EP0646677A2 - Matting for erosion protection and or drainage - Google Patents

Matting for erosion protection and or drainage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0646677A2
EP0646677A2 EP94114167A EP94114167A EP0646677A2 EP 0646677 A2 EP0646677 A2 EP 0646677A2 EP 94114167 A EP94114167 A EP 94114167A EP 94114167 A EP94114167 A EP 94114167A EP 0646677 A2 EP0646677 A2 EP 0646677A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seams
mat according
sewing
layers
claw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94114167A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0646677B1 (en
EP0646677A3 (en
Inventor
Paul Schreck
Wilfried Wunderatzke
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Acordis AG
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Akzo Nobel Faser AG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes, consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another.
  • a mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another.
  • Such mats are known several times. Such mats are described in DE-A-2150590, DE-A-2248911 or DE-A-2327618.
  • the individual layers are connected there by needling.
  • Erosion protection mats or hydraulic construction mats in which only a claw layer and a filter layer are provided, can only be connected to one another by needling with great additional effort.
  • connection strength between the layers to be connected can hardly be achieved.
  • needling is an inadequate connection technology. because either the connection strength is not sufficient, or the density of the fibers to be used for needling has to be chosen so tight that the required connection strength has to be reached that an impairment of the drainage effect has to be accepted.
  • connection of the individual layers is made by gluing and / or by welding.
  • This gluing or welding must be carried out selectively or section by section in order at least not to excessively restrict the filter effect of the filter layers, which is rendered ineffective in the connection area by filling the cavities with adhesive or melt.
  • the connection of filter layers with other layers is regularly very complex. This connection technique in turn restricts the selection of the layers to be connected to one another, because either these layers and the adhesive must be matched to one another, or the layers must be weldable to one another.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a mat of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages described above do not occur, at least to a large extent.
  • the mat should also be easy to manufacture.
  • a mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another, in that the connection of at least two Layers of sewing seams.
  • the claw or spacer layer preferably has at least one structured surface.
  • the claw or spacer layer consists of a water-permeable film which is deformed from the plane into a structured surface having mountains and valleys.
  • the claw or spacer layer consists of wires arranged in a random position and connected to one another at their crossing points.
  • claw or spacer layers are known for example under the trademark ENKAMAT, which are characterized in that they consist of wires with a diameter of 0.2 to 2 mm, which are welded together at their crossing points.
  • ENKAMAT ENKAMAT
  • These spacer layers have a surface in a mountain and valley structure on one or both sides, the mountain and valley structure being in the form of waves in one or two directions perpendicular to one another. In the case of waves arranged in two directions, such a surface appears to be structured like a waffle.
  • the structuring can also be formed by truncated cone-shaped or truncated pyramid-shaped mountain structures.
  • sewing seams are arranged parallel to one another.
  • This type of sewing seam arrangement is particularly suitable for drainage mats.
  • an arrangement of the sewing seams in the drainage direction of the drainage material has the advantage that the drainage performance is at least not significantly impaired by the seams. There is even the advantage of channeling the drainage of the drainage material by attaching particularly tight seams.
  • first group of seams is arranged in parallel, which is crossed by a second group of seams arranged in parallel.
  • This arrangement of the seams is particularly recommended when particularly high demands are placed on the connection strength.
  • care must be taken that the sewing seam only draws the filter material at least slightly into the spacer layer. It has proven particularly useful here if the two groups of sewing seams are arranged in such a way that they form a check pattern.
  • the sewing seams have a stitch length of 1 to 20 mm or if the sewing seams are produced by sewing at least one multifilament yarn.
  • the mat according to the invention is particularly characterized in that at least one filter layer is made of short fibers and / or continuous filaments is existing nonwoven. These filter layers have a particularly good retention capacity even of very fine particles.
  • the short fibers of the fleece lie very tightly around the seam material after the seams have been made, so that even at the puncture points of the sewing needle after the seam has been made, the short fiber fleece in the area of the material to be sewn practically no loss of the filtering effect compared to the places where no material penetrates the fleece , occurs.
  • nonwoven fabric a nonwoven fabric consisting of short fibers that have been consolidated by sewing has proven particularly useful for the mat according to the invention.
  • This type of consolidation of nonwovens has become known as the Mallimo technique.
  • the mat according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that the layers connected by a group of sewing seams have a total thickness of 4 to 70 mm, preferably 20 to 60 mm.
  • the sewing seams have loops protruding from at least one of the outer surfaces of the mat. This promotes the structuring of the mat surface (s), which significantly increases the coefficient of friction between the mat according to the invention and the surface on which the mat is placed or the bulk material which is filled onto the mat.
  • This coefficient of friction can also advantageously be increased in that the mat according to the invention is sewn in such a way that the filter layer in the area of the sewing seams is drawn into the valleys of the structured surface of the claw or drainage layer, so that the filter layer has a structured surface.
  • Sewing threads made of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile and aromatic polyamides or polyester are particularly suitable. They can consist of multifilament yarns that are twisted once or twice. Depending on the intended use, it is advisable to coat the multifilament yarns, the coating being selected so that the processability of the sewing threads is increased and / or the sealing between the filter layer and the material to be sewn is improved.
  • Short-fiber nonwovens, felts, spunbonded nonwovens or fabrics made from conventional materials such as polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile or glass have proven their worth.
  • the claw and / or the drainage layer can contain further reinforcement materials such as reinforcement grids, scrims, drawstrings.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

Matting for erosion protection and/or drainage, consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional prong and/or distance layer having a high empty volume, all layers being connected to one another, characterised in that the connection consists of at least two layers of stitched seams.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Matte für Erosionsschutz- und/oder Drainagezwecke, bestehend aus mindestens einer Filterschicht und mindestens einer dreidimensionalen, hohes Leervolumen aufweisenden Krall- und/oder Distanzschicht, wobei alle Schichten miteinander verbunden sind. Derartige Matten sind mehrfach bekannt. Beispielsweise sind derartige Matten in DE-A-2150590, DE-A-2248911 oder DE-A-2327618 beschrieben. Die Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten erfolgt dort über Vernadeln.The invention relates to a mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes, consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another. Such mats are known several times. Such mats are described in DE-A-2150590, DE-A-2248911 or DE-A-2327618. The individual layers are connected there by needling.

Beim Vernadeln werden in der Regel Fasern aus einer der zu vernadelnden Schichten herausgezogen und in einer der anderen Schichten verankert. Ein Vernadeln ist deshalb immer nur dann möglich, wenn mindestens eine der zu verbindenden Schichten Fasern aufweist, deren Länge zumindest der Gesamtdicke der zu vernadelnden Schichten entspricht. Da in der Regel die Filterschichten die zur Vernadelung erforderlichen Kurzfasern aufweisen, ist man in der Auswahl der einzusetzenden Filterschichten stark begrenzt. Vliese, die aus Endlosfilamenten bestehen, wobei die Endlosfilamente miteinander verklebt oder verschweißt sind, oder Kurzfaservliese, bei denen die Kurzfasern eine Länge aufweisen, die kleiner ist als die Dicke der zu vernadelnden Schicht, lassen sich praktisch nicht zum Vernadeln einsetzen.When needling, fibers are usually pulled out of one of the layers to be needled and anchored in one of the other layers. Needling is therefore only possible if at least one of the layers to be connected has fibers, the length of which corresponds at least to the total thickness of the layers to be needled. Since the filter layers usually have the short fibers required for needling, one is in the selection of filter layers to be used are severely limited. Nonwovens consisting of continuous filaments, the continuous filaments being glued or welded to one another, or short fiber nonwovens in which the short fibers have a length which is less than the thickness of the layer to be needled, can practically not be used for needling.

Erosionsschutzmatten oder Wasserbaumatten, bei denen lediglich eine Krallschicht und eine Filterschicht vorgesehen ist, lassen sich lediglich mit hohem zusätzlichen Aufwand durch Vernadeln miteinander verbinden.Erosion protection mats or hydraulic construction mats, in which only a claw layer and a filter layer are provided, can only be connected to one another by needling with great additional effort.

Bei Drainagematten oder kombinierten Krall- und Drainagematten ist ein Vernadeln umso schwieriger, je dicker die Gesamtdicke der zu vernadelnden Schichten ist, da dann kaum mehr noch die erforderliche Verbindungsfestigkeit zwischen den zu verbindenden Schichten erreicht werden kann. Insbesondere dann, wenn die Matten an steilen Böschungen, beispielsweise zur Auskleidung von Deponien eingesetzt werden sollen, und somit besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Verbindungsfestigkeit der zu verbindenden Schichten gestellt wird (Scherfestigkeit zwischen den zu verbindenden Schichten), stellt das Vernadeln eine unzulängliche Verbindungstechnik dar, weil entweder die Verbindungsfestigkeit nicht ausreicht, oder die Dichte der zur Vernadelung zu verwendenden Fasern zur Erreichung der erforderlichen Verbindungsfestigkeit so dicht gewählt werden muß, daß bereits eine Beeinträchtigung der Drainagewirkung in Kauf genommen werden muß.With drainage mats or combined claw and drainage mats, needling is all the more difficult the thicker the total thickness of the layers to be needled, since then the required connection strength between the layers to be connected can hardly be achieved. In particular, if the mats are to be used on steep slopes, for example to line landfills, and thus particularly high demands are made on the connection strength of the layers to be connected (shear strength between the layers to be connected), needling is an inadequate connection technology. because either the connection strength is not sufficient, or the density of the fibers to be used for needling has to be chosen so tight that the required connection strength has to be reached that an impairment of the drainage effect has to be accepted.

Bei anderen Matten für Erosionsschutz und/oder für Drainagezwecke wird die Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten über Verkleben und/oder über Verschweißen hergestellt. Dieses Verkleben bzw. Verschweißen muß punktuell oder sektionsweise erfolgen, um die Filterwirkung der Filterschichten, die im Verbindungsbereich durch Befüllen der Hohlräume durch Kleber oder Schmelze außer Kraft gesetzt ist, wenigstens nicht übermäßig einzuschränken. Insofern ist die Verbindung von Filterschichten mit anderen Schichten regelmäßig sehr aufwendig. Diese Verbindungstechnik schränkt wiederum die Auswahl der miteinander zu verbindenden Schichten ein, weil entweder diese Schichten und der Kleber aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen, oder die Schichten miteinander verschweißbar sein müssen.With other mats for erosion protection and / or for drainage purposes, the connection of the individual layers is made by gluing and / or by welding. This gluing or welding must be carried out selectively or section by section in order at least not to excessively restrict the filter effect of the filter layers, which is rendered ineffective in the connection area by filling the cavities with adhesive or melt. In this respect, the connection of filter layers with other layers is regularly very complex. This connection technique in turn restricts the selection of the layers to be connected to one another, because either these layers and the adhesive must be matched to one another, or the layers must be weldable to one another.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine Matte der eingangs genannten Art zu Verfügung zu stellen, bei welcher die oben beschriebenen Nachteile zumindest weitgehend nicht auftreten. Die Matte soll außerdem ohne großen Aufwand herstellbar sein.The object of the present invention is now to provide a mat of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages described above do not occur, at least to a large extent. The mat should also be easy to manufacture.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Matte für Erosionsschutz- und/oder Drainagezwecke, bestehend aus mindestens einer Filterschicht und mindestens einer dreidimensionalen, hohes Leervolumen aufweisenden Krall- und/oder Distanzschicht, wobei alle Schichten miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gelöst, daß die Verbindung mindestens zweier Schichten aus Nähnähten besteht. Es ist überraschend, daß eine vernähte Matte bisher weder hergestellt noch beschrieben wurde, obwohl Matten der eingangs genannten Art in vielfältiger Form angeboten und beschrieben werden. Die Verbindungsfestigkeit läßt sich beispielsweise durch entsprechende Auswahl des Nähmaterials deutlich genauer vorherbestimmen als durch die bisher bekannt gewordenen Verbindungstechniken. Ebenfalls ist es überraschend, daß durch das Durchstechen der Nähnadel beim Herstellen der Nähnähte zumindest keine nennenswerte - Reduzierung der Rückhaltewirkung der Filterschicht auftritt. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Hatte weist die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht bevorzugt mindestens eine strukturierte Oberfläche auf. Insbesondere besteht die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht aus einer aus der Ebene zu einer strukturierten, Berge und Täler aufweisenden Oberfläche verformten, wasserdurchlässigen Folie.This object is achieved according to the invention in a mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes, consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another, in that the connection of at least two Layers of sewing seams. It is surprising that a stitched mat has so far not been produced or described, although mats of the type mentioned are offered and described in a variety of forms. The connection strength can be For example, predetermine much more precisely by appropriate selection of the sewing material than by the joining techniques that have become known so far. It is also surprising that the piercing of the sewing needle during the production of the sewing seams results in at least no significant reduction in the retention effect of the filter layer. In the case of the hat according to the invention, the claw or spacer layer preferably has at least one structured surface. In particular, the claw or spacer layer consists of a water-permeable film which is deformed from the plane into a structured surface having mountains and valleys.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht aus in Wirrlage angeordneten, an ihren Kreuzungsstellen miteinander verbundenen Drähten besteht. Derartige Krall- oder Distanzschichten sind beispielsweise unter dem Warenzeichen ENKAMAT bekannt geworden, welche sich dadurch auszeichnen, daß sie aus Drähten mit einem Durchmesser von 0,2 bis 2 mm bestehen, die an ihren Kreuzungsstellen miteinander verschweißt sind. Diese Distanzschichten weisen ein- oder beidseitig eine Oberfläche in Berg- und Talstruktur auf, wobei die Berg- und Talstruktur in einer oder in zwei senkrecht zueinander angeordneten Richtungen in Form von Wellen vorliegt. Bei in zwei Richtungen angeordneten Wellen erscheint eine solche Oberfläche als waffelförmig strukturiert. Die Strukturierung kann auch durch kegelstumpfförmige oder pyramidenstumpfförmige Bergstrukturen gebildet sein.It is particularly advantageous if the claw or spacer layer consists of wires arranged in a random position and connected to one another at their crossing points. Such claw or spacer layers are known for example under the trademark ENKAMAT, which are characterized in that they consist of wires with a diameter of 0.2 to 2 mm, which are welded together at their crossing points. These spacer layers have a surface in a mountain and valley structure on one or both sides, the mountain and valley structure being in the form of waves in one or two directions perpendicular to one another. In the case of waves arranged in two directions, such a surface appears to be structured like a waffle. The structuring can also be formed by truncated cone-shaped or truncated pyramid-shaped mountain structures.

Zur Herstellung der Nähnähte empfiehlt es sich besonders, Nähnadeln mit stumpfer Spitze zu verwenden, die beim Auftreffen auf die Drähte der Krall- oder Distanzschicht leicht ausweichen, sodaß die Drähte der Krall- oder Distanzschicht nicht durchstoßen werden.For the production of the sewing seams, it is particularly recommended to use sewing needles with a blunt tip, which when hitting the wires of the claw or spacer layer dodge slightly so that the wires of the claw or spacer layer are not pierced.

Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Nähnähte parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Insbesondere bei Drainagematten bietet sich diese Art von Nähnahtanordnung an. Insbesondere eine Anordnung der Nähnähte in Abflußrichtung des Drainagegutes weist den Vorteil auf, daß die Drainageleistung durch die Nähte zumindest nicht nennenswert behindert wird. Es besteht sogar der Vorteil, durch Anbringen von besonders strammen Nähnähten die Abführung des Drainagegutes zu kanalisieren.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the sewing seams are arranged parallel to one another. This type of sewing seam arrangement is particularly suitable for drainage mats. In particular, an arrangement of the sewing seams in the drainage direction of the drainage material has the advantage that the drainage performance is at least not significantly impaired by the seams. There is even the advantage of channeling the drainage of the drainage material by attaching particularly tight seams.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich, wenn eine erste Gruppe von Nähnähten parallel angeordnet ist, die von einer zweiten Gruppe von parallel angeordneten Nähnähten gekreuzt wird. Diese Anordnung der Nähnähte empfiehlt sich insbesondere dann, wenn an die Verbindungsfestigkeit besonders hohe Anforderungen gestellt werden. Allerdings ist bei Drainagematten darauf zu achten, daß die Nähnaht das Filtermaterial zumindest nur geringfügig in die Distanzschicht hineinzieht. Hierbei hat es sich besonders bewährt wenn die beiden Gruppen von Nähnähten derart angeordnet sind, daß sie ein Karomuster bilden.Further advantages result if a first group of seams is arranged in parallel, which is crossed by a second group of seams arranged in parallel. This arrangement of the seams is particularly recommended when particularly high demands are placed on the connection strength. However, with drainage mats, care must be taken that the sewing seam only draws the filter material at least slightly into the spacer layer. It has proven particularly useful here if the two groups of sewing seams are arranged in such a way that they form a check pattern.

Es hat sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Matte als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Nähnähte eine Stichlänge von 1 bis 20 mm aufweisen bzw. wenn die Nähnähte durch Vernähen von mindestens einem Multifilamentgarn hergestellt sind.It has turned out to be particularly advantageous in the mat according to the invention if the sewing seams have a stitch length of 1 to 20 mm or if the sewing seams are produced by sewing at least one multifilament yarn.

Besonders zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Matte dadurch aus, daß mindestens eine Filterschicht ein aus Kurzfasern und/oder Endlosfilamenten bestehendes Vlies ist. Diese Filterschichten weisen eine besonders gute Rükhaltefähigkeit auch von sehr feinen Teilchen auf. Die Kurzfasern des Vlieses legen sich nach Herstellung der Nähte sehr dicht um das Nahtgut, sodaß auch an den Einstichstellen der Nähnadel nach Herstellen der Nähnaht auch im Bereich des Nähgutes durch das Kurzfaservlies praktisch kein Verlust der Filtrierwirkung gegenüber den Stellen, wo kein Nähgut das Vlies durchdringt, auftritt.The mat according to the invention is particularly characterized in that at least one filter layer is made of short fibers and / or continuous filaments is existing nonwoven. These filter layers have a particularly good retention capacity even of very fine particles. The short fibers of the fleece lie very tightly around the seam material after the seams have been made, so that even at the puncture points of the sewing needle after the seam has been made, the short fiber fleece in the area of the material to be sewn practically no loss of the filtering effect compared to the places where no material penetrates the fleece , occurs.

Bei dieser Art von Vliesen hat sich für die erfindungsgemäße Matte ein Vlies besonders bewährt, welches aus Kurzfasern besteht, die durch Vernähen verfestigt wurden. Diese Art der Verfestigung von Vliesen ist unter der Bezeichnung Mallimo-Technik bekannt geworden.In this type of nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric consisting of short fibers that have been consolidated by sewing has proven particularly useful for the mat according to the invention. This type of consolidation of nonwovens has become known as the Mallimo technique.

Die erfindungsgemäße Matte zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, daß die über eine Gruppe von Nähnähten verbundenen Schichten eine Gesamtdicke von 4 bis 70 mm, bevorzugt von 20 bis 60 mm aufweisen.The mat according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that the layers connected by a group of sewing seams have a total thickness of 4 to 70 mm, preferably 20 to 60 mm.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn bei der erfindungsgemäßen Matte die Nähnähte aus mindestens einer der äußeren Oberflächen der Matte herausragende Schlingen aufweisen. Hierdurch wird die Strukturierung der Mattenoberfläche(n) gefördert, wodurch der Reibwert zwischen der erfindungsgemäßen Matte und dem Untergrund, auf den die Matte gelegt wird, oder dem Schüttgut, welches auf die Matte verfüllt wird, deutlich erhöht. Dieser Reibwert kann auch günstigerweise dadurch erhöht werden, daß die erfindungsgemäße Matte derart vernäht ist, daß die Filterschicht im Bereich der Nähnähte in die Täler der strukturierten Oberfläche der Krall- bzw. Drainageschicht hineingezogen ist, sodaß die Filterschicht eine strukturierte Oberfläche aufweist.It is particularly advantageous if, in the mat according to the invention, the sewing seams have loops protruding from at least one of the outer surfaces of the mat. This promotes the structuring of the mat surface (s), which significantly increases the coefficient of friction between the mat according to the invention and the surface on which the mat is placed or the bulk material which is filled onto the mat. This coefficient of friction can also advantageously be increased in that the mat according to the invention is sewn in such a way that the filter layer in the area of the sewing seams is drawn into the valleys of the structured surface of the claw or drainage layer, so that the filter layer has a structured surface.

Als Nähnahtmaterialien kommen praktisch alle gängigen Materialien in Frage. Insbesondere eignen sich Nähfäden aus Polyester, Polyamid, Polypropylen, Polyäther, Polyäthylen, Polyätherimid, Polyacrylnitril sowie aromatische Polyamide oder Polyester. Sie können aus Multifilamentgarnen bestehen, die ein- oder zweifach gezwirnt sind. Je nach Einsatzzweck empfiehlt es sich, die Multifilamentgarne zu beschichten, wobei die Beschichtung so auszuwählen ist, daß die Verarbeitbarkeit der Nähfäden erhöht und/oder die Abdichtung zwischen Filterschicht und Nähgut verbessert wird.Practically all common materials can be used as sewing materials. Sewing threads made of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile and aromatic polyamides or polyester are particularly suitable. They can consist of multifilament yarns that are twisted once or twice. Depending on the intended use, it is advisable to coat the multifilament yarns, the coating being selected so that the processability of the sewing threads is increased and / or the sealing between the filter layer and the material to be sewn is improved.

Als Filterschicht eignen sich praktisch alle Filtermaterialien. Kurzfaservliese, Filze, Spinnvliese oder Gewebe aus üblichen Materialien wie Polyester, Polyamid, Polypropylen, Polyäther, Polyäthylen, Polyätherimid, Polyacrylnitril oder Glas haben sich bestens bewährt.Practically all filter materials are suitable as a filter layer. Short-fiber nonwovens, felts, spunbonded nonwovens or fabrics made from conventional materials such as polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether, polyethylene, polyetherimide, polyacrylonitrile or glass have proven their worth.

Beim Herstellen der Nähte ist es ohne weiteres möglich, an der Oberfläche Verstärkungsbänder, -kordeln, -korde oder ähnliche Verstärkungsmaterialien mit anzunähen, um die Zugfestigkeit und/oder die Oberflächenrauhigkeit der äußeren Filterschichten zu erhöhen. Ebenso kann die Krall- und/oder die Drainageschicht weitere Verstärkungsmaterialien wie beispielsweise Verstärkungsgitter, Gelege, Zugbänder enthalten.When producing the seams, it is readily possible to sew reinforcement tapes, cords, cords or similar reinforcement materials onto the surface in order to increase the tensile strength and / or the surface roughness of the outer filter layers. Likewise, the claw and / or the drainage layer can contain further reinforcement materials such as reinforcement grids, scrims, drawstrings.

Claims (15)

Matte für Erosionsschutz- und/oder Drainagezwecke, bestehend aus mindestens einer Filterschicht und mindestens einer dreidimensionalen, hohes Leervolumen aufweisenden Krall- und/oder Distanzschicht, wobei alle Schichten miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung mindestens zweier Schichten aus Nähnähten besteht.Mat for erosion protection and / or drainage purposes, consisting of at least one filter layer and at least one three-dimensional, high empty volume claw and / or spacer layer, all layers being connected to one another, characterized in that the connection of at least two layers consists of seams. Matte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht mindestens eine strukturierte Oberfläche aufweist.Mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the claw or spacer layer has at least one structured surface. Matte nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht aus einer aus der Ebene zu einer strukturierten, Berge und Täler aufweisenden Oberfläche verformten, wasserdurchlässigen Folie besteht.Mat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the claw or spacer layer consists of a water-permeable film which is deformed from the plane into a structured surface having mountains and valleys. Matte nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krall- bzw. Distanzschicht aus in Wirrlage angeordneten, an ihren Kreuzungsstellen miteinander verbundenen Drähten besteht.Mat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the claw or spacer layer consists of wires arranged in a random position and connected to one another at their crossing points. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nähnähte parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sewing seams are arranged parallel to one another. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Gruppe von Nähnähten parallel angeordnet ist, die von einer zweiten Gruppe von parallel angeordneten Nähnähten gekreuzt wird.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a first group of seams is arranged in parallel, which is crossed by a second group of seams arranged in parallel. Matte nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Gruppen von Nähnähten derart angeordnet sind, daß sie ein Karomuster bilden.Mat according to claim 6, characterized in that the two groups of sewing seams are arranged in such a way that they form a check pattern. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nähnähte eine Stichlänge von 1 bis 20 mm aufweisen.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sewing seams have a stitch length of 1 to 20 mm. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nähnähte durch Vernähen von mindestens einem Multifilamentgarn hergestellt sind.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sewing seams are produced by sewing at least one multifilament yarn. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Filterschicht ein aus Kurzfasern und/oder Endlosfilamenten bestehendes Vlies ist.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one filter layer is a fleece consisting of short fibers and / or continuous filaments. Matte nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Filterschicht aus Kurzfasern besteht, die durch Vernähen verfestigt wurden.Mat according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one filter layer consists of short fibers which have been solidified by sewing. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die über eine Gruppe von Nähnähten verbundenen Schichten eine Gesamtdicke von 4 bis 70 mm aufweisen.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the layers connected by a group of seams have a total thickness of 4 to 70 mm. Matte nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die über eine Gruppe von Nähnähten verbundenen Schichten eine Gesamtdicke von 20 bis 60 mm aufweisen.Mat according to claim 12, characterized in that the layers connected by a group of seams have a total thickness of 20 to 60 mm. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nähnähte aus mindestens einer der äußeren Oberflächen der Matte herausragende Schlingen aufweisen.Mat according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sewing seams have loops protruding from at least one of the outer surfaces of the mat. Matte nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 2 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie derart vernäht ist, daß die Filterschicht im Bereich der Nähnähte in die Täler der strukturierten Oberfläche der Krall- bzw. Drainageschicht hineingezogen ist, sodaß die Filterschicht eine strukturierte Oberfläche aufweist.Mat according to one or more of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that it is sewn in such a way that the filter layer in the area of the seams is drawn into the valleys of the structured surface of the claw or drainage layer, so that the filter layer has a structured surface.
EP94114167A 1993-09-13 1994-09-08 Matting for erosion protection and or drainage Expired - Lifetime EP0646677B1 (en)

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DE4330880 1993-09-13
DE4330880 1993-09-13

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US7625827B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2009-12-01 Basf Construction Chemicals, Llc Exterior finishing system and building wall containing a corrosion-resistant enhanced thickness fabric and method of constructing same
US7786026B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2010-08-31 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics America, Inc. Enhanced thickness fabric and method of making same
DE102006047678A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Claudia Katrin Wilcke Erosion protection mattress for river bed below e.g. bridge, has upper layer with rough three dimensional structure such as wire of non-plastic filaments, where mattress is divided into longitudinal compartments

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DE3105882C2 (en) 1981-02-18 1990-07-05 Joachim 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen De Unger

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ATE234392T1 (en) 2003-03-15
DE59410254D1 (en) 2003-04-17
DE4431976B4 (en) 2005-10-13
DE4431976A1 (en) 1995-03-16
EP0646677B1 (en) 2003-03-12
EP0646677A3 (en) 1995-08-02

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