EP0738334B1 - Magnesiumschmelzofen und verfahren zum schmelzen von magnesium - Google Patents
Magnesiumschmelzofen und verfahren zum schmelzen von magnesium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0738334B1 EP0738334B1 EP95937021A EP95937021A EP0738334B1 EP 0738334 B1 EP0738334 B1 EP 0738334B1 EP 95937021 A EP95937021 A EP 95937021A EP 95937021 A EP95937021 A EP 95937021A EP 0738334 B1 EP0738334 B1 EP 0738334B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- melt
- magnesium
- melting furnace
- passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
- C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
- F27D2003/0054—Means to move molten metal, e.g. electromagnetic pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
- F27D2003/0063—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising endless belts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/08—Screw feeders; Screw dischargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
- Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
- Y10S266/901—Scrap metal preheating or melting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnesium melting furnace and a method for melting and cleaning magnesium.
- Magnesium is increasingly used as a material, especially for the production of castings used. Magnesium, like aluminum, is made from an electrolysis process won and cast into bars, press bolts or ingots. These will be in front of yours Further processing melted down in special melting furnaces. This will return scrap added. The growing share of return scrap leads to a higher one Contamination (contamination) of the starting material fed to the melting furnace.
- EP-A-0055815 describes a method and an oven for processing or cleaning known from magnesium melt.
- the furnace has several chambers for processing or cleaning the melt.
- the melt is in a separate Melting furnace produced.
- the material is usually added by means of electrolysis melted by salt.
- the mixture of magnesium melt and salt becomes the first treatment chamber of the known furnace supplied. Since the molten salt z. T. is heavier than the molten magnesium, it settles on the ground with the Impurities.
- the bottom of the first processing chamber assigns a slope a sludge collection chamber, which is located in front of the treatment chambers.
- the chambers are formed by means of partitions, which are above the furnace floor ends, so that first passages are formed in the floor area. In the partitions there are additional passages to ensure that the magnesium gradually flows through the chambers.
- a melting furnace is made of material to be melted over one above the melt located refill opening supplied. Via a siphon-like connecting line the melt is removed from the furnace below the surface of the melt and fed to a casting furnace. The melt in the casting furnace serves as a supply for the Further processing into castings. The melted is used for further processing Magnesium via a second siphon-like connecting line from the casting furnace removed and fed to a mold.
- the disadvantage of this known system is the high cost of commissioning due to the use of two ovens and the siphon-like connecting lines.
- the entire system including the siphon-like connecting lines must be the melting point of the magnesium are heated, so that both in the casting furnace there is also a liquid melt in the melting furnace. Then must a special pressure line, the pressure in the casting furnace can be increased so that the siphon-like connecting lines are completely filled with liquid magnesium. After the pressure has been reduced again, the melt levels are equal in the two furnaces, so that when liquid magnesium is removed from the Pouring furnace for further processing via the siphon-like magnesium connecting line is fed out of the melting furnace.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the energy loss when melting the magnesium and in the provision of an environmentally friendly, cleaned melt with reduction to reduce the structural effort.
- this object is achieved with a magnesium melting furnace
- the use of at least one second chamber makes it possible to melt and combining the cleaning of the melt in a melting furnace. Due to the Melt cleaning is the use of a more contaminated starting material, For example, the use of a higher proportion of old scrap is possible. Due to the special guidance of the melt flow through a suitable arrangement of the A large part of the contaminants can pass through the outlet or outlet Melt surface rise or sink to the bottom of the chambers from where from which contamination can be easily removed. Eddies in the first chamber (the melting chamber) by immersing the one to be melted Material and caused by the convection currents generated by the burners prevent impurities from settling or rising. This The disadvantage is the overflow of the melt into the at least one second Compensated chamber (the rest chamber). There are no swirls in this chamber instead of; the contaminants can rise or settle. The order of the passage and that of the outlet are chosen so that as few as possible Contamination parts pass through with the flow.
- the walls of the first and the second chamber are steel walls. Steel walls allow good heat transfer. It is advantageous to all Chambers, partitions and partitions also to be designed as steel walls. The Use of steel walls allows an arrangement of burners for direct heating of the chambers via the walls of the first and the second chamber. It is also possible to use an electrical one that acts in the same way Resistance heating.
- the spaces of the first and second chambers and possibly also the third chamber above the melt are insulated from one another by the first partition or further partition walls and can be filled separately with protective gas, different protective gas compositions and concentrations being present in the spaces the first and the second (and possibly the third) chamber can be generated.
- the shielding gas composition to be set as a function of the reaction parameters on the surface of the respective chambers.
- the protective gas usually contains an SF 6 component. The separation of the rooms above the chambers enables different SF 6 proportions above the melts in the chambers.
- a protective gas with a higher SF 6 content is present in the space above the melt in the first chamber than in the space above the melt in the second chamber.
- the SF 6 proportion is chosen to be relatively high (0.5%) only where such a high concentration is required.
- the SF 6 content above the second chamber and possibly other chambers is only 0.2 to 0.3%. This reduces the corrosion effects of the sulfuric acid formed from SF 6 in these chambers, which leads to a longer service life of the melting furnace.
- the at least one first passage and the at least one outlet are one in the gap extending substantially over the entire width of the first partition.
- the first and the second chamber can have a substantially rectangular base area and the first partition and the downstream one, the outlet having wall of the second chamber are arranged flat and parallel to each other. This simplifies the flow conditions in the second chamber and lowers the Effort in the manufacture of the melting furnace.
- the length of the second chamber in the flow direction can be chosen sufficiently large.
- the distances between the first Partition, the middle wall and the wall having the outlet and the height the middle wall is dimensioned such that a melt flows through it in the second chamber meandering channel of essentially constant flow cross-section is formed.
- the flow is more Partitions and middle walls deflecting the melt are conceivable. The flow conditions so influenced that the settling or rising of contaminants is improved.
- the bottoms of the first and the second chamber inclined surfaces which are arranged so that a gutter is formed, at the lowest point of falling impurities the melt, in particular melt sludge containing heavy metals collect.
- This concentration of impurities at certain points on the chamber floors enables easy removal.
- a first and a second suction device is arranged in the first or in the second chamber, that they have the sunk contaminants at the deepest point of the chamber floors can suction. This allows the maximum height of the melt sludge in the chambers are kept low, which allows a deeper arrangement of the passages and thus leads to better utilization of the chamber volume.
- the gutter can be formed both by sloping floor plates as well as by arching the floors.
- the suction device can both one pipe inserted into the melt from above and one from below to the Have a chamber-mounted drain.
- the minimum area is calculated from a maximum flow velocity Melt melted in the passage for a given material flow Magnesium through the magnesium melting furnace.
- Limiting the flow rate in the passage serves to avoid this of turbulence in the flowing melt at the passage. This prevents that Entrainment of contaminants, for example from the melt sludge Floor of the chamber.
- a maximum flow rate is preferred selected below 0.05 m / sec.
- the magnesium is preferably replaced by one below the melting surface the charging chamber is inserted into the first chamber.
- the material to be melted does not fall onto the surface of the melt pool and thus only tears very little on the surface inside the charging shaft any dross in the bath. It will also be a more targeted intake of the material to be melted with less swirling of the melt pool enables.
- the material to be melted becomes the first one before being fed Chamber thermally pretreated, contaminants swelling and / or evaporating.
- the material to be melted for example magnesium scrap contaminated with oil, z. B. brought up to the melting furnace via an encapsulated conveyor.
- a section of the conveyor has a heating section in which the continuous Material is heated, whereby the contaminants (e.g. oil residues) evaporate and / or evaporate.
- the resulting gas is encapsulated in the conveyor (Carbonization gas) and can be used for other purposes.
- the heated material is fed into the charging shaft via locks and dips under the melt surface.
- the thermal pre-treatment lowers the proportion of impurities in the material supplied to the weld pool and thus leads to less itching and the avoidance of otherwise necessary deduction of the reaction gases, which are above the would form in the first chamber. This will make the use of a higher proportion of return and old scrap.
- the material to be melted is at a temperature of about 300 ° C heated up to 450 ° C.
- the carbonization gases collected during the thermal pretreatment can either a burner for heating the material to be melted in the desoldering device (indirect heating; radiant tubes) or a burner for melting the Materials are fed.
- the carbonization gases collected can be can be supplied with a heat exchanger coupled burner, the heat exchanger can serve to preheat the combustion air.
- the weight of the melting furnace is preferably determined and the one to be melted Material fed depending on the furnace weight so that the furnace weight and thus the fill level of the melt remains approximately constant.
- the mass of the supplied material to be melted corresponds to the mass loss the furnace by removing molten magnesium and / or removing it of impurities (suction of the sludge from the ground). So the fill level the chamber kept approximately constant, so that the material to be melted always immersed under the melt surface and the flow conditions in the Chambers remain constant.
- the melt is fed by means of a metering pump to which a transfer tube filled with protective gas is attached is connected across the melt surface of the third chamber discharged laterally under a lid insulation. Flushing the transfer tube with Shielding gas prevents oxidation of the extracted magnesium.
- a magnesium melting furnace 1 shows a magnesium melting furnace 1 according to the invention with three chambers that melt, clean and dispense of magnesium.
- a first chamber, the Melting chamber 2, the material to be melted is fed.
- the molten magnesium flows into one second chamber, the stand-off chamber 4, in the during the stay of the molten magnesium or sink.
- the cleaned molten magnesium reaches a metering chamber 6, in which it is provided for removal.
- the chambers 2, 4 and 6 of the magnesium melting furnace 1 are from Surrounded steel walls 10. The steel walls ensure one relatively good heat transfer. Between the melting chamber 2 and the stand-off chamber 4, a first partition 11 is arranged and between the stand-off chamber 4 and the metering chamber 6 one second partition 12. The first and second partition 11 and 12 are also made of steel. The three chambers are surrounded by a heat-insulating jacket 13. The floors 14, 15 and 16 of the three chambers lie on the casing 13 on while between the side walls 10 of the chambers and the lateral parts of the casing 13 a combustion chamber 9 is formed is. An arrangement is also conceivable in which the Oven chambers are placed on a steel frame, so that too heating of the steel wall from below is possible.
- the Heating the melting chamber 2 are on the front and on two burners 17 and 18 on each of the two lateral outer walls arranged in the casing 13 so that their flames and Heat radiation on the outer wall 10 of the melting chamber 2 are directed.
- the burners 17 heat the end face of the Melting chamber 2 and the burner 18 the side walls.
- On Each side wall of the holding chamber 4 is another burner 21 arranged, which is located in the holding chamber 4 Melt additionally heated.
- a burner 21a be provided for heating the metering chamber 6. That burner 21a then takes over the additional heating of the withdrawing melt in the chamber 6 when the burners 17, 18th and 21 are not active because no material is supplied and is melted.
- the The number, size and distribution of the burners can be varied.
- the burner 17, 18, 21 and 21a in the Combustion chamber 9 introduced hot exhaust gases flow along the outer walls 10 to the exhaust outlet 19, which in the Sheath 13 is arranged behind the metering chamber 6.
- Exhaust gases can also be extracted below the chambers. In order to could have additional heating surface and thus melting capacity be won.
- the material to be melted is transferred to the melting chamber 2 a charging shaft 20 supplied.
- the charging shaft 20 dips under the melt surface with its lower end the melting chamber 2.
- the material immersed in the melt of the melting chamber 2 is melted, leaving impurities in the melt be included.
- Part of the contaminants, in particular heavy metal-containing melt sludge sinks to the bottom 14 the melting chamber 2.
- the impurities collect on the surface of the weld pool in the form of scabies.
- the first passage 3 is formed in the first partition 11 as a horizontal gap. The lower edge of the gap 3 is sufficient Height above that settling on the bottom 14 of the melting chamber 2 Layer of impurities to carry or transfer of impurities from the melt sludge into the holding chamber 4 to avoid.
- the passage is about 150 mm above the floor 14.
- the Gap 3 is sufficiently large to have a low flow rate of the melt passing through at a given to achieve maximum throughput of the magnesium melting furnace 1. For a furnace with a throughput of around 1t / h the size of the gap 3 about 50mm x 500mm.
- a sink 22 can optionally be arranged in the holding chamber 4, which is gassed with a protective gas (N 2 with 0.2 to 0.5% SF 6 ).
- a protective gas N 2 with 0.2 to 0.5% SF 6 .
- the escaping protective gas rises to the surface in the stand-off chamber and entrains contaminants.
- an overflow weir 23 arranged in the middle of the storage chamber 4 between the first partition 11 and the second partition 12 .
- the height of the overcurrent weir is about 50% to 80%, preferably 70% of the melt level.
- This overflow weir 23 is used, among other things. avoided the melt entering through the first passage 3 directly to the second passage 5 flows straight ahead and so too small Time in the rest room. This will make cleaning the melt in the holding chamber 4 improved.
- a part sinks as it flows through the holding chamber 4 the impurities, in particular melt sludges containing heavy metals, on the floor 15 of the chamber 4.
- Another Part of the contamination rises to the surface of the melt and forms a layer (scabies) there.
- Passage 5 enters the melt cleaned in the holding chamber 4 into the dosing chamber 6.
- the second passage 5 is as well the first passage 3 is arranged at a low height above the floor 15, to let a melt as pure as possible pass through.
- the lower edge is to avoid sunken contamination of the second passage 5 above the maximum height of the layer of impurities depositing on the bottom 15 of the holding chamber 4 arranged.
- the second passage 5 is the same as the first Passage 3 formed as a horizontal gap.
- the second Passage is at a height of about 100 mm above the Floor 15.
- a ceramic filter 25 can be attached Immediately behind the second passage 5 can in the metering chamber 6 .
- the ceramic filter 25 is used for further cleaning in the dosing chamber 6 entering melt.
- a metering pump 27 is arranged in the metering chamber 6. This lifts the molten magnesium to be removed from the surface of the melt and transfers the melt into a transfer tube 28.
- the transfer tube 28 is under the lid insulation 29 led laterally outwards.
- To drain the melted To effect magnesium is the transfer tube 28 slightly inclined downwards.
- the one emerging from the casing 13 Part of the transfer tube 28 is provided with a heater 30, for example, an electric heater.
- the removed Magnesium melt is a die casting machine or fed to a transport container.
- the transfer tube is the preferred Embodiment filled with a protective gas.
- the Shielding gas is passed through the transfer tube 28 where pulsed fumigation is provided to save inert gas is.
- the spaces above the melt surface in the three chambers 2, 4 and 6 are filled with protective gas to avoid oxidation.
- the partition walls 11 and 12 are guided up to the cover insulation 29 in order to achieve a separation of the spaces filled with inert gas.
- the shielding gas is supplied via a system 31 of pipes and valves. The valves are controlled so that the compositions of the protective gas atmospheres located above the three chambers can be adjusted separately.
- a staggered protective gassing is possible in such a way that a protective gas atmosphere with a higher SF 6 content in the space above the melt in the melting chamber 2 and a lower SF 6 content in the rooms above the melt in the stand-off and metering chamber (4 and 6). Share can be set.
- the SF 6 content above the melt of the melting chamber 2 is approximately 0.5% and above the melt of the stand-off chamber 4 and the metering chamber 6 is approximately 0.2 to 0.3%.
- This staggered protective gassing enables SF 6 to be saved; In addition, the corrosion caused by the SF 6 in the stand-off and in the dosing chamber is reduced.
- the stand-off chamber 4 has an additional shaft 32, through the material for re-alloying the molten magnesium can be introduced. That through this shaft 32 in the Abstandhunt 4 introduced material is relatively pure, so that it creates no further contaminants in the holding chamber.
- the additional shaft 32 dips just like the charging shaft 20 below the melt pool surface to insert parts to be melted entrainment of contaminants from the melt pool surface and to avoid turbulence. Furthermore, the additional shaft 32 is via the system 31 from Pipes and valves can be filled with protective gas.
- Fig. 2 shows a device for suctioning off the floor 41 of a chamber 40 settling impurities 45
- Fig. 2 shows a section perpendicular to the plane of the view according to 1 through the melting chamber 2 or the stand-off chamber 4, hereinafter generally referred to as chamber 40.
- the bottom 41 of the chamber 40 has inclined surfaces 42 and 43 on, which are arranged so that in the middle of the chamber 40 forms a groove 44 as the deepest point. In this gutter 44 melt sludge 45.
- a tube 46 projects from above into the chamber 40 and into the Melt into it, with the tube 46 in the immediate vicinity of the Channel 44 in melt sludge 45 ends.
- a line 47 is attached to a suction pump 48 leads. With the help of the suction pump 48, the melt sludge 45 aspirated from the bottom 41 of the chamber 40 and into a container 49 promoted.
- Fig. 3 shows a device for feeding the to be melted Materials in the magnesium melting furnace 1.
- the starting material 50 which is both relatively pure magnesium raw material in the form of ingots and return scrap as also contaminated with oil and other contaminants Contains old scrap, a filling opening 52 one Desoldering device 51 supplied.
- a transport device 53 with a slowly moving conveyor belt that transports it fed material through a diagonally upward, encapsulated shaft 54 on all sides up to the upper opening 55 of the Chargierschacht 20 provided with locks 56 upward leading shaft 54 that on the Transport device 53 overlying material with the help of a heated from above onto the material radiating heater 57.
- heating to about 450 ° C smoldering and / or steaming part of the contaminants (oily contaminants).
- the decaying or evaporating dirt form a Smoldering gas rising in the shaft 54 and at the upper end 58 of the shaft 54 enters a drain channel 59.
- the heated Magnesium material to be melted falls at the end of 58 Shaft 54 from the transport device 53 in the with locks 56 provided charging shaft 20 and further into the weld pool.
- the drain channel 59 has a fan 60 for sucking in Smolder gases on. 3 in the exemplary embodiment the carbonized gases sucked in are burned by a burner 61.
- the hot exhaust gases reach a via a heat exchanger 62 Chimney 63.
- the heat energy obtained in the heat exchanger can used to heat the combustion air for the burners 17 become.
- the quantity to be fed to the magnesium melting furnace 1 to be melted Material is driven by the conveyor 53 controlled. Controlling the supply of the material to be melted takes place depending on the weight of the melting furnace 1.
- the magnesium melting furnace is on one edge of the bottom of the casing 13 rotatably mounted. On the opposite edge a bearing provided with a load cell is provided. The force measured with the help of this measuring cell is converted into a weight of the magnesium melting furnace 1. From the determined time-dependent weight difference becomes the required Determines the amount of material to be fed to the furnace. By keeping it constant of the weight of the magnesium melting furnace concerned that the melt level in the furnace chambers approximately remains constant. This ensures an uninterrupted Immerse the lower limit of the charging shaft 20 below the melt surface. In addition, the Flow conditions in the furnace kept approximately constant.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
- ρ die Dichte des geschmolzenen Magnesiums
- vmax,1 < 0,1 m/sec und
- vmax,2 < 0,05 m/sec ist.
- Fig. 1
- ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Magnesiumschmelzofens;
- Fig. 2
- eine Vorrichtung zum Absaugen von Schmelzenschlämmen aus einer am Boden einer Kammer befindlichen Rinne; und
- Fig. 3
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einrichtung zum Zuführen des zu schmelzenden Materials mit Abschwelvorrichtung und Chargierschacht.
Claims (18)
- Magnesiumschmelzofen mit einer ersten Kammer (2) zur Aufnahme der Schmelze und einer Einrichtung (20) zum Zuführen zu schmelzenden Materials in die erste Kammer,mit wenigstens einer zweiten Kammer (4) zur Aufnahme der Schmelze, wobei zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Kammer eine gemeinsame erste Trennwand (11) vorgesehen ist,wobei in der ersten Trennwand (1) im unteren Drittel der Schmelzenhöhe wenigstens ein von der Schmelze durchflossener erster Durchlaß (3) angeordnet ist, dessen untere Begrenzung sich in einer Höhe über dem Boden (14) der ersten Kammer (2) befindet, die größer als die maximale Höhe einer sich am Boden der ersten Kammer absetzenden Schicht von Verunreinigungen ist, wobei im unteren Drittel einer stromab angeordneten Wand (12) der zweiten Kammer (4) wenigstens ein von der Schmelze durchflossener Auslaß (5) angeordnet ist undwobei die erste und die zweite Kammer (2, 4) aus Stahlwänden gebildet sind, die von außen mittels Brennern (14, 18, 21) oder elektrischen Widerstandsheizungen beheizt werden.
- Magnesiumschmelzofen nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der ersten (2) und der zweiten (4) Kammer die Räume über der Schmelze durch die erste Trennwand (11) voneinander isoliert und separat mit Schutzgas füllbar sind, wobei unterschiedliche Schutzgaszusammensetzungen und -konzentrationen in den Räumen über der ersten und der zweiten Kammer (2, 4) erzeugt werden können. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wenigstens eine erste Durchlaß (3) und der wenigstens eine Auslaß (2) als sich im wesentlichen über die gesamte Breite der ersten Trennwand (11) bzw. der Wand (12) erstreckender Spalt ausgebildet sind. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am oberen Rand des den Auslaß bildenden Spalts (5) ein horizontal in die zweite Kammer (4) hineinragendes Wehr (24) angeordnet ist. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der zweiten Kammer (4) zwischen der ersten Trennwand (11) und der den Auslaß aufweisenden Wand (12) im wesentlichen mittig und parallel zu diesen beiden Wänden wenigstens eine mit dem Boden (15) und den Seitenwänden abschließende Mittelwand (23) angeordnet ist, deren Höhe größer als die halbe maximale Füllstandshöhe und kleiner als die minimale Füllstandshöhe der Schmelze in der zweiten Kammer (4) ist. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstände zwischen der ersten Trennwand (11) der Mittelwand (23) und der den Auslaß (5) aufweisenden Wand (12) sowie die Höhe der Mittelwand so bemessen sind, daß in der zweiten Kammer (4) ein von der Schmelze durchströmter mäanderförmiger Kanal von im wesentlichen konstantem Strömungsquerschnitt gebildet ist. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Böden (14, 15, 41) der ersten und der zweiten Kammer geneigte Flächen (42, 43) aufweisen, die so angeordnet sind, daß eine Rinne (44) in Längsrichtung des Ofens gebildet wird, an deren tiefster Stelle sich absinkende Verunreinigungen der Schmelze, insbesondere schwermetallhaltige Schmelzenschlämme sammeln. - Magnesiumschmelzofen nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste und eine zweite Absaugvorrichtung (46 bis 48) in der ersten bzw. in der zweiten (2, 4) Kammer so angeordnet sind, daß sie die abgesunkenen Verunreinigungen an den tiefsten Stellen (44) der Kammerböden (41, 14, 15) absaugen können. - Verwendung des Magnesiumschmelzofens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zum Schmelzen und Reinigen von Magnesium,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtfläche des wenigstens einen ersten Durchlasses (3) größer als eine erste Mindestfläche (Amin.,1) und daß die Gesamtfläche des wenigstens einen Auslasses (5) größer als eine zweite Mindestfläche (Amin.,2) ist, wobei die Mindestflächen (Amin.,1,2) sich aus einer ersten maximalen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (Vmax.,1) der Schmelze in dem Durchlaß (3) und einer zweiten maximalen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (vmax.,2) der Schmelze im Auslaß (5) bei gegebenem Materialdurchsatz geschmolzenen Magnesiums durch den Ofen (1) nach der Gleichung Amin.,1,2 = Materialdurchsatz des Schmelzofens / ρ·νmax.,1,2 ergeben, wobeiρ die Dichte des geschmolzenen MagnesiumsVmax.,1 < 0,1 m/sec undVmax.,2 < 0,05 m/sec ist. - Verfahren zum Schmelzen und Reinigen von Magnesium,wobei das zu schmelzende Material einem Magnesiumschmelzofen mit mehreren Kammern, die aus Stahlwänden gebildet und mittels Brennern oder elektrischen Widerstandsheizungen von außen beheizt werden, zugeführt und in einer ersten Kammer geschmolzen wird, wobei die in der ersten Kammer entstehende Schmelze über einen Durchlaß mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit unter 0,1 m/sec einer zweiten Kammer zugeführt wird,wobei die Schmelze in der zweiten Kammer unter langsamem Strömen verweilt, wobei Verunreinigungen sich absetzen oder an die Oberfläche der Schmelze aufsteigen,wobei die gereinigte Schmelze durch einen Auslaß mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit unter 0,05 m/sec in eine dritte Kammer überführt wird und wobei die gereinigte Schmelze aus der dritten Kammer zur weiteren Verarbeitung entnommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelzenoberfläche mit Schutzgas begast wird, wobei in der ersten Kammer (2) der Raum über der Schmelze mit einem Schutzgas mit einem höheren SF6-Anteil als der Raum über der Schmelze in der zweiten Kammer (4) begast wird. - Verfahren nach Ansprüche 10 oder 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelze der zweiten Kammer (4) über den Durchlaß (3) in der ersten Trennwand (11) und der dritten Kammer (6) über den Auslaß in der Wand (12) im unteren Drittel der Schmelzenhöhe zugeführt wird, wobei sich die untere Begrenzung des Durchlasses und des Auslasses in einer Höhe über dem Boden der Kammern befindet, die größer als die maximale Höhe einer sich am Boden der Kammern absetzenden Schicht von Verunreinigungen, insbesondere schwermetallhaltigen Schmelzenschlämmen ist. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnesiummaterial der ersten Kammer (2) unterhalb der Schmelzenoberfläche zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu schmelzende Material vor dem Zuführen zu der ersten Kammer thermisch vorbehandelt wird, wobei Kontaminate abschwelen und/oder verdampfen. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwelgase aufgefangen und nachverbrannt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu schmelzende Material auf eine Temperatur von etwa 300 °C bis 450 °C aufgeheizt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewicht des Schmelzofens bestimmt wird und daß das zu schmelzende Material in Abhängigkeit vom Ofengewicht so zugeführt wird, daß das Ofengewicht und somit der Füllstand der Schmelze näherungsweise konstant bleiben. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 17,
daß die Schmelze mittels einer Dosierpumpe (27), an die ein mit Schutzgas füllbares Überführungsrohr (27) angeschlossen ist, über der Schmelzenoberfläche der dritten Kammer unter einer Deckelisolierung (29) seitlich abgeführt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4439214A DE4439214A1 (de) | 1994-11-03 | 1994-11-03 | Magnesiumschmelzofen und Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Magnesium |
DE4439214 | 1994-11-03 | ||
PCT/EP1995/004232 WO1996014439A2 (de) | 1994-11-03 | 1995-10-27 | Magnesiumschmelzofen und verfahren zum schmelzen von magnesium |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0738334A1 EP0738334A1 (de) | 1996-10-23 |
EP0738334B1 true EP0738334B1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
Family
ID=6532362
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95937021A Expired - Lifetime EP0738334B1 (de) | 1994-11-03 | 1995-10-27 | Magnesiumschmelzofen und verfahren zum schmelzen von magnesium |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5908488A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0738334B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE206770T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3925895A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2180351A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4439214A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996014439A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19747002C2 (de) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-09-21 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Magnesiumschmelzofens |
EP1035932A1 (de) * | 1997-11-07 | 2000-09-20 | AB Jafs Export Oy Holimesy | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmelzen von nicht-eisenlegierungen, insbesondere magnesium |
AT2420U1 (de) | 1997-11-24 | 1998-10-27 | Unitech Ag | Verfahren zum betrieb von ofenanlagen für magnesiumlegierungen |
US6290900B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2001-09-18 | Denso Corporation | Molten metal vessel for filtering impurities |
DE19834408B4 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2008-12-18 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Behälter für eine Metallschmelze |
MXPA01009780A (es) * | 1999-04-01 | 2002-05-14 | Arcmet Tech Gmbh | Recipiente metalurgico con un dispositivo de sangrado y metodo para la extraccion controlada exenta de escoria de metal liquido de este recipiente. |
US6520388B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2003-02-18 | Hatch Associates Ltd. | Casting furnace and method for continuous casting of molten magnesium |
WO2002058862A2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-01 | Alcoa Inc. | Recirculating molten metal supply system and method |
US6902696B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2005-06-07 | Alcoa Inc. | Overflow transfer furnace and control system for reduced oxide production in a casting furnace |
JP3806067B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-09 | 富士通株式会社 | 被塗装マグネシウム合金材の塗膜除去方法、および、マグネシウム合金再生材の製造方法 |
DE10256513B4 (de) * | 2002-12-04 | 2009-11-26 | Ing. Rauch Fertigungstechnik Ges.M.B.H. | Verfahren zum Schmelzen eines Metalles und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
EP1533390A1 (de) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-25 | Ing. Rauch Fertigungstechnik GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Al- oder Mg-Legierung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
WO2005095026A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Advanced Magnesium Technologies Pty Ltd | Melting apparatus and method |
DE102004055131A1 (de) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Magnesium |
DE102005012721B4 (de) * | 2005-03-19 | 2019-01-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Chargieranlage und Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Metall-Masseln |
DE102005021723A1 (de) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-12-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Chargieranlage für Magnesium oder Magnesiumlegierungen |
US8532158B2 (en) * | 2007-11-17 | 2013-09-10 | Inductotherm Corp. | Melting and mixing of materials in a crucible by electric induction heel process |
US8202346B1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2012-06-19 | Porvair, Plc | Porous reticulated metal foam for filtering molten magnesium |
CN107062910B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2022-12-16 | 济南海德热工有限公司 | 一种金属镁冶炼用的自动加料设备 |
CN114396799B (zh) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-12-08 | 安徽省交通控股集团有限公司 | 一种蒸养窑温度分仓控制设备的自适应控制方法 |
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DE326592C (de) * | 1914-02-21 | 1920-09-30 | James Macdonald Hyde | Ofen zur Reduktion von Sulfiderzen durch Eisen oder Kupfer |
DE930233C (de) * | 1943-11-20 | 1955-07-11 | Busch Jaeger Duerener Metall | Ofen zum Einschmelzen von Schrott und sonstigen Abfaellen aus Leichtmetall |
US2793852A (en) * | 1951-03-19 | 1957-05-28 | Nat Lead Co | Metal chip melting apparatus |
DE902430C (de) * | 1951-12-22 | 1954-01-21 | Egbert Groove Dipl Ing | Zinkschmelz- und Giessofen |
FR1542569A (fr) * | 1967-07-13 | 1968-10-18 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Procédé pour l'introduction de ferrailles dans un métal liquide |
US4010935A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1977-03-08 | Alumax Inc. | High efficiency aluminum scrap melter and process therefor |
US4060408A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1977-11-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Melting process |
GB2043049B (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1983-06-15 | Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbre | Method for controlling the discharge of molten material |
CH645284A5 (de) * | 1980-01-24 | 1984-09-28 | Stopinc Ag | Anlage zum vergiessen abgemessener mengen von metallschmelzen, insbesondere nichteisenmetallschmelzen. |
US4373704A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1983-02-15 | Union Carbide Corporation | Apparatus for refining molten metal |
NO147606C (no) * | 1980-12-17 | 1983-05-11 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmaate og ovn for raffinering av magnesium |
US4390364A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-06-28 | Aluminum Company Of America | Removal of fine particles from molten metal |
US4515630A (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1985-05-07 | Olin Corporation | Process of continuously treating an alloy melt |
DE4116998A1 (de) * | 1991-05-24 | 1992-11-26 | Ats Beteiligungs Gmbh | Verfahren zum giessen von leichtmetallteilen aus magnesium sowie giessanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
US5211744A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-05-18 | Premelt Systems, Inc. | Method and means for improving molten metal furnace charging efficiency |
AT401302B (de) * | 1993-01-26 | 1996-08-26 | Rauch Fertigungstech Gmbh | Zweikammerofen zur schmelzenbeschickung von gussmaschinen |
-
1994
- 1994-11-03 DE DE4439214A patent/DE4439214A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-09-27 US US08/669,405 patent/US5908488A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-27 WO PCT/EP1995/004232 patent/WO1996014439A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-27 EP EP95937021A patent/EP0738334B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-27 AU AU39258/95A patent/AU3925895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-10-27 DE DE59509688T patent/DE59509688D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-27 CA CA002180351A patent/CA2180351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-10-27 AT AT95937021T patent/ATE206770T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5908488A (en) | 1999-06-01 |
DE4439214A1 (de) | 1996-05-09 |
WO1996014439A3 (de) | 1996-08-15 |
WO1996014439A2 (de) | 1996-05-17 |
EP0738334A1 (de) | 1996-10-23 |
DE59509688D1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
AU3925895A (en) | 1996-05-31 |
ATE206770T1 (de) | 2001-10-15 |
CA2180351A1 (en) | 1996-05-17 |
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