane defined by the b and x axes, characterised in that material removal along the spiral path is preceded by a recessing operation, in which the workpiece is rotated about its axis (b) and the tool is moved at least in the direction of the y axis, until an annular trough-like face conformed to the concave surface to be produced at least in the area of the outer edge of the workpiece is achieved, such that, at least in the area of the outer edge, the surface produced on the workpiece corresponds to the desired outer contour of the optically effective inner spectacle lens face.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that, prior to the recessing operation, the spectacle lens edge is machined in an edge machining operation to conform it to the contour of the spectacle frame, wherein tool and workpiece are firstly brought closer together by lateral relative movement on the x axis, whereupon tool and workpiece are displaced towards one another by relative movement on the y axis until the workpiece is located at approximately the same height as the tool axis and the workpiece edge is tangent to the circular cutting edge of the tool, such that, upon rotation of tool and workpiece about the respective axes of rotary motion (c and b axes), material is removed from the workpiece edge, wherein, by lateral relative movement on the x axis and continuous feed on the y axis, machining of the spectacle lens blank proceeds to yield the peripheral contour prescribed by the spectacle frame shape.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the edge machining operation, the recessing operation and machining along the spiral path are performed in a continuous sequence, only a single clamping operation for the workpiece being used.
  4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, prior to the recessing operation and optionally after the edge machining operation, the upper circumferential workpiece edge is faceted by means of the tool, wherein the faceting operation proceeds in continuous sequence with the other operations.
  5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the angle (α) between the workpiece axis (b) and the tool axis (c) amounts to 105° during all operations.
  6. A disk-shaped grinding tool with an annular grinding lip for performing the method according to claims 1 to 5 for producing a concave surface from a brittle, hard spectacle lens blank, characterised in that the grinding lip (13) on the tool (2) is of asymmetrical construction and ends with its largest radius in a circular shaping cutting edge (14) and in that the rear face (15) of the tool (2) remote from the grinding lip (13) and leading into the cutting edge (14) extends between the axes of rotation of the workpiece (b) and the tool (c) at the angle (α) to the axis of rotation (c) of the tool.
  7. A milling cutter for performing the method according to claims 1 to 5 for producing a concave surface from a plastics spectacle lens blank, characterised in that it is of disk-shaped construction relative to its rotational shape and is provided with a plurality of supporting arms (17) distributed uniformly about the periphery, to the outer ends of which arms (17) there are attached cutting plates (19) which are oriented radially relative to the axis of rotation (c) of the milling cutter (2') and the cutting edges (20) of which define a shaping toroidal enveloping surface.
  8. A milling cutter according to claim 7, characterised in that the cutting plates (19) may be rotated about their disk centres and may be attached to the supporting arms (17) in the respective rotational positions.
EP96112436A 1995-08-12 1996-08-01 process for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank Expired - Lifetime EP0758571B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19529786 1995-08-12
DE19529786A DE19529786C1 (en) 1995-08-12 1995-08-12 Method and tool for producing a concave surface on a lens blank

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EP0758571A1 EP0758571A1 (en) 1997-02-19
EP0758571B1 true EP0758571B1 (en) 2002-01-16
EP0758571B2 EP0758571B2 (en) 2005-09-07
EP0758571B8 EP0758571B8 (en) 2005-11-23

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EP (1) EP0758571B8 (en)
DE (2) DE19529786C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2171580T5 (en)

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US7153184B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2006-12-26 Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh Method and apparatus for producing optical glasses
US7255628B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2007-08-14 Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh Method and apparatus for producing optical glasses
US7338346B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2008-03-04 Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh Method and apparatus for producing optical glasses
WO2023046937A1 (en) 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 Satisloh Ag Method for machining optical workpieces, in particular spectacle lenses made of plastic
DE102021004831A1 (en) 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 Satisloh Ag METHOD FOR MACHINING OPTICAL WORKPIECES, ESPECIALLY PLASTIC GLASSES LENSES
DE102021005202A1 (en) 2021-10-19 2023-04-20 Satisloh Ag Holder for processing optical workpieces, especially spectacle lenses
WO2023066824A1 (en) 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Satisloh Ag Retainer for the processing of optical workpieces, in particular eyeglass lenses

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ES2171580T3 (en) 2002-09-16
US6227952B1 (en) 2001-05-08
DE59608585D1 (en) 2002-02-21
DE19529786C1 (en) 1997-03-06
US5938381A (en) 1999-08-17
EP0758571B8 (en) 2005-11-23
MX9603307A (en) 1997-07-31
EP0758571B2 (en) 2005-09-07
EP0758571A1 (en) 1997-02-19
ES2171580T5 (en) 2006-03-16

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