EP0758571B2 - process for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank - Google Patents

process for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0758571B2
EP0758571B2 EP96112436A EP96112436A EP0758571B2 EP 0758571 B2 EP0758571 B2 EP 0758571B2 EP 96112436 A EP96112436 A EP 96112436A EP 96112436 A EP96112436 A EP 96112436A EP 0758571 B2 EP0758571 B2 EP 0758571B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
axis
edge
axes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96112436A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0758571B8 (en
EP0758571A1 (en
EP0758571B1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Diehl
Ronald Lautz
Karl-Heinz Tross
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Satisloh GmbH
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Loh Optikmaschinen AG
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Application filed by Loh Optikmaschinen AG filed Critical Loh Optikmaschinen AG
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/06Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses, the tool or work being controlled by information-carrying means, e.g. patterns, punched tapes, magnetic tapes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B11/00Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • Y10T409/303808Process including infeeding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/304536Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307448Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work with work holder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a concave surface of a Lens blank, according to the generic term of the Patent claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the object Method specified in the preamble of claim 1
  • Method specified in the preamble of claim 1 To propose genus, with which at high chipping performance both brittle-hard materials as well as plastic materials for the production of all in the spectacle optics usual concave surface forms with the result of a uniform surface quality and short processing times accurately and economically can be edited.
  • the stated object is achieved by the features of the claim 1 solved.
  • Advantageous developments of Method are given in the subclaims 2 to 8 and also explained in more detail below.
  • the step division of the invention Procedure for two operations leads to very short processing times.
  • very high cutting or grinding power possible so that the Main amount of the blank material to be removed is rapidly eroded.
  • the continuous piercing or immersion operation saves on the known methods required multiple cuts in Case of thick lens blanks.
  • Already at the piercing operation will be at least in the area of the outer edge achieved a surface of the desired outer contour of the corresponds to optically effective spectacle lens inner surface.
  • the inventive method allows the production of high-precision surfaces.
  • His Help can be all the usual in the Brillan glass look Surface shapes, namely toric, prismatic, decentered, multifocal or atoric surfaces on glasses and plastics.
  • an edge processing operation integrated which not only thin comfortable Spectacle lenses can be made, but otherwise for the later fitting of the spectacle lens in the Glasses frame also a shorter working hours at a lower Tool wear on the side of the eyewear maker is reached.
  • the advantage of having a lower inventory half-finished glasses with different diameters is possible.
  • the workpiece peripheral edge with a Facet can also according to claim 4 a Facettlerungs-operation in the procedure be turned on, so that when taking of a margining operation a total of four immediately successive operations with only one Clamping or blocking the workpiece on this be performed.
  • this angle is corresponding Claim 5 set at 105 °, i. at vertically arranged workpiece axis b is the tool axis c to the horizontal at an angle of only 15 ° tilted. At this angle it may be during the execution of the grinding or milling process even with very strong concave curved lens surfaces not to a collision between the Tool spindle or the tool shank and the Prescription lenses come.
  • the milling tool according to claim 7 for Implementation of the method on a plastic spectacle lens blank is disk-shaped with respect to its rotational shape formed, with individual milling cutters arranged distributed around the circumference.
  • the cutting performance this milling tool, in which the cutting edges define a shaping toric envelope is high.
  • the service life of the milling cutters can be advantageous increase when having the cutting edges Cutting inserts of the milling tool according to claim 8 are rotatably mounted. In this way can successively several areas of the cutting plates be screwed into a working position before replace the inserts for wear reasons or to rework their outer diameter are.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 From the grinding or milling machine are in Figs. 1 and 2 for simplicity only the workpiece 1 and the tool 2 bearing or leading and driving parts shown.
  • the tool 2 is attached equiaxially to a spindle 4 via a shaft 3, the turning about an electric motor 5 and in the speed is controllably driven.
  • the workpiece 1 is blocked on a workpiece holder 6, the a spindle 7 is fixed concentrically.
  • the spindle 7 is numerically controlled by a servomotor 8 rotatably driven.
  • Workpiece 1, tool holder 6, spindle 7 and Motor 8 and all associated unspecified Parts are at a coordinate device attached to the machine and therefore can work together on mutually perpendicular linear axes of motion x and y are moved.
  • the common Central axis of the parts 1, 6, 7 and 8 coincides with the axis of rotational movement b of the workpiece 1 together.
  • the tool 2, the shaft 3, the spindle 4 and the motor 5 common center axis coincides with the axis of rotational movement c of the tool 2 and a horrinstellachse z (Fig. 1) together.
  • the linear ones Movement axes x, y and the rotational movement axis b are CNC controlled while the rotational axis of motion c is only speed controllable.
  • the Axis z only serves that on the axis of rotational movement c shifting adjustment of the tool 2. Since all CNC axes in the workpiece spindle united, results in a simple feed. The workpiece can be in a defined loading and unloading position be driven, so that even simple handling equipment for automatic workpiece change can be used.
  • the machine construction has fixed angle ⁇ between the both axes of rotation b and c the value of 105 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is thus due to the machine design fixed and not changeable.
  • the tool spindle 4 with the attached thereto Tool 2 and the associated electric motor 5 and all other related unspecified Parts can be constructed while maintaining the constructive fixed angle ⁇ for adjusting the Tool 2 on the center of the workpiece 1 at right angles be adjusted to the x-movement axis.
  • the mentioned adjustable parts over one Support arm 9 rigidly connected to a guide carriage 10, which can be displaced in the specified adjustment direction stored on a guide bed 11 of the machine is.
  • a threaded spindle 12 effective, on the one hand rotatable but axially immovable is mounted on the guide bed 11 and on the other in a corresponding thread of the guide carriage 10 engages.
  • the grinding tool is disc-shaped with one on its Circumferential annular grinding lip 13th educated. From the front of the asymmetrically formed Starting with the grinding lip 13 their radius towards the spindle 4, with their largest radius in a circular shaping cut edge 14 expires. For the implementation of the method is this to set the shaping cutting edge on the workpiece that they are approximately radially to the center of the workpiece is directed. The on the spindle side located in the Cutting edge 14 opening rear surface 15 of Grinding lip 13 is considering the constructive fixed angle a formed so that the rear surface to the tool rotation axis c at the angle ⁇ runs.
  • a vertical through the deepest Point 16 of the cutting edge 14 is the rear surface 15th in the manner of a radial generatrix.
  • the deepest Point 16 is always in the level of both linear axes of motion x and y. This will in a comparison of Figs. 3 and 4 clearly.
  • the Cutting edge 14 is always through the largest radius
  • the grinding lip determines and is also progressive Tool wear always approximately radially to the center directed to the workpiece.
  • Fig. 4 is next to the full Lines shown wear contour also the new contour of the tool drawn in dashed lines. Because of this special tool geometry sharpens the cutting edge during the Grinding process always self, so that the shaping not affected for the surface to be processed is. The deterioration of the wear caused by wear Cut edge radius can in the computer program of Machine easily taken into account.
  • the abrasive material of the grinding lip 13 is made made of finely divided diamond particles.
  • the Sanding lip 13 either made of sintered material, in which embedded the diamond particles finely distributed are or the finely divided diamond particles are galvanic bonded applied to the annular grinding lip 13.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 are referred to.
  • To the outer ends of the holding arms 17 are in diameter matching cutting plates 19 attached.
  • the Ring cutting 20 of the cutting plates 19 are radial to Rotation axis c of the milling tool 2 'aligned and define a shaping toric envelope, which is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5.
  • the Toric envelope is in terms of their largest Radius formed plane approximately radially to the center of the Directed workpiece. Here is the respective lowest point 16 'of the forming toric envelope surface always in the plane of the two linear axes of motion x and y.
  • Fig. 6 it is shown that the cutting plates 19 on the support arms 17 each by a central Screw 21 are attached. With the help of the screw 21 is the set rotational position of the cutting plate 19th fixed to the support arm 17. As in Fig. 6 by the angle ⁇ is indicated by the circumference of the Ring cutting edge 20 only one angle for the milling process of about 90 °, i. only about a quarter of the circumference of the ring cutting is used for the milling process. This means that the cutting plates 19 after Wear of the first ring cutting sector three more times can be turned into a new position.
  • the blocked workpiece 1 is first by lateral displacement on the x-axis of the tool 2, whereupon the workpiece 1 is on the y-axis always remaining stationary Tool 2 is displaced until the workpiece 1 is about at the same height as the tool axis and the workpiece edge is the circular cutting edge 14 touched. This is done with rotation of tool and Workpiece around the respective rotation axes c or b removed material from the edge of the workpiece.
  • the x-axis and continuous feed on the y-axis is now a processing of the lens blank on the predetermined by the spectacle frame shape Perimeter contour made.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer konkaven Oberfläche aus einem Brillenglasrohling, entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for producing a concave surface of a Lens blank, according to the generic term of the Patent claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Gattung (DE 42 10 381 A1) werden das Werkzeug und das Werkstück während des gesamten Verfahrensablaufs so gesteuert, daß die Materialabtragung ausschließlich entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges erfolgt. Auf diese Weise läßt sich zwar eine Formgebung der konkaven Oberfläche erzielen, die der fertigen Linsenfläche schon weitgehend entspricht, jedoch erfolgt dies mit geringer Zerspanungsleistung. Sollen auf diese Weise gröBere Materialabtragungen an dem Werkstück vorgenommen werden, so müßten Werkstück und Werkzeug mehrfach entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges relativ zueinander bewegt werden, was bei der Rezeptfertigung von Brillengläsern zu unerwünscht langen Bearbeitungszeiten führt.In a known method of the beginning specified genus (DE 42 10 381 A1) are the Tool and the workpiece throughout Process flow controlled so that the material removal exclusively along a spiral path he follows. In this way, although a shape can be achieve the concave surface that the finished Lens surface already largely corresponds, however this is done with low cutting power. Should in this way larger material removal on the Workpiece to be made, so would workpiece and tool several times along a spiral Way to be moved relative to each other in the prescription production of spectacle lenses too undesirable leads to long processing times.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung vorzuschlagen, mit welchem bei hoher Zerspanungsleistung sowohl sprödharte Materialien als auch Kunststoffmaterialien zur Erzeugung aller in der Brillenglasoptik üblichen konkaven Flächenformen mit dem Ergebnis einer gleichmäßigen Flächengüte und kurzen Bearbeitungszeiten genau und wirtschaftlich bearbeitet werden können. Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 8 angegeben und nachfolgend ebenfalls näher erläutert.The invention is based on the object Method specified in the preamble of claim 1 To propose genus, with which at high chipping performance both brittle-hard materials as well as plastic materials for the production of all in the spectacle optics usual concave surface forms with the result of a uniform surface quality and short processing times accurately and economically can be edited. The stated object is achieved by the features of the claim 1 solved. Advantageous developments of Method are given in the subclaims 2 to 8 and also explained in more detail below.

Die Schrittaufteilung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf zwei Arbeitsgänge, nämlich auf einen ersten Enstech-Arbeitsgang und einen zweiten Arbeitsgang mit Materialabtragung entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges, führt zu sehr kurzen Bearbeitungszeiten. Beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang sind sehr hohe Zerspanungs- bzw. Schleifleistungen möglich, so daß die Hauptmenge des zu entfernenden Rohlingmaterials rasch abgetragen ist. Der kontinuierlich erfolgende Einstech- oder Eintauch-Arbeitsgang erspart die bei dem bekannten Verfahren notwendigen Mehrfachschnitte im Fall dicker Brillenglasrohlinge. Schon beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang wird mindestens im Bereich des Außenrandes eine Oberfläche erzielt, die der Sollaußenkontur der optisch wirksamen Brillenglasinnenfläche entspricht.The step division of the invention Procedure for two operations, namely a first Enstech operation and a second operation with material removal along a spiral Way, leads to very short processing times. During the piercing operation, very high cutting or grinding power possible, so that the Main amount of the blank material to be removed is rapidly eroded. The continuous piercing or immersion operation saves on the known methods required multiple cuts in Case of thick lens blanks. Already at the piercing operation will be at least in the area of the outer edge achieved a surface of the desired outer contour of the corresponds to optically effective spectacle lens inner surface.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht die Erzeugung hochgenauer Oberflächen. Mit seiner Hilfe können sämtliche in der Brillanglasoptik üblichen Flächenformen erzeugt werden, nämlich torische, prismatische, dezentrierte, multifokale oder atorische Oberflächen an Gläsern und Kunststoffen.The inventive method allows the production of high-precision surfaces. With his Help can be all the usual in the Brillan glass look Surface shapes, namely toric, prismatic, decentered, multifocal or atoric surfaces on glasses and plastics.

Vorzugsweise ist in das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren entsprechend Anspruch 2 ein Randbearbeitungsvorgang integriert, wodurch nicht nur dünne komfortable Brillengläser hergestellt werden können, sondem für das spätere Einpassen des Brillenglases in das Brillengestell auch eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung bei geringerem Werkzeugverschleiß auf der Seite des Brillenfertigers erreicht wird. Für den Verfahrensanwender ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß ein geringerer Lagerbestand an halbfertigen Gläsern mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern ermöglicht wird.Preferably, in the inventive Method according to claim 2, an edge processing operation integrated, which not only thin comfortable Spectacle lenses can be made, but otherwise for the later fitting of the spectacle lens in the Glasses frame also a shorter working hours at a lower Tool wear on the side of the eyewear maker is reached. For the process user results the advantage of having a lower inventory half-finished glasses with different diameters is possible.

Wenn die drei Arbeitsgänge Randbearbeitung Einstechen und Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges gemäß Anspruch 3 in kontinuierlicher Abfolge vorgenommen werden, sind sehr kurze Herstellzeiten erzielbar. Diese Arbeitsgänge können in einer einzigen Aufspannung bzw. Aufblockung des Werkstücks durchgeführt werden.If the three operations edging Grooving and machining along the spiral Way according to claim 3 in a continuous sequence are made, are very short production times achievable. These operations can be done in a single Clamping or Aufblockung of the workpiece carried out become.

Wenn die Werkstückumfangskante mit einer Facette versehen werden soll, kann auch gemäß Anspruch 4 ein Facettlerungs-Arbeitsgang in den Verfahrensablauf eingeschaltet werden, so daß bei Vornahme eines Randbearbeitsvorgangs insgesamt vier unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgende Arbeitsgänge bei nur einer Aufspannung bzw. Aufblockung des Werkstücks an diesem durchgeführt werden.If the workpiece peripheral edge with a Facet to be provided, can also according to claim 4 a Facettlerungs-operation in the procedure be turned on, so that when taking of a margining operation a total of four immediately successive operations with only one Clamping or blocking the workpiece on this be performed.

Zwischen den beiden Rotationsbewegungsachsen c und b ist ein festgelegter Winkel zwischen 90° und 120° möglich. Vorzugsweise ist dieser Winkel entsprechend Anspruch 5 auf 105° festgelegt, d.h. bei senkrechtangeordneter Werkstückachse b ist die Werkzeugachse c zur Horizontalen in einem Winkel von nur 15° schräggestellt. Bei diesem Winkel kann es während der Durchführung des Schleif- bzw. Fräsverfahrens auch bei sehr stark konkav gekrümmten Brillenglasoberflächen nicht zu einer Kollision zwischen der Werkzeugspindel bzw. dem Werkzeugschaft und dem Brillenglasrand kommen.Between the two rotation axes c and b is a fixed angle between 90 ° and 120 ° possible. Preferably, this angle is corresponding Claim 5 set at 105 °, i. at vertically arranged workpiece axis b is the tool axis c to the horizontal at an angle of only 15 ° tilted. At this angle it may be during the execution of the grinding or milling process even with very strong concave curved lens surfaces not to a collision between the Tool spindle or the tool shank and the Prescription lenses come.

Das im Anspruch 6 angegebene Schleifwerkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einem sprödharten Brillenglasrohling ist aufgrund der besonderen Ausbildung der Schleiflippe sehr vorteilhaft, well die Schneidengeometrie auch bei Verschleiß konstant bleibt. Lediglich der Durchmesser des Werkzeugs nimmt durch Verschleiß ab, was jedoch leicht durch Dikkenmessung des geschliffenen Brillenglases und anschließende Verrechnung im Steuerungsprogramm kompensiert werden kann.The specified in claim 6 grinding tool to carry out the process on a brittle hard Eyeglass blank is due to the special Formation of the grinding lip very beneficial, well the Cutting edge geometry remains constant even when worn remains. Only the diameter of the tool decreases as a result of wear, which is however easy due to thickness measurement of the ground spectacle lens and subsequent Billing in the control program can be compensated.

Das Fräswerkzeug gemäß Anspruch 7 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einem Kunststoff-Brillenglasrohling ist bezüglich seiner Rotationsform scheibenförmig ausgebildet, wobei einzelne Frässchneiden am Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Zerspanungsleistung dieses Fräswerkzeugs, bei dem die Schneiden eine formgebende torische Hüllfläche definieren, ist hoch.The milling tool according to claim 7 for Implementation of the method on a plastic spectacle lens blank is disk-shaped with respect to its rotational shape formed, with individual milling cutters arranged distributed around the circumference. The cutting performance this milling tool, in which the cutting edges define a shaping toric envelope is high.

Die Standzeit der Frässchneiden läßt sich vorteilhaft erhöhen, wenn die die Schneiden aufweisenden Schneidplatten des Fräswerkzeugs entsprechend Anspruch 8 verdrehbar befestigt sind. Auf diese Weise können nacheinander mehrere Bereiche der Schneidplatten in eine Arbeitsposition eingedreht werden, bevor die Schneidplatten aus Verschleißgründen auszuwechseln oder deren Außendurchmesser nachzuarbeiten sind.The service life of the milling cutters can be advantageous increase when having the cutting edges Cutting inserts of the milling tool according to claim 8 are rotatably mounted. In this way can successively several areas of the cutting plates be screwed into a working position before replace the inserts for wear reasons or to rework their outer diameter are.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die im wesentlichen schematisch ausgeführten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine teilweise geschnittene und abgebrochen dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Fräs - und Schleifmaschine für Brillengläser,
Fig. 2
die Vorderansicht der Maschine nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht des Schleifwerkzeugs,
Fig. 4
die Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 3, jedoch nach Benutzung und Verschleiß des Schleifwerkzeugs,
Fig. 5
eine Seitenansicht des Fräswerkzeugs,
Fig. 6
eine vergrößerte Einzelheit des Fräswerkzeugs gemäß Fig. 5, entsprechend dem Ausschnittskreis VI,
Fig. 7
die Vorderansicht des Fräswerkzeugs in Blickrichtung des Pfeils VII in Fig. 5,
Fig. 8
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Randbearbeitungsvorgangs, in zwei Ansichten, nämlich mit einer Seitenansicht und der Vorderansicht des Werkzeugs,
Fig. 9
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Facettierungs-Arbeitsgangs, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8,
Fig. 10
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Einstech-Arbeitsgangs, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8 und 9,
Fig. 11
Werkzeug und Werkstück während des Arbeitsgangs mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges, in zwei Ansichten ähnlich Fig. 8,9 und 10,
Fig. 12
die Draufsicht auf das Werkstück nach dem Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges und
Fig. 13
den abgebrochenen und vergrößerten Schnitt durch das Werkstück gemäß der Linie XIII-XIII in Fig. 12.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings which are essentially schematically illustrated. It shows:
Fig. 1
a partially cut and broken off side view of a milling and grinding machine for spectacle lenses,
Fig. 2
the front view of the machine of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
a side view of the grinding tool,
Fig. 4
the side view of FIG. 3, but after use and wear of the grinding tool,
Fig. 5
a side view of the milling tool,
Fig. 6
an enlarged detail of the milling tool according to FIG. 5, corresponding to the detail circle VI,
Fig. 7
the front view of the milling tool in the direction of arrow VII in Fig. 5,
Fig. 8
Tool and workpiece during the edge machining process, in two views, namely with a side view and the front view of the tool,
Fig. 9
Tool and workpiece during the faceting operation, in two views similar to FIG. 8,
Fig. 10
Tool and workpiece during the piercing operation, in two views similar to Figs. 8 and 9,
Fig. 11
Tool and workpiece during the machining operation along the spiral path, in two views similar to FIGS. 8,9 and 10,
Fig. 12
the top view of the workpiece after the operation with processing along the spiral path and
Fig. 13
the broken and enlarged section through the workpiece according to the line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12th

Von der Schleif- bzw. Fräsmaschine sind in den Fig. 1 und 2 zur Vereinfachung nur die das Werkstück 1 und das Werkzeug 2 tragenden bzw. führenden und antreibenden Teile dargestellt. Das Werkzeug 2 ist über einen Schaft 3 gleichachsig an einer Spindel 4 befestigt, die über einen Elektromotor 5 drehend und in der Drehzahl regelbar angetrieben wird. Das Werkstück 1 ist auf einen Werkstückhalter 6 aufgeblockt, der an einer Spindel 7 konzentrisch befestigt ist. Die Spindel 7 wird von einem Servomotor 8 numerisch gesteuert drehbar angetrieben.From the grinding or milling machine are in Figs. 1 and 2 for simplicity only the workpiece 1 and the tool 2 bearing or leading and driving parts shown. The tool 2 is attached equiaxially to a spindle 4 via a shaft 3, the turning about an electric motor 5 and in the speed is controllably driven. The workpiece 1 is blocked on a workpiece holder 6, the a spindle 7 is fixed concentrically. The spindle 7 is numerically controlled by a servomotor 8 rotatably driven.

Werkstück 1, Werkzeughalter 6, Spindel 7 und Motor 8 sowie alle damit verbundenen nicht näher bezeichneten Teile sind an einer Koordinatenvorrichtung der Maschine angebracht und können daher gemeinsam auf zueinander rechtwinkligen linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y bewegt werden. Die gemeinsame Mittelachse der Teile 1, 6, 7 und 8 fällt mit der Rotationsbewegungsachse b des Werkstücks 1 zusammen. Die dem Werkzeug 2, dem Schaft 3, der Spindel 4 und dem Motor 5 gemeinsame Mittelachse fällt mit der Rotationsbewegungsachse c des Werkzeugs 2 und einer Werkzeugeinstellachse z (Fig. 1) zusammen. Die linearen Bewegungsachsen x, y und die Rotationsbewegungsachse b sind CNC-gesteuert, während die Rotationsbewegungsachse c nur drehzahlregelbar ist. Die Achse z dient lediglich der auf der Rotationsbewegungsachse c verschiebenden Einstellung des Werkzeugs 2. Da alle CNC-Achsen in der Werkstückspindel vereinigt sind, ergibt sich eine einfache Beschickung. Das Werkstück kann in eine definierte Be- und Entladeposition gefahren werden, so daß auch einfache Handhabungsgeräte zum automatischen Werkstückwechsel eingesetzt werden können.Workpiece 1, tool holder 6, spindle 7 and Motor 8 and all associated unspecified Parts are at a coordinate device attached to the machine and therefore can work together on mutually perpendicular linear axes of motion x and y are moved. The common Central axis of the parts 1, 6, 7 and 8 coincides with the axis of rotational movement b of the workpiece 1 together. The tool 2, the shaft 3, the spindle 4 and the motor 5 common center axis coincides with the axis of rotational movement c of the tool 2 and a Werkzeuginstellachse z (Fig. 1) together. The linear ones Movement axes x, y and the rotational movement axis b are CNC controlled while the rotational axis of motion c is only speed controllable. The Axis z only serves that on the axis of rotational movement c shifting adjustment of the tool 2. Since all CNC axes in the workpiece spindle united, results in a simple feed. The workpiece can be in a defined loading and unloading position be driven, so that even simple handling equipment for automatic workpiece change can be used.

Im gezeichneten Beispiel hat der durch die Maschinenkonstruktion festgelegte Winkel α zwischen den beiden Rotationsbewegungsachsen b und c den Wert von 105°. Der Winkel α ist somit durch die Maschinenkonstruktion festgelegt und nicht veränderbar.In the example shown, the machine construction has fixed angle α between the both axes of rotation b and c the value of 105 °. The angle α is thus due to the machine design fixed and not changeable.

Die Werkzeugspindel 4 mit dem daran befestigten Werkzeug 2 und dem zugehörigen Elektromotor 5 sowie alle anderen damit verbundenen nicht näherbezeichneten Teile können unter Beibehaltung des konstruktiv festgelegten Winkels α zur Justierung des Werkzeugs 2 auf die Mitte des Werkstücks 1 rechtwinklig zur x-Bewegungsachse verstellt werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind die genannten verstellbaren Teile über einen Tragarm 9 mit einem Führungsschlitten 10 starr verbunden, der in der angegebenen Justierrichtung verschiebbar an einem Führungsbett 11 der Maschine gelagert ist. Zwischen dem Führungsschlitten 10 und dem Führungsbett 11 ist zum Verstellen eine Gewindespindel 12 wirksam, die einerseits drehbar aber axial unverschiebbar am Führungsbett 11 gelagert ist und andererseits in ein entsprechendes Gewinde des Führungsschlittens 10 eingreift.The tool spindle 4 with the attached thereto Tool 2 and the associated electric motor 5 and all other related unspecified Parts can be constructed while maintaining the constructive fixed angle α for adjusting the Tool 2 on the center of the workpiece 1 at right angles be adjusted to the x-movement axis. To this Purpose are the mentioned adjustable parts over one Support arm 9 rigidly connected to a guide carriage 10, which can be displaced in the specified adjustment direction stored on a guide bed 11 of the machine is. Between the guide carriage 10 and the Guide bed 11 is for adjusting a threaded spindle 12 effective, on the one hand rotatable but axially immovable is mounted on the guide bed 11 and on the other in a corresponding thread of the guide carriage 10 engages.

Zur näheren Erläuterung des als Schleifwerkzeug ausgebildeten Werkzeugs 2 wird nunmehr auf die Fig. 3 und 4 Bezug genommen. Wie daraus hervorgeht, ist das Schleifwerkzeug scheibenförmig mit einer an seinem Umfang befindlichen ringförmigen Schleiflippe 13 ausgebildet. Von der Stirnseite der asymmetrisch ausgebildeten Schleiflippe 13 ausgehend vergrößert sich deren Radius zur Spindel 4 hin, wobei ihr größter Radius in einer kreisförmigen formgebenden Schnittkante 14 ausläuft. Für die Durchführung des Verfahrens ist diese formgebende Schnittkante auf das Werkstück so einzustellen, daß sie etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet ist. Die auf der Spindelseite befindliche in die Schnittkante 14 mündende Rückfläche 15 der Schleiflippe 13 ist unter Berücksichtigung des konstruktiv festgelegten Winkels a so ausgebildet, daß die Rückfläche zur Werkzeugrotationsachse c unter dem Winkel α verläuft. Eine Senkrechte durch den jeweils tiefsten Punkt 16 der Schnittkante 14 liegt der Rückfläche 15 nach Art einer radialen Mantellinie an. Der jeweils tiefste Punkt 16 befindet sich dabei immer in der Ebene der beiden linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y. Dieses wird bei einem Vergleich der Fig. 3 und 4 deutlich. Die Schnittkante 14 wird immer durch den größten Radius der Schleiflippe bestimmt und ist auch bei fortschreitender Werkzeugabnutzung immer etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet. In Fig. 4 ist neben der in vollen Linien dargestellten Abnutzungskontur auch die neue Kontur des Werkzeugs in gestrichelten Linien eingezeichnet. Aufgrund dieser besonderen Werkzeuggeometrie schärft sich die Schnittkante während des Schleifvorgangs stets selbst, so daß die Formgebung für die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche nicht beeinträchtigt ist. Die durch Verschleiß eintretende Verringerung des Schnittkantenradius kann im Rechnerprogramm der Maschine leicht berücksichtigt werden.For a more detailed explanation of the as a grinding tool trained tool 2 is now on the 3 and 4, reference is made. As it can be seen, the grinding tool is disc-shaped with one on its Circumferential annular grinding lip 13th educated. From the front of the asymmetrically formed Starting with the grinding lip 13 their radius towards the spindle 4, with their largest radius in a circular shaping cut edge 14 expires. For the implementation of the method is this to set the shaping cutting edge on the workpiece that they are approximately radially to the center of the workpiece is directed. The on the spindle side located in the Cutting edge 14 opening rear surface 15 of Grinding lip 13 is considering the constructive fixed angle a formed so that the rear surface to the tool rotation axis c at the angle α runs. A vertical through the deepest Point 16 of the cutting edge 14 is the rear surface 15th in the manner of a radial generatrix. The deepest Point 16 is always in the level of both linear axes of motion x and y. This will in a comparison of Figs. 3 and 4 clearly. The Cutting edge 14 is always through the largest radius The grinding lip determines and is also progressive Tool wear always approximately radially to the center directed to the workpiece. In Fig. 4 is next to the full Lines shown wear contour also the new contour of the tool drawn in dashed lines. Because of this special tool geometry sharpens the cutting edge during the Grinding process always self, so that the shaping not affected for the surface to be processed is. The deterioration of the wear caused by wear Cut edge radius can in the computer program of Machine easily taken into account.

Das Schleifmaterial der Schleiflippe 13 besteht aus feinverteilten Diamantteilchen. Hierbei besteht die Schleiflippe 13 entweder aus gesintertem Material, in welches die Diamantteilchen feinverteilt eingebettet sind, oder die feinverteilten Diamantteilchen sind galvanisch gebunden auf die ringförmige Schleiflippe 13 aufgetragen.The abrasive material of the grinding lip 13 is made made of finely divided diamond particles. Here is the Sanding lip 13 either made of sintered material, in which embedded the diamond particles finely distributed are or the finely divided diamond particles are galvanic bonded applied to the annular grinding lip 13.

Zur Beschreibung des für die Kunststoffbearbeitung vorgesehenen Fräswerkzeugs 2' wird jetzt auf die Fig. 5 bis 7 Bezug genommen. Wie aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht, ist das Fräswerkzeug 2' bezüglich seiner Rotationsform scheibenförmig ausgebildet. Zu diesem Zweck ist das Fräswerkzeug 2' mit einer Mehrzahl, im gezeigten Beispiel mit acht am Umfang gleichmäßig verteilten Haltearmen 17 versehen, die sich von einem zentralen Nabenteil 18 nach außen strecken. An den äußeren Enden der Haltearme 17 sind im Durchmesser übereinstimmende Schneidplatten 19 befestigt. Die Ringschneiden 20 der Schneidplatten 19 sind radial zur Rotationsachse c des Fräswerkzeugs 2' ausgerichtet und definieren eine formgebende torische Hüllfläche, die durch gestrichelte Linien in Fig. 5 angedeutet ist. Die torische Hüllfläche ist bezüglich ihrer von ihrem größten Radius gebildeten Ebene etwa radial zur Mitte des Werkstücks gerichtet. Hierbei befindet sich der jeweils tiefste Punkt 16' derformgebenden torischen Hüllfläche immer in der Ebene der beiden linearen Bewegungsachsen x und y.For the description of the for the plastic processing provided milling tool 2 'is now on FIGS. 5 to 7 are referred to. As is apparent from Fig. 5, is the milling tool 2 'with respect to its rotational shape disc-shaped. To this Purpose is the milling tool 2 'with a plurality, in shown example with eight on the circumference evenly distributed holding arms 17 provided, extending from a extend central hub portion 18 to the outside. To the outer ends of the holding arms 17 are in diameter matching cutting plates 19 attached. The Ring cutting 20 of the cutting plates 19 are radial to Rotation axis c of the milling tool 2 'aligned and define a shaping toric envelope, which is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5. The Toric envelope is in terms of their largest Radius formed plane approximately radially to the center of the Directed workpiece. Here is the respective lowest point 16 'of the forming toric envelope surface always in the plane of the two linear axes of motion x and y.

In Fig. 6 ist dargestellt, daß die Schneidplatten 19 an den Haltearmen 17 jeweils durch eine zentrale Schraube 21 befestigt sind. Mit Hilfe der Schraube 21 wird die eingestellte Drehstellung der Schneidplatte 19 am Haltearm 17 fixiert. Wie in Fig. 6 durch das Winkelmaß β angedeutet ist, wird von dem Kreisumfang der Ringschneide 20 für den Fräsvorgang nur ein Winkel von etwa 90° benutzt, d.h. nur etwa ein Viertel des Ringschneidenumfangs wird für den Fräsvorgang herangezogen. Dies bedeutet, daß die Schneidplatten 19 nach Verschleiß des ersten Ringschneidensektors noch dreimal in eine neue Position gedreht werden können.In Fig. 6 it is shown that the cutting plates 19 on the support arms 17 each by a central Screw 21 are attached. With the help of the screw 21 is the set rotational position of the cutting plate 19th fixed to the support arm 17. As in Fig. 6 by the angle β is indicated by the circumference of the Ring cutting edge 20 only one angle for the milling process of about 90 °, i. only about a quarter of the circumference of the ring cutting is used for the milling process. This means that the cutting plates 19 after Wear of the first ring cutting sector three more times can be turned into a new position.

Zur näheren Erläuterung des Verfahrensablaufs wird nunmehr nachstehend auf die Fig. 8 bis 11 Bezug genommen. Dieser Verfahrensablauf erfaßt alle möglichen Bearbeitungsvorgänge, nämlich den Randbearbeitungsvorgang (Fig. 8), den Facettierungs-Arbeitsgang (Fig. 9), den Einstech-Arbeitsgang (Fig. 10) und den die Flächenbearbeitung im Rahmen des vorliegenden Verfahrens abschließenden Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges (Fig. 11). In den rechtsseitigen Ansichten der Fig. 8, 9, 10 und 11 ist die relative Bewegung der Werkzeugmitte gegenüber dem Werkstück in punktierten Linien angegeben. Tatsächlich bewegt sich aber nicht das Werkzeug gegenüberdem Werkstück, sondern umgekehrt das Werkstück gegenüber dem Werkzeug.For a more detailed explanation of the procedure will now be to Figs. 8 to 11 Referenced. This procedure covers all possible processing operations, namely the edge processing operation (Figure 8), the faceting operation (FIG. 9), the piercing operation (FIG. 10) and the surface treatment in the context of the present Procedure concluding operation with Machining along the spiral path (Fig. 11). In the right side views of FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and 11 is the relative movement of the tool center the workpiece indicated in dotted lines. In fact, the tool does not move against it Workpiece, but vice versa the workpiece opposite the tool.

Die Schilderung des Verfahrensablaufs erfolgt am Beispiel der Bearbeitung eines Brillenglasrohlings 1 an einem sprödharten Material mittels eines Schleifwerkzeugs 2. Die Bearbeitung eines Brillenglasrohlings aus Kunststoff mittels eines Fräswerkzeugs wird entsprechend vorgenommen. Die Verfahrensschritte Randbearbeitung und Facettieren sind im Verfahrensablauf wahlfreie, wenn auch bevorzugt mitablaufende Vorgänge. Die Fig. 8 bis 11 zeigen die Sequenz der angewendeten Verfahrensschritte. Die nur in Fig. 8 symbolisch angegebenen Achsen x, y, b und c gelten für alle Fig. 8 bis 10.The description of the procedure takes place the example of the processing of a lens blank 1 on a brittle-hard material by means of a grinding tool 2. The processing of a lens blank made of plastic by means of a milling tool is accordingly performed. The process steps Edge processing and faceting are in the process sequence optional, but preferably co-running Operations. Figs. 8 to 11 show the sequence of the applied ones Process steps. The symbolic only in Fig. 8 specified axes x, y, b and c are valid for all Fig. 8 to 10.

Das aufgeblockte Werkstück 1 wird zunächst durch seitliche Verlagerung auf der x-Achse dem Werkzeug 2 angenähert, worauf das Werkstück 1 auf der y-Achse gegenüber dem stets ortsfest verbleibenden Werkzeug 2 verlagert wird, bis das Werkstück 1 sich etwa auf gleicher Höhe mit der Werkzeugachse befindet und der Werkstückrand die kreisförmige Schnittkante 14 tangiert. Hierbei wird bei Rotation von Werkzeug und Werkstück um die jeweiligen Rotationsbewegungsachsen c bzw. b Material vom Werkstückrand abgetragen. Durch weitere seitliche Bewegung des Werkstücks 1 auf der x-Achse und kontinuierliches Zustellen auf der y-Achse wird jetzt eine Bearbeitung des Brillenglasrohlings auf die durch die Brillengestellform vorgegebene Umfangskontur vorgenommen. Bei der Zustellung des Werkstücks 1 auf der y-Achse erfolgt der Werkzeugangriff am Werkstückrand etwa nach Art einer Schraubenlinie.The blocked workpiece 1 is first by lateral displacement on the x-axis of the tool 2, whereupon the workpiece 1 is on the y-axis always remaining stationary Tool 2 is displaced until the workpiece 1 is about at the same height as the tool axis and the workpiece edge is the circular cutting edge 14 touched. This is done with rotation of tool and Workpiece around the respective rotation axes c or b removed material from the edge of the workpiece. By further lateral movement of the workpiece 1 the x-axis and continuous feed on the y-axis is now a processing of the lens blank on the predetermined by the spectacle frame shape Perimeter contour made. At the delivery of the Workpiece 1 on the y-axis is the tool attack on the edge of the workpiece approximately in the manner of a helix.

Nach Fertigstellung der Umfangskontur wird die obere Werkstückumfangskante mittels des Werkzeugs facettiert. Dieser Arbeitsgang erfolgt in kontinuierlicher Abfolge mit den anderen Arbeitsgängen unter ständiger Rotation von Werkstück und Werkzeug. Hierbei wird entsprechend dem Ausmaß und der Richtung der gewünschten Facettierung das Werkstück 1 sowohl dem Werkzeug 2 auf der x-Achse weiter angenähert als auch das Werkstück in einer damit überlagerten Bewegung auf der y-Achse nach unten gefahren, bis die gewünschte Facettenfläche 22 erzielt ist.After completion of the circumferential contour is the upper workpiece peripheral edge by means of the tool faceted. This operation is carried out continuously Sequence with the other operations under constant rotation of workpiece and tool. in this connection will be according to the extent and the direction the desired faceting the workpiece 1 both the tool 2 on the x-axis further approximated than also the workpiece in a superimposed motion drove down on the y-axis until the desired Facet surface 22 is achieved.

In weiterer kontinuierlicher Verfahrensschrittabfolge wird unter ständiger Rotation von Werkstück und Werkzeug um die zugehörigen Rotationsachsen das Werkstück 1 gegenüber dem Werkzeug 2 beim Einstech-Arbeitsgang durch koordinierte, programmgesteuerte Bewegung auf den x- und y-Achsen weiterverlagert, bis Werkzeug und Werkstück etwa die in Fig. 10 gezeigte Relativlage einnehmen. An dieser Stelle des Verfahrensablaufs ist die Hauptmenge des zu entfernenden Rohlingmaterials abgetragen. Hierbei ist eine der zu erzeugenden Oberfläche so weit wie möglich angepaßte ringmuldenförmige Fläche 23 entstanden. Außerdem ist ein Außenrand 24 erzielt, welcher der Sollaußenkontur der optisch wirksamen Brillenglasinnenfläche entspricht. Damit ist der Einstech-Arbeitsgang abgeschlossen.In a further continuous step sequence is under constant rotation of workpiece and tool around the associated rotation axes the workpiece 1 relative to the tool 2 during the piercing operation through coordinated, program-controlled Move movement on the x and y axes, to tool and workpiece about the in Fig. 10 assume shown relative position. At this point of the Procedure is the bulk of the removal Blank material removed. Here is one adapted to the surface to be generated as much as possible ring-shaped surface 23 emerged. Furthermore an outer edge 24 is achieved, which of the desired outer contour the optically effective spectacle lens inner surface equivalent. This completes the piercing operation.

Nunmehr erfolgt wiederum in kontinuierlicher Verfahrensschrittabfolge der in Fig. 11 verdeutlichte letzte Arbeitsgang, welcher der Abtragung der Restmenge des überschüssigen Rohlingmaterials bis zur endgültigen Formgebung der Oberfläche dient. Hierbei erfolgt eine überlagerte Bewegung zwischen dem um seine Achse b rotierenden Werkstück 1 und dem um seine Achse c rotierenden sonst ortsfesten Werkzeug 2 in Richtung der x- und der y-Achse mit spiralförmigem Verlauf der in Fig. 12 dargestellten Bearbeitungsbahn 25 auf der bearbeiteten Oberfläche. Bei diesem letzten Arbeitsgang verschwindet die aus dem Einstech-Arbeitsgang herrührende ringmuldenförmige Fläche, d.h. die etwa kegelförmige Zentralspitze dieser Fläche. Wegen des großen Durchmessers der formgebenden Schnittkante 14 des Werkzeugs 2 entsteht an der spiralförmigen Bearbeitungsbahn nur eine sehr geringe Nutbildung, d.h. eine sehr geringe Spitzenhöhe über dem Nutgrund. Diese beträgt beispielsweise bei einem Durchmesser der Schnittkante 14 von 70 mm nur 0,0642 mm, bei einem Spitzenabstand von 5 mm. Diese Verhältnisse sind in Fig. 13 dargestellt. Es resultiert mithin nach dem letzten Verfahrensschritt, d.h. dem Arbeitsgang mit Bearbeitung entlang des spiralförmigen Weges, eine bearbeitete Oberfläche, die bereits so formgenau ist, daß der dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nachfolgende Feinschleif- und Polieraufwand gering ist.Now again takes place in continuous Process step sequence of the illustrated in Fig. 11 last operation, which is the removal of the remaining quantity of the excess blank material up to final shaping of the surface serves. in this connection a superimposed movement takes place between the his axis b rotating workpiece 1 and the his Axis c rotating otherwise stationary tool 2 in Direction of the x- and the y-axis with a spiral course the processing path 25 shown in Fig. 12 on the machined surface. In this last operation disappears from the piercing operation resulting annular trough-shaped surface, i. the approximately conical central point of this surface. Because of of the large diameter of the shaping cutting edge 14 of the tool 2 is formed on the spiral Machining track only a very slight groove formation, i.e. a very low peak height above the bottom of the groove. This is for example at a diameter the cutting edge 14 of 70 mm only 0.0642 mm, at a tip distance of 5 mm. These relationships are shown in FIG. It therefore results after the last step, i. the operation with Machining along the spiral path, one machined surface that is already so accurate that of the process according to the invention subsequent Fine sanding and polishing effort is low.

Zur Vereinfachung wurde die Erzeugung einer sphärisch-konkaven Oberfläche gezeigt und beschrieben. Selbstverständlich können auch andere, eingangs genannte Flächenformen durch entsprechende Programmsteuerung der x- und y-Achsen erzeugt werden.For the sake of simplicity, the generation of a spherical-concave surface shown and described. Of course, others, at the beginning named surface forms by appropriate program control the x and y axes are generated.

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Oberfläche aus einem Brillenglasrohling beschrieben, das sowohl für sprödharte Materialien als auch für Kunststoffe geeignet ist. Hierbei wird ein scheibenförmiges, rotationssymmetrisches Werkzeug verhältnismässig großen Durchmessers verwendet, mit dessen Hilfe in mindestens zwei Arbeitsgängen, einem Einstech-Arbeitsgang und einem formgebenden Arbeitsgang mit Materialabtragung entlang eines spiralförmigen Weges, das zu entfernende Rohlingmaterial mit hoher Schleif- bzw. Fräsleistung abgetragen wird. Hierbei resultiert aus dem letzten Arbeitsgang eine spiralförmig von außen nach innen verlaufende Bearbeitungsbahn mit geringer Restspitzenhöhe bei relativ großem Spitzenabstand. Die erzeugte Oberfläche bedarf nur geringer Feinschleif- und Poliernachbearbeitung. Wahlweise kann in das Verfahren sowohl ein an die Brillengestellform anpassender Randbearbeitungsvorgang als auch ein den Brillenglasrand facettierender Arbeitsgang integriert sein. Weiterhin werden Werkzeuge zur Durchführung des Schleif- bzw. Fräsverfahrens vorgeschlagen.There will be a method for generating a Surface described from a lens blank, for both brittle-hard materials and for Plastics is suitable. This is a disk-shaped, rotationally symmetric tool relatively used with large diameter Help in at least two operations, one plunge operation and a shaping operation with material removal along a spiral Way, the blank material to be removed with high Abrasive or milling performance is removed. in this connection results from the last operation a spiral from outside to inside running path with low residual tip height with relatively large tip distance. The generated surface requires only a small amount Fine grinding and polishing finishing. Optional can be in the process of both an eyeglass frame shape adaptive edging operation as well an opaque facet the operation of the spectacle lens be. Furthermore, tools for implementation proposed the grinding or milling process.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of producing a concave surface on a spectacle lens blank (workpiece), which corresponds to a considerable extent to the finished inner spectacle lens face, by means of a milling cutter or grinding tool, in which method the block-mounted workpiece and the tool are guided movably relative to one another in a CNC-controlled machining operation along two linear axes of movement (x and y axes) and two axes of rotary motion extending at an angle (α) to one another, of which one is associated with the workpiece (b axis) and the other with the tool (c axis), wherein, to shape the surface, material removal proceeds along a spiral path over the surface, the tool and the workpiece being moved relative to one another in a controlled manner along the x, y and b axes, and a disk-shaped, rotationally symmetrical tool is used as the tool, which is arranged in such a way that the lowest point (16, 16') of the tool is located in relation to the workpiece in a plane defined by the b and x axes, characterised in that the material removal along the spiral path is preceded by a recessing operation, in which the workpiece is rotated about its axis (b) and the tool is moved at least in the direction of the y axis, until an annular trough-like face conformed to the concave surface to be produced at least in the area of the outer edge of the workpiece is achieved, such that, at least in the area of the outer edge, the surface produced on the workpiece corresponds to the desired outer contour of the optically effective inner spectacle lens face.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that, prior to the recessing operation, the spectacle lens edge is machined in an edge machining operation to conform it to the contour of the spectacle frame, wherein tool and workpiece are firstly brought closer together by lateral relative movement on the x axis, whereupon tool and workpiece are displaced towards one another by relative movement on the y axis until the workpiece is located at approximately the same height as the tool axis and the workpiece edge is tangent to the circular cutting edge of the tool, such that, upon rotation of tool and workpiece about the respective axes of rotary motion (c and b axes), material is removed from the workpiece edge, wherein, by lateral relative movement on the x axis and continuous feed on the y axis, machining of the spectacle lens blank proceeds to yield the peripheral contour prescribed by the spectacle frame shape.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the edge machining operation, the recessing operation and machining along the spiral path are performed in a continuous sequence, only a single clamping operation for the workpiece being used.
  4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, prior to the recessing operation and optionally after the edge machining operation, the upper circumferential workpiece edge is faceted by means of the tool, wherein the faceting operation proceeds in continuous sequence with the other operations.
  5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the angle (α) between the workpiece axis (b) and the tool axis (c) amounts to 105° during all operations.
  6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which, to produce a concave surface from a brittle, hard spectacle lens blank, use is made of a disk-shaped grinding tool (2) comprising an annular grinding lip (13), which annular grinding lip (13) is of asymmetrical construction on the tool and ends with its largest radius in a circular shaping cutting edge (14), wherein the rear face (15) of the tool (2) remote from the grinding lip (13) and leading into the cutting edge (14) extends between the axes of rotation of the workpiece (b) and the tool (c) at the angle (α) to the axis of rotation (c) of the tool.
  7. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which, to produce a concave surface from a plastics spectacle lens blank, use is made of a milling cutter (2') which is of disk-shaped construction relative to its rotational shape and is provided with a plurality of supporting arms (17) distributed uniformly about the periphery, to the outer ends of which arms (17) there are attached cutting plates (19) which are oriented radially relative to the axis of rotation (c) of the milling cutter (2') and the cutting edges (20) of which define a shaping toroidal enveloping surface.
  8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the cutting plates (19) may be rotated about their disk centres and may be attached to the supporting arms (17) in the respective rotational positions.
EP96112436A 1995-08-12 1996-08-01 process for manufacturing a concave outer surface on a spectacle lens blank Expired - Lifetime EP0758571B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19529786 1995-08-12
DE19529786A DE19529786C1 (en) 1995-08-12 1995-08-12 Method and tool for producing a concave surface on a lens blank

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EP0758571A1 EP0758571A1 (en) 1997-02-19
EP0758571B1 EP0758571B1 (en) 2002-01-16
EP0758571B2 true EP0758571B2 (en) 2005-09-07
EP0758571B8 EP0758571B8 (en) 2005-11-23

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EP (1) EP0758571B8 (en)
DE (2) DE19529786C1 (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE59608585D1 (en) 2002-02-21
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US6227952B1 (en) 2001-05-08
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