EP0652412B1 - Industrial furnace for the thermic treatment of a load in a treatment chamber - Google Patents
Industrial furnace for the thermic treatment of a load in a treatment chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0652412B1 EP0652412B1 EP94116783A EP94116783A EP0652412B1 EP 0652412 B1 EP0652412 B1 EP 0652412B1 EP 94116783 A EP94116783 A EP 94116783A EP 94116783 A EP94116783 A EP 94116783A EP 0652412 B1 EP0652412 B1 EP 0652412B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- industrial furnace
- heat treatment
- treatment chamber
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
- F27B17/0083—Chamber type furnaces with means for circulating the atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
Definitions
- the invention relates to an industrial furnace for the heat treatment of feedstock, the is arranged in a batch with flowable spaces in a heat treatment room, with a fan, which promotes a gas flow from an inflow channel to an outflow channel, wherein the inflow channel and the outflow channel essentially opposite one another laterally adjoin the heat treatment room and the inflow channel with Flow baffles is provided.
- the feed material is arranged in a batch with spaces through which it can flow. Due to a special design of the flow guidance, an even temperature should be achieved be achieved in the batch. With this construction, the use of reversible Current drives, d. H. Reversible flow fans or with complicated flap controls to reverse the direction of the fault be avoided. For uniform flow of the feed material are blow-out ducts or nozzle blow-out ducts or nozzles on both sides of the batch staggered.
- the object of the invention is accordingly an industrial furnace of the beginning to create the type mentioned, in which a structurally simple manner uniform temperature distribution within the batch is achieved.
- This object is achieved in that in the heat treatment room in the flow path before the batch at least two with evenly distributed passage openings provided rectification plates arranged one behind the other in the flow direction are.
- the flow hits evenly from a multitude of evenly distributed passage openings on the batch.
- a high level of uniformity in the flow distribution also means an even temperature distribution in the batch.
- the number of rectification plates is arbitrary. Trials have had good results achieved when using three rectification plates. Here is the relationship between Improve the uniformity of flow distribution and the inevitable The best way to increase the pressure drop.
- the arrangement of the through openings of the rectification plates as well as the respective open area are of the directional stabilizing structure of the batch and of the desired Flow rate dependent.
- the free passage area is under free space of the openings for the gas flow understood.
- the dimensioning can be done with the help of simulation programs.
- the rectification plates can for example designed as perforated perforated sheets, networks or as a mesh be. The use of perforated perforated sheets has proven to be particularly advantageous exposed.
- the solution according to the invention is structurally very simple and inexpensive.
- the heat treatment room is fluidically favorable with essentially smooth walls completed.
- By dispensing with flow impulses from nozzle systems can also with reduced z. B. at half fan speed, so at low flow rate achieves a uniform inflow of the feed material will.
- the industrial furnace is universally suitable for heating and cooling processes and guarantees the shortest dwell times and thus high efficiency.
- the rectification plates between the inflow duct and the heat treatment space are advantageous arranged.
- the rectification plates are preferably arranged at a distance from one another, which is so large that the flow after flowing through a rectification plate can each be equal.
- each rectification plate increases in the direction of flow, d. that is, the The free area of a rectifying plate is larger than that of an upstream one Rectification plate.
- An essential development of the invention is that in the outflow channel at least one rectification plate is arranged. This can result in unfavorable outflow conditions, e.g. B. in that the flow behind the batch in a vertical Discharge channel is collected or sucked in by a fan in the middle, be balanced.
- the passage area within the rectification plate can preferably change, such that the passage area from the area of the main flow to the Areas with lower flow increases.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through an industrial furnace.
- An input material is located in an industrial furnace 1 in a heat treatment room 2 3, for example plates, pipes or profiles.
- the insert 3 is in the Heat treatment room 2 to form a batch 4 with flowable spaces 5 arranged.
- a fan 6 promotes a gas flow into a side of the heat treatment room 2 adjacent inflow channel 7, which is provided with baffles 8.
- An outflow duct 9 is located opposite the inflow duct 7.
- a burner 10 heats the gas flow before it is conveyed into the inflow duct 7 by the fan 6 becomes.
- perforated rectification plates 11 Between the inflow duct 7 and the heat treatment room 2 are three perforated rectification plates 11, in the form of perforated perforated plates, at a distance in the direction of flow arranged one behind the other. The distance is so large that the flow after flowing through the passage openings 12 of each rectification plate 11 can equalize.
- each rectification plate 11 increases in the direction of flow, d. that is, the free passage area of the passage openings 12 for the gas flow is from Rectifier plate to rectifier plate larger.
- the outflow conditions are unfavorable. Therefore there is a rectification plate in the outflow channel 11 'arranged.
- the passage area within the rectification plate 11 changes such that the passage area starts from the area of the main flow increases towards the areas with less flow.
- the rectification plates 11 also as wire mesh, networks or mesh be trained.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Industrieofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Einsatzgut, das zu einer Charge mit durchströmbaren Zwischenräumen in einem Wärmebehandlungsraum angeordnet ist, mit einem Ventilator, der einen Gasstrom von einem Einströmkanal zu einem Ausströmkanal fördert, wobei der Einströmkanal und der Ausströmkanal im wesenlichen gegenüberliegend seitlich an den Wärmebehandlungsraum angrenzen und wobei der Einströmkanal mit Strömungsleitblechen versehen ist.The invention relates to an industrial furnace for the heat treatment of feedstock, the is arranged in a batch with flowable spaces in a heat treatment room, with a fan, which promotes a gas flow from an inflow channel to an outflow channel, wherein the inflow channel and the outflow channel essentially opposite one another laterally adjoin the heat treatment room and the inflow channel with Flow baffles is provided.
Ein derartiger Industrieofen ist aus EP B1 0283869 bekannt.Such an industrial furnace is known from EP B1 0283869.
Das Einsatzgut ist zu einer Charge mit durchströmbaren Zwischenräumen angeordnet. Durch eine besondere Gestaltung der Strömungsführung soll eine gleichmäßige Temperatur in der Charge erreicht werden. Mit dieser Konstruktion soll der Einsatz von reversierbaren Strömungsantrieben, d. h. Ventilatoren mit umkehrbarer Strömungsrichtung oder mit komplizierten Klappensteuerungen zur Umkehr der Störmungsrichtung vermieden werden. Zur gleichmäßigen Strömungsbeaufschlagung des Einsatzgutes sind zu beiden Seiten der Charge Ausblaskanäle oder Düsenausblaskanäle oder Düsen versetzt zueinander angeordnet.The feed material is arranged in a batch with spaces through which it can flow. Due to a special design of the flow guidance, an even temperature should be achieved be achieved in the batch. With this construction, the use of reversible Current drives, d. H. Reversible flow fans or with complicated flap controls to reverse the direction of the fault be avoided. For uniform flow of the feed material are blow-out ducts or nozzle blow-out ducts or nozzles on both sides of the batch staggered.
Der in der EP-B1 0283 869 beschriebenen Lösungsweg ist konstruktiv sehr aufwendig. Außerdem ist die Vergleichmäßigung der Temperatur in der Charge weiter zu verbessern, insbesondere in horinzontaler Richtung.The solution described in EP-B1 0283 869 is structurally very complex. In addition, the homogenization of the temperature in the batch must be further improved, especially in the horizontal direction.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demgemäß darin, einen Industrieofen der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem auf konstruktiv einfacher Art und Weise eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung innerhalb der Charge erreicht wird. The object of the invention is accordingly an industrial furnace of the beginning to create the type mentioned, in which a structurally simple manner uniform temperature distribution within the batch is achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß im Wärmebehandlungsraum im Strömungsweg vor der Charge mindestens zwei mit gleichmäßig verteilten Durchtrittsöffnungen versehene Gleichrichtplatten in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind.This object is achieved in that in the heat treatment room in the flow path before the batch at least two with evenly distributed passage openings provided rectification plates arranged one behind the other in the flow direction are.
Von den Gleichrichtplatten aus trifft die Strömung gleichmäßig aus einer Vielzahl von gleichmäßig verteilten Durchtrittsöffnungen auf die Charge. Eine hohe Gleichmäßigkeit in der Strömungsverteilung bedeutet zugleich auch eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung in der Charge.From the rectification plates, the flow hits evenly from a multitude of evenly distributed passage openings on the batch. A high level of uniformity in the flow distribution also means an even temperature distribution in the batch.
Beim Trocknen einer Bahn mittels eines Gasstromes ist es z.B. aus FR-A-2 337 863 bekannt, Gleichrichtplatten in Form von Lochblechen im Gasstrom zu dessenVergleichmäßigung parallel zu einer horizontalen Bahn anzuordnen. Eine seitliche Anordnung angrenzend an zu einer Charge mit durchströmbaren Zwischenräumen angeordnetem Stückgut findet sich nicht im Stand der Technik.When drying a web using a gas stream, it is e.g. out FR-A-2 337 863 known, rectification plates in the form of perforated plates in the Gas flow to equalize it parallel to a horizontal path to arrange. A side arrangement adjacent to a batch with flowable spaces arranged general cargo is not found in the prior art.
Die Anzahl der Gleichrichtplatten ist beliebig. Bei Versuchen wurden gute Ergebnisse bei der Verwendung von drei Gleichrichtplatten erzielt. Hier ist das Verhältnis zwischen Verbesserung der Vergleichmäßigung der Strömungsverteilung und der unvermeidliche Erhöhung des Druckverlustes am besten.The number of rectification plates is arbitrary. Trials have had good results achieved when using three rectification plates. Here is the relationship between Improve the uniformity of flow distribution and the inevitable The best way to increase the pressure drop.
Die Anordnung der Durchtrittsöffnungen der Gleichrichtplatten sowie die jeweilige Freifläche sind von dem richtungsstabilisierenden Aufbau der Charge und von der gewünschten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit abhängig. Unter Freifläche wird die freie Durchtrittsfläche der Durchtrittsöffnungen für den Gasstrom verstanden. Die Dimensionierung kann mit Hilfe von Simulationsprogrammen erfolgen. Die Gleichrichtplatten können beispielsweise als perforierte Lochbleche, Netzwerke oder als Maschengitter ausgebildet sein. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Verwendung von perforierten Lochblechen herausgestellt.The arrangement of the through openings of the rectification plates as well as the respective open area are of the directional stabilizing structure of the batch and of the desired Flow rate dependent. The free passage area is under free space of the openings for the gas flow understood. The dimensioning can be done with the help of simulation programs. The rectification plates can for example designed as perforated perforated sheets, networks or as a mesh be. The use of perforated perforated sheets has proven to be particularly advantageous exposed.
Der erfindungsgemäße Lösungsweg ist konstruktiv sehr einfach und kostengünstig. Der Wärmebehandlungsraum ist strömungstechnisch günstig mit im wesentlichen glatten Wänden abgeschlossen. Durch den Verzicht auf Strömungsimpulse aus Düsensystemen kann auch bei verringerter z. B. bei halber Ventilatordrehzahl, also bei geringer Strömungsleistung eine gleichmäßige Anströmung des Einsatzgutes erreicht werden. Der Industrieofen ist universell für Erwärmungs- und Kühlvorgänge geeignet und garantiert kürzeste Verweilzeiten und somit hohe Wirkungsgrade.The solution according to the invention is structurally very simple and inexpensive. The heat treatment room is fluidically favorable with essentially smooth walls completed. By dispensing with flow impulses from nozzle systems can also with reduced z. B. at half fan speed, so at low flow rate achieves a uniform inflow of the feed material will. The industrial furnace is universally suitable for heating and cooling processes and guarantees the shortest dwell times and thus high efficiency.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Gleichrichtplatten zwischen Einströmkanal und Wärmebehandlungsraum angeordnet.The rectification plates between the inflow duct and the heat treatment space are advantageous arranged.
Vorzugsweise sind die Gleichrichtplatten mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet, der so groß ist, daß sich die Strömung nach dem Durchströmen einer Gleichrichtplatte jeweils vergleichmäßigen kann. The rectification plates are preferably arranged at a distance from one another, which is so large that the flow after flowing through a rectification plate can each be equal.
Bei stark heterogenen Strömungsverhältnissen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Durchtrittsfläche jeder Gleichrichtplatten in Strömungsrichtung zunimmt, d. h., daß die Freifläche einer Gleichtrichtplatte jeweils größer ist als diejenige einer stromauf angeordneten Gleichrichtplatte.In the case of highly heterogeneous flow conditions, it is particularly advantageous if the Passage area of each rectification plate increases in the direction of flow, d. that is, the The free area of a rectifying plate is larger than that of an upstream one Rectification plate.
Eine wesentliche Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß im Abströmkanal mindestens eine Gleichrichtplatte angeordnet ist. Dadurch können ungünstige Abströmverhältnisse, z. B. dadurch, daß die Strömung hinter der Charge in einem senkrechten Abströmkanal gesammelt oder mittig von einem Ventilator angesogen wird, ausgeglichen werden.An essential development of the invention is that in the outflow channel at least one rectification plate is arranged. This can result in unfavorable outflow conditions, e.g. B. in that the flow behind the batch in a vertical Discharge channel is collected or sucked in by a fan in the middle, be balanced.
Vorzugsweise kann sich die Durchtrittsfläche innerhalb der Gleichrichtplatte ändern, derart, daß die Durchtrittsfläche vom Bereich der Hauptströmung ausgehend, zu den Bereichen mit geringerer Strömung hin zunimmt.The passage area within the rectification plate can preferably change, such that the passage area from the area of the main flow to the Areas with lower flow increases.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Industrieofens im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is described below on the basis of a preferred embodiment of the invention Industrial furnace explained in connection with the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in:
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen Industrieofen.The drawing shows in:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through an industrial furnace.
In einem Industrieofen 1 befindet sich in einem Wärmebehandlungsraum 2 ein Einsatzgut
3, beispielsweise Platten, Rohre oder Profile. Das Einsatzgut 3 ist in dem
Wärmebehandlungsraum 2 zu einer Charge 4 mit durchströmbaren Zwischenräumen 5
angeordnet. Ein Ventilator 6 fördert einen Gasstrom in einen seitlich an den Wärmebehandlungsraum
2 angrenzenden Einströmkanal 7, der mit Leitblechen 8 versehen ist.An input material is located in an industrial furnace 1 in a
Gegenüber dem Einströmkanal 7 befindet sich ein Ausströmkanal 9. Ein Brenner 10
beheizt den Gasstrom, bevor dieser vom Ventilator 6 in den Einströmkanal 7 gefördert
wird.An
Zwischen Einströmkanal 7 und Wärmebehandlungsraum 2 sind drei perforierte Gleichrichtplatten
11, in Form von perforierten Lochblechen, in Strömungsrichtung mit Abstand
hintereinander angeordnet. Der Abstand ist jeweils so groß, daß sich die Strömung
nach dem Durchströmen der Durchtrittsöffnungen 12 jeder Gleichrichtplatte 11
vergleichmäßigen kann. Between the inflow duct 7 and the
Die freie Durchtrittsfläche jeder Gleichrichtplatte 11 nimmt in Strömungsrichtung zu,
d. h., die freie Durchtrittsfläche der Durchtrittsöffnungen 12 für den Gasstrom wird von
Gleichrichtplatte zu Gleichrichtplatte größer.The free passage area of each
Da die Strömung hinter der Charge in einem senkrechten Abströmkanal gesammelt
wird, sind die Abströmverhältnisse ungünstig. Daher ist im Abströmkanal eine Gleichrichtplatte
11' angeordnet. Die Durchtrittsfläche innerhalb der Gleichrichtplatte 11 ändert
sich derart, daß die Durchtrittsfläche vom Bereich der Hauptströmung ausgehend
zu den Bereichen mit geringerer Strömung hin zunimmt.Because the flow behind the batch is collected in a vertical discharge channel
the outflow conditions are unfavorable. Therefore there is a rectification plate in the outflow channel
11 'arranged. The passage area within the
Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind ohne weiteres Abwandlungsmöglichkeiten gegeben. So
können die Gleichrichtplatten 11 auch als Drahtgitter, Netzwerke oder Maschengitter
ausgebildet sein.Within the scope of the invention, modification options are readily available. So
can the
Claims (6)
- Industrial furnace for the heat treatment of material (4) which is arranged to form a charge with spaces in between it (5) in a heat treatment chamber (2), with a fan (6) which moves a stream of gas from an inlet channel (7) to an outlet channel (9), wherein the inlet channel (7) and the outlet channel (9) are substantially opposite each other and are on either side of the heat treatment chamber (2) and wherein flow guide vanes (8) are provided in the inlet channel (7)
characterised in that
at least two flow straighteners (11) provided with evenly distributed openings (12) are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow in the heat treatment chamber (2) in the path of flow upstream of the charge (4). - Industrial furnace in accordance with claim 1
characterised in that
the flow straighteners (11 ) are arranged between the inlet channel (7) and the heat treatment chamber (2). - Industrial furnace according to claim 1 or 2
characterised in that
the flow straighteners (11) are arranged at a distance to each other which is large enough to ensure that the stream of gas can even out after passing through each flow straightener (11). - Industrial furnace according to any one of claims 1 through 3
characterised in that
the size of the holes in each flow straightener (11) increases in the direction of flow. - Industrial furnace according to any one of claims 1 through 4
characterised in that
at least one flow straightener (11') is arranged in the outlet channel (9). - Industrial furnace according to claim 5
characterised in that
the size of the hole in the flow straightener (11') changes such that the hole size increases from the main flow area to the low flow areas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4337533 | 1993-11-05 | ||
DE4337533A DE4337533A1 (en) | 1993-11-05 | 1993-11-05 | Industrial furnace for heat treatment of feed material, which is arranged in a batch in a heat treatment room |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0652412A1 EP0652412A1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
EP0652412B1 true EP0652412B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
Family
ID=6501710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94116783A Expired - Lifetime EP0652412B1 (en) | 1993-11-05 | 1994-10-25 | Industrial furnace for the thermic treatment of a load in a treatment chamber |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0652412B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE164444T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4337533A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009048797B3 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-03-03 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Heat treatment plant comprises a processing chamber and a circulating device for circulating hot gas in a heating circuit supplying heating or cooling gas to processing chamber, where flow channels are arranged into processing chamber |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE480276C (en) * | 1929-07-31 | Oswald Heller Dipl Ing | Drying system | |
CH152273A (en) * | 1931-01-15 | 1932-01-31 | Ringier & Co Verlagsanstalt Un | Device for evenly blowing out or sucking off a fluid along a certain distance. |
US3525164A (en) * | 1968-12-10 | 1970-08-25 | Wolverine Corp | Apparatus for gaseous treatment of moving webs |
CH499761A (en) * | 1969-05-09 | 1970-11-30 | Gautschi Electro Fours Sa | Heat treatment furnace |
FR2337863A1 (en) * | 1976-01-07 | 1977-08-05 | Bertin & Cie | Gas cushion supported strip treatment furnace - has perforated sheet in each plenum chamber to regulate gas flow |
SU1211571A1 (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1986-02-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4908 | Continuous convection heating furnace with lateral circulation of heat-transfer agent |
DE3536155A1 (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-04-16 | Schmetz Kg | Chamber furnace with gas circulation |
DE3710901A1 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-29 | Kramer Carl | DEVICE FOR FLOWING ON SURFACE-GOOD GOODS IN ARRANGEMENT WITH FLOW-ROWING SPACES |
DE3737254A1 (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-05-18 | Alusuisse | COOLING CHAMBER FOR CONVECTION COOLING OF SURFACE GOODS |
DE8915647U1 (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1990-12-13 | Reinbold, Heinz, Dipl.-Ing., 5200 Siegburg | Device for the treatment of monofilaments |
DE4238240A1 (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-19 | Guenter Lienemann Industrieofe | Annealing furnace for temporarily stacked material - has chicane device which can be raised or lowered into operating position and has temp. resistant surface covering inner chamber and linked to work table |
-
1993
- 1993-11-05 DE DE4337533A patent/DE4337533A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-10-25 AT AT94116783T patent/ATE164444T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-25 DE DE59405517T patent/DE59405517D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-25 EP EP94116783A patent/EP0652412B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59405517D1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
DE4337533A1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
ATE164444T1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
EP0652412A1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
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