EP0679765B1 - Schallschutzelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schallschutzelementes - Google Patents
Schallschutzelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schallschutzelementes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0679765B1 EP0679765B1 EP95104051A EP95104051A EP0679765B1 EP 0679765 B1 EP0679765 B1 EP 0679765B1 EP 95104051 A EP95104051 A EP 95104051A EP 95104051 A EP95104051 A EP 95104051A EP 0679765 B1 EP0679765 B1 EP 0679765B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- absorption layer
- insulation layer
- sound absorption
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
- E01F8/0029—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with porous surfaces, e.g. concrete with porous fillers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a soundproofing element for soundproof walls, consisting of a sound insulation layer and at least one on one of the sides of the soundproofing layer located sound absorption layer, the Sound insulation layer and the sound absorption layer elastomer, Contain rubber and / or plastic granulate from recycled material.
- the invention further relates to a method for manufacturing of such a soundproofing element.
- Such soundproofing elements are usually stacked on top of one another on soundproofing segments and their rows assembled into long soundproof walls.
- the spatial The soundproofing elements are fixed in that this between firmly anchored in the ground and in a predetermined Distance between columns or other substructures be inserted.
- Soundproofing elements on existing components such as buildings or To fasten structures.
- noise barriers which, for example, along railway lines, highways or set up alongside industrial facilities, can reduce the noise emissions from traffic or industrial facilities be significantly reduced so that nearby residential areas be effectively protected against disturbing noise emissions.
- the soundproofing elements used for this must, however meet a wide variety of requirements, from acoustic and optical requirements up to fire protection Demands are enough.
- the soundproofing elements mechanically particularly stable and high stability have, since these come as close as possible to the sound source have to be and thus possibly quite significant Differences in pressure act on this, such as this the case when a train passes by is.
- the soundproofing elements have to be extremely stable have to be applied loads by pressure or impact, such as when a vehicle collides the case may be undamaged or largely survive without damage.
- the noise protection element consists of a plate-shaped element made of plastic and / or elastomer granulate, which under high pressure and with addition a binder has been molded. On a flat side this plate-shaped element is resistant to aging and in particular UV-resistant protective layer applied, their composition similar to that of the plate-shaped element is.
- This protective layer serves on the one hand to ensure that underlying plate-shaped element against environmental influences to protect and on the other hand to the back of the To give the noise protection element a pleasing appearance, by being colored and / or with any profiling is provided.
- a layer of an elastomer and / or plastic granulate, which is bound with a binder and only with little Pressure is compression molded. Due to the low pressure this layer receives a porous structure which the desired Has sound absorption properties. These properties can be further improved if the gap between the plate-shaped element and the sound absorption layer is filled with a fiber material.
- Noise protection walls can be made with such noise protection elements build up, the acoustic properties of the can be adapted to the respective application.
- these noise protection elements are complicated Own structure and therefore expensive to manufacture are. Additional measures must also be taken to implement the required fire safety, which further increase manufacturing costs.
- the mechanical stability limited, so these noise control elements damaged by high pressure waves can be.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, an easy Soundproofing element to be handled and a method for producing it to create the same for soundproof walls is simple and cheap to manufacture, as low a weight as possible has a high mechanical strength, as well as good fire safety.
- the object underlying the invention is in one Soundproofing element of the type mentioned above solved that the soundproofing layer as a heterogeneous solid with anisotropic mechanical properties with the addition of a mineral, plastic-coated and hydraulically setting Binder is formed that the sound absorption layer an organic binder from a lower density flame retardant polyurethane or chlorosulfonated Polyethylene is added and that the sound insulation layer and the sound absorption layer merge into one another.
- the soundproofing element according to the invention is particularly simple built up, has a low weight and is in its Manufacture particularly cheap, because on the one hand preferably recycling materials are used and on the other hand its Manufacturing can be done in one operation. It can do that done that the individual layers one after the other filled without pressure into a corresponding form and subsequently be cured.
- This is the soundproofing element according to the invention for the production of inexpensive soundproof walls particularly well suited.
- one is very good sound insulation and sound absorption, where the sound absorption by changing the structure and the Mixing ratios adapted to the respective requirements can be.
- this soundproofing element is however in its very good mechanical properties and its comparatively light weight to see what makes it it is possible to manufacture particularly low soundproof walls, as well as high soundproof walls thanks to cassette-like Stacking and lining up the soundproofing elements to realize.
- the sound absorption layer suitably consists of a mixture largely from recycled plastic granulate and a second organic solid phase, preferably from irregular shaped fragments of porous lava clay.
- this is heterogeneous Mixture of the sound insulation layer and the mixture of the sound absorption layer mixed in any mixing ratio, the sound insulation layer continuously into the Sound absorption layer passes over.
- the soundproofing element is particularly favorable mechanical Receives properties, while at the same time another improvement the sound absorption properties is achieved.
- the density of the sound absorption layer should be set Condition advantageously less than 1.1 and the density of the soundproofing layer in the set state be greater than 1.1. This makes particularly good sound absorption and sound insulation values reached.
- a special embodiment of the invention is within the sound absorption layer and / or the sound insulation layer reinforcement to increase the mechanical stability Reinforcing iron or reinforcing nets sandwiched in two or more levels arranged.
- This reinforcement can be used at the same time inserting the individual layers into the mold will. Because this reinforcement is on all sides of the material of the individual layers is created after curing the soundproofing element is a particularly firm sandwich-like Composite.
- the sound absorption layer on their the sound source facing side is provided with a surface structure, those made of one piece and running lengthways or crossways Ribs or depressions may exist that are trapezoidal or have a wavy cross-sectional shape. It is also possible, integrally molded, regularly distributed projections or to provide recesses which are conical, truncated cone, pyramidal or prismatic cross-sectional structure exhibit. Because of the enlargement of the surface becomes a significant enhancement of the sound absorption effect reached.
- the sound absorption layer can contain chemical additives to prevent flammability.
- suitable combustible additives are also hydroxides or carbonates, for example aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3 ) or halogen-containing hydrocarbons or phosphoric acid ethers. It is also possible to use granules which are difficult to combust, as is the case, for example, when recycling cables or conveyor belts.
- the object underlying the invention will continue through a process for the manufacture of soundproofing elements for soundproof walls, consisting of a load-bearing soundproofing layer and one on one of the sides of the soundproofing layer located sound absorption layer, thereby loosened, that a first evenly mixed mixture of a flame retardant polyurethane and / or a flame-retardant binder based on chlorosol-treated Polyethylene with an elastomer and / or plastic granulate from recycled material, the sound absorption layer forming, is filled without pressure into a mold.
- the setting of the first mixture becomes a second mixture greater density from a plastic-bonded elastomer and / or Plastic granules made from recycled material and one mineral hardened and hydraulically setting Binder, forming the soundproofing layer, into the Form filled.
- the setting process of the first and the second Layer occurs essentially at the same time under a light layer Pressure increase.
- the soundproofing element according to the invention can thus be used low effort and therefore cheap to manufacture. Through the in essential simultaneous setting of the sound insulation layer and the soundproofing layer becomes a particularly solid one-piece Verbund reached.
- the shape before setting the first and the second mixture closed with a lid and before the two mixtures have set by 180 ° turned. In this way, a targeted minor Reach pressure increase, the sound absorption layer is not compressed unnecessarily, as is done by the uncontrolled Penetration of the hydraulically setting binder the second mixture into the first mixture could.
- the first mixture can be mixed with a difficultly flammable granulate, preferably from cable or conveyor belt waste and / or Al (OH) 3 , halogen-containing hydrocarbons or phosphoric acid esters.
- a Soundproofing element 1 produced according to the invention is shown, which consists of a sound insulation layer 2 and a solid with this connected sound absorption layer 3.
- a protective layer not shown be provided on the opposite side of the sound absorption layer 3
- the sound insulation layer 2 and the sound absorption layer 3 from a uniform mixed elastomer and / or plastic granulate, the sound insulation layer 2 with the addition of a mineral, Plastic-coated hydraulically setting binder, for example cement, to form a firm bond with heterogeneous structure is cured.
- the sound insulation layer 2 is a mixture of gravel and sand to mix.
- the density of the soundproofing layer 2 should be greater than 1.1 and the Density of the sound absorption layer 3 should be less than 1.1.
- the density can be easily changed by changing the Set the mixing ratio.
- the Sound absorption layer 3 additionally irregularly shaped Fragments of lavabone contain so that a special good sound absorption effect is achieved.
- This mixture gives very good sound absorption properties achieved, including the fire protection requirements can be fulfilled very easily by chemical Additives against flammability and / or flame-retardant granules, for example from cable or conveyor belt waste or recycling material can be obtained.
- PU binders that are difficult to burn can be used be used.
- Reinforcement 4 made of reinforcement bars or reinforcement nets, also Glass, glass fiber materials or plastics for use can come out sandwiched in two or more levels are arranged one above the other.
- the multi-layered reinforcements 4 can also have different distances from each other exhibit.
- This reinforcement 4 is a significant improvement in achieved mechanical stability of the soundproofing element 1, it is of course possible, also in the soundproofing layer 2 provide a reinforcement 4.
- the sound absorption layer 3 has a surface structure provided with molded in one piece and provided with longitudinal or transverse ribs 5 or depressions which is a trapezoidal or wavy surface structure form and on the facing the sound source Are arranged outside.
- ribs 5 can also be integrally attached to the sound absorption layer 3 molded on or molded in, regularly distributed projections or depressions with a cross-section more conical, truncated cone, pyramid or prism shaped Shape can be provided. For visual reasons, it is advisable if the height of all the ribs 5 or protrusions are the same is, or groups of ribs or protrusions of equal heights exhibit. The same applies to deepening.
- ribs 5 stand up the full-area sound absorption layer 3, which is a strength of about 25 mm and are integrally connected to this. Since both the sound absorption layer 3 and the from this projecting ribs 5 have a porous structure, through the use of specially blended Granules are made from recycled rubber or plastic in conjunction with the voids between each Grains of the granulate have particularly good sound absorption properties reached.
- the grain shape of the granules can be round, be angular or varied.
- the size of the cavities should add up to about 50% by volume, with the cavities mostly by the manufacturing process to be described are contiguous.
- the individual granules of the granulate are separated by an organic one Binder based on, for example, polyurethane or chlorosulfonated polyetylene to form an elastic body connected with each other. Gluing the granules takes place under low pressure and at normal temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature.
- the sound insulation layer 3 is at the same time in static Sensible part of the soundproofing element 1, the Thickness of this layer depends on the static requirements. As a rule, the sound insulation layer 3 should have a thickness about 80 - 100 mm.
- the production of the soundproofing elements 1 is particularly simple and can be done in a few work steps. This is first a first mixture of an evenly mixed, flame-retardant PU, or a difficult flammable binder based on chlorosulfonated Polyethylene and elastomer and / or plastic granulate from recycled material to fill without pressure into a mold in order to Produce sound absorption layer 3.
- the sound absorption layer is always on the side of the soundproofing element on which the noise emission occurs, for example from motor vehicles, the sound absorption layer should be particularly difficult to combust.
- This can be achieved by additionally adding a granulate made from a flame-retardant material, such as cable or conveyor belt waste, to this first mixture.
- a flame-retardant material such as cable or conveyor belt waste
- Al (OH) 3 halogen-containing hydrocarbons or phosphoric acid esters can also be added.
- a second mixture becomes larger Density, the sound insulation layer 2 made of a plastic-bound Elastomer and / or plastic granulate made from recycled material with an admixture of mineral, hydraulically setting Binding agents filled into the mold without pressure.
- the filling this layer of higher density is briefly interrupted, to insert the reinforcement in the desired levels 4 to enable.
- After filling the first and the The second mixture is the mold with an appropriate lid locked. A subsequent rotation of the mold by 180 ° can be advantageous because it prevents the penetration of mineral Avoid binders in the sound absorption layer is, which negatively affects the sound absorption ability could be.
- the shape also additionally heated and / or steam blown into the mold will. It is also possible to cure under to apply light pressure. To do this, it is sufficient to include the shape a suitable closure or cover and this easy to press into the mold. By curing at the same time the sound insulation layer 2 and the sound absorption layer 3 under slight pressure is at the interface between the two Layers achieved a good connection. For this it is advisable if the shape has sufficient inherent rigidity, so that the hydrostatic occurring during pressing Press these can not bend.
- the sound absorption layer 3 and the sound insulation layer 2 can also be prepared in such a way that the mixing ratios during the first and second layers the filling in the form are continuously changed.
- a soundproofing element 1 can thus be produced at a smooth transition from the sound absorption layer 3 is given in the sound insulation layer 2.
- the soundproofing element 1 produced according to the invention is special easy and inexpensive to manufacture and has one comparatively low weight a very good mechanical Stability on.
- a particular advantage of this solution is also to see that mainly recycling or waste materials used to manufacture the soundproofing element 1 can be, so that because of the enormous attack this Materials is shown a meaningful utilization.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
Description
Claims (10)
- Schallschutzelement für Schallschutzwände, bestehend aus einer tragfähigen Schalldämmschicht (2) und wenigstens einer auf einer der Seiten der Schalldämmschicht (2) befindlichen Schallabsorptionsschicht (3), wobei die Schalldämmschicht (2) und die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) Elastomer-, Gummi- und/oder Kunststoffgranulat aus Recyclingmaterial enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Schalldämmschicht (2) als heterogener Festkörper mit anisotropen mechanischen Eigenschaften unter Zusatz eines mineralischen, kunststoffvergüteten und hydraulisch abbindendem Bindemittels ausgebildet ist,daß der Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) mit geringerer Dichte ein organisches Bindemittel aus einem schwer brennbar eingestellten Polyurethan oder chlorsulfoniertem Polyethylen beigemischt ist, unddaß die Schalldämmschicht (2) und die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) einstückig ineinander übergehen.
- Schallschutzelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) aus einem Gemenge aus Recycling-Kunststoffgranulat und einer zweiten anorganischen Feststoffphase, vorzugsweise aus unregelmäßig geformten Bruchstücken aus porösem Lavabeton besteht.
- Schallschutzelement nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das heterogene Gemenge der Schalldämmschicht (2) und das Gemenge der Schallabsorptionsschicht jeweils in einem beliebigen Mischungsverhältnis gemischt sind und daß die Schalldämmschicht (2) kontinuierlich in die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) übergeht.
- Schallschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichte der Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) im abgebundenen Zustand kleiner als 1,1 ist und daß die Dichte der Schalldämmschicht (2) im abgebundenen Zustand größer 1,1 ist.
- Schallschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb der Schallabsorptionsschicht und/oder der Schalldämmschicht (2) eine Armierung (4) aus Metall, Kunststoff oder Glas in einer Ebene oder in mehreren Ebenen sandwichartig angeordnet sind.
- Schallschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) auf ihrer der Schallquelle zugewandten Seite mit einer geometrischen Oberflächenstruktur, bestehend aus einstückig angeformten längs oder quer verlaufenden Rippen (5) oder Vertiefungen mit trapez- oder wellenförmigem Querschnitt, oder aus regelmäßig verteilten Vorsprüngen oder Vertiefungen mit kegel-, kegelstumpf-, pyramiden- oder prismenförmiger Querschnittsstruktur versehen ist.
- Schallschutzelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) zur Verringerung der Brennbarkeit Al(OH)3 beigemischt ist und/oder halogenhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Phosphorsäreester beigemischt ist.
- Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schallschutzelementes für Schallschutzwände, bestehend aus einer tragfähigen Schalldämmschicht (2) und einer auf einer der Seiten der Schalldämmschicht (2) befindlichen Schallabsorptionsschicht (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine erste gleichmäßig durchmischte Mischung aus einem schwer brennbar eingestellten Polyurethan und/oder einem schwer brennbaren Bindemittel auf der Basis von chlorsulfoniertem Polyetylen mit einem Elastomer- und/oder Kunststoffgranulat aus Recyclingmaterial, die Schallabsorptionsschicht (3) bildend, drucklos in eine Form eingefüllt wird,daß vor dem Abbinden der ersten Mischung eine zweite Mischung größerer Dichte aus einem kunststoffgebundenen Elastomer- und/oder Kunststoffgranulat aus Recyclingmaterial und einem mineralischen kunststoffvergüteten und hydraulisch abbindendem Bindemittel, die Schalldämmschicht (2) bildend, drucklos in die Form eingefüllt wird, unddaß der Abbindevorgang der ersten und der zweiten Schicht unter einer leichten Druckerhöhung im wesentlichen zeitgleich erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form vor dem Abbinden der ersten und der zweiten Mischung mit einem Deckel verschlossen und daß die verschlossene Form vor dem Abbinden der ersten und der zweiten Mischung um 180° gewendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ersten Mischung ein schwer brennbares Granulat, vorzugsweise aus Kabel- oder Transportbandabfällen und/oder Al(OH)3, halogenhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe oder Phosphorsäureester beigemischt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4411003A DE4411003C2 (de) | 1994-03-30 | 1994-03-30 | Schallschutzelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schallschutzelementes |
DE4411003 | 1994-03-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0679765A1 EP0679765A1 (de) | 1995-11-02 |
EP0679765B1 true EP0679765B1 (de) | 1998-05-27 |
Family
ID=6514218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95104051A Expired - Lifetime EP0679765B1 (de) | 1994-03-30 | 1995-03-20 | Schallschutzelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schallschutzelementes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0679765B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE166682T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4411003C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0825302A1 (de) * | 1996-08-20 | 1998-02-25 | Alpha Brevet S.A. | Vorrichtung zur Lärmdämmung, insbesondere entlang von Strassen |
WO1998026131A1 (de) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-18 | Paul Andermatt | Schallschutzwand |
WO2003008711A1 (de) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-30 | Paul Andermatt | Schallschutzwand |
DE10141265B4 (de) * | 2001-08-22 | 2005-02-24 | Hans-Peter Bock | Modifizierte Verbundplatte |
AT8069U1 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-01-15 | Joro System Ges M B H | Bauelement für lärmschutzwand |
EP2311900B1 (de) | 2005-09-07 | 2015-03-11 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Sternpolymere und Herstellungsverfahren |
DE102008060102A1 (de) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-02 | Betonwerk Schuster Gmbh | Lärmschutzeinrichtung und Zuschlagstoff für die Ausbildung einer Absorberschicht einer Lärmschutzeinrichtung |
ITRM20100049A1 (it) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-12 | Francesco Lipari | Armadillo barriera antirumore energetica ovvero sistema integrato per produrre energia pulita dal passaggio di veicoli con attenuazione del rumore stradale |
DE102010014130A1 (de) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Conradi + Kaiser Gmbh | Schallschutzplatte, Schallschutzwand und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schallschutzplatte |
DE102010053612A1 (de) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Conradi + Kaiser Gmbh | Schallschutzelement, Schallschutzwand, Fensterladen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schallschutzelements |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2518138A1 (de) * | 1975-04-24 | 1976-11-04 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | Schutzwand gegen laermimmissionen |
DE7735545U1 (de) * | 1977-11-21 | 1978-04-20 | Reifen-Weiss Kg, 6342 Haiger | Schalldaemmendes bauelement in form eines mehrschichtigen plattenkoerpers |
DE7801086U1 (de) * | 1978-01-16 | 1978-05-11 | Gummi Stricker, Paul H. Stricker Kg, 4400 Muenster | Schallschluckplatte |
DE3405231A1 (de) * | 1983-04-19 | 1984-10-25 | Kork AG Boswil, Boswil | Formkoerper, verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung desselben |
AT394226B (de) * | 1989-01-10 | 1992-02-25 | Engelhard Konrad | Schallabsorptionskoerper |
DE3916799A1 (de) * | 1989-05-23 | 1990-11-29 | Sto Poraver Gmbh | Schallabsorptionsplatte |
DE3925354A1 (de) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-02-07 | Helmut Schoenberger | Schallschutzelement |
DE9005163U1 (de) * | 1990-05-07 | 1990-07-12 | Reiff-Beton-Rohr GmbH & Co KG, 5473 Kruft | Lärmschutzwand |
CH684279A5 (de) * | 1991-07-05 | 1994-08-15 | Umb Trading Ltd | Lärmschutzelement für Lärmschutzwände. |
DE4200159C1 (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1993-03-18 | Ralf 2872 Hude De Mehrings | Prodn. of plate section for sound-proofing wall - by forming steel-concrete carrier plate with profiled sound-absorbing front plate contg. elastic granules and binding agent shaped with stamp |
-
1994
- 1994-03-30 DE DE4411003A patent/DE4411003C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-20 EP EP95104051A patent/EP0679765B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-20 DE DE59502306T patent/DE59502306D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-20 AT AT95104051T patent/ATE166682T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59502306D1 (de) | 1998-07-02 |
DE4411003C2 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
EP0679765A1 (de) | 1995-11-02 |
DE4411003A1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
ATE166682T1 (de) | 1998-06-15 |
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