EP0659626B1 - Single running gear for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Single running gear for rail vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0659626B1
EP0659626B1 EP94118624A EP94118624A EP0659626B1 EP 0659626 B1 EP0659626 B1 EP 0659626B1 EP 94118624 A EP94118624 A EP 94118624A EP 94118624 A EP94118624 A EP 94118624A EP 0659626 B1 EP0659626 B1 EP 0659626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
running gear
links
individual
frame
way
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EP94118624A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0659626A1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Dipl.-Ing. Müller
Johannes Dipl.-Ing. Hock
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Fretwurst
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Bohms
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Bombardier Transportation GmbH
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ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Schweiz AG
ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Deutschland GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a single chassis for rail vehicles, especially for local and regional railways according to the generic term of claim 1.
  • Single trolleys designed as wheelset or single wheel trolleys, are used by light two-axle rail vehicles, such as Diesel railcars, applied. Through their articulations, they become Car body base frames in their running behavior and in the wear of the Wheel flanges and the tread of the wheels affected.
  • EP 00 82 043 B1 describes a single wheel chassis for rail vehicles known, the wheelset bearings on inclined rubber layer springs as Primary spring level the chassis frame with its cranked design Pick up side members.
  • the second spring level is with four screws or Layered rubber springs on the longitudinal beam ends.
  • To guide the Trailing arms are provided on the trailing arm, which are on the body frame attached to the front or towards the center.
  • Single-wheel bogies with primary suspension are also known between wheelset storage and chassis frame and, with a Secondary suspension to the body, which by one to the Longitudinal ends arranged inclined rubber layer spring formed and thus supports the car body on the driving or running gear.
  • sliding surfaces can be made on these secondary rubber layer springs be present, to the center point "Radsatz - Wagenlpsychmitte", radial and are arranged obliquely to the vertical. These sliding surfaces are used for better radial setting of the wheel sets when driving through bends than they would allow lateral deflection of the secondary rubber layer spring alone (see also EP 00 82 043 B1).
  • Pendulums are present, which are made of layered rubber springs as a second spring step support the car body.
  • the longitudinal forces from the drive or Braking forces are applied to the chassis frame by means of trailing arms Transfer body frame. Connect the two trailing arms a crossbar with the base frame. The crossbar is again over attached a pivot point to the cross member of the chassis. The wheelset will pulled or pushed like a drawbar. The transverse deflection is determined by the restoring force of the pendulum. (See one Plant information of CESKOSLOVENSKE VAGONKY G.R., PRAHA, RAIL 76, M152 diesel railcar in the CSSR, Fig. 11).
  • All of these single wheel bogies have in common that the from the Driving or braking torque generated vertical reaction forces over the Four support points of the second spring level on the Car body base frames act.
  • the radial setting of the wheel sets in the Bow is made possible by transverse shear in the four elastic Support points or pendulum between car body and chassis radial deflection of the wheelset can take place. This deflection is at the undercarriages with those in addition to the rubber layer springs inclined sliding surfaces positively influenced by lower counterforces.
  • the wings of the two opposite sides of the vehicle are one above the other Torsion bar connected to each other, which acts as a cross stabilizer and thus causes a bank of the vehicle construction to the inside of the curve.
  • a pitching movement of the Undercarriage not avoided, which leads to tension in the undercarriage itself (which can lead to increased tire wear when driving on bends leads).
  • the invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem to create generic single chassis that is centered under the Car body is running.
  • the position of the body over the middle of the Chassis should ensure its full transverse mobility be made possible.
  • the chassis should pitch both in the vertical compression of the car body and in Transfer of the tensile and braking forces can be avoided.
  • the compensation device can advantageously consisting of a pendulum arrangement consisting of staggered links be formed with a coupling element serving as a torsion bar.
  • the centering device from a rotary cradle formed, which is guided over diagonally arranged handlebars of equal length, whereby the inclusion of the handlebar ends via appropriate bearings (with non-reactive characteristics - claim 8 -) and on the rotary cradle itself and the cross members of the undercarriage frame accordingly arranged consoles takes place.
  • a single chassis designed as a wheel set or single wheel chassis is, it can adjust itself radially by turning without slipping and is effectively prevented from nodding.
  • the transmission of the train and Braking forces occur without adverse effects on the chassis and the car body.
  • An initially unstable system becomes relative low technological effort, clearly stabilized kinematically.
  • Fig. 2 shows the forces and movements of both Equipment for a specific case (here cornering right and assumed usual pitching movement to the rail of the undercarriage cross member 2b for solutions according to the prior art).
  • the single chassis is designed as a wheelset.
  • the car body 1 is supported on the chassis frame 2 by means of a secondary suspension 5, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed from an air suspension, above the wheel set 3.
  • the wheel set 3 is supported in the undercarriage frame 2 formed from the longitudinal beams 2a, the straight crossbeams 2b via the primary spring 4, which is preferably stiff in the longitudinal direction.
  • the compensation device K arranged in the area of the longitudinal center axis FML of the chassis frame 2 , is made from a pendulum arrangement 6 formed from links 6a and 6b, from a coupling element designed as a torsion bar 7, on the cross members 2b and rigidly connected to the torsion bar 7, U-shaped trained receiving devices 8 and 9, which receive the bearings 10 arranged at the ends of the links 6a and 6b.
  • the bearings 10 have a non-reactive characteristic.
  • the open sides of the U-shaped receiving devices 8 and 9 for the bearings 10 are in the rest position offset by 90 ° to one another on a perpendicular perpendicular MS.
  • this solution prevents additional loading and unloading of the secondary suspension 5 as a result of reaction forces from the transmission of tensile and braking forces, which occurs, for example, in the case of a torsion bar arranged on one side.
  • the centering device Z is formed from a rotary cradle 13 guided via links 12a and 12b.
  • the pivoting cradle 13 is guided elastically via the diagonally opposite links 12a and 12b via brackets 15a and 15b to the crossbeams 2b of the chassis frame 2 , the two ends of the pivoting cradle 13 pointing to a defined area of the crossbeams 2b, where u-shaped ones Consoles 16a and 16b are arranged.
  • Linkage axles 17 and 18, which are offset by 90 o from one another, serve to accommodate the bearings 11 of the links 12a and 12b.
  • the rotary cradle 13 is attached to the car body 1 via a vertically rotatable (about the pivot point D bogie / car body) arranged in its radial bearing 14. This arrangement provides both the transmission of the tensile and braking forces and the centering of the single wheel set chassis itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)

Abstract

The device combines a compensation device, which is located in the longitudinal centre axis (FML) of the bogie frame (2), with a centering device located above the centre of the bogie frame. This is to accommodate the opposite vertical movements of the outer transverse struts (2b) of the frame, which result from the drive or braking momentum, for the prevention of galloping, stabilize the individual bogie, and guarantee the cross movement of the waggon body above the transverse vehicle axis. The compensation device consists of a pendulum arrangement (6), with a coupling element, which acts as torsion bar (7). The arrangement is formed by hinged bars (6a,b), and the position of the bars on the transverse struts is determined by U-shaped holder units (8).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Einzelfahrwerk für Schienenfahrzeuge, insbesondere für Nah- und Regionalverkehrsbahnen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a single chassis for rail vehicles, especially for local and regional railways according to the generic term of claim 1.

Einzelfahrwerke, ausgebildet als Radsatz- oder Einzelradfahrwerk, werden bei leichten zweiachsigen Schienenfahrzeugen, wie zum Beispiel Dieseltriebwagen, angewendet. Sie werden durch ihre Anlenkungen zum Wagenkastengrundrahmen hin in ihrem Laufverhalten und im Verschleiß der Spurkränze und der Laufflächen der Räder beeinflußt.Single trolleys, designed as wheelset or single wheel trolleys, are used by light two-axle rail vehicles, such as Diesel railcars, applied. Through their articulations, they become Car body base frames in their running behavior and in the wear of the Wheel flanges and the tread of the wheels affected.

Alle bekannten Lösungen erfüllen die Aufgabe der Übertragung der Zug- und Bremskräfte. Das führt aber bei allen Konstruktionen zu einer zusätzlichen, zug- bzw. bremskraftabhängigen Be- oder Entlastung der Sekundärfedern. Weiterhin ist bei allen Lösungen, die mit einem ideellen Drehzapfen arbeiten, dieser nicht in allen kinematischen Zuständen des Fahrwerkes wirklich über der Mitte der Radachse geführt wird. Dies führt bei Bogenfahrt zu einer der Wendebewegung überlagerten Gleitbewegung und somit zum Verschleiß des Radsatzes.All known solutions fulfill the task of transferring the train and Braking forces. But this leads to an additional, load or relief of the secondary springs depending on the tension or braking force. Furthermore, for all solutions that work with an ideal pivot, this is not really in all kinematic states of the chassis the middle of the wheel axle is guided. This leads to one of the Reversing movement superimposed sliding movement and thus wear the Wheel set.

Aus der EP 00 82 043 B1 ist ein Einzelradfahrwerk für Schienenfahrzeuge bekannt, dessen Radsatzlager über schräggestellte Gummischichtfedern als Primärfederstufe den Fahrwerksrahmen mit seinen gekröpft ausgeführten Längsträgern aufnehmen. Die zweite Federstufe ist mit vier Schrauben- oder Gummischichtfedern an den Längsträgerenden ausgeführt. Zur Anlenkung der Fahrwerke sind Längslenker vorgesehen, die am Wagenkastengrundrahmen nach vorn oder zur Mitte weisend befestigt sind.EP 00 82 043 B1 describes a single wheel chassis for rail vehicles known, the wheelset bearings on inclined rubber layer springs as Primary spring level the chassis frame with its cranked design Pick up side members. The second spring level is with four screws or Layered rubber springs on the longitudinal beam ends. To guide the Trailing arms are provided on the trailing arm, which are on the body frame attached to the front or towards the center.

Bekannt sind weiterhin Einzelradsatzfahrwerke mit einer Primärfederung zwischen Radsatzlagerung und Fahrwerksrahmen und, mit einer Sekundärfederung zum Wagenkasten hin, die durch je eine an den Längsträgerenden angeordnete schräggestellte Gummischichtfeder gebildet wird und somit den Wagenkasten auf dem Fahr- oder Laufwerk abstützt. Zusätzlich können an diesen Sekundär-Gummischichtfedern noch Gleitflächen vorhanden sein, die zum Mittelpunkt "Radsatz - Wagenlängsmitte", radial und schräg zur Vertikalen, angeordnet sind. Diese Gleitflächen dienen zur besseren Radialeinstellung der Radsätze bei Bogendurchfahrten als sie die seitliche Auslenkung der Sekundär-Gummischichtfeder allein zulassen würde (vgl. hierzu ebenfalls die EP 00 82 043 B1).Single-wheel bogies with primary suspension are also known between wheelset storage and chassis frame and, with a Secondary suspension to the body, which by one to the Longitudinal ends arranged inclined rubber layer spring formed and thus supports the car body on the driving or running gear. In addition, sliding surfaces can be made on these secondary rubber layer springs be present, to the center point "Radsatz - Wagenlängmitte", radial and are arranged obliquely to the vertical. These sliding surfaces are used for better radial setting of the wheel sets when driving through bends than they would allow lateral deflection of the secondary rubber layer spring alone (see also EP 00 82 043 B1).

Weiterhin ist die Lösung eines Einzelradsatz-Triebfahrwerkes für einen Diesel-Kleintriebwagen bekannt, an dessen vier Fahrwerksrahmenlängsträgerenden Pendel vorhanden sind, die über Gummischichtfedern als zweite Federstufe den Wagenkasten abstützen. Die Längskräfte durch die Antriebs- bzw. Bremskräfte werden vom Fahrwerksrahmen mittels Längslenkern auf den Wagenkastengrundrahmen übertragen. Die beiden Längslenker verbinden einen Querbalken mit dem Grundrahmen. Der Querbalken ist wiederum über einen Drehpunkt am Querträger des Fahrwerkes befestigt. Der Radsatz wird dabei wie an einer Deichsel gezogen oder geschoben. Die Querauslenkung wird durch die Rückstellkraft der Pendel bestimmt. (Vgl. dazu eine Werksinformation der CESKOSLOVENSKE VAGONKY G.R., PRAHA, RAIL 76, Dieseltriebwagen M152 in der CSSR, Abb. 11).Furthermore, the solution of a single-wheel drive unit for a diesel small railcar known, on the four chassis frame longitudinal beam ends Pendulums are present, which are made of layered rubber springs as a second spring step support the car body. The longitudinal forces from the drive or Braking forces are applied to the chassis frame by means of trailing arms Transfer body frame. Connect the two trailing arms a crossbar with the base frame. The crossbar is again over attached a pivot point to the cross member of the chassis. The wheelset will pulled or pushed like a drawbar. The transverse deflection is determined by the restoring force of the pendulum. (See one Plant information of CESKOSLOVENSKE VAGONKY G.R., PRAHA, RAIL 76, M152 diesel railcar in the CSSR, Fig. 11).

Alle diese Einzelradsatzfahrwerke haben gemeinsam, daß die aus dem Antriebs- bzw. Bremsmoment erzeugten vertikalen Reaktionskräfte über die jeweils vorhandenen vier Abstützpunkte der zweiten Federstufe auf den Wagenkastengrundrahmen wirken. Die radiale Einstellung der Radsätze im Bogen wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß durch Querschub in den vier elastischen Abstützpunkten bzw. Pendeln zwischen Wagenkasten und Fahrwerk ein radiales Auslenken des Radsatzes erfolgen kann. Diese Auslenkung wird bei den Fahrwerken mit den zusätzlich zu den Gummischichtfedern vorhandenen schräggestellten Gleitflächen durch geringere Gegenkräfte positiv beeinflußt.All of these single wheel bogies have in common that the from the Driving or braking torque generated vertical reaction forces over the Four support points of the second spring level on the Car body base frames act. The radial setting of the wheel sets in the Bow is made possible by transverse shear in the four elastic Support points or pendulum between car body and chassis radial deflection of the wheelset can take place. This deflection is at the undercarriages with those in addition to the rubber layer springs inclined sliding surfaces positively influenced by lower counterforces.

Als nachteilig bei diesen Lösungen ist die komplizierte Bauweise anzusehen, die mit einem hohen technologischen Herstellungsaufwand verbunden ist. Auf Grund der als ungenügend angesehenen radialen Einstellung der Radachsen bei Bogendurchlauf ergibt sich ein relativ hoher Spurkranzverschleiß.A disadvantage of these solutions is the complicated construction, which is associated with a high level of technological production. Due to the radial setting of the The wheel axles when the sheet passes through are relatively high Wheel flange wear.

Weiterhin ist aus der Zeitschrift Verkehr und Technik 2/56 (9. Jahrgang), Seite 56 bis 59, "Diesel-Leichttriebwagen mit Einachsdeichselgestellen", insbesondere Bild 5, ein an einer Deichsel geführtes Einzelradsatzfahrwerk bekannt, dessen Anlenkpunkt als Drehzapfen ausgebildet ist und am Querträger des Laufwerkes angeordnet ist. Das Fahrwerk vollzieht bei Fahrt eine Schwenkung um den als festen Drehpunkt außerhalb des Achsmittelpunktes angeordneten Drehzapfen, der gleichzeitig als Festpunkt für die Aufnahme der Reaktionskräfte aus dem Antriebs- und Bremsmoment dient. Das derart ausgebildete Fahrwerk verwendet dabei nur zwei über dem Achslager angeordnete Sekundärfederungselemente.Furthermore, from the magazine Verkehr und Technik 2/56 (9th year), Pages 56 to 59, "Diesel light rail cars with single-axle drawbar frames", especially picture 5, an independent wheel set running on a drawbar known, the pivot point is designed as a pivot and on Cross member of the drive is arranged. The undercarriage takes place while driving a pivot around the as a fixed pivot outside of Axis center arranged pivot, which also serves as a fixed point for absorbing the reaction forces from the drive and braking torque serves. The chassis designed in this way uses only two over the Axle bearing secondary suspension elements.

Nachteilig bei derart ausgeführten Einzelradsatzfahrwerken ist das negative Verschleißverhalten der Radsätze bei Bogendurchfahrten. Die Ursache für das Auftreten hoher Verschleißwerte ist in dem außerhalb des Achsmittelpunktes angeordneten Drehzapfen zu sehen.The disadvantage of such a single wheel set running gear is the negative Wear behavior of the wheel sets when driving through bends. The cause of that High wear values occur in the outside of the axis center arranged pivot to see.

Weiterhin ist ein Einzelrad-Einzelfahrwerk bekannt, das mit selbststeuernden, auch in den Kurven immer tangential einstellbaren Rädern ausgerüstet ist. (Vgl. die Zeitschrift "Elektrische Bahnen" 89/1991 Nr. 6, Seite 193 bis 196, "Die Straßenbahn-Niederflurfahrzeuge NGT 6 C Kassel", Pkt. 2 Wagenbaulicher Teil, insbesondere Bild 3). Beide Räder des Fahrwerkes sind jeweils um eine Hochachse schwenkbar und über eine querliegende Spurstange verbunden. Hierbei ist von Nachteil, daß diese Lösung keinen Drehzapfen aufweist. Dadurch ist eine eindeutige Zentrierung zwischen Wagenkasten und Fahrwerksrahmen, zur Gewährleistung der Querbeweglichkeit des Einzelrad-Einzelfahrwerkes, nicht gegeben, was sich nachhaltig auf das Laufverhalten auswirkt.Furthermore, a single wheel single chassis is known, which with self-steering, wheels are always tangentially adjustable even in the curves. (See the magazine "electric railways" 89/1991 No. 6, pages 193 to 196, "The tram low-floor vehicles NGT 6 C Kassel", point 2 Wagon construction part, especially picture 3). Both wheels of the undercarriage are each pivotable about a vertical axis and over a transverse one Tie rod connected. The disadvantage here is that this solution does not Has pivot. This is a clear centering between Body and chassis frame to ensure the Cross mobility of the single wheel single chassis, not given what is has a lasting impact on running behavior.

Auch sind Lösungen zur Wankstabilisierung des Wagenkastens von Fahrzeugen bekannt,

  • die einen in Fahrzeugquerrichtung liegenden Querstabilisator, wie einen Torsionsstab anwenden (DE 28 41 769 A1),
  • die eine zwischen dem Wagenkasten und dem Drehgestellrahmen angeordnete Wankstütze verwenden (DE 35 10 454 A1),
  • die über ein Federmedium und eine Druckänderung entsprechende Längenänderungen auswerten und kompensieren (DE-AS 11 76 693 , DE 39 42 654 A1, DE 38 21 609 A1), wobei entsprechende Regelmaßnahmen sowohl hydraulisch (DE 38 21 610 A1) als auch mittels einer elektronischen Regeleinrichtung (DE 39 07 870 C2) durchführbar sind.
Solutions for roll stabilization of the body of vehicles are also known,
  • who use a transverse stabilizer lying in the transverse direction of the vehicle, such as a torsion bar (DE 28 41 769 A1),
  • who use a roll support arranged between the car body and the bogie frame (DE 35 10 454 A1),
  • evaluate and compensate for the corresponding changes in length via a spring medium and a pressure change (DE-AS 11 76 693, DE 39 42 654 A1, DE 38 21 609 A1), appropriate control measures being carried out both hydraulically (DE 38 21 610 A1) and by means of an electronic one Control device (DE 39 07 870 C2) can be carried out.

Diese Lösungen sind jedoch in ihrer Gesamtheit nicht einsetzbar, um eine Lösung zu realisieren, die ein Stabilisieren eines Schienenfahrzeug-Einzelfahrwerkes hinsichtlich auftretender Nickbewegungen und seiner Querstabilität selbst gewährleistet.However, these solutions cannot be used in their entirety to achieve a Realize a solution that stabilizes a rail vehicle single chassis with regard to occurring pitch movements and his Cross stability guaranteed itself.

Die DE 28 41 769 A1 zeigt die Lösung an einem zweiachsigen Drehgestell, bei der die Fahrzeugachsen des Drehgestells um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbar (relativ zur Fahrzeuglängsachse) gelagert sind, aber im übrigen fest zum Fahrzeugaufbau gehalten werden . Beim Durchfahren einer Kurve verschwenkt sich das Drehgestell um einen bestimmten Winkel zur Fahrzeuglängsachse über ein Drehkranzsegment. Entsprechende auf dem Drehgestell links und rechts angeordnete Schraubenfedern stützen den Fahrzeugaufbau ab, wobei das untere und obere Federlager vertikalbeweglich an einem Schwingenhalter am Drehgestell selbst befestigt sind. Auf der Oberseite der Schwinge befindet sich ein Gleitschuh, der mit der Gleitfläche des Drehkranzes zusammen arbeitet. Die Schwingen der beiden gegenüberliegenden Fahrzeugseiten sind dabei untereinander über einen Torsionsstab miteinander verbunden, der als Querstabilisator wirkt und somit eine Querneigung des Fahrzeugbaues zum Kurveninneren herbeiführt. Damit wird zwar eine Wankbewegung des Schienenfahrzeug-Wagenkastens selbst bei radialer Einstellung der Radsätze ausgeglichen, eine Nickbewegung des Fahrwerkes aber nicht vermieden, was zu einer Verspannung des Fahrwerkes selbst führen kann (was bei Bogenfahrt zu erhöhtem Radreifenverschleiß führt).DE 28 41 769 A1 shows the solution on a biaxial bogie, in which the vehicle axles of the bogie about a pivot axis are pivotally mounted (relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle), but otherwise be held firmly to the vehicle body. When driving through a curve the bogie swivels to a certain angle Vehicle longitudinal axis over a slewing ring segment. Corresponding on the Coil springs arranged on the left and right support the Vehicle body, with the lower and upper spring bearings movable vertically are attached to a swing arm bracket on the bogie itself. On the The top of the rocker is a sliding shoe that is with the sliding surface of the slewing ring works together. The wings of the two opposite sides of the vehicle are one above the other Torsion bar connected to each other, which acts as a cross stabilizer and thus causes a bank of the vehicle construction to the inside of the curve. In order to will be a rolling motion of the rail car body itself balanced with radial adjustment of the wheel sets, a pitching movement of the Undercarriage not avoided, which leads to tension in the undercarriage itself (which can lead to increased tire wear when driving on bends leads).

Lösungen zur Vermeidung der Nickbewegungen sind bei Straßenfahrzeugen allgemein bekannt (sh. dazu DE 33 35 861 A1 und DE 39 37 674 A1), die sowohl entsprechende hydraulische Komponenten als auch mechanische Stellglieder (Torsionsstab) verwenden, aber in der Form und Anordnung bei Einzelfahrwerken für Schienenfahrzeuge nicht anwendbar sind.Solutions for avoiding pitching movements are in road vehicles generally known (see DE 33 35 861 A1 and DE 39 37 674 A1), the both corresponding hydraulic components and mechanical ones Use actuators (torsion bar), but in the form and arrangement Single trolleys for rail vehicles are not applicable.

Der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Einzelfahrwerk zu schaffen, das zentriert unter dem Wagenkasten läuft. Die Haltung des Wagenkastens über der Mitte des Fahrwerkes bei Gewährleistung seiner vollen Querbeweglichkeit soll ermöglicht werden. Gleichzeitig sollen Nickbewegungen des Fahrwerkes sowohl beim vertikalen Einfedern des Wagenkastens als auch beim Übertragen der Zug- und Bremskräfte vermieden werden.The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem to create generic single chassis that is centered under the Car body is running. The position of the body over the middle of the Chassis should ensure its full transverse mobility be made possible. At the same time, the chassis should pitch both in the vertical compression of the car body and in Transfer of the tensile and braking forces can be avoided.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 8 angegeben.This problem is solved according to the invention with the features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in claims 2 to 8 specified.

Gemäß Anspruch 2 kann die Kompensationseinrichtung vorteilhafterweise aus einer aus versetzt angeordneten Lenkern bestehenden Pendelanordnung mit einem als Torsionsstab dienenden Koppelelement gebildet werden.According to claim 2, the compensation device can advantageously consisting of a pendulum arrangement consisting of staggered links be formed with a coupling element serving as a torsion bar.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung kann gemäß Anspruch 3 die Pendelanordnung aus Stäben oder aus pneumatischen, elektrischen oder hydraulischen Verstellzylindern bestehen, wobei die Kopplung der beiden Teilsysteme über pneumatische, hydraulische, elektrische oder über andere Kräfte übertragende Elemente gelöst werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention can according to claim 3 Pendulum arrangement from bars or from pneumatic, electrical or hydraulic adjustment cylinders exist, the coupling of the two Subsystems via pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical or other Force-transmitting elements can be solved.

Gemäß Anspruch 4 wird die Zentriereinrichtung aus einer Drehwiege gebildet, die über diagonal angeordnete gleich lange Lenker geführt ist, wobei die Aufnahme der Lenkerenden über entsprechende Lager (mit rückwirkungsfreier Charakteristik - Anspruch 8 -) und an der Drehwiege selbst und den Querträgern des Fahrwerkrahmens über entsprechend angeordnete Konsolen erfolgt.According to claim 4, the centering device from a rotary cradle formed, which is guided over diagonally arranged handlebars of equal length, whereby the inclusion of the handlebar ends via appropriate bearings (with non-reactive characteristics - claim 8 -) and on the rotary cradle itself and the cross members of the undercarriage frame accordingly arranged consoles takes place.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Lösung kann nach Anspruch 5 zur Bildung des Drehpunktes Drehgestell/Wagenkasten ein Kugeldrehkranz Anwendung finden.In a further development of the solution can form according to claim 5 Pivot bogie / car body using a ball slewing ring Find.

Bei Anwendung eines als Koppelelement dienenden Torsionsstabes kann dieser vorteilhaft gemäß Anspruch 6 drehbar gelagert am Wagenkasten geführt sein. Andererseits besteht nach Anspruch 7 die Möglichkeit, den als Kopplungselement eingesetzten Torsionsstab horizontal drehbar im Fahrwerksrahmen selbst zu lagern und die Lenker dabei gelenkig mit dem Wagenkasten in Verbindung zu bringen. When using a torsion bar serving as a coupling element this advantageous according to claim 6 rotatably mounted on the car body be led. On the other hand, there is the possibility according to claim 7, the Coupling element used torsion bar horizontally rotatable in the To store the chassis frame itself and the handlebars articulated with it Connect car body.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß ein als Radsatz oder Einzelradfahrwerk ausgebildetes Einzelfahrwerk in der Lage ist, sich durch Wenden ohne ein Quergleiten radial einstellen kann und wirkungsvoll am Nicken gehindert wird. Die Übertragung der Zug- und Bremskräfte erfolgt ohne nachteilige Rückwirkungen auf das Fahrwerk und den Wagenkasten. Ein zunächst prinzipiell instabiles System wird mit relativ geringem technologischen Aufwand kinematisch eindeutig stabilisiert.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that a single chassis designed as a wheel set or single wheel chassis is, it can adjust itself radially by turning without slipping and is effectively prevented from nodding. The transmission of the train and Braking forces occur without adverse effects on the chassis and the car body. An initially unstable system becomes relative low technological effort, clearly stabilized kinematically.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung soll anhand der Zeichnung gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 4 näher erläutert werden.An embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing according to the 1 to 4 are explained in more detail.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
das Prinzip der Kombination einer Kompensations- und einer Zentriereinrichtung einerseits zur Aufnahme der gegenläufigen vertikalen Bewegungen der äußeren Fahrwerks-Querträger zur Vermeidung des Nickens und andererseits zur Gewährleistung der Querbeweglichkeit des Einzelfahrwerkes selbst;
Fig. 2:
das Prinzip nach Fig. 1 mit angedeuteten Ausgleichbewegungen und Kräftefluß bei Kurvenfahrt;
Fig. 3:
die Gesamtansicht eines als Einzelfahrwerk ausgebildeten Radsatzlaufwerkes mit der konstruktiven Lage einer aus Lenkern und einem Torsionsstab gebildeten Kompensationseinrichtung und einer aus einer Drehwiege gebildeten Zentriereinrichtung;
Fig. 4:
die konkrete Ausführung der Kompensationseinrichtung und Zentriereinrichtung als Baugruppe gemäß Fig. 3.
Show it:
Fig. 1:
the principle of the combination of a compensation and a centering device on the one hand to accommodate the opposite vertical movements of the outer chassis cross member to avoid pitching and on the other hand to ensure the transverse mobility of the individual chassis itself;
Fig. 2:
the principle of Figure 1 with indicated compensatory movements and flow of forces when cornering.
Fig. 3:
the overall view of a wheel set designed as a single carriage with the structural position of a compensation device formed from handlebars and a torsion bar and a centering device formed from a rotary cradle;
Fig. 4:
the concrete design of the compensation device and centering device as an assembly according to FIG. 3.

Die gemäß Fig. 1 aufgezeigte Lösung zeigt die prinzipielle Anbindung eines aus einem Fahrwerkrahmen 2 und einem Radsatz 3 gebildeten Einzelfahrwerkes an den Wagenkasten 1 eines Schienenfahrzeuges in Ruhestellung. Die wesentlichen Baugruppen, die die Funktionen

  • a) Übertragung der Zug- und Bremskräfte,
  • b) Zentrierung des Fahrwerkes unter dem Wagenkasten über der Radsatzmitte und
  • c) Stabilisierung des Fahrwerkes und Nickbewegungen des Fahrwerks verhindern
  • übernehmen, werden dabei aus einer am Fahrwerkrahmen 2 angebundenen Kompensationseinrichtung K und Zentriereinrichtung Z gebildet, wobei die Kompensationseinrichtung K selbst im Bereich der Fahrwerksmittenlängsachse FML angeordnet ist und die Zentriereinrichtung Z selbst um den Drehpunkt D Drehgestell/Wagenkasten arbeitet.The solution shown in FIG. 1 shows the basic connection of an individual chassis formed from a chassis frame 2 and a wheel set 3 to the body 1 of a rail vehicle in the rest position. The main assemblies, the functions
  • a) transmission of tensile and braking forces,
  • b) centering the undercarriage under the body over the center of the wheelset and
  • c) Prevent stabilization of the undercarriage and pitching movements of the undercarriage
  • take over, are formed from a connected to the chassis frame 2 compensation device K and centering device Z, wherein the compensation device K itself is arranged in the area of the longitudinal center axis FML and the centering device Z itself works around the pivot point D bogie / body.

    Fig. 2 zeigt dabei die auftretenden Kräfte und Bewegungen beider Einrichtungen für einen bestimmten Fall (hierbei Kurvenfahrt rechts und angenommene übliche Nickbewegung zur Schiene des Fahrwerkrahmen-Querträgers 2b bei Lösungen nach dem Stand der Technik).Fig. 2 shows the forces and movements of both Equipment for a specific case (here cornering right and assumed usual pitching movement to the rail of the undercarriage cross member 2b for solutions according to the prior art).

    Durch die symmetrische Erfassung und Kompensation der auftretenden Kräfte aus Nickbewegungen des Fahrwerkes ist es möglich, von vorn herein Verspannungen im Fahrwerk selbst zu vermeiden. Die symmetrische beidseitige Anbindung der Drehwiege an den Fahrwerkrahmen, wobei die Anbindungselemente (Lager etc.) ebenfalls eine rückwirkungsfreie Charakteristik aufweisen müssen, gestatten es, auftretende Kräfte aus den Quer- und Vertikalbewegungen zwischen Fahrwerk und Wagenkasten ebenfalls zu kompensieren, so daß hieraus ebenfalls keine Verspannungen im Fahrwerk auftreten können.Through the symmetrical detection and compensation of the occurring Forces from pitching movements of the undercarriage are possible from the beginning Avoid tension in the chassis itself. The symmetrical bilateral connection of the rotary cradle to the chassis frame, the Connection elements (bearings, etc.) are also non-reactive Must have characteristics, allow occurring forces from the Cross and vertical movements between the chassis and the body also to compensate, so that there is also no tension in the Chassis can occur.

    Gemäß Fig. 3 und 4 ist das Einzelfahrwerk als Radsatzlaufwerk ausgebildet. Der Wagenkasten 1 ist auf dem Fahrwerkrahmen 2 mittels einer Sekundärfederung 5, die im Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer Luftfederung gebildet wird, oberhalb des Radsatzes 3 abgestützt. Der Radsatz 3 wird in dem aus den Längsträgern 2a, den geraden Querträgern 2b gebildeten Fahrwerkrahmen 2 über die Primärfeder 4 gelagert, die in Längsrichtung vorzugsweise steif ausgebildet ist.3 and 4, the single chassis is designed as a wheelset. The car body 1 is supported on the chassis frame 2 by means of a secondary suspension 5, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed from an air suspension, above the wheel set 3. The wheel set 3 is supported in the undercarriage frame 2 formed from the longitudinal beams 2a, the straight crossbeams 2b via the primary spring 4, which is preferably stiff in the longitudinal direction.

    Die Kompensationseinrichtung K, im Bereich der Fahrwerksmittenlängsachse FML des Fahrwerkrahmens 2 angeordnet, wird dabei aus einer aus Lenkern 6a und 6b gebildeten Pendelanordnung 6, aus einem als Torsionsstab 7 ausgebildetem Kopplungselement, an den Querträgern 2b und mit dem Torsionsstab 7 starr verbundenen, u-förmig ausgebildeten Aufnahmeeinrichtungen 8 und 9, die die an den Enden der Lenker 6a und 6b angeordneten Lager 10 aufnehmen, gebildet. Die Lager 10 weisen dabei eine rückwirkungsfreie Charakteristik auf. Die offenen Seiten der u-förmigen Aufnahmeeinrichtungen 8 und 9 für die Lager 10 liegen dabei in Ruhestellung um 90o versetzt zueinander auf einer Mittelsenkrechten MS. Hierdurch wird das Fahrwerk einerseits stabilisiert (Dreipunktlagerung) und andererseits am Nicken gehindert (Verdrehen des Torsionsstabes 7). Weiterhin wird durch diese Lösung eine zusätzliche Be- und Entlastung der Sekundärfederung 5 infolge von Reaktionskräften aus der Übertragung von Zug- und Bremskräften, welche zum Beispiel bei einem einseitig angeordneten Torsionsstab auftritt, verhindert.The compensation device K, arranged in the area of the longitudinal center axis FML of the chassis frame 2 , is made from a pendulum arrangement 6 formed from links 6a and 6b, from a coupling element designed as a torsion bar 7, on the cross members 2b and rigidly connected to the torsion bar 7, U-shaped trained receiving devices 8 and 9, which receive the bearings 10 arranged at the ends of the links 6a and 6b. The bearings 10 have a non-reactive characteristic. The open sides of the U-shaped receiving devices 8 and 9 for the bearings 10 are in the rest position offset by 90 ° to one another on a perpendicular perpendicular MS. This stabilizes the undercarriage on the one hand (three-point bearing) and on the other hand prevents it from pitching (twisting of the torsion bar 7). Furthermore, this solution prevents additional loading and unloading of the secondary suspension 5 as a result of reaction forces from the transmission of tensile and braking forces, which occurs, for example, in the case of a torsion bar arranged on one side.

    Die Zentriereinrichtung Z wird aus einer über Lenker 12a und 12b geführten Drehwiege 13 gebildet. Die Führung der Drehwiege 13 erfolgt dabei elastisch über die diagonal gegenüberliegenden Lenker 12a und 12b über Konsole 15a und 15b zu den Querträgern 2b des Fahrwerkrahmens 2 hin, wobei die beiden Enden der Drehwiege 13 zu einem definierten Bereich der Querträger 2b weisen, wo u-förmige Konsolen 16a und 16b angeordnet sind. Zur Aufnahme der Lager 11 der Lenker 12a und 12b dienen Anlenkachsen 17 und 18, die um 90o zueinander versetzt liegen. Die Befestigung der Drehwiege 13 zum Wagenkasten 1 hin erfolgt über ein vertikal drehbares (um den Drehpunkt D Drehgestell/Wagenkasten) in ihr angeordnetes Radiallager 14. Durch diese Anordnung sind sowohl die Übertragung der Zug-und Bremskräfte als auch die Zentrierung des Einzelradsatzfahrwerkes selbst gegeben.

    Figure 00090001
    The centering device Z is formed from a rotary cradle 13 guided via links 12a and 12b. The pivoting cradle 13 is guided elastically via the diagonally opposite links 12a and 12b via brackets 15a and 15b to the crossbeams 2b of the chassis frame 2 , the two ends of the pivoting cradle 13 pointing to a defined area of the crossbeams 2b, where u-shaped ones Consoles 16a and 16b are arranged. Linkage axles 17 and 18, which are offset by 90 o from one another, serve to accommodate the bearings 11 of the links 12a and 12b. The rotary cradle 13 is attached to the car body 1 via a vertically rotatable (about the pivot point D bogie / car body) arranged in its radial bearing 14. This arrangement provides both the transmission of the tensile and braking forces and the centering of the single wheel set chassis itself.
    Figure 00090001

    Claims (8)

    1. Individual running gear for rail vehicles, particularly for local tracks and regional tracks, wherein the two-stage sprung individual running gear connected to the coach body is constructed as a wheel set running gear or single wheel running gear, characterised by the combination of a compensating device (K), which is arranged in the region of the running gear centre longitudinal axis (RML) of the running gear frame (2), with a centring device (Z), which is arranged above the centre of the running gear frame (2), for reception of the oppositely directed vertical movement of the outer crossbeam (2b) of the running gear frame (2), which result from the drive or braking moments, in order to avoid pitching and to stabilise the individual running gear, as well as for guaranteeing the transverse movement of the coach body by way of the running gear transverse axis.
    2. Individual running gear according to claim 1, characterised thereby that the compensating device (K) is formed from a pendulating arrangement (6) with a coupling alement serving as a torsion bar (7), wherein the pendulating arrangement (6) is formed by pivotably mounted links (6a and 6b), the lateral position of which is determined on the one hand at the crossbeams (2b) of the running gear frame (2) itself by the direct arrangement of downwardly pointing receiving devices (8), which are constructed to be U-shaped, on the running gear centre longitudinal axis (FML), and thereby that the ends of the coupling element constructed as torsion bar (7) on the other hand receive the opposite side of links (6a and 6b), in that each end region of the torsion bar (7) in turn has a receiving device (9) constructed to be U-shaped, wherein the open sides of both receiving devices (8 and 9), which are constructed to be U-shaped, for the bearings (10 and 11) of the links (6a and 6b) are offset relative to one another in the rest setting by 90° on a centre perpendicular line (MS).
    3. Individual running gear according to claim 2, characterised thereby that the pendulating arrangement (6) is formed from pneumatically or hydraulically actuated adjusting cylinders with adjusting pistons, wherein the coupling of both partial systems is effected by way of pneumatic, hydraulic or other force-transmitting elements.
    4. Individual running gear according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised thereby that the centring device (Z) is formed from a rocker (13) guided by way of links (12a and 12b), and that at on the one hand the fastening of the rocker (13) to the coach body (1) is effected by way of a radial bearing (14) arranged vertically in the rocker (13) and on the other hand a resilient guidance of the rocker (13) itself is effected by way of the equal length links (12a and 12b), which are arranged diagonally opposite, and by way of brackets (15a and 15b) relative to the crossbeams (2b) of the running gear frame (2), and that the two ends of the rocker (13) point towards a defined region of the crossbeams (2b) of the running gear (2), where U-shaped brackets (16a and 16b) are arranged, wherein pivot axes (17) of the brackets (15a and 15b or 16a and 16b) for reception of the bearings (11) of the links (12a and 12b) lie offset relative to one another by 90°.
    5. Individual running gear according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised thereby that a ball-race turntable finds use for formation of the fulcrum (D) of bogie to coach body.
    6. Individual running gear according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterised thereby that the torsion rod (7) used as coupling element is rotatably mounted in the coach body (1).
    7. Individual running gear according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterised thereby that the torsion rod (7) used as coupling element is mounted to be horizontally rotatable in the running gear frame (2) and the links (12a and 12b) are pivotably connected with the coach body (1).
    8. Individual running gear according to one of claims 2 and 4 to 7, characterised thereby that the bearings (10 and 11) of the links (6a and 6b) are used with a reaction-free characteristic.
    EP94118624A 1993-12-22 1994-11-26 Single running gear for rail vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0659626B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4344469 1993-12-22
    DE4344469A DE4344469C1 (en) 1993-12-22 1993-12-22 Individual bogie for rail vehicles

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0659626A1 EP0659626A1 (en) 1995-06-28
    EP0659626B1 true EP0659626B1 (en) 1998-01-21

    Family

    ID=6506212

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP94118624A Expired - Lifetime EP0659626B1 (en) 1993-12-22 1994-11-26 Single running gear for rail vehicles

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0659626B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE162480T1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ288124B6 (en)
    DE (2) DE4344469C1 (en)
    DK (1) DK0659626T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2114648T3 (en)
    PL (1) PL305840A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE19509515A1 (en) * 1994-03-19 1996-11-07 Josef Nusser Steering mechanism for the wheels of railway vehicles
    DE19507021C2 (en) * 1995-03-01 1999-12-16 Wax Ebeling Juergen Chassis for railway vehicles
    DE19513757C1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-05-30 Deutsche Bahn Ag Single wheel-set bogie for railway vehicles
    DE19617003C2 (en) * 1996-04-27 2002-08-01 Bombardier Transp Gmbh Rail vehicle with a single-axle drive
    DE19640332C1 (en) * 1996-09-19 1998-04-09 Inst Schienenfahrzeuge Chassis frame for rail vehicle chassis with integrated air spring

    Family Cites Families (13)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE829602C (en) * 1950-09-01 1952-01-28 Krauss Maffei Ag Trunnion guide on the bogie of rail vehicles
    DE1176693B (en) * 1957-02-16 1964-08-27 Boge Gmbh Stabilization device, especially for dampening the rolling movements of rail vehicles
    DE2841769A1 (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-04-03 Daimler Benz Ag Tilting suspension for rail guided vehicle - has angled struts on bogies causing carriage body to lean towards centre of curve
    DE82043T1 (en) * 1981-12-11 1984-04-12 Soule Fer Et Froid, 65200 Bagneres-De-Bigorre TWO STAGE HANGER OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE AXLE.
    DE3335861A1 (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-04-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Device for preventing pitching movements of vehicles
    CH665808A5 (en) * 1984-04-27 1988-06-15 Sig Schweiz Industrieges RAIL VEHICLE.
    DE3821610A1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-12-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag CONTROL DEVICE FOR STABILIZING A VEHICLE
    DE3907870A1 (en) * 1988-03-10 1989-09-28 Yazaki Corp Device for the stabilisation of a motor vehicle when running
    DE3821609A1 (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-12-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag CONTROL DEVICE FOR STABILIZING A VEHICLE
    DE3937674A1 (en) * 1988-11-25 1990-05-31 Volkswagen Ag Wheel suspension system for two-axle vehicle - uses movement of torsion rod against stop mechanism
    FR2649949B1 (en) * 1989-07-18 1992-04-24 Alsthom Gec ARTICULATED BOGIE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    DE3942654C2 (en) * 1989-12-22 1998-04-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Device for roll stabilization of a vehicle
    DE4110492A1 (en) * 1991-03-30 1992-10-01 Duewag Ag RAIL VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR LOW-FLOOR VEHICLE

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ATE162480T1 (en) 1998-02-15
    CZ326194A3 (en) 1995-07-12
    EP0659626A1 (en) 1995-06-28
    DE59405096D1 (en) 1998-02-26
    PL305840A1 (en) 1995-06-26
    DE4344469C1 (en) 1995-02-09
    CZ288124B6 (en) 2001-04-11
    ES2114648T3 (en) 1998-06-01
    DK0659626T3 (en) 1998-09-21

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