EP0708905B1 - Hot-air drier for drying coated surfaces - Google Patents

Hot-air drier for drying coated surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0708905B1
EP0708905B1 EP94920973A EP94920973A EP0708905B1 EP 0708905 B1 EP0708905 B1 EP 0708905B1 EP 94920973 A EP94920973 A EP 94920973A EP 94920973 A EP94920973 A EP 94920973A EP 0708905 B1 EP0708905 B1 EP 0708905B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
hot air
chamber
hot
drier according
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EP94920973A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0708905A1 (en
Inventor
Dragoslav Milojevic
Manfred Lösch
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UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Technology FLB AB
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UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Flaekt AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, as used, for example, for drying surface-coated automobile bodies or the like.
  • Such a hot air dryer is known from US-A-4,493,641.
  • Liquid paints are primarily used in the field of car body painting. Both application techniques in which the liquid paint is sprayed finely with the aid of spray nozzles are used, as well as dip painting processes. What these coating processes have in common is that when a coating system is used, part of the solvent present in the coating in the coating remains in the applied coating layer. In order to avoid damage to the paint surface due to mechanical stress, these solvents must be removed or the paint layer must be cured. Dryers are used for this purpose after the painting.
  • the drying of surface-coated automobile bodies is mostly carried out in special dryer tunnels in the automotive industry.
  • the coated automobile body passes through a tunnel-shaped furnace which is divided into different zones / areas.
  • the coated body located on the inside of the dryer on a transport device is heated and part of the solvent from the applied surface layer is removed (radiation or heating zone).
  • the applied surface layer must not be subjected to excessive mechanical stress, since it has not yet fully hardened. For this reason, the energy required for heating the body and curing the applied surface layer is supplied without contact, in the form of heat radiation.
  • jet pockets can be heated electrically or with the help of a hot air stream.
  • T max maximum value
  • T min minimum value
  • the body to be dried After heating up in the blasting zone, the body to be dried reaches the second zone, the convection, Air circulation or holding zone. The body is kept at a constant temperature level within the holding zone. During this time, the paint layer is fully cured. In order to prevent the body from cooling, thermal energy in the form of a hot air stream is conducted into the interior of the dryer to the body.
  • a hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces is known from US Pat. No. 4,493,641, which is composed of a plurality of area modules arranged one behind the other in the transport direction of the body. These modules are radiation (heating) and convection (holding) zone modules or zone modules, which can be converted from convection to radiation modules through closable inner wall openings.
  • a partition is arranged in the hot air chambers that laterally surround the dryer or module interior so that an outer and an inner chamber are formed.
  • the two chambers are each connected at their lower end by an opening, whereby a deflection space is formed.
  • the hot air introduced into the outer chamber from above flows downward in it, is deflected and flows upward in the inner chamber.
  • the hot air in the inner chamber flows at least partially upwards and also in the course of the flow through openings in the inner wall into the interior of the dryer, where it is drawn off at the top.
  • the hot air introduced is discharged again, which means that there is a high demand for hot air.
  • the hot air also flows through the outer chamber first and then through the inner chamber, so that considerable heat losses can already be recorded before the hot air enters the inner chamber.
  • GB-A-635 437 describes a drying oven which has two chambers.
  • the article to be dried is inserted in a first chamber and dried by heat radiation.
  • the article to be dried is then introduced into a second chamber in which the exhaust air from the first chamber is circulated.
  • the hot gases are drawn off from the first chamber by a fan and pass through a line into the second chamber, where they are drawn off for recirculation.
  • DE-A-24 17 021 describes a drying process in which dry air is drawn off from the drying room and is fed back to the drying room after heating up again.
  • the temperature of the recirculated, heated air is higher than the temperature in the drying room.
  • the drying room there is an injector from which primary warm air emerges at a relatively high speed and draws in secondary air from the drying room.
  • the primary and secondary air mix in a shaft and in an underfloor room, from where they reach the drying room through grates.
  • the upper temperature limit and the amount of energy to be transferred to the material to be dried determine the amount of hot air to be supplied to the blasting bag or the interior of the dryer and its temperature.
  • this has the disadvantage that relatively large amounts of hot air have to be conducted from a heat exchanger, with indirect heating, or from a burner system, with direct heating, to the dryer or removed from the dryer. It would be cheaper to work with a lower, but higher temperature, amount of hot air.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a hot-air dryer of the type mentioned above, by means of which the amount of hot air to be supplied to the dryer is reduced, so as to reduce the material requirement for hot-air ducts and blowers and thus to shorten the heating-up time of the dryer when starting up the system .
  • a device for introducing a primary air stream heated above the temperature T max with an increased flow rate is arranged at the lower end of the inner maximum permissible drying chamber. Furthermore, the lower connecting opening located in the partition between the two chambers is designed as an intake opening in such a way that at least part of the hot air flow flowing down in the outer chamber is drawn in as a secondary air flow and mixed with the primary air flow.
  • suction opening for the secondary air flow and the introduction device for the primary flow are designed so that only a relatively small amount of the overheated primary air flow is mixed with the continuously circulating secondary air flow.
  • either a nozzle device or a cross-flow fan device can be arranged as the introduction device for the primary air flow, these in each case running essentially horizontally along the inner hot air chamber.
  • a nozzle device it is advantageous to provide it in such a way that the injected primary air flow sucks in secondary air in the manner of a jet pump, conveys it and at the same time mixes with it.
  • the nozzle device can have one or more gap nozzles or nozzles with circular, oval or angular outlet cross sections.
  • Adjustable shutters for the exhaust air can be provided to regulate the ratio of the primary and secondary air drawn in.
  • the inner walls of the former are continuously closed, i.e. air-impermeable, while the latter are on the underside for the air inlet and on the top for the air outlet into and out of the dryer interior.
  • the type of secondary air circulation with the admixture of overheated primary air of a smaller extent, remains basically the same.
  • the hot air chambers are formed as radiation pockets through the air-impermeable inner walls, the respective partition walls essentially pulling the entire radiation pockets vertically apart from an upper deflection space and the lower suction opening.
  • an inner and an outer jet pocket chamber are formed, which enable a circulation of the hot air as a constantly circulating secondary flow through the upper and lower deflection spaces or openings.
  • the primary air flow which is smaller in circumference, is introduced at the bottom of the inner blasting pocket chamber and the blasting pocket exhaust air flow is extracted at the lower end of the outer blasting pocket chamber.
  • a secondary air flow constantly circulating in the vertical plane moves through the chambers, to which primary air, which has been overheated in a certain quantity ratio, is added in the inner chamber and extracted in the same ratio, cooled air in the outer chamber.
  • the blasting properties of the blasting pockets are further increased by the fact that the inner wall on its surface facing the interior has a coating which is known per se and whose radiation coefficient is greater than that of the uncoated blasting pocket material. This increases the efficiency even more.
  • the convection zone (forced air dryer chamber) are how previously mentioned, provisions for the passage of hot air flows are provided in the lower and upper height section of the inner wall.
  • the hot air chamber into an inner and an outer chamber dividing wall is drawn in this zone only over the lower passage section, so that the mixed air stream flowing up in this inner chamber flows through the lower passage section into the interior of the dryer and its heat by convection directly to the releases the coated object contained therein.
  • the air stream cooled in this way then re-enters the hot air chamber at the upper passage section.
  • a dryer exhaust air duct is provided, through which part of the cooled hot air flowing into the duct is discharged, while another part flows downward in the outer chamber and at the lower end through the suction opening into the inner chamber and here mixed with the incoming primary air, after which a new cycle begins.
  • a heating register is arranged in the outer chamber, which heats the sucked-in, cooled secondary air stream again.
  • the admixed primary air stream does not have to be overheated to such a high degree or be of only a small volume in order to obtain the correct heating or drying temperature together with the secondary air stream.
  • the temperature limit for the primary air flow is the condition that the mixed temperature of the primary and secondary air flow must not exceed the value T max .
  • FIG. 1 shows a dryer cross section with an integrated air duct in the blasting pockets of the blasting zone.
  • the blasting pockets each consist of two chambers: chamber A (7) and chamber B (8).
  • a partition wall 22 is located between the two chambers. Both chambers are connected via an upper deflection space 24 and a lower suction opening 9 for the secondary air 18.
  • a primary air flow 17 is led via an air duct 13 to the jet pocket A (7) and via a nozzle device 10 blown into an injector mixing chamber 11.
  • the nozzle device extends in the body conveying direction over the entire jet pocket length, so that a uniform supply of the primary air or a uniform distribution of the jet pocket temperature is ensured over the entire jet pocket length, as can also be seen from FIG. 5.
  • the primary air stream 17 injected into the chamber A (7) via the nozzle device 10 spreads according to the laws of the free jet and sucks secondary air in the manner of a jet pump from the jet pocket chamber B (8) via the suction opening 9.
  • the amount of air drawn in depends on the flow impulse of the injected hot air.
  • the kinetic energy of the injected air must be large enough to ensure adequate air circulation in the jet pockets.
  • Primary air flow 17 and secondary air flow 18 mix in the injector mixing chamber 11 to form a total air flow and are conveyed upward by the primary air 17 continuously blown in via the nozzle device 10 and through the blasting pocket in the direction of the blasting pocket exhaust air duct 12.
  • the hot air stream heats the jet pocket wall 23, which has a coating whose radiation coefficient is greater than that of the uncoated jet pocket material. During this process, the total air flow cools down. At the suction opening 9, the secondary air 18 is sucked in again due to the injector effect of the primary air jet 17. In this way, a secondary air stream 18 circulating in the jet pocket or an air stream integrated in the jet pocket is created.
  • the primary air flow 17 takes on both the transport of the amount of heat required for the heating and drying process (temperature of the primary air flow is crucial), as well as the transport of the necessary for the creation of the integrated air flow Amount of energy (primary air pre-pressure at the nozzle device).
  • the nozzle device 10 can be built in various modifications. This means that one or more flat slit nozzles can be used, as can nozzles with circular, oval or square outlet cross-sections.
  • dryer supply air can be introduced directly from above as a dryer supply air flow 19 and on the underside, i.e. under the conveyor device 14 for the automobile bodies 1, as a dryer exhaust air flow 20 through a dryer exhaust duct 15.
  • the integrated air duct is realized with cross-flow fans 25.
  • the crossflow fans 25 installed in the horizontal direction suck in both primary and secondary air and convey the mixture of both airflows into the jet pocket chamber A (7).
  • an air duct 13 is provided below the cross-flow fans, which ensures a uniform primary air flow via the cross-flow fans of the jet pocket chamber A (7).
  • the quantity ratio between the two air flows can be regulated by means of adjustable louvre flaps 26.
  • This dryer module for the holding zone consists of a provided in the outer housing 4 Dryer interior 6 and two laterally arranged air circulation chambers 28.
  • the primary air flow 17 is conducted via an air duct 2 to the nozzle device 10 and is blown into the injector mixing space 11 there.
  • the nozzle device extends in the body conveying direction over the entire length of the holding zone, so that a uniform supply of primary air or a uniform distribution of the temperature over the entire holding zone is ensured.
  • the primary air stream 17 injected into the injector mixing chamber 11 via the nozzle device 10 expands in accordance with the laws of the free jet and sucks in secondary air 18 via the suction opening 9.
  • the amount of secondary air flow 18 drawn in depends on the flow impulse of the injected hot air 17.
  • the kinetic energy of the injected air 17 must be so large that sufficient circulating air operation is ensured in the holding zone.
  • Primary air flow 17 and secondary air flow 18 mix in the injector mixing chamber 11 to form a total air flow and are conveyed upward through the dryer supply air filter 5 in the direction of the body 1.
  • There the hot air flow gives off its thermal energy by convection.
  • the total air flow cools down.
  • the cooled air is sucked off in the upper region of the holding zone, with some of the air being drawn off via an upper exhaust air duct 15. Another part of the exhaust air is extracted below the body conveyor device 14. The remaining air flow is sucked in due to the injector action of the primary air jet 17.
  • the primary air flow 17 takes over both the supply of the amount of heat required for the compensation of heat losses and for the drying process (determines the temperature of the Primary air flow) as well as the transport of the amount of energy required to create the integrated air flow (primary air pressure at the nozzle device).
  • cross-flow fans 25 installed in the horizontal direction draw in both primary and secondary air and convey the mixture of both air flows into the interior 6 of the holding zone.
  • a heating register 27 can also be installed within the circulating air chamber 28 in order to compensate for the heat losses in the secondary stream 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for drying coated surfaces in a hot-air drier, part of the hot air in the drier is continuously circulated therein as a secondary airstream which is mixed with a primary airstream heated to above the drying temperature Tmax. This reduces the quantity of hot air to be fed into the drier and thus the material requirements are reduced and the heating time shortened. A hot-drier for implementing the process has, in the hot-air chambers (7, 8) arranged symmetrically on either side in the interior (6) of the drier, a separating wall (22) dividing an internal chamber (7) and an outer chamber (8) which has an intake aperture (9) at its lower end for secondary air. At the lower end of the inner chamber (7), the primary air is fed in at a higher flow rate and mixed with the secondary air taken in through the aperture (9).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heißluft-Trockner zur Trocknung beschichteter Oberflächen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, wie er beispielsweise zur Trocknung oberflächenbeschichteter Automobilkarossen o. dgl. Verwendung findet.The invention relates to a hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, as used, for example, for drying surface-coated automobile bodies or the like.

Ein derartiger Heißluft-Trockner ist aus der US-A-4 493 641 bekannt.Such a hot air dryer is known from US-A-4,493,641.

Auf dem Gebiet der Lackierung von Automobilkarossen werden in erster Linie Flüssiglacke eingesetzt. Dabei werden sowohl Applikationstechniken verwendet, bei denen der flüssige Lack mit Hilfe von Spritzdüsen fein zerstäubt aufgesprüht wird, als auch Tauchlackierungsverfahren. Gemeinsam ist diesen Beschichtungsprozessen, daß bei Verwendung eines Lacksystems ein Teil des bei der Beschichtung im Lack vorhandenen Lösemittels in der aufgebrachten Lackschicht verbleibt. Um eine Beschädigung der Lackoberfläche infolge einer mechanischen Beanspruchung zu vermeiden, müssen diese Lösemittel entfernt, bzw. die Lackschicht muß ausgehärtet werden. Zu diesem Zweck werden im Anschluß an die Lackierung Trockner eingesetzt.Liquid paints are primarily used in the field of car body painting. Both application techniques in which the liquid paint is sprayed finely with the aid of spray nozzles are used, as well as dip painting processes. What these coating processes have in common is that when a coating system is used, part of the solvent present in the coating in the coating remains in the applied coating layer. In order to avoid damage to the paint surface due to mechanical stress, these solvents must be removed or the paint layer must be cured. Dryers are used for this purpose after the painting.

Die Trocknung von oberflächenbeschichteten Automobilkarossen wird in der Automobilindustrie in den meisten Fällen in speziellen Trocknertunneln durchgeführt. Dabei durchläuft die beschichtete Automobilkarosse einen tunnelförmigen Ofen, der Durchlaufrichtung in verschiedene Zonen/Bereiche unterteilt ist.The drying of surface-coated automobile bodies is mostly carried out in special dryer tunnels in the automotive industry. The coated automobile body passes through a tunnel-shaped furnace which is divided into different zones / areas.

Im ersten Bereich des Trockners wird die im Trocknerinnenraum auf einer Transporteinrichtung befindliche, beschichtete Karosse aufgeheizt und ein Teil des Lösungsmittels der aufgebrachten Oberflächenschicht entfernt (Strahlungs- bzw. Aufheizzone). In diesem Bereich darf die aufgebrachte Oberflächenschicht nicht übermäßig mechanisch beansprucht werden, da sie noch nicht vollständig ausgehärtet ist. Aus diesem Grund führt man die für die Aufheizung der Karosse und Aushärtung der aufgebrachten Oberflächenschicht nötige Energie berührungsfrei, in Form von Wärmestrahlung zu.In the first area of the dryer, the coated body located on the inside of the dryer on a transport device is heated and part of the solvent from the applied surface layer is removed (radiation or heating zone). In this area, the applied surface layer must not be subjected to excessive mechanical stress, since it has not yet fully hardened. For this reason, the energy required for heating the body and curing the applied surface layer is supplied without contact, in the form of heat radiation.

Eine Möglichkeit, dies technisch zu realisieren, ist der Einsatz von sogenannten Strahltaschen. Diese Strahltaschen lassen sich elektrisch oder mit Hilfe von Heißluftstrom beheizen. Bei beiden Möglichkeiten ist zu beachten, daß die Oberflächentemperatur, der dem Trocknungsobjekt zugewandten Strahltaschenwand, nicht über einen Maximalwert (Tmax) steigen darf, da sonst die Temperatur im Lackfilm zu hoch wird, was zur Folge hat, daß die zu trocknende Oberflächenbeschichtung geschädigt wird. Ebenso darf die Oberflächentemperatur der Strahltasche einen Minimalwert (Tmin) nicht unterschreiten, da sonst die geforderte Trocknungsaufgabe bei vorgegebener Verweilzeit der Karosse im Trocknertunnel von dem Trockner nicht erfüllt werden kann.One way of realizing this technically is by using so-called jet pockets. These jet pockets can be heated electrically or with the help of a hot air stream. With both options, it should be noted that the surface temperature of the blasting pocket wall facing the drying object must not exceed a maximum value (T max ), since otherwise the temperature in the paint film will become too high, which will result in damage to the surface coating to be dried . Likewise, the surface temperature of the blasting pocket must not fall below a minimum value (T min ), since otherwise the dryer cannot perform the required drying task given the body's residence time in the dryer tunnel.

Nach in der Strahlzone erfolgter Aufheizung gelangt die zu trocknende Karosse in die zweite Zone, die Konvektions-, Umluft- oder Haltezone. Innerhalb der Haltezone wird die Karosse auf einem konstanten Temperaturniveau gehalten. Während dieser Zeit findet die vollständige Aushärtung der Lackschicht statt. Um eine Abkühlung der Karosse zu vermeiden, wird Wärmeenergie in Form eines heißen Luftstromes in den Trocknerinnenraum zur Karosse geführt.After heating up in the blasting zone, the body to be dried reaches the second zone, the convection, Air circulation or holding zone. The body is kept at a constant temperature level within the holding zone. During this time, the paint layer is fully cured. In order to prevent the body from cooling, thermal energy in the form of a hot air stream is conducted into the interior of the dryer to the body.

So ist aus der US-A-4,493,641 ein Heißluft-Trockner zur Trocknung beschichteter Oberflächen bekannt, der aus mehreren, in Transportrichtung der Karosse hintereinander angeordneten Bereichs-Modulen zusammengesetzt ist. Diese Module sind Strahlungs- (Aufheiz-) und Konvektions- (Halte-) -Zonen-Module oder Zonen-Module, die durch verschließbare Innenwand-Öffnungen aus Konvektions- in Strahlungsmodule konvertierbar sind. Bei diesen bekannten Trockner-Zonenmodulen ist in den Trockner- bzw. Modul-Innenraum seitlich umgebenden Heißluftkammern jeweils eine Trennwand so angeordnet, daß je eine äußere und eine innere Kammer gebildet werden. Die beiden Kammern sind jeweils an ihrem unteren Ende durch eine Öffnung verbunden, wodurch ein Umlenkraum gebildet wird. Die von oben in die äußere Kammer eingeführte Heißluft strömt in dieser nach unten, wird umgelenkt und fließt in der inneren Kammer nach oben. Beim Strahlungsmodul (Aufheizbereich) strömt die gesamte Heißluft in der inneren Kammer nach oben, bis in einen oberhalb des Innenraumes vorgesehenen Abluftkanal. Im Konvektionsmodul (Haltezone) strömt die Heißluft in der inneren Kammer zumindest teilweise nach oben und zudem im Strömungsverlauf durch Öffnungen in der Innenwand in den Trocknerinnenraum, wo sie an dessen Oberseite abgezogen wird. Bei diesem bekannten Trockner wird die gesamte eingebrachte Heißluft wieder ausgebracht, wodurch ein hoher Heißluftbedarf besteht. Auch strömt die Heißluft zuerst durch die äußere Kammer und danach durch die innere Kammer, so daß bereits erhebliche Wärmeverluste zu verzeichnen sind, bevor die Heißluft in die innere Kammer gelangt.A hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces is known from US Pat. No. 4,493,641, which is composed of a plurality of area modules arranged one behind the other in the transport direction of the body. These modules are radiation (heating) and convection (holding) zone modules or zone modules, which can be converted from convection to radiation modules through closable inner wall openings. In these known dryer zone modules, a partition is arranged in the hot air chambers that laterally surround the dryer or module interior so that an outer and an inner chamber are formed. The two chambers are each connected at their lower end by an opening, whereby a deflection space is formed. The hot air introduced into the outer chamber from above flows downward in it, is deflected and flows upward in the inner chamber. With the radiation module (heating area), all of the hot air flows upwards in the inner chamber, into an exhaust air duct provided above the interior. In the convection module (holding zone), the hot air in the inner chamber flows at least partially upwards and also in the course of the flow through openings in the inner wall into the interior of the dryer, where it is drawn off at the top. In this known dryer, all of the hot air introduced is discharged again, which means that there is a high demand for hot air. The hot air also flows through the outer chamber first and then through the inner chamber, so that considerable heat losses can already be recorded before the hot air enters the inner chamber.

In der GB-A-635 437 ist ein Trockenofen beschrieben, der zwei Kammern besitzt. In einer ersten Kammer wird der zu trocknende Artikel eingefürt und durch Wärmestrahlung getrocknet. Anschließend wird der zu trocknende Artikel in eine zweite Kammer eingeführt, in der die Abluft aus der ersten Kammer zirkuliert wird. Die heißen Gase werden von der ersten Kammer durch ein Gebläse abgezogen und gelangen durch eine Leitung in die zweite Kammer, an der sie zur Rezirkulation abgezogen werden.GB-A-635 437 describes a drying oven which has two chambers. The article to be dried is inserted in a first chamber and dried by heat radiation. The article to be dried is then introduced into a second chamber in which the exhaust air from the first chamber is circulated. The hot gases are drawn off from the first chamber by a fan and pass through a line into the second chamber, where they are drawn off for recirculation.

Die DE-A-24 17 021 beschreibt einen Trocknungsprozeß, bei dem trockene Luft vom Trockenraum abgezogen und nach erneutem Aufheizen wieder dem Trockenraum zugeführt wird. Die Temperatur der rezirkulierten, aufgeheizten Luft liegt über der Temperatur im Trockenraum.DE-A-24 17 021 describes a drying process in which dry air is drawn off from the drying room and is fed back to the drying room after heating up again. The temperature of the recirculated, heated air is higher than the temperature in the drying room.

Im Trockenraum befindet sich ein Injektor, aus dem Primär-Warmluft mit verhältnismäßig hoher Geschwindigkeit austritt und Sekundärluft aus dem Trockenraum ansaugt. Die Primär- und Sekundärluft vermischen sich in einem Schacht sowie in einen Unterflurraum, von wo aus sie durch Roste in den Trockenraum gelangt.In the drying room there is an injector from which primary warm air emerges at a relatively high speed and draws in secondary air from the drying room. The primary and secondary air mix in a shaft and in an underfloor room, from where they reach the drying room through grates.

Die obere Temperaturgrenze sowie die an das Trocknungsgut zu überbringende Energiemenge bestimmen die der Strahltasche oder dem Trocknerinnenraum zuzuführende Heißluftmenge und ihre Temperatur. Für den Betreiber des Trockners hat dies den Nachteil, daß relativ große Heißluftmengen von einem Wärmetauscher, bei indirekter Beheizung, oder von einem Brennersystem, bei direkter Beheizung, zum Trockner geleitet bzw. vom Trockner abgeführt werden müssen. Günstiger wäre die Möglichkeit, mit einer niedrigeren, aber dafür höher temperierten Heißluftmenge zu arbeiten.The upper temperature limit and the amount of energy to be transferred to the material to be dried determine the amount of hot air to be supplied to the blasting bag or the interior of the dryer and its temperature. For the operator of the dryer, this has the disadvantage that relatively large amounts of hot air have to be conducted from a heat exchanger, with indirect heating, or from a burner system, with direct heating, to the dryer or removed from the dryer. It would be cheaper to work with a lower, but higher temperature, amount of hot air.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Heißluft-Trockner oben genannter Gattung anzugeben, durch den die dem Trockner zuzuführende Heißluftmenge verringert wird, um so den Materialbedarf für Heißluftkanäle und Gebläse zu vermindern und somit auch die Aufheizzeit des Trockners beim Anfahren der Anlage zu verkürzen.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a hot-air dryer of the type mentioned above, by means of which the amount of hot air to be supplied to the dryer is reduced, so as to reduce the material requirement for hot-air ducts and blowers and thus to shorten the heating-up time of the dryer when starting up the system .

Die Aufgabe wird durch einen gattungsgemäßen Heißluft-Trockner zum Trocknen beschichteter Oberflächen mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. In den auf diesen Anspruch rückbezogenen Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen beschrieben.The object is achieved by a generic hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces with the characterizing features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims relating to this claim.

Demgemäß ist am unteren Ende der inneren maximal zulässige Trocknungs Kammer eine Vorrichtung zum Einleiten eines über die Temperatur Tmax erhitzten Primärluftstromes mit erhöhter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit angeordnet. Des weiteren ist die in der Trennwand befindliche untere Verbindungsöffnung zwischen den beiden Kammern, als Einsaugöffnung so ausgebildet, daß zumindest ein Teil des in der äußeren Kammer nach unten fließenden Heißluftstromes als Sekundärluftstrom angesaugt und mit dem Primärluftstrom vermischt wird.Accordingly, a device for introducing a primary air stream heated above the temperature T max with an increased flow rate is arranged at the lower end of the inner maximum permissible drying chamber. Furthermore, the lower connecting opening located in the partition between the two chambers is designed as an intake opening in such a way that at least part of the hot air flow flowing down in the outer chamber is drawn in as a secondary air flow and mixed with the primary air flow.

Dabei ist von Vorteil, wenn die Einsaugöffnung für den Sekundärluftstrom und die Einleitungsvorrichtung für den Primärstrom so ausgelegt sind, daß eine nur verhältnismäßig geringe Menge des übererhitzten Primärluftstromes dem stetig zirkulierenden Sekundärluftstrom zugemischt wird.It is advantageous if the suction opening for the secondary air flow and the introduction device for the primary flow are designed so that only a relatively small amount of the overheated primary air flow is mixed with the continuously circulating secondary air flow.

Erfindungsgemäß kann als Einleitungs-Vorrichtung für den Primärluftstrom entweder eine Düsenvorrichtung oder eine Querstromventilator-Vorrichtung angeordnet sein, wobei diese jeweils im wesentlichen horizontal entlang der inneren heißluftkammer verlaufen.According to the invention, either a nozzle device or a cross-flow fan device can be arranged as the introduction device for the primary air flow, these in each case running essentially horizontally along the inner hot air chamber.

Bei Anordnung einer Düsenvorrichtung ist von Vorteil, diese so vorzusehen, daß der eingedüste Primärluftstrom in Art einer Strahlpumpe Sekundärluft ansaugt, mitfördert und sich gleichzeitig mit dieser vermischt. Dabei kann die Düsenvorrichtung eine oder mehrere Spaltdüsen aufweisen oder Düsen mit kreisrunden, ovalen oder eckigen Austrittsquerschnitten.If a nozzle device is arranged, it is advantageous to provide it in such a way that the injected primary air flow sucks in secondary air in the manner of a jet pump, conveys it and at the same time mixes with it. The nozzle device can have one or more gap nozzles or nozzles with circular, oval or angular outlet cross sections.

Bei Anordnung als Einleitungs-Vorrichtung einer Querstromventilator-Vorrichtung ist von Vorteil, daß diese gleichzeitig die Primärluft und die Sekundärluft ansaugt und beide vermischt. Zur Regulierung des Mengenverhältnisses der angesaugten Primär- und Sekundärluft können einstellbare Jalousieklappen für die Abluft vorgesehen sein.When arranged as a single-line device of a cross-flow fan device, it is advantageous that it simultaneously sucks in the primary air and the secondary air and mixes the two. Adjustable shutters for the exhaust air can be provided to regulate the ratio of the primary and secondary air drawn in.

Da die aufeinanderfolgenden Zonen des Trockners, die Strahlungs- bzw. Haltezone (Strahlungstrockner) und die Konvektionszone (Umlufttrockner), eine unterschiedliche Luftführung aufweisen, ist von Vorteil, wenn bei ersterer die Innenwände durchgehend geschlossen, d.h. luftundurchlässig sind, während bei der zweiten diese an der Unterseite für den Lufteintritt und an der Oberseite für den Luftaustritt in den bzw. aus dem Trocknerinnenraum ausgelegt sind. Die Art der Sekundärluft-Zirkulation, mit Beimischung überhitzter Primärluft geringeren Umfangs, bleibt jedoch prinzipiell gleich.Since the successive zones of the dryer, the radiation or holding zone (radiation dryer) and the convection zone (circulating air dryer) have different air routing, it is advantageous if the inner walls of the former are continuously closed, i.e. air-impermeable, while the latter are on the underside for the air inlet and on the top for the air outlet into and out of the dryer interior. The type of secondary air circulation, with the admixture of overheated primary air of a smaller extent, remains basically the same.

In der Strahlungszone werden die Heißluftkammern durch die luftundurchlässigen Innenwände als Strahlungstaschen ausgebildet, wobei die jeweiligen Trennwände im wesentlichen die ganzen Strahltaschen vertikal durchziehen bis auf einen oberen Umlenkraum und die untere Einsaugöffnung. Hierdurch werden eine innere und eine äußere Strahltaschenkammer gebildet, die durch die oberen und unteren Umlenkräume bzw. - Öffnungen einen Kreislauf der Heißluft als ständig zirkulierenden Sekundärstrom ermöglichen. Dabei wird der vom Umfang her geringere Primärluftstrom an der Unterseite der inneren Strahltaschenkammer eingeleitet und der Strahltaschenabluftstrom am unteren Ende der äußeren Strahltaschenkammer abgesaugt. Somit bewegt sich ein ständig in vertikaler Ebene zirkulierender Sekundärluftstrom durch die Kammern, dem in bestimmtem Mengenverhältnis überhitzte Primärluft in der inneren Kammer hinzugefügt und im selben Verhältnis in der äußeren Kammer abgekühlte Luft abgezogen wird.In the radiation zone, the hot air chambers are formed as radiation pockets through the air-impermeable inner walls, the respective partition walls essentially pulling the entire radiation pockets vertically apart from an upper deflection space and the lower suction opening. As a result, an inner and an outer jet pocket chamber are formed, which enable a circulation of the hot air as a constantly circulating secondary flow through the upper and lower deflection spaces or openings. The primary air flow, which is smaller in circumference, is introduced at the bottom of the inner blasting pocket chamber and the blasting pocket exhaust air flow is extracted at the lower end of the outer blasting pocket chamber. Thus, a secondary air flow constantly circulating in the vertical plane moves through the chambers, to which primary air, which has been overheated in a certain quantity ratio, is added in the inner chamber and extracted in the same ratio, cooled air in the outer chamber.

Die Strahleigenschaft der Strahltaschen wird noch dadurch erhöht, daß die Innenwand an ihrer dem Innenraum zugekehrten Fläche eine an sich bekannte Beschichtung aufweist, deren Strahlungskoeffizient größer ist als der des unbeschichteten Strahltaschenmaterials. Hierdurch wird die Effizienz noch zusätzlich erhöht.The blasting properties of the blasting pockets are further increased by the fact that the inner wall on its surface facing the interior has a coating which is known per se and whose radiation coefficient is greater than that of the uncoated blasting pocket material. This increases the efficiency even more.

Eine bessere Durchmischung und gleichzeitig erhöhte Wärmeabgabe des in der Innenkammer hochsteigenden, aus Primär- und Sekundärluft gebildeten Heißluftstroms wird erzielt, wenn an der dem Innenraum des Trockners abgekehrten Seite der Innenwand Turbulenzbleche angeordnet sind.Better mixing and, at the same time, increased heat dissipation of the hot air stream rising from the primary and secondary air in the inner chamber is achieved if turbulence plates are arranged on the side of the inner wall facing away from the interior of the dryer.

In der Konvektionszone (Umlufttrocknerkammer) sind, wie vorher erwähnt, im unteren und oberen Höhenabschnitt der Innenwand Vorkehrungen zum Durchtritt von Heißluftströmen vorgesehen. Die Heißluftkammer in eine innere und eine äußere Kammer teilende Trennwand ist in dieser Zone lediglich bis über den unteren Durchtrittsabschnitt gezogen, so daß der in dieser inneren Kammer hochströmende Mischluftstrom durch den unteren Durchtrittsabschnitt in den Innenraum des Trockners strömt und seine Wärme durch Konvektion direkt an den darin befindlichen beschichteten Gegenstand abgibt. Der hierdurch abgekühlte Luftstrom tritt dann am oberen Durchtrittsabschnitt wieder in die Heißluftkammer ein. Am oberen Ende der äußeren Kammer ist ein Trocknerabluftkanal vorgesehen, durch den ein Teil der in den Kanal einfließenden, abgekühlten Heißluft abgeführt wird, während ein weiterer Teil in der äußeren Kammer abwärts und am unteren Ende durch die Einsaugöffnung in die innere Kammer strömt und sich hier mit der einströmenden Primärluft vermischt, wonach ein neuer Kreislauf beginnt.In the convection zone (forced air dryer chamber) are how previously mentioned, provisions for the passage of hot air flows are provided in the lower and upper height section of the inner wall. The hot air chamber into an inner and an outer chamber dividing wall is drawn in this zone only over the lower passage section, so that the mixed air stream flowing up in this inner chamber flows through the lower passage section into the interior of the dryer and its heat by convection directly to the releases the coated object contained therein. The air stream cooled in this way then re-enters the hot air chamber at the upper passage section. At the upper end of the outer chamber, a dryer exhaust air duct is provided, through which part of the cooled hot air flowing into the duct is discharged, while another part flows downward in the outer chamber and at the lower end through the suction opening into the inner chamber and here mixed with the incoming primary air, after which a new cycle begins.

Von Vorteil ist des weiteren, wenn in der äußeren Kammer ein Heizregister angeordnet ist, der den angesaugten, abgekühlten Sekundärluftstrom wieder aufheizt. Hierdurch muß der zugemischte Primärluftstrom nicht so hoch überhitzt werden oder von nur geringem Volumen sein, um gemeinsam mit dem Sekundärluftstrom die richtige Aufwärm- bzw. Trocknungstemepratur zu ergeben.It is also advantageous if a heating register is arranged in the outer chamber, which heats the sucked-in, cooled secondary air stream again. As a result, the admixed primary air stream does not have to be overheated to such a high degree or be of only a small volume in order to obtain the correct heating or drying temperature together with the secondary air stream.

Als Temperaturgrenze für den Primärluftstrom gilt die Bedingung, daß die Mischtemperatur von Primär- und Sekundärluftstrom den Wert Tmax nicht überschreiten darf.The temperature limit for the primary air flow is the condition that the mixed temperature of the primary and secondary air flow must not exceed the value T max .

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing explained.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1:
einen Querschnitt durch einen Strahlungstrockner eines Heißluft-Trockners, mit integrierter Luftführung über Induktionsdüsen,
Fig. 2:
einen Querschnitt durch einen Umlufttrockner eines Heißluft-Trockners, mit integrierter Luftführung über Induktionsdüsen,
Fig. 3:
einen Querschnitt durch einen Strahlungstrockner, wie in Fig. 1, mit integrierter Luftführung über Querstromventilatoren,
Fig. 4:
einen Querschnitt durch einen Umlufttrockner wie in Fig. 2, mit integrierter Luftführung über Querstromventilatoren, und
Fig. 5:
eine räumliche Darstellung eines Strahlungstrockners nach Fig. 1.
It shows:
Fig. 1:
a cross section through a radiation dryer of a hot air dryer, with integrated air flow through induction nozzles,
Fig. 2:
a cross section through a circulating air dryer of a hot air dryer, with integrated air flow via induction nozzles,
Fig. 3:
2 shows a cross section through a radiation dryer, as in FIG. 1, with integrated air guidance via crossflow fans,
Fig. 4:
a cross section through a circulating air dryer as in Fig. 2, with integrated air flow through cross-flow fans, and
Fig. 5:
3 shows a spatial representation of a radiation dryer according to FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Trocknerquerschnitt mit integrierter Luftführung in den Strahltaschen der Strahlzone abgebildet. Die Strahltaschen bestehen jeweils aus zwei Kammern: der Kammer A (7) und der Kammer B (8). Zwischen den beiden Kammern befindet sich eine Trennwand 22. Verbunden sind beide Kammern über einen oberen Umlenkraum 24 und eine untere Einsaugöffnung 9 für die Sekundärluft 18. Ein Primärluftstrom 17 wird über einen Luftkanal 13 zu der Strahltasche A (7) geführt und über eine Düsenvorrichtung 10 in einen Injektormischraum 11 eingeblasen. Die Düsenvorrichtung erstreckt sich dabei in Karossen-Förderrichtung über die gesamte Strahltaschenlänge, so daß eine gleichmäßige Zufuhr der Primärluft, bzw. eine gleichförmige Verteilung der Strahltaschentemperatur über die gesamte Strahltaschenlänge gewährleistet ist, wie auch aus Fig. 5 erkennbar ist. Der über die Düsenvorrichtung 10 in die Kammer A (7) eingedüste Primärluftstrom 17 breitet sich dabei nach den Gesetzen des Freistrahls aus und saugt in Art einer Strahlpumpe Sekundärluft aus der Strahltaschen-Kammer B (8) über die Einsaugöffnung 9 ein. Die Menge der eingesaugten Luft hängt vom Strömungsimpuls der eingedüsten Heißluft ab. Die kinetische Energie der eingedüsten Luft muß so groß sein, daß ein ausreichender Umluftbetrieb in den Strahltaschen gewährleistet wird. Primärluftstrom 17 und Sekundärluftstrom 18 mischen sich im Injektormischraum 11 zu einem Gesamtluftstrom und werden durch die kontinuierlich über die Düsenvorrichtung 10 eingeblasene Primärluft 17 nach oben und durch die Strahltasche in Richtung des Strahltaschenabluftkanals 12 gefördert.1 shows a dryer cross section with an integrated air duct in the blasting pockets of the blasting zone. The blasting pockets each consist of two chambers: chamber A (7) and chamber B (8). A partition wall 22 is located between the two chambers. Both chambers are connected via an upper deflection space 24 and a lower suction opening 9 for the secondary air 18. A primary air flow 17 is led via an air duct 13 to the jet pocket A (7) and via a nozzle device 10 blown into an injector mixing chamber 11. The nozzle device extends in the body conveying direction over the entire jet pocket length, so that a uniform supply of the primary air or a uniform distribution of the jet pocket temperature is ensured over the entire jet pocket length, as can also be seen from FIG. 5. The primary air stream 17 injected into the chamber A (7) via the nozzle device 10 spreads according to the laws of the free jet and sucks secondary air in the manner of a jet pump from the jet pocket chamber B (8) via the suction opening 9. The amount of air drawn in depends on the flow impulse of the injected hot air. The kinetic energy of the injected air must be large enough to ensure adequate air circulation in the jet pockets. Primary air flow 17 and secondary air flow 18 mix in the injector mixing chamber 11 to form a total air flow and are conveyed upward by the primary air 17 continuously blown in via the nozzle device 10 and through the blasting pocket in the direction of the blasting pocket exhaust air duct 12.

Der Heißluftstrom erwärmt die Strahltaschenwand 23, welche eine Beschichtung besitzt, deren Strahlungskoeffizient größer als der des unbeschichteten Strahltaschenmaterials ist. Bei diesem Vorgang kühlt sich der Gesamtluftstrom ab. An der Einsaugöffnung 9 wird die Sekundärluft 18 aufgrund der Injektorwirkung des Primärluftstrahls 17 wieder eingesaugt. So wird ein in der Strahltasche zirkulierender Sekundärluftstrom 18, bzw. ein in der Strahltasche integrierter Luftstrom geschaffen. Der Primärluftstrom 17 übernimmt dabei sowohl den Transport der für den Aufheiz- und Trocknungsprozeß nötigen Wärmemenge (Temperatur des Primärluftstromes entscheidend), als auch den Transport der für die Schaffung des integrierten Luftstromes nötige Energiemenge (Vordruck der Primärluft an der Düsenvorrichtung). Die Düsenvorrichtung 10 ist dabei in verschiedenen Modifikationen baubar. So ist der Einsatz einer oder mehrerer ebenen Spaltdüsen ebenso möglich wie der Einsatz von Düsen mit kreisrunden, ovalen oder eckigen Austrittsquerschnitten.The hot air stream heats the jet pocket wall 23, which has a coating whose radiation coefficient is greater than that of the uncoated jet pocket material. During this process, the total air flow cools down. At the suction opening 9, the secondary air 18 is sucked in again due to the injector effect of the primary air jet 17. In this way, a secondary air stream 18 circulating in the jet pocket or an air stream integrated in the jet pocket is created. The primary air flow 17 takes on both the transport of the amount of heat required for the heating and drying process (temperature of the primary air flow is crucial), as well as the transport of the necessary for the creation of the integrated air flow Amount of energy (primary air pre-pressure at the nozzle device). The nozzle device 10 can be built in various modifications. This means that one or more flat slit nozzles can be used, as can nozzles with circular, oval or square outlet cross-sections.

Wie aus Fig. 1 des weiteren ersichtlich ist, kann zusätzlich in den Innenraum 6 des Trockners aus einem oberen Trocknerzuluftkanal 2 über einen Expansionsraum 3 und einen Filter 5 Trocknerzuluft direkt von oben her als Trocknerzuluftstrom 19 eingeleitet und an der Unterseite, d.h. unter der Fördervorrichtung 14 für die Automobilkarossen 1, als Trocknerabluftstrom 20 durch einen Trocknerabluftkanal 15 abgeleitet werden.As can also be seen from Fig. 1, in addition to the interior 6 of the dryer from an upper dryer supply air duct 2 via an expansion space 3 and a filter 5 dryer supply air can be introduced directly from above as a dryer supply air flow 19 and on the underside, i.e. under the conveyor device 14 for the automobile bodies 1, as a dryer exhaust air flow 20 through a dryer exhaust duct 15.

In dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die integrierte Luftführung mit Querstromventilatoren 25 realisiert. Die in horizontaler Richtung eingebauten Querstromventilatoren 25 saugen sowohl Primär- als auch Sekundärluft an und fördern das Gemisch aus beiden Luftströmen in die Strahltaschenkammer A (7). Für die Zuführung der Primärluftmenge ist unterhalb der Querstromventilatoren ein Luftkanal 13 vorgesehen, der einen gleichmäßigen Primärluftstrom über die Querstromventilatoren der Strahltaschenkammer A (7) gewährleistet. Das Mengenverhältnis zwischen den beiden Luftströmen ist durch verstellbare Jalousieklappen 26 regulierbar.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the integrated air duct is realized with cross-flow fans 25. The crossflow fans 25 installed in the horizontal direction suck in both primary and secondary air and convey the mixture of both airflows into the jet pocket chamber A (7). For the supply of the primary air quantity, an air duct 13 is provided below the cross-flow fans, which ensures a uniform primary air flow via the cross-flow fans of the jet pocket chamber A (7). The quantity ratio between the two air flows can be regulated by means of adjustable louvre flaps 26.

In Fig. 3 ist ein Trocknerquerschnitt mit integrierter Luftzuführung in der Haltezone (Umlufttrockner, Konvektionszone) abgebildet. Dieses Trocknermodul für die Haltezone besteht aus einem im Außengehäuse 4 vorgesehenen Trocknerinnenraum 6 und zwei seitlich angeordneten Umluftkammern 28. Der Primärluftstrom 17 wird über einen Luftkanal 2 zu der Düsenvorrichtung 10 geführt und dort in den Injektormischraum 11 eingeblasen. Die Düsenvorrichtung erstreckt sich dabei in Karossen-Förderrichtung über die gesamte Haltezonenlänge, so daß eine gleichmäßige Zufuhr der Primärluft, bzw. eine gleichförmige Verteilung der Temperatur über die gesamte Haltezone gewährleistet ist. Der über die Düsenvorrichtung 10 in den Injektormischraum 11 eingedüste Primärluftstrom 17 breitet sich dabei nach den Gesetzen des Freistrahls aus und saugt Sekundärluft 18 über die Einsaugöffnung 9 ein. Die Menge des eingesaugten Sekundärluftstroms 18 hängt vom Strömungsimpuls der eingedüsten Heißluft 17 ab. Die kinetische Energie der eingedüsten Luft 17 muß so groß sein, daß ein ausreichender Umluftbetrieb in der Haltezone gewährleistet wird. Primärluftstrom 17 und Sekundärluftstrom 18 mischen sich im Injektormischraum 11 zu einem Gesamtluftstrom und werden nach oben durch die Trocknerzuluftfilter 5 in Richtung auf die Karosse 1 gefördert. Dort gibt der Heißluftstrom seine Wärmeenergie durch Konvektion ab.
Bei diesem Vorgang kühlt sich der Gesamtluftstrom ab. Die abgekühlte Luft wird im oberen Bereich der Haltezone abgesaugt, wobei ein Teil der Luft über einen oberen Abluftkanal 15 abgezogen wird. Ein weiterer Teil der Abluft wird unterhalb der Karossenfördervorrichtung 14 abgesaugt. Der restliche Luftstrom wird aufgrund der Injektorwirkung des Primärluftstrahls 17 angesaugt. So wird ein in der Haltezone zirkulierender Sekundärluftstrom 18, bzw. ein in der Haltezone integrierter Luftstrom geschaffen. Der Primärluftstrom 17 übernimmt dabei sowohl die Zufuhr der für den Ausgleich von Wärmeverlusten und für den Trocknungsprozeß benötigten Wärmemenge (bestimmt die Temperatur des Primärluftstroms) als auch den Transport der für die Schaffung des integrierten Luftstromes nötigen Energiemenge (Vordruck der Primärluft an der Düsenvorrichtung).3 shows a dryer cross section with an integrated air supply in the holding zone (circulating air dryer, convection zone). This dryer module for the holding zone consists of a provided in the outer housing 4 Dryer interior 6 and two laterally arranged air circulation chambers 28. The primary air flow 17 is conducted via an air duct 2 to the nozzle device 10 and is blown into the injector mixing space 11 there. The nozzle device extends in the body conveying direction over the entire length of the holding zone, so that a uniform supply of primary air or a uniform distribution of the temperature over the entire holding zone is ensured. The primary air stream 17 injected into the injector mixing chamber 11 via the nozzle device 10 expands in accordance with the laws of the free jet and sucks in secondary air 18 via the suction opening 9. The amount of secondary air flow 18 drawn in depends on the flow impulse of the injected hot air 17. The kinetic energy of the injected air 17 must be so large that sufficient circulating air operation is ensured in the holding zone. Primary air flow 17 and secondary air flow 18 mix in the injector mixing chamber 11 to form a total air flow and are conveyed upward through the dryer supply air filter 5 in the direction of the body 1. There the hot air flow gives off its thermal energy by convection.
During this process, the total air flow cools down. The cooled air is sucked off in the upper region of the holding zone, with some of the air being drawn off via an upper exhaust air duct 15. Another part of the exhaust air is extracted below the body conveyor device 14. The remaining air flow is sucked in due to the injector action of the primary air jet 17. In this way, a secondary air stream 18 circulating in the holding zone or an air stream integrated in the holding zone is created. The primary air flow 17 takes over both the supply of the amount of heat required for the compensation of heat losses and for the drying process (determines the temperature of the Primary air flow) as well as the transport of the amount of energy required to create the integrated air flow (primary air pressure at the nozzle device).

Wie aus Fig. 4 erkennbar ist, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die integrierte Luftführung in der Haltezone mit Querstromventilatoren 25 zu realisieren. Die in horizontaler Richtung eingebauten Querstromventilatoren saugen sowohl Primär- als auch Sekundärluft an und fördern das Gemisch aus beiden Luftströmen in den Innenraum 6 der Haltezone.As can be seen from FIG. 4, there is also the possibility of implementing the integrated air duct in the holding zone with cross-flow fans 25. The cross-flow fans installed in the horizontal direction draw in both primary and secondary air and convey the mixture of both air flows into the interior 6 of the holding zone.

Zusätzlich ist auch ein Heizregister 27 innerhalb der Umluftkammer 28 einbaubar, um die Wärmeverluste des Sekundärstromes 18 auszugleichen.In addition, a heating register 27 can also be installed within the circulating air chamber 28 in order to compensate for the heat losses in the secondary stream 18.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

1.1.
Werkstück/AutomobilkarosseWorkpiece / automobile body
2.2nd
TrocknerzuluftkanalDryer supply air duct
3.3rd
Expansionsraum für TrocknerzuluftExpansion room for dryer supply air
4.4th
Außengehäuse des TrocknersOuter housing of the dryer
5.5.
Filter für TrocknerzuluftFilter for dryer supply air
6.6.
TrocknerinnenraumDryer interior
7.7.
Strahltasche, innere KammerBeam pocket, inner chamber
8.8th.
Strahltasche, äußere KammerBeam pocket, outer chamber
9.9.
Einsaugöffnung für SekundärluftIntake opening for secondary air
10.10th
Düsenvorrichtung für PrimärluftzufuhrNozzle device for primary air supply
11.11.
InjektormischraumInjector mixing room
12.12th
StrahltaschenabluftkanalJet pocket exhaust duct
13.13.
StrahltaschenzuluftkanalJet pocket supply air duct
14.14.
Fördervorrichtung für AutomobilkarosseConveyor device for automobile bodies
15.15.
TrocknerabluftkanalDryer exhaust duct
16.16.
StrahltaschenabluftstromJet pocket exhaust flow
17.17th
PrimärluftstromPrimary airflow
18.18th
SekundärluftstromSecondary airflow
19.19th
TrocknerzuluftstromDryer supply air flow
20.20th
TrocknerabluftstromExhaust air from dryer
21.21.
TurbulenzblecheTurbulence plates
22.22.
Trennwandpartition wall
23.23.
plasmabeschichtete Strahltaschenaußenwandplasma-coated outer wall of the jet pocket
24.24th
UmlenkraumDeflection space
25.25th
QuerstromventilatorCross flow fan
26.26.
JalousieklappenVenetian blinds
27.27.
HeizregisterHeating register
28.28
UmluftkammernCirculating air chambers

Claims (13)

  1. Hot air drier for drying coated surfaces of objects
    - with two tunnel-like zones arranged one behind the other in the direction of passage of the coated object (1), a radiation zone and a convection zone, which each comprise an outer housing (4) and inner walls (23) which form a central inner space (6) and two lateral essentially vertically oriented hot air chambers arranged symmetrically to the inner space (6),
    - with in each case a partition (22) which divides the hot air chambers into an inner and an outer chamber (7 and 8) and which comprises at its lower end an opening (9) connecting the two chambers (7, 8),
    wherein a hot air stream flows from top to bottom in the outer chamber (8) and from bottom to top in the inner chamber (7),
    characterised in that
    - at the lower end of the inner chamber (7) is arranged a device (10, 25) for introducing at an elevated flow rate a primary air stream (17) heated above the maximum permitted drying temperature Tmax; and
    - the connecting opening in the partition (22) is designed as a suction opening (9) through which at least a portion of the hot air stream flowing down in the outer chamber (8) is drawn in as a secondary air stream (18) and mixed with the primary air stream (17), forming "integrated air conduction."
  2. Hot air drier according to claim 1, characterised in that a nozzle device (10) is arranged as the introducing device.
  3. Hot air drier according to claim 2, characterised in that the nozzle device (10) extends horizontally along the hot air chamber (7) and is arranged in such a way that the injected primary air stream, acting as a jet pump, draws in and entrains secondary air (18).
  4. Hot air drier according to claim 2, characterised in that the nozzle device (10) comprises one or more slot nozzles.
  5. Hot air drier according to claim 2, characterised in that the nozzle device (10) comprises nozzles with round, oval or angular outlet cross-sections.
  6. Hot air drier according to claim 1, characterised in that a transverse-flow fan device (25) which simultaneously draws in the primary air (17) and the secondary air (18) is arranged as the introducing device.
  7. Hot air drier according to claim 6, characterised in that in the outer chamber (8) are provided adjustable louvre flaps (26) for regulating the quantitative ratio between primary air (17) and secondary air (18).
  8. Hot air drier according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that in the radiation zone (radiant drier) the inner walls (23) are continuously closed and hence air-impermeable, as a result of which the hot air chambers are designed as jet compartments, and in that the respective partitions (22) pass vertically through essentially the whole jet compartment chamber (7, 8) as far as an upper deflection space (24) and the lower suction opening (9), forming an inner and an outer jet compartment chamber (7, 8), wherein the primary air stream (17) is introduced on the lower side of the inner jet compartment chamber (7) and the jet compartment exhaust air stream (16) is drawn off at the lower end of the outer jet compartment chamber (8).
  9. Hot air drier according to claim 8, characterised in that the inner wall (23) comprises, on its surface facing towards the inner space (6), a coating of which the radiation coefficient is greater than that of the uncoated jet compartment material.
  10. Hot air drier according to claim 8, characterised in that the inner wall (23) comprises, on its surface facing away from the inner space (6), turbulence plates (21) extending into the inner chamber (7).
  11. Hot air drier according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that
    - in the convection zone (circulating-air drier) the inner wall (23) at the lower and upper height sections is designed for throughflow with hot air,
    - the partition with its upper end ends at the upper end of the lower throughflow height section of the inner wall and forms an inner chamber of lesser height and an outer chamber (28) with essentially the full hot air chamber height and
    - the outer chamber (28) at its upper end is connected to a drying exhaust air channel.
  12. Hot air drier according to claim 11, characterised in that the lower throughflow section between inner chamber (7) and drier inner space (6) is formed by a drying supply air filter (5).
  13. Hot air drier according to claim 11, characterised in that in the outer hot air or circulating air chamber (28) is arranged a heating register (27) for heating the secondary air to a high temperature.
EP94920973A 1993-07-21 1994-07-06 Hot-air drier for drying coated surfaces Expired - Lifetime EP0708905B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4324488 1993-07-21
DE4324488A DE4324488C2 (en) 1993-07-21 1993-07-21 Process and hot air dryer for drying coated surfaces
PCT/EP1994/002210 WO1995003517A1 (en) 1993-07-21 1994-07-06 Process and hot-air drier for drying coated surfaces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0708905A1 EP0708905A1 (en) 1996-05-01
EP0708905B1 true EP0708905B1 (en) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=6493374

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94920973A Expired - Lifetime EP0708905B1 (en) 1993-07-21 1994-07-06 Hot-air drier for drying coated surfaces

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5657555A (en)
EP (1) EP0708905B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09501764A (en)
CN (1) CN1050660C (en)
AU (1) AU7187694A (en)
BR (1) BR9407143A (en)
CA (1) CA2167815A1 (en)
DE (1) DE4324488C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2111942T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1995003517A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1050660C (en) 2000-03-22
CN1129478A (en) 1996-08-21
AU7187694A (en) 1995-02-20
JPH09501764A (en) 1997-02-18
DE4324488A1 (en) 1995-01-26
CA2167815A1 (en) 1995-02-02
EP0708905A1 (en) 1996-05-01
US5657555A (en) 1997-08-19
DE4324488C2 (en) 1998-02-05
WO1995003517A1 (en) 1995-02-02
ES2111942T3 (en) 1998-03-16
BR9407143A (en) 1996-09-17

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