EP0755349B1 - Sealing cap with a guarantee strip - Google Patents

Sealing cap with a guarantee strip Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0755349B1
EP0755349B1 EP96900822A EP96900822A EP0755349B1 EP 0755349 B1 EP0755349 B1 EP 0755349B1 EP 96900822 A EP96900822 A EP 96900822A EP 96900822 A EP96900822 A EP 96900822A EP 0755349 B1 EP0755349 B1 EP 0755349B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tongues
tongue
cap
closure cap
guarantee
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96900822A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0755349A1 (en
Inventor
Udo Bösl
Michael Kirchgessner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
obrist Closures Switzerland
obrist Closures Switzerlandroemerstrasse 83 Ch 41
Original Assignee
Crown Cork AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0755349A1 publication Critical patent/EP0755349A1/en
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Publication of EP0755349B1 publication Critical patent/EP0755349B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3423—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cap with a tearable Guarantee tape according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the condition of the Guarantee bands recognize whether the container has already been opened has been.
  • this grips under Guarantee tape a bead at the container mouth, making it at least partially when opening the container for the first time tears off.
  • Guarantee tapes are particularly common for screw caps used, especially with screw caps for closing of beverage containers. But also other types of caps, such as. Snap locks, can with one tearable guarantee tape.
  • the tearable connection between the guarantee tape and the Cap wall can be designed in many different ways which is widely documented in the relevant patent literature are.
  • the guarantee tape is special often due to tear-off connecting webs with the lower one Edge of the cap wall connected.
  • Latching means are arranged on the inner surface of the guarantee band, which with a cap attached to a bead reach under the container mouth. Often become rigid locking elements connected to the guarantee tape are used. At these locking elements become the assembly of the sealing cap pressed radially outwards when they are over the bead on the Container mouth are pushed. Because the locking elements are rigid connected to the guarantee band, this leads at the same time to a deformation of the guarantee band and thus to a Load on the tearable connection between the guarantee tape and the cap wall. With screw caps this load is additionally caused by shear forces between the Cap wall and through the on the bead of the container mouth adjacent locking device braked guarantee ring reinforced.
  • a problem with the known tongues is their lack of strength, especially the lack of pressure resilience in Longitudinal direction of the tongues. This load occurs when opening the cap, or when trying to Pull the guarantee tape over the bead of the container mouth without tearing it off.
  • the well-known tongues are in bent in the longitudinal direction, resulting in a reduced locking effect which results in tongues. In extreme cases, this can cause the tongues to rest against the bulge of the container mouth leave the directed locking position and assume a downward position away from the base of the cap.
  • WO 94/14673 is a sealing cap with a guarantee band known that a zigzag-shaped retaining element having.
  • the retaining element consists of a plurality of Tongues through a thin, flexible joint be held together.
  • the tongues are along a center line curved.
  • the curvature is designed such that the middle of the tongue forming the thickest part of the tongue at tongues directed towards the top of the container is. Therefore, the area with which the tongues are under reach under a retaining bead, relatively low.
  • the middle of the tongue are thicker than the side Edge areas of the tongues.
  • the lateral edge areas of the tongues directed against the cap bottom become inward directed that they have at least one place have a smaller distance to the cap axis than the center of the tongue.
  • the surfaces facing the cap axis must be of the tongues directed against the base of the cap on at least have a point of curvature, the radius of curvature is smaller than the distance between the tongue and the cap axis.
  • the tongues are preferably symmetrical to the middle of the tongue trained, particularly good results were obtained with Tongues folded symmetrically to the middle of the tongue.
  • the previously mentioned curvature is also in the Area of the middle of the tongue.
  • the curvature of the tongues makes their resilience essential elevated.
  • the load in the longitudinal direction, in particular Bend occurring when the cap is opened the tongue is greatly reduced by its curved shape.
  • the stability of the tongues can be further improved, if the middle of the tongue is thicker than the lateral edge areas of the tongues are formed. Most of the Forces acting on a tongue are then replaced by the thicker ones Transfer the middle of the tongue. Because the middle of the tongue is a bigger one Has a distance to the cap axis as its lateral edge areas this has the added benefit of being the point of attack the main force radially outwards, near the Guarantee band is shifted. The bending stress on the tongues is further reduced.
  • the tongues are preferably designed so that their against the Bead of the container mouth facing the cap axis is inclined. This ensures that the radial Areas of this end face lying further inside in the vertical direction further down and thus further from Cap base are removed than their radially further outside lying areas.
  • the cap is on thus the radially outer area of the tongue on the bead of the The mouth of the container, whereas the lower one, radially inner part of the tongue below the bead on the Creates the neck of the container.
  • the curved inner surface lies against it two places, left and right of the middle of the tongue, at the Outer surface of the container neck.
  • each of the Tongues from a left and a right half of the tongue the meet at an angle in the middle of the tongue is therefore a folded symmetrically to the middle of the tongue Tongue.
  • the angle at which the two tongue halves in the middle meet is preferably about 120 °. But even if this angle is only slightly below the 180 ° limit there is always a place to the left and right of the middle of the tongue, at which their distance to the cap axis is smaller than in the middle of the tongue itself.
  • the tongue halves of those facing the bottom of the cap Tongues each have an inner, facing the cap axis Surface and an outer, directed against the guarantee band Boundary surface.
  • the tongue halves are preferred in this way designed that their inner and outer boundary surface to Divide the middle of the tongue at an angle of 5 ° to 30 °. This ensures that the middle of the tongue is thicker is than the lateral edge areas of the tongue.
  • the entire free end of the tongue is radial swiveled outside, but the tongue is also in bent up and its thinner, lateral edge areas are also outwards in relation to the middle of the tongue shifted.
  • the tongues can be along the Guarantee tape can be arranged. In particular, the distance different between tongues arranged side by side to get voted. In a preferred embodiment variant the tongues close together along the guarantee band arranged.
  • the side edges from side by side tongues are arranged by a flexible material bridge articulated together. In this way creates a longer one, consisting of several tongues Tongue tape. This ensures that the tongues are mutual hold in position so they are no longer like that can be pivoted easily. This is an advantage if the cap is poured in a mold in which the Tongues facing downwards, away from the base of the cap. This The position of the tongues is used to pour the cap preferred, as the cap can be removed from the mold better after casting leaves.
  • the tongues must then come out of their downward position can be pivoted inwards. This is preferably done in a separate operation before putting on the sealing cap. Have the tongues but basically the tendency to go back to their original, return cast position. One way around Avoiding this now consists of placing them side by side Connect tongues together, as already mentioned above has been described. The tongues then hold each other in their inner, directed against the cap bottom Location.
  • a circumferential guarantee ring is preferred as the guarantee band used with the tongues evenly along the circumference the guarantee rings are distributed.
  • the closure cap shown in Figure 1 has one Cap base 1, an adjoining cap wall 2 and a Tearable located at the bottom of the cap wall Guarantee band 3 on.
  • the guarantee band 3 is through predetermined breaking bars 4 integrally connected to the cap wall 2.
  • guaranteed band 3 is a revolving Guarantee ring. This is shown in one in FIG from above, according to the sectional plane drawn in FIG. 1 A-A shown. From the inside surface of the guarantee ring 3, several tongues 5 extend radially inwards. This one tongues 5 shown are arranged close to each other and through flexible material bridges 17 to a circumferential inner tongue band connected. On these connecting bridges 17 can also be dispensed with, so that side by side arranged tongues are independent of each other.
  • the tongues 5 are only at one end by an articulated connection 19 connected to the guarantee ring 3.
  • This articulation 19 allows the free end of the tongues 5 in radial direction to pivot, so this in particular when the cap is put on radially for the first time on the outside if it is over the bulge at the mouth of the container slides.
  • the hinge connection 19 is preferably on arranged at the bottom of the guarantee ring, in principle however, it is also possible that the guarantee ring will cover the Connection point of the articulation 19 downwards extends.
  • the lateral edge areas 7 are symmetrical to Tongue center 8 folded inwards.
  • the tongues 5 are thus in the Area of the tongue center 8 curved, which increases the pressure resistance the tongue is significantly increased. They are also Tongue centers 8 thicker than the lateral edge areas 7 of the Tongues trained. This ensures that the largest Part of the forces acting on the tongues through the middle of the tongue is transmitted. The mechanical stability of the tongues is further increased.
  • the thinner edge regions 7 give the tongues one in itself spring action, which is the spring action of the articulation 19 additionally supported.
  • the sealing cap When putting on for the first time the sealing cap is initially the lateral edge areas 7 of the tongues on the bead of the container mouth. Becomes the unscrewing movement continues, so they pivot individual tongues 5 fürsetis around their hinge 19 radially outwards.
  • the tongues 5 also have a resilient effect on the bulge of the container mouth adjacent edge regions 7 of the tongues are relative to the tongue centers 8 pressed radially outwards.
  • the individual tongues each consist of two tongue halves 7a, 7b, each with an inner boundary surface 14 and one inner boundary surface 15.
  • the tongue halves meet in the middle together at an angle ⁇ of approx. 120 °.
  • the boundary surfaces 14, 15 of the tongue halves go to the middle of the tongue apart at an angle ( ⁇ ) of approx. 15 °, see above that the middle of the tongue 8 thicker than the lateral edge areas 7 of the tongues is.
  • Figure 3 shows the closure cap already shown in Figure 1 in a down position from the bottom of the cap tongues 5a directed away.
  • the tongues are preferred in poured this position and then in a separate Working in their inner, directed against the cap bottom Folded position.
  • Figure 4 shows the sectional view of an alternative Variant in which individual tongues are spaced equally distributed along the circumference of the guarantee ring are.
  • the tongues 5b can either in the position shown or in an analogous to FIG. 3 is poured downward position, then before installing the cap have to be folded inwards.
  • the one shown here Example are only six tongues along the circumference of the Guarantee band distributed. However, one is preferred larger number of tongues used, which then accordingly denser, that is, with smaller distances along the To be distributed circumferentially.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verschlusskappe mit einem abreissbaren Garantieband gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Bei solchen Verschlusskappen lässt sich an dem Zustand des Garantiebands erkennen, ob der Behälter bereits einmal geöffnet wurde. Bei aufgesetzter Verschlusskappe untergreift das Garantieband einen Wulst an der Behältermündung, so dass es beim erstmaligen Oeffnen des Behälters wenigstens teilweise abreisst.The invention relates to a cap with a tearable Guarantee tape according to the preamble of claim 1. With such caps, the condition of the Guarantee bands recognize whether the container has already been opened has been. When the cap is on, this grips under Guarantee tape a bead at the container mouth, making it at least partially when opening the container for the first time tears off.

Besonders häufig werden Garantiebänder bei Schraubverschlüssen verwendet, insbesondere bei Schraubkappen zum Verschliessen von Getränkebehältern. Aber auch andere Arten von Verschlusskappen, wie z.B. Schnappverschlüsse, können mit einem abreissbaren Garantieband versehen werden.Guarantee tapes are particularly common for screw caps used, especially with screw caps for closing of beverage containers. But also other types of caps, such as. Snap locks, can with one tearable guarantee tape.

Zum Verschliessen von Einweg-Behältern werden in der Regel Verschlusskappen mit einem ringförmig umlaufenden Garantieband verwendet, welches nach dem erstmaligen Oeffnen des Behälters auf dem Behälterhals verbleibt. Dagegen wird das Garantieband bei Verschlüssen von Mehrweg-Behältern bevorzugt derart mit der Kappenwand verbunden, dass es beim Oeffnen des Behälters nur teilweise abreisst und daher stets mit der Kappenwand verbunden bleibt. Bei dieser Variante wird auch häufig ein kürzeres Garantieband verwendet, dass sich nur über einen Teil des Umfangs der Kappenwand erstreckt.As a rule, are used to close disposable containers Caps with an all-round guarantee band used, which after opening the Remains on the neck of the container. Against that Guarantee tape preferred for closures of reusable containers connected to the cap wall in such a way that when the Container only partially tears off and therefore always with the Cap wall remains connected. With this variant, too often uses a shorter guarantee band that just extends over part of the circumference of the cap wall.

Die abreissbare Verbindung zwischen dem Garantieband und der Kappenwand kann auf viele verschiedene Arten gestaltet werden, die in der einschlägigen Patentliteratur breit dokumentiert sind. Bei Verschlusskappen welche einstückig aus Kunststoff gefertigt werden, wird das Garantieband besonders häufig durch abreissbare Verbindungsstege mit dem unteren Rand der Kappenwand verbunden. The tearable connection between the guarantee tape and the Cap wall can be designed in many different ways which is widely documented in the relevant patent literature are. For sealing caps which are made of one piece of plastic are made, the guarantee tape is special often due to tear-off connecting webs with the lower one Edge of the cap wall connected.

An der Innenfläche des Garantiebands sind Rastmittel angeordnet, welche bei aufgesetzter Verschlusskappe einen Wulst an der Behältermündung untergreifen. Häufig werden dazu starr mit dem Garantieband verbundene Rastelemente verwendet. Bei der Montage der Verschlusskappe werden diese Rastelemente radial nach aussen gedrückt, wenn sie über den Wulst an der Behältermündung geschoben werden. Da die Rastelemente starr mit dem Garantieband verbunden sind, führt dies gleichzeitig zu einer Verformung des Garantiebands und somit zu einer Belastung der abreissbaren Verbindung zwischen dem Garantieband und der Kappenwand. Bei Schraubverschlüssen wird diese Belastung zusätzlich durch Schubkräfte zwischen der Kappenwand und dem durch die am Wulst der Behältermündung anliegenden Rastmittel gebremsten Garantiering verstärkt. in der EP-A2 117 104 wurde daher bereits vorgeschlagen, von der Innenseite des Garantiebands radial einwärts abstehende Zungen als Rastmittel zu verwenden, die bei aufgesetzter Verschlusskappe nach oben, gegen den Kappenboden gerichtet sind und den Wulst an der Behältermündung untergreifen. Diese Zungen sind lediglich an einem Ende mit dem Garantieband verbunden und ihr freies Ende ist in radialer Richtung relativ zu dem Garantieband verschwenkbar. Diese Zungen können daher in radialer Richtung nach aussen geschwenkt werden, wenn sie bei der erstmaligen Montage der Verschlusskappe über den Wulst an der Behältermündung gleiten. Die dabei auftretende Belastung des Garantiebands und seiner abreissbaren Verbindung mit der Kappenwand kann so wesentlich reduziert werden.Latching means are arranged on the inner surface of the guarantee band, which with a cap attached to a bead reach under the container mouth. Often become rigid locking elements connected to the guarantee tape are used. At these locking elements become the assembly of the sealing cap pressed radially outwards when they are over the bead on the Container mouth are pushed. Because the locking elements are rigid connected to the guarantee band, this leads at the same time to a deformation of the guarantee band and thus to a Load on the tearable connection between the guarantee tape and the cap wall. With screw caps this load is additionally caused by shear forces between the Cap wall and through the on the bead of the container mouth adjacent locking device braked guarantee ring reinforced. in EP-A2 117 104 has therefore already been proposed by Radially inward protruding inside of the guarantee band To use tongues as locking means when attached Cap upwards, directed against the bottom of the cap and reach under the bead at the mouth of the container. This Tongues are only at one end with the guarantee band connected and its free end is relative in the radial direction pivotable to the guarantee band. These tongues can therefore be pivoted outwards in the radial direction, if they are over when the cap is installed for the first time slide the bead on the container mouth. The one that occurs Loading of the guarantee tape and its tearable Connection with the cap wall can thus be significantly reduced become.

Ein Problem der bekannten Zungen ist ihre mangelnde Festigkeit, insbesondere die mangelnde Druck-Belastbarkeit in Längsrichtung der Zungen. Diese Belastung tritt beim Oeffnen der Verschlusskappe auf, oder auch bei dem Versuch, das Garantieband über den Wulst der Behältermündung zu ziehen ohne es abzureissen. Die bekannten Zungen werden dabei in ihrer Längsrichtung durchgebogen, was ein verminderte Sperrwirkung der Zungen zur Folge hat. Im Extremfall kann dies dazu führen, dass die Zungen ihre gegen den Wulst der Behältermündung gerichtete Verriegelungsstellung verlassen und eine nach unten, vom Kappenboden weggerichtete Lage einnehmen.A problem with the known tongues is their lack of strength, especially the lack of pressure resilience in Longitudinal direction of the tongues. This load occurs when opening the cap, or when trying to Pull the guarantee tape over the bead of the container mouth without tearing it off. The well-known tongues are in bent in the longitudinal direction, resulting in a reduced locking effect which results in tongues. In extreme cases, this can cause the tongues to rest against the bulge of the container mouth leave the directed locking position and assume a downward position away from the base of the cap.

Aus WO 94/14673 ist eine Verschlusskappe mit einem Garantieband bekannt, das ein zick-zack-förmiges Rückhalteelement aufweist. Das Rückhalteelement besteht aus einer Mehrzahl von Zungen, die durch eine dünne, flexible Verbindungsstelle zusammengehalten werden. Die Zungen sind entlang einer Mittellinie gekrümmt. Die Krümmung ist derart ausgebildet, dass die den dicksten Teil der Zunge bildende Zungenmitte bei nach oben gerichteten Zungen gegen die Behältermündung gerichtet ist. Deshalb ist die Fläche, mit welcher die Zungen unter einem Rückhaltewulst untergreifen, verhältnismässig gering.From WO 94/14673 is a sealing cap with a guarantee band known that a zigzag-shaped retaining element having. The retaining element consists of a plurality of Tongues through a thin, flexible joint be held together. The tongues are along a center line curved. The curvature is designed such that the middle of the tongue forming the thickest part of the tongue at tongues directed towards the top of the container is. Therefore, the area with which the tongues are under reach under a retaining bead, relatively low.

Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Belastbarkeit der bereits bekannten Zungen weiter zu verbessern und den Eingriff der Zungen unter einem Wulst an der Behältermündung zu verbessern. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch eine Verschlusskappe mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst.It is therefore an object of the invention, the resilience to further improve the already known tongues and the The tongues engage under a bulge at the container mouth to improve. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a Closure cap with the features of claim 1 solved.

Die Zungenmitten sind dicker ausgebildet als die seitlichen Randbereiche der Zungen. Die seitlichen Randbereiche der gegen den Kappenboden gerichteten Zungen werden derart einwärts gerichtet, dass sie an wenigstens einer Stelle einen geringeren Abstand zur Kappenachse aufweisen als die Zungenmitte. Dazu müssen die zur Kappenachse gerichteten Flächen der gegen den Kappenboden gerichteten Zungen an wenigstens einer Stelle eine Krümmung aufweisen, deren Krümmungsradius kleiner ist als der Abstand zwischen der Zunge und der Kappenachse. Bevorzugt werden die Zungen symmetrisch zur Zungenmitte ausgebildet, besonders gute Ergebnisse wurden mit symmetrisch zur Zungenmitte gefalteten Zungen erreicht. Die zuvor angesprochene Krümmung befindet sich dabei ebenfalls im Bereich der Zungenmitte.The middle of the tongue are thicker than the side Edge areas of the tongues. The lateral edge areas of the tongues directed against the cap bottom become inward directed that they have at least one place have a smaller distance to the cap axis than the center of the tongue. For this, the surfaces facing the cap axis must be of the tongues directed against the base of the cap on at least have a point of curvature, the radius of curvature is smaller than the distance between the tongue and the cap axis. The tongues are preferably symmetrical to the middle of the tongue trained, particularly good results were obtained with Tongues folded symmetrically to the middle of the tongue. The previously mentioned curvature is also in the Area of the middle of the tongue.

Durch die Krümmung der Zungen wird deren Belastbarkeit wesentlich erhöht. Die bei Belastung in Längsrichtung, insbesondere beim Oeffnen der Verschlusskappe auftretende Biegung der Zungen wird durch ihre gekrümmte Form stark vermindert. Die Stabilität der Zungen lässt sich weiter verbessern, wenn die Zungenmitte dicker als die seitlichen Randbereiche der Zungen ausgebildet werden. Der grösste Teil der auf eine Zunge einwirkenden Kräfte wird dann durch die dickere Zungenmitte übertragen. Da die Zungenmitte einen grösseren Abstand zur Kappenachse aufweist als ihre seitlichen Randbereiche hat dies den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass der Angriffspunkt der Hauptkraft radial nach aussen, in die Nähe des Garantiebands verlagert wird. Die Biegebelastung der Zungen wird dadurch weiter reduziert. The curvature of the tongues makes their resilience essential elevated. The load in the longitudinal direction, in particular Bend occurring when the cap is opened the tongue is greatly reduced by its curved shape. The stability of the tongues can be further improved, if the middle of the tongue is thicker than the lateral edge areas of the tongues are formed. Most of the Forces acting on a tongue are then replaced by the thicker ones Transfer the middle of the tongue. Because the middle of the tongue is a bigger one Has a distance to the cap axis as its lateral edge areas this has the added benefit of being the point of attack the main force radially outwards, near the Guarantee band is shifted. The bending stress on the tongues is further reduced.

Die Zungen werden bevorzugt so gestaltet, dass ihre gegen den Wulst der Behältermündung gerichtete Stirnfläche zur Kappenachse hingeneigt ist. Damit wird erreicht, dass die in radialem Sinne weiter innen liegenden Bereiche dieser Stirnfläche in vertikaler Richtung weiter unten und somit weiter vom Kappenboden entfernt sind als ihre radial weiter aussen liegenden Bereiche. Bei aufgesetzter Verschlusskappe liegt somit der radial äussere Bereich der Zunge an dem Wulst der Behältermündung an, wogegen sich der weiter unten liegende, radial innere Teil der Zunge unterhalb des Wulsts an den Behälterhals anlegt. Die gekrümmte Innenfläche liegt dabei an zwei Stellen, links und rechts von der Zungenmitte, an der Aussenfläche des Behälterhalses an. Bevorzugt werden die Stirnflächen der Zungen stärker als eine senkrecht zu neutralen Faser der jeweiligen Zunge stehende Normalebene zur Kappenachse hin geneigt.The tongues are preferably designed so that their against the Bead of the container mouth facing the cap axis is inclined. This ensures that the radial Areas of this end face lying further inside in the vertical direction further down and thus further from Cap base are removed than their radially further outside lying areas. When the cap is on thus the radially outer area of the tongue on the bead of the The mouth of the container, whereas the lower one, radially inner part of the tongue below the bead on the Creates the neck of the container. The curved inner surface lies against it two places, left and right of the middle of the tongue, at the Outer surface of the container neck. The are preferred End faces of the tongues stronger than one perpendicular to neutral The normal plane of the respective tongue Cap axis inclined.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante besteht jede der Zungen aus einer linken und einer rechten Zungenhälfte, die in der Mitte der Zunge unter einem Winkel zusammentreffen.Es handelt sich somit um eine symmetrisch zur Zungenmitte gefaltete Zunge. Der Winkel, unter dem die beiden Zungenhälften in der Mitte zusammentreffen beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 120°. Aber auch wenn dieser Winkel nur wenig unterhalb der 180°-Grenze liegt, gibt es immer eine Stelle links und rechts von der Zungenmitte, an der ihr Abstand zur Kappenachse kleiner als im Bereich der Zungenmitte selbst ist.In a preferred embodiment, each of the Tongues from a left and a right half of the tongue, the meet at an angle in the middle of the tongue is therefore a folded symmetrically to the middle of the tongue Tongue. The angle at which the two tongue halves in the middle meet is preferably about 120 °. But even if this angle is only slightly below the 180 ° limit there is always a place to the left and right of the middle of the tongue, at which their distance to the cap axis is smaller than in the middle of the tongue itself.

Die Zungenhälften der gegen den Kappenboden gerichteten Zungen haben je eine innere, zur Kappenachse gerichtete Fläche und eine äussere, gegen das Garantieband gerichtete Begrenzungsfläche. Bevorzugt werden die Zungenhälften so gestaltet, dass ihre innere und äussere Begrenzungsfläche zur Zungenmitte hin unter einem Winkel von 5° bis 30° auseinandergehen. Damit wird erreicht, dass die Zungenmitte dicker ist, als die seitlichen Randbereiche der Zunge. Dadurch wird die in radialer Richtung federnde Wirkung der Zungen zusätzlich unterstützt: wenn die Zungen bei der Montage der Verschlusskappe über den Wulst der Behältermündung geschoben werden, so liegen zunächst ihre dünneren, seitlichen Randbereiche an dem Wulst an. Beim Fortsetzen der Aufsetzbewegung wird einerseits das gesamte freie Ende der Zunge radial nach aussen verschwenkt, daneben wird die Zunge jedoch auch in sich aufgebogen und ihre dünneren, seitlichen Randbereiche werden in Bezug auf die Zungenmitte ebenfalls nach aussen verlagert.The tongue halves of those facing the bottom of the cap Tongues each have an inner, facing the cap axis Surface and an outer, directed against the guarantee band Boundary surface. The tongue halves are preferred in this way designed that their inner and outer boundary surface to Divide the middle of the tongue at an angle of 5 ° to 30 °. This ensures that the middle of the tongue is thicker is than the lateral edge areas of the tongue. This will the resilient effect of the tongues in the radial direction supports: if the tongues when installing the sealing cap pushed over the bulge of the container mouth are initially their thinner, lateral edge areas on the bead. When continuing the touchdown movement on the one hand, the entire free end of the tongue is radial swiveled outside, but the tongue is also in bent up and its thinner, lateral edge areas are also outwards in relation to the middle of the tongue shifted.

Die Zungen können auf unterschiedliche Weise entlang dem Garantieband angeordnet werden. Insbesondere kann der Abstand zwischen nebeneinander angeordneten Zungen unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante werden die Zungen entlang dem Garantieband dicht nebeneinander angeordnet. Die seitlichen Ränder von nebeneinander angeordneten Zungen werden dabei durch eine flexible Materialbrücke gelenkig miteinander verbunden. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine längeres, aus mehreren Zungen bestehendes Zungenband. Damit wird erreicht, dass sich die Zungen gegenseitig in ihrer Position halten, so dass sie nicht mehr so leicht verschwenkt werden können. Dies ist von Vorteil, wenn die Verschlusskappe in einer Form gegossen wird, in der die Zungen nach unten, vom Kappenboden weggerichtet sind. Diese Position der Zungen wird zum Giessen der Verschlusskappe bevorzugt, da sich die Kappe nach dem Giessen besser entformen lässt. Die Zungen müssen jedoch anschliessend aus ihrer nach unten gerichteten Position nach innen verschwenkt werden. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise in einem separaten Arbeitsgang vor dem Aufsetzen der Verschlusskappe. Die Zungen haben jedoch grundsätzlich die Tendenz, wieder in ihre ursprüngliche, gegossene Position zurückzukehren. Eine Möglichkeit um dies zu vermeiden, besteht nun darin, nebeneinander angordnete Zungen miteinander zu verbinden, wie dies bereits vorstehend beschrieben wurde. Die Zungen halten sich dann gegenseitig in ihrer inneren, gegen den Kappenboden gerichteten Lage.The tongues can be along the Guarantee tape can be arranged. In particular, the distance different between tongues arranged side by side to get voted. In a preferred embodiment variant the tongues close together along the guarantee band arranged. The side edges from side by side tongues are arranged by a flexible material bridge articulated together. In this way creates a longer one, consisting of several tongues Tongue tape. This ensures that the tongues are mutual hold in position so they are no longer like that can be pivoted easily. This is an advantage if the cap is poured in a mold in which the Tongues facing downwards, away from the base of the cap. This The position of the tongues is used to pour the cap preferred, as the cap can be removed from the mold better after casting leaves. However, the tongues must then come out of their downward position can be pivoted inwards. This is preferably done in a separate operation before putting on the sealing cap. Have the tongues but basically the tendency to go back to their original, return cast position. One way around Avoiding this now consists of placing them side by side Connect tongues together, as already mentioned above has been described. The tongues then hold each other in their inner, directed against the cap bottom Location.

Werden einzelne, im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Zungen verwendet, so können diese auf andere Art in ihrer gegen den Kappenboden gerichteten Position fixiert werden, z.B. durch kurzzeitige Wärmezufuhr nachdem die Zungen in diese Position geschwenkt wurden. Eine mögliche Alternative besteht darin, die Zungen direkt beim Aufsetzen der Verschlusskappe durch die Behältermündung nach innen zu verschwenken. Dazu ist jedoch in der Regel eine besonders gestaltete Behältermündung erforderlich.Are individual, spaced tongues used, they can be used in a different way in their against the Fixed to the base of the cap, e.g. by brief heat supply after the tongues in this position were pivoted. A possible alternative is the tongues directly when the cap is put on to pivot the container mouth inwards. Is to however, usually a specially designed container mouth required.

Bevorzugt wird als Garantieband ein umlaufender Garantiering verwendet, wobei die Zungen gleichmässig entlang dem Umfang der Garantierings verteilt angeordnet sind.A circumferential guarantee ring is preferred as the guarantee band used with the tongues evenly along the circumference the guarantee rings are distributed.

Die Erfindung ist im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemässen Verschlusskappe gemäss Schnittebene B-B in Figur 2.
Figur 2
Das Garantieband der in Figur 1 dargestellten Verschlusskappe von oben, gemäss Ebene A-A in Figur 1,
Figur 3
die Schnittdarstellung der bereits in Figur 1 gezeigten Verschlusskappe mit nach unten gerichteten Zungen,
Figur 4
die Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren Verschlusskappe mit mehreren im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Zungen und
Figur 5
eine auf eine Behältermündung aufgesetzte Verschlusskappe.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figure 1
the sectional view of a closure cap according to the invention according to section plane BB in Figure 2.
Figure 2
The guarantee band of the closure cap shown in FIG. 1 from above, according to level AA in FIG. 1,
Figure 3
2 shows the sectional view of the closure cap already shown in FIG. 1 with the tongues pointing downwards,
Figure 4
the sectional view of a further closure cap with a plurality of spaced tongues and
Figure 5
a closure cap placed on a container mouth.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Verschlusskappe weist einen Kappenboden 1, eine daran anschliessende Kappenwand 2 und ein am unteren Rand der Kappenwand angeordnetes, abreissbares Garantieband 3 auf. Das Garantieband 3 ist durch Sollbruchstege 4 einstückig mit der Kappenwand 2 verbunden. Bei dem hier gezeigten Garantieband 3 handelt es sich um einen umlaufenden Garantiering. Dieser ist in Figur 2 in einer an sich von oben, gemäss der in Figur 1 eingezeichneten Schnittebene A-A dargestellt. Von der Innenfläche des Garantierings 3 erstrecken sich mehrere Zungen 5 radial einwärts. Die hier dargestellten Zungen 5 sind dicht nebeneinander angeordnet und durch flexible Materialbrücken 17 zu einem umlaufenden inneren Zungenband verbunden. Auf diese Verbindungsbrücken 17 kann jedoch auch verzichtet werden, so dass nebeneinander angeordnete Zungen voneinander unabhängig sind.The closure cap shown in Figure 1 has one Cap base 1, an adjoining cap wall 2 and a Tearable located at the bottom of the cap wall Guarantee band 3 on. The guarantee band 3 is through predetermined breaking bars 4 integrally connected to the cap wall 2. In which here guaranteed band 3 is a revolving Guarantee ring. This is shown in one in FIG from above, according to the sectional plane drawn in FIG. 1 A-A shown. From the inside surface of the guarantee ring 3, several tongues 5 extend radially inwards. This one tongues 5 shown are arranged close to each other and through flexible material bridges 17 to a circumferential inner tongue band connected. On these connecting bridges 17 can also be dispensed with, so that side by side arranged tongues are independent of each other.

Die Zungen 5 sind lediglich an einem Ende durch eine Gelenkverbindung 19 mit dem Garantiering 3 verbunden. Diese Gelenkverbindung 19 ermöglicht es, das freie Ende der Zungen 5 in radialer Richtung zu verschwenken, so dass dieses insbesondere beim erstmaligen Aufsetzen der Verschlusskappe radial nach aussen weichen kann, wenn es über den Wulst an der Behältermündung gleitet. Die Gelenkverbindung 19 wird bevorzugt am unteren Rand des Garantierings angeordnet, grundsätzlich wäre es jedoch auch möglich, dass sich der Garantiering über den Anschlusspunkt der Gelenkverbindung 19 hinaus nach unten erstreckt.The tongues 5 are only at one end by an articulated connection 19 connected to the guarantee ring 3. This articulation 19 allows the free end of the tongues 5 in radial direction to pivot, so this in particular when the cap is put on radially for the first time on the outside if it is over the bulge at the mouth of the container slides. The hinge connection 19 is preferably on arranged at the bottom of the guarantee ring, in principle however, it is also possible that the guarantee ring will cover the Connection point of the articulation 19 downwards extends.

In der linken Hälfte von Figur 1 ist ein Schnitt durch eine Zungenmitte dargestellt, wogegen in der rechten Hälfte der Figur 1 ein Schnitt durch den Randbereich einer Zunge gezeigt wird. Dies ist auch aus der Schnittebenen B-B in Figur 2 ersichtlich. Die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 der gegen den Kappenboden 1 gerichteten Zungen 5 sind derart einwärts gerichtet, dass sie in ihrem Randbereich einen geringeren Abstand 9 zur Kappenachse aufweisen als die Zungenmitte 8. In the left half of Figure 1 is a section through a The middle of the tongue is shown, whereas in the right half of the Figure 1 shows a section through the edge region of a tongue becomes. This is also from the section plane B-B in Figure 2 evident. The lateral edge areas 7 against the Cap bottom 1 directed tongues 5 are inward directed that they have a smaller in their edge area Have a distance 9 from the cap axis than the tongue center 8.

Die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 sind dabei symmetrisch zur Zungenmitte 8 einwärts gefaltet. Die Zungen 5 sind somit im Bereich der Zungenmitte 8 gekrümmt, wodurch die Druckbelastbarkeit der Zungen wesentlich erhöht wird. Ausserdem sind die Zungenmitten 8 dicker als die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 der Zungen ausgebildet. Damit wird erreicht, dass der grösste Teil der auf die Zungen wirkenden Kräfte durch die Zungenmitte übertragen wird. Die mechanische Stabilität der Zungen wird dadurch weiter erhöht.The lateral edge areas 7 are symmetrical to Tongue center 8 folded inwards. The tongues 5 are thus in the Area of the tongue center 8 curved, which increases the pressure resistance the tongue is significantly increased. They are also Tongue centers 8 thicker than the lateral edge areas 7 of the Tongues trained. This ensures that the largest Part of the forces acting on the tongues through the middle of the tongue is transmitted. The mechanical stability of the tongues is further increased.

Die dünneren Randbereiche 7 verleihen den Zungen eine in sich federnde Wirkung, welche die federnde Wirkung der Gelenkverbindung 19 zusätzlich unterstützt. Beim erstmaligen Aufsetzen der Verschlusskappe liegen zunächst die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 der Zungen an dem Wulst der Behältermündung an. Wird die Aufschraubbewegung fortgesetzt, so verschwenken die einzelnen Zungen 5 einersetis um ihre Gelenkverbindung 19 radial nach aussen. Zusätzlich haben die Zungen 5 Jedoch auch eine in sich federnde Wirkung, die am Wulst der Behältermündung anliegenden Randbereiche 7 der Zungen werden relativ zu den Zungenmitten 8 radial nach aussen gedrückt.The thinner edge regions 7 give the tongues one in itself spring action, which is the spring action of the articulation 19 additionally supported. When putting on for the first time the sealing cap is initially the lateral edge areas 7 of the tongues on the bead of the container mouth. Becomes the unscrewing movement continues, so they pivot individual tongues 5 einersetis around their hinge 19 radially outwards. In addition, the tongues 5 also have a resilient effect on the bulge of the container mouth adjacent edge regions 7 of the tongues are relative to the tongue centers 8 pressed radially outwards.

Die einzelnen Zungen bestehen aus je zwei Zungenhälften 7a, 7b, mit je einer inneren Begrenzungsfläche 14 und einer inneren Begrenzungsfläche 15. Die Zungenhälften treffen in der Mitte unter einem Winkel β von ca. 120° zusammen. Die Begrenzungsflächen 14, 15 der Zungenhälften gehen zur Zungenmitte hin unter einem Winkel (γ) von ca. 15° auseinander, so dass die Zungenmitte 8 dicker als die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 der Zungen ist.The individual tongues each consist of two tongue halves 7a, 7b, each with an inner boundary surface 14 and one inner boundary surface 15. The tongue halves meet in the middle together at an angle β of approx. 120 °. The boundary surfaces 14, 15 of the tongue halves go to the middle of the tongue apart at an angle (γ) of approx. 15 °, see above that the middle of the tongue 8 thicker than the lateral edge areas 7 of the tongues is.

Die gegen den Kappenboden 1 gerichteten Stirnflächen 11 der Zungen 5 sind um einen Winkel α stärker als eine senkrecht zur neutralen Faser 12 der jeweiligen Zunge stehende Normalebene 18 zur Kappenachse 13 hin geneigt. Dadurch wird der Höhenunterschied zwischen der radial weiter aussen liegenden Zungenmitte 8 und den einwärts gerichteten Randbereichen 7 der Zungen zusätzlich verstärkt. Aufgrund dieses Höhenunterschieds liegt bei aufgesetzter Verschlusskappe die Zungenmitte 8 an der Unterseite des Wulsts 6 (Figur 5) an. Dagegen liegen die seitlichen Randbereiche 7 der Zungen 5 unterhalb des Wulsts 6 an der Aussenfläche 20 des Behälterhalses an.The end faces 11 directed against the cap base 1 Tongues 5 are stronger than an angle α by an angle normal plane to the neutral fiber 12 of the respective tongue 18 inclined towards the cap axis 13. This will make the Height difference between the radially outward Tongue center 8 and the inward edge regions 7 the tongues additionally reinforced. Because of this height difference the middle of the tongue lies when the cap is on 8 on the underside of the bead 6 (Figure 5). On the other hand are the lateral edge regions 7 of the tongues 5 below of the bead 6 on the outer surface 20 of the container neck.

Figur 3 zeigt die bereits in Figur 1 dargestellte Verschlusskappe in einer Position mit nach unten, vom Kappenboden weggerichteten Zungen 5a. Die Zungen werden bevorzugt in dieser Position gegossen und anschliessend in einem separaten Arbeitsgang in ihre innere, gegen den Kappenboden gerichtete Position gefaltet. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Zungen, wie in diesem Beispiel gezeigt, dicht nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Nachdem die Zungen nach innen verschenkt wurden, können sich die dicht nebeneinander angeordneten Zungen gegenseitig in dieser Position halten. Wären die Zungen auf grösserem Abstand zueinander angeordnet, so hätten sie die Tendenz, wieder in ihre ursprüngliche (durch Giessen erzeugte), nach unten gerichtete Position zurückzukehren. Besonders wirksam lässt sich dies verhindern, wenn die seitlichen Ränder von nebeneinander angordneten Zungen durch eine flexible Materialbrücke 17 (Figur 1) gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind.Figure 3 shows the closure cap already shown in Figure 1 in a down position from the bottom of the cap tongues 5a directed away. The tongues are preferred in poured this position and then in a separate Working in their inner, directed against the cap bottom Folded position. In this context, it is advantageous if the tongues, as shown in this example, are close together are arranged. After the tongues inside were given away, can be arranged close to each other Hold tongues in this position. If the tongues were arranged at a greater distance from one another, so they would have a tendency to go back to their original (created by casting) downward position to return. This can be prevented particularly effectively, when the side edges are arranged side by side Tongues articulated by a flexible material bridge 17 (Figure 1) are interconnected.

Figur 4 zeigt die Schnittdarstellung einer alternativen Variante, bei der einzelne Zungen mit gleichen Abständen entlang dem Umfang des Garantierings verteilt angeordnet sind. Für die grundsätzliche Funktion und Wirkung dieser Zunge gilt auch hier dasselbe wie für die in Figur 1 gezeigten, miteinander verbunden Zungen. Die Zungen 5b können entweder in der gezeigten Position oder in einer analog zu Figur 3 nach unten gerichteten Position gegossen werden, wobei sie dann vor der Montage der Verschlusskappe zunächst nach innen gefaltet werden müssen. Bei dem hier dargestellten Beispiel sind lediglich sechs Zungen entlang dem Umfang des Garantiebands verteilt angeordnet. Bevorzugt wird jedoch eine grössere Anzahl von Zungen verwendet, die dann entsprechend dichter, das heisst mit kleineren Abständen, entlang dem Umfang verteilt angeordnet werden.Figure 4 shows the sectional view of an alternative Variant in which individual tongues are spaced equally distributed along the circumference of the guarantee ring are. For the basic function and effect of this Tongue also applies here as for the ones shown in FIG. interconnected tongues. The tongues 5b can either in the position shown or in an analogous to FIG. 3 is poured downward position, then before installing the cap have to be folded inwards. The one shown here Example are only six tongues along the circumference of the Guarantee band distributed. However, one is preferred larger number of tongues used, which then accordingly denser, that is, with smaller distances along the To be distributed circumferentially.

Claims (7)

  1. A closure cap for closing a container mouth having a cap end portion (1) and a cap wall (2) which adjoins same and at the lower edge of which is arranged an anti-tamper strip (3) which can be torn away, and a plurality of tongues (5) which project radially inwardly from the inside surface of the anti-tamper strip and which when the closure cap is fitted are directed upwardly towards the cap end portion (1) to engage under a bead (6) at the container mouth, characterised in that the tongue centres (8) are thicker than the lateral edge regions (7) and that the lateral edge regions (7) of the tongues (5) which are directed towards the cap end portion (1) are directed inwardly in such a way that at at least one location they are at a smaller spacing (9) relative to the cap axis than the tongue centre (8).
  2. A closure cap according to claim 1 characterised in that the end faces (11) of the tongues (5), which end faces are directed towards the bead (6) of the container mouth when the closure cap is fitted on, are inclined towards the cap axis (13) more greatly than a normal plane (18) which is disposed perpendicularly to the neutral fibre (12) of the respective tongue.
  3. A closure cap according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterised in that each of the tongues (5) has a left-hand and a right-hand tongue half (7a, 7b), the surfaces of which meet at an angle (β) at the centre (8) of the tongue.
  4. A closure cap according to claim 3 characterised in that the surfaces of the tongue halves (7a, 7b) are arranged relative to each other at an obtuse angle (β), preferably an angle of about 120°.
  5. A closure cap according to one of claims 3 and 4 characterised in that the inner and outer boundary surfaces (14, 15) of each tongue half (7a, 7b) diverge towards the tongue centre at an angle (γ) of 5° to 30° so that the tongue centre (8) is thicker than the lateral edge regions (7) of the tongue.
  6. A closure cap according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the tongues (5) are arranged in closely mutually juxtaposed relationship along the anti-tamper strip (3) and the lateral edges (16) of mutually juxtaposed tongues are pivotably connected together by a flexible material bridge (17).
  7. A closure cap according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the anti-tamper strip (3) is a peripherally extending anti-tamper ring and the tongues (5) are arranged in a uniformly distributed array along the periphery of the anti-tamper ring.
EP96900822A 1995-02-10 1996-02-01 Sealing cap with a guarantee strip Expired - Lifetime EP0755349B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH39595 1995-02-10
CH395/95 1995-02-10
CH39595 1995-02-10
PCT/CH1996/000039 WO1996024532A1 (en) 1995-02-10 1996-02-01 Sealing cap with a guarantee strip

Publications (2)

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EP0755349A1 EP0755349A1 (en) 1997-01-29
EP0755349B1 true EP0755349B1 (en) 1999-11-03

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EP (1) EP0755349B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09511726A (en)
KR (1) KR970701656A (en)
CN (1) CN1065495C (en)
AR (1) AR002031A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE186271T1 (en)
AU (1) AU697765B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9605122A (en)
CA (1) CA2184740C (en)
CO (1) CO4480783A1 (en)
DE (1) DE59603540D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2139328T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3031842T3 (en)
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IL (1) IL116936A (en)
PL (1) PL180131B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2129511C1 (en)
SA (1) SA96160677B1 (en)
TR (1) TR199600721T1 (en)
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BR9605122A (en) 1997-10-14
CA2184740C (en) 2007-01-30
HUP9602776A2 (en) 1997-05-28
EP0755349A1 (en) 1997-01-29
MX9604678A (en) 1997-09-30
ES2139328T3 (en) 2000-02-01
HU9602776D0 (en) 1996-11-28
AR002031A1 (en) 1998-01-07
KR970701656A (en) 1997-04-12
CN1146756A (en) 1997-04-02
HU219295B (en) 2001-03-28
US5775527A (en) 1998-07-07
CN1065495C (en) 2001-05-09
JPH09511726A (en) 1997-11-25
CA2184740A1 (en) 1996-08-15
DE59603540D1 (en) 1999-12-09
WO1996024532A1 (en) 1996-08-15
HUP9602776A3 (en) 2000-02-28
IL116936A0 (en) 1996-05-14
AU4479896A (en) 1996-08-27
SA96160677B1 (en) 2006-03-06
PL180131B1 (en) 2000-12-29
AU697765B2 (en) 1998-10-15
ATE186271T1 (en) 1999-11-15
ZA961047B (en) 1996-08-29
GR3031842T3 (en) 2000-02-29
CO4480783A1 (en) 1997-07-09
IL116936A (en) 1998-12-06
RU2129511C1 (en) 1999-04-27
PL316728A1 (en) 1997-02-03
TR199600721T1 (en) 1997-03-21

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