EP0644024B1 - Process and device for making cellular-concrete elements - Google Patents

Process and device for making cellular-concrete elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0644024B1
EP0644024B1 EP94114110A EP94114110A EP0644024B1 EP 0644024 B1 EP0644024 B1 EP 0644024B1 EP 94114110 A EP94114110 A EP 94114110A EP 94114110 A EP94114110 A EP 94114110A EP 0644024 B1 EP0644024 B1 EP 0644024B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moulding box
jolting
process according
mixture
mass
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EP94114110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0644024A1 (en
Inventor
Franz Xaver Greisel
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GREISEL-BAUSTOFF-GmbH
Greisel-Baustoff GmbH
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GREISEL-BAUSTOFF-GmbH
Greisel-Baustoff GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of gas concrete bodies in the preambles of claims 1 and 9 mentioned art.
  • Such methods and devices are generally known and can, for example, the German patent specifications DE-A-29 23 626 or DE-A-29 26 379 can be found. There too explains that after soaking and partially curing the further processing steps of the mass in the molding box e.g. may consist in that in Molding box located semi-solid block after one turn formed around its longitudinal axis by 90 °, in the desired Gas concrete elements cut and then in an autoclave under pressure at temperatures of about 180 ° C about 15 Steam-hardened for hours.
  • the cutting process can either be carried out that ultimately gas concrete "stones" are formed, which on the Construction site to be put together to a masonry.
  • plates can also be made from the partially hardened block can be cut out, possibly with reinforcement elements are reinforced, which before pouring the mass coming from the mixing device into the molding box were used in these.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a device for carrying it out to improve the type mentioned so that the for above-mentioned relevant parameters target values can be achieved with greater reliability.
  • the invention provides the Claims 1 and 11 summarized process steps or characteristics.
  • a particularly easy way to do the vibrations to put on the molding box is to be against his Floor in the area of one of the floor longitudinal edges at two in Direction of this longitudinal edge spaced locations to press plates connected to unbalance motors, which the vibrations generated by the balancing motors on the molding box transfer.
  • the vibrating frequencies are preferably in the range of 10 Hz to 50 Hz, the higher frequencies being favorable, the higher the target bulk density.
  • a particularly high saving in aluminum powder can be achieved in the production of aerated concrete based on lime, in which the sludge is 37% to 43% sand by weight, 8% to 12% return goods, 10% to 16% lime, 3% to 5% cement and comprises 30% to 37% water. These muds can then Depending on the desired bulk density, about 0.06% to 0.15% aluminum powder be added.
  • the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous Proven method in the manufacture of gas concrete bodies those to increase their tensile strength with reinforcements, for example are made of structural steel. These reinforcements before pouring the gas concrete mixture into the molding box inserted in this and positioned there so that they were enclosed by the poured mass as it rose be and in the partially hardened gas concrete body are in their desired end position. In the casting process the problem arises without a shaking process the so-called trailing shadow. Underneath is the fact understood that the density and thus the compressive strength of the finished gas concrete element seen in the climbing direction often significantly lower behind the reinforcement elements than in the other areas of the gas concrete body in question is. It is clear that this diminished significantly Rigidity and resilience of this gas concrete body leads.
  • the molding box 1 shows a cuboid shaped box 1 open at the top, as it is used for the production of gas concrete.
  • the molding box is double-walled in such a way that its inner and outer walls connected by webs Enclose cavities through which a coolant, for example Water can be pumped.
  • Such a molding box is used to manufacture gas concrete about a third of its volume with an aqueous one Sludges from sand, lime, cement and other aggregates filled the aluminum powder just before pouring into the molding box as a blowing agent or blowing agent is.
  • the molding box 1 Immediately after filling, the molding box 1 is in the brought position shown in Fig. 1 on the hall floor 2, in which he with his one longitudinal edge 4 over two in Direction of this longitudinal edge spaced from each other Openings 6 is located in the hall floor 2.
  • the molding box 1 remains at least as it is long until the shortly after adding the aluminum powder rising process is completed, during which the mass in the molding box 1 its volume so strong enlarges that with its upper surface approximately the height of the upper edge of the molding box is reached or even slightly exceeds.
  • each of the openings 6 there is under each of the openings 6 a shaft 8 in which a Vibrator arrangement 10 is housed.
  • This vibrator assembly 10 includes one on the shaft bottom a hinge 11 supported and substantially vertical arranged hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 12, the upwardly projecting piston rod 14 via a joint 15 carries a box-shaped housing 17, with the hall floor 2 roughly aligned top with a plate 18 made of hard elastic material, for example hard rubber is occupied.
  • an unbalance motor 20 arranged in its Frequency and amplitude of variable vibrations on the housing 17 transmits.
  • the top of the housing 17 which is occupied by the plate 18 can be pressed with the aid of the cylinder 12 against the bottom of a molding box 1 positioned above the opening 6, so that the vibrations generated by the unbalance motor 20 are transmitted to the molding box 1.
  • a molding box with a usable volume of 4.5 m 3 and a total weight of 12,000 kg (with cooling water and filled gas-concrete mixture), a pressing force of 10,000 N has proven to be favorable for each of the two vibrator arrangements 10. At this force, the molding box 1 is not yet lifted off the hall floor 2, but the contact with the plates 18 is so good that the vibrations generated by the unbalance motors 20 are well transmitted to the molding box and the gas concrete mass contained in it.
  • the molding box 1 is a few seconds after pouring the gas concrete mixture in the position shown in Fig. 1 brought, so the two cylinders 12 of the vibrating assemblies 10 actuated and the housing 17 from below in the area of one longitudinal edge 4 to the bottom of the molding box 1 pressed, and the unbalance motors 12 in motion set.
  • different vibration frequencies selected. So have yourself a frequency for gas concrete with a bulk density of 0.4 of 13.5 Hz, with a bulk density of 0.5 a vibration frequency of 28 Hz and a vibration frequency for a bulk density of 0.6 of 32.5 Hz proved to be favorable.
  • the shaking process is like this long continued until the mass rising in the molding box 1 a height of about 10 cm below the upper edge of the molding box has reached. Then the unbalance motors 20 are switched off and the molding box 1 is left in place until the Climbing process is completely finished.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

A process for making cellular-concrete elements on a lime base comprises inter alia the steps: producing a milk-of-lime from sand, lime, cement, other additives and water, addition of aluminium powder as gas-forming agent, pouring the mixture thus obtained into a moulding box (1), allowing the mass situated in the moulding box to rise and partially set, which mass is then supplied to further processing steps. In order to achieve the desired properties of the end product with greater reliability, vibrating oscillations are applied, after the mixture has been poured into the moulding box, to the box as a whole from underneath on one side in the region of one of its bottom longitudinal edges (4) and ended at the latest when the mass has essentially finished its rising process. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gasbetonkörpern der in den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 und 9 genannten Art.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of gas concrete bodies in the preambles of claims 1 and 9 mentioned art.

Solche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen sind allgemein bekannt und können beispielsweise den deutschen Patentschriften DE-A-29 23 626 oder DE-A-29 26 379 entnommen werden. Dort wird auch erläutert, daß nach dem Steigen- und Teilaushärtenlassen der im Formkasten befindlichen Masse die weiteren Verarbeitungsschritte z.B. darin bestehen können, daß der im Formkasten befindliche halbfeste Block nach einer Drehung um seine Längsachse um 90° ausgeformt, in die gewünschten Gasbetonelemente zerschnitten und dann in einem Autoklaven unter Überdruck bei Temperaturen von etwa 180°C etwa 15 Stunden lang dampfgehärtet wird. Such methods and devices are generally known and can, for example, the German patent specifications DE-A-29 23 626 or DE-A-29 26 379 can be found. There too explains that after soaking and partially curing the further processing steps of the mass in the molding box e.g. may consist in that in Molding box located semi-solid block after one turn formed around its longitudinal axis by 90 °, in the desired Gas concrete elements cut and then in an autoclave under pressure at temperatures of about 180 ° C about 15 Steam-hardened for hours.

Der Zerschneidevorgang kann entweder so ausgeführt werden, daß letztendlich Gasbeton-"Steine" entstehen, die an der Baustelle zu einem Mauerwerk zusammengefügt werden. Alternativ hierzu können aus dem teilgehärteten Block auch Platten herausgeschnitten werden, die unter Umständen mit Armierungselementen bewehrt sind, welche vor dem Eingießen der aus der Mischvorrichtung kommenden Masse in den Formkasten in diesen eingesetzt wurden.The cutting process can either be carried out that ultimately gas concrete "stones" are formed, which on the Construction site to be put together to a masonry. Alternatively For this purpose, plates can also be made from the partially hardened block can be cut out, possibly with reinforcement elements are reinforced, which before pouring the mass coming from the mixing device into the molding box were used in these.

Auch ist es denkbar, die Formkästen so zu gestalten, daß die in ihnen entstehenden Blöcke weitestgehend die Form des angestrebten Fertigproduktes besitzen und nach dem Ausformen nur noch beschnitten aber nicht mehr in kleinere Elemente zerschnitten werden müssen.It is also conceivable to design the mold boxes so that the the blocks in them largely form the shape of the possess the desired finished product and after molding only trimmed but no longer in smaller ones Elements need to be cut.

Diese bekannten Verfahren erfordern bei ihrer Durchführung ein sehr hohes Maß an Know-how, wobei das Grundproblem darin besteht, daß aus natürlichen Ausgangsstoffen wie Sand, Kalk und Wasser, die in ihrer Zusammensetzung und Beschaffenheit und damit auch in ihren für die Gasbetonherstellung wesentlichen Eigenschaften innerhalb weiter Grenzen variieren können, ein industriell verwendbares Produkt hergestellt werden soll, dessen für seinen Einsatz relevante Eigenschaften wie Homogenität insbesondere hinsichtlich der Porengröße, Freiheit von Luft- bzw. Gasblasen und Lunkern, Druckfestigkeit, Dichte usw. nur innerhalb sehr enger Toleranzgrenzen variieren dürfen.These known methods require that they be carried out a very high level of expertise, with the basic problem in it consists of natural raw materials such as sand, lime and water, in their composition and nature and thus also in those essential for the production of gas concrete Properties can vary within wide limits, an industrially usable product can be manufactured its properties relevant to its use such as homogeneity especially with regard to pore size, Freedom from air or gas bubbles and cavities, pressure resistance, Density etc. only within very narrow tolerance limits may vary.

Somit liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß die für die oben genannten relevanten Parameter angestrebten Werte mit höherer Zuverlässigkeit erreicht werden. The invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a device for carrying it out to improve the type mentioned so that the for above-mentioned relevant parameters target values can be achieved with greater reliability.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung die in den Ansprüchen 1 und 11 zusammengefaßten Verfahrensschritte bzw. Merkmale vor.To achieve this object, the invention provides the Claims 1 and 11 summarized process steps or characteristics.

Zwar ist es aus der Herstellung von Gebäudestrukturen oder Fertigbauteilen aus Schwerbeton bekannt, nach dem Eingießen der Betonmischung in die Schalung mit Hilfe von Tauchrüttlern, die in die in der Schalung befindliche und noch "flüssige" Masse eingetaucht werden Rüttelschwingungen einzusetzen, um dadurch eine Homogenisierung der Mischung zu erzielen, daß eventuell vorhandene Luftblasen möglichst ausgetrieben werden und die Gefahr einer Lunkerbildung vermindert wird. Hauptzweck dieser Maßnahme ist es dabei, eine möglichst große Verdichtung zu erreichen.Although it is from the manufacture of building structures or Precast components made of heavy concrete known after pouring the concrete mix in the formwork using immersion vibrators, which is in the formwork and still "liquid" Mass immersed to use vibrations, to thereby homogenize the mixture achieve that any existing air bubbles as possible be expelled and the risk of void formation reduced becomes. The main purpose of this measure is to: to achieve the greatest possible compression.

Gerade dies ist aber ein Effekt, der Rüttelschwingungen bei der Herstellung von Gasbeton zunächst als äußerst unzweckmäßig erscheinen läßt. Dort werden je nach Verwendungszweck der gerade in Produktion befindlichen Gasbetonelemente Rohdichten von beispielsweise 0,4, 0,5, 0,6, 0,7 oder 0,8 angestrebt, die möglichst exakt erreicht werden sollen. Gesteuert wird dies im wesentlichen durch den prozentualen Anteil des zugesetzten Treib- oder Blähmittels, beispielsweise des Aluminiumpulvers, von dem um so mehr beigemischt wird, je kleiner die gewollte Rohdichte ist. Dabei kommt es aber immer wieder zu der Erscheinung, daß der Treib- und Steigvorgang entweder überhaupt nicht in dem erforderlichen Ausmaß stattfindet oder daß der "Kuchen" im Formkasten kurz bevor oder nachdem er seine volle Steighöhe erreicht hat, plötzlich wieder in sich zusammensackt. Es ist klar, daß dies zu einer Dichte führt, die wesentlich größer als gewollt und zudem ungleichmäßig verteilt ist, so daß die gesamte im Formkasten befindliche Masse verworfen werden muß und allenfalls noch einer Verwertung als Zuschlagstoff für eine neu anzusetzende Mischung zugeführt werden kann.However, this is an effect that causes vibrations the production of gas concrete was initially extremely inappropriate lets appear. Depending on the intended use, there will be the straight Gas concrete elements in production raw densities for example 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 or 0.8, that should be achieved as precisely as possible. Is controlled this is essentially due to the percentage of added Blowing agent or blowing agent, for example of aluminum powder, of which the more is added, the smaller is the desired bulk density. But it always happens again to the phenomenon that the driving and climbing process either does not take place to the extent necessary or that the "cake" in the mold box just before or after he has reached his full climbing height, suddenly collapses again. It is clear that this becomes a Density leads, which is much larger than wanted and also is distributed unevenly, so that the entire in the molding box existing mass must be discarded and at most Another utilization as an additive for a new one Mixture can be supplied.

Wegen der bekannten Verdichtungswirkung von Rüttelschwingungen bei der Herstellung von Schwerbeton war zu befürchten, daß die eben geschilderten ungünstigen und kostenerhöhenden Erscheinungen durch den Einsatz von Rüttelschwingungen bei der Herstellung von Gasbeton verstärkt werden und mit größerer Häufigkeit auftreten könnten. Überraschenderweise hat sich in der Praxis ergeben, daß Rüttelschwingungen, die nicht mit Tauchrüttlern direkt in die Masse selbst sondern gemäß der Erfindung indirekt über den Formkasten eingebracht werden, dazu führen, daß die angestrebte Dichte und damit auch Druckfestigkeit mit größerer Zuverlässigkeit erreicht wird, wobei sich eine besonders gleichförmige Homogenität des fertigen Produktes ergibt.Because of the known compression effect of vibrations in the production of heavy concrete, there was fear that the unfavorable and cost-increasing ones just described Apparitions caused by the use of vibrations the manufacture of gas concrete are reinforced and with larger Frequency could occur. Surprisingly, has in practice show that vibrations that are not with Dip vibrators directly into the mass itself but according to the Invention are introduced indirectly via the molding box, lead to the desired density and thus also compressive strength is achieved with greater reliability, whereby a particularly uniform homogeneity of the finished Product results.

Dies wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Rüttelschwingungen auf den Formkasten einseitig von unten her so aufgebracht werden, daß eine Kombination und Überlagerung sowohl von horizontalen als auch vertikalen Schwingungsamplituden in der Masse entsteht.This is due to the fact that the vibrations be applied to the molding box on one side from below, that a combination and overlay of both horizontal as well as vertical vibration amplitudes in the mass arises.

Besonders überraschend ist dabei, daß zur Erzielung eines bestimmten Dichtewertes 5 % bis 10 % weniger Aluminiumpulver zugegeben werden müssen, als dies ohne die Durchführung des Rüttelvorganges der Fall ist. Da das Aluminiumpulver vergleichsweise teuer ist, führt dies zu einer deutlichen Kostenverminderung.It is particularly surprising that in order to achieve a specific density value 5% to 10% less aluminum powder must be admitted than this without performing the Shaking is the case. Because the aluminum powder is comparatively expensive, this leads to a significant cost reduction.

Ein weiterer überraschender Effekt ist, daß es in Verbindung mit dem Rüttelvorgang möglich ist, Gasbeton-Ausgangsmischungen mit einer höheren Viskosität zuverlässig zum Treiben zu bringen, als dies bisher möglich war. Damit lassen sich Endprodukte mit größerer Zuverlässigkeit herstellen, die eine höhere Rohdichte besitzen. Another surprising effect is that it is linked is possible with the vibrating process, gas concrete starting mixes with a higher viscosity to drive reliably bring than was previously possible. This allows end products manufacture with greater reliability, the one have higher bulk density.

Als äußerste zeitliche Obergrenze, bis zu der der Rüttelvorgang beibehalten werden kann, ohne daß die Gefahr nachteiliger Effekte wie z.B. der Rückverdichtung des aufgegangenen "Kuchens" steigt, hat sich ein Zeitpunkt herausgestellt, der bei angestrebten niederen Rohdichten einige Sekunden vor der Beendigung des Treibvorganges liegt, bei höheren Rohdichten aber nur etwa bei der Hälfte bis einem Drittel der Zeit liegt, die der im Formkasten steigende "Kuchen" benötigt, um seine Endhöhe zu erreichen.As the maximum time limit up to which the shaking process can be maintained without the risk of disadvantage Effects such as the densification of the risen "Cake" is rising, a time has emerged some at the desired low bulk densities Seconds before the end of the driving process higher bulk densities but only about half to one It is a third of the time that it takes for the mold box to rise "Cake" needed to reach its final height.

Eine besonders einfache Möglichkeit, die Rüttelschwingungen auf den Formkasten aufzubringen, besteht darin, gegen seinen Boden im Bereich einer der Boden-Längskanten an zwei in Richtung dieser Längskante voneinander beabstandeten Stellen mit Unwuchtmotoren verbundene Platten anzudrücken, die die von den Umwuchtmotoren erzeugten Schwingungen auf den Formkasten übertragen.A particularly easy way to do the vibrations to put on the molding box is to be against his Floor in the area of one of the floor longitudinal edges at two in Direction of this longitudinal edge spaced locations to press plates connected to unbalance motors, which the vibrations generated by the balancing motors on the molding box transfer.

Vorzugsweise liegen die Rüttelfrequenzen im Bereich von 10 Hz bis 50 Hz, wobei um so höhere Frequenzen günstig sind, je höher die angestrebte Rohdichte ist.The vibrating frequencies are preferably in the range of 10 Hz to 50 Hz, the higher frequencies being favorable, the higher the target bulk density.

Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, bereits während des Eingießens der mit Treibmittel versetzten Mischung in den Formkasten mit den Rüttelschwingungen zu beginnen. Im allgemeinen ist es aber wünschenswert, einen gerade befüllten Formkasten möglichst rasch aus dem Bereich der Einfüllvorrichtung herauszubewegen, damit der nächste zu befüllende Formkasten unter die Eingießvorrichtung hineinbewegt werden kann. Das Herausbewegen eines befüllten Formkastens benötigt einige Sekunden und es hat sich gezeigt, daß es günstig ist, etwa 5 bis 15 Sekunden nach Beendigung des Eingießvorganges mit dem Rüttelvorgang zu beginnen. Basically, it is possible already while pouring the mixture containing the blowing agent in the molding box to start with the vibrations. Generally is but it is desirable to have a mold box that has just been filled to move quickly out of the area of the filling device, the next mold box to be filled under the pouring device can be moved into it. Moving out a filled mold box takes a few seconds and it has been found to be cheap, about 5 to 15 Seconds after the pouring process is completed with the shaking process to start.

Eine besonders hohe Einsparung an Aluminiumpulver läßt sich bei der Herstellung von Gasbeton auf Kalkbasis erzielen, bei dem die Schlämme in Gewichtsprozent 37 % bis 43 % Sand, 8 % bis 12 % Rückgut, 10 % bis 16 % Kalk, 3 % bis 5 % Zement und 30 % bis 37 % Wasser umfaßt. Dieser Schlämme können dann je nach gewünschter Rohdichte etwa 0,06 % bis 0,15 % Aluminiumpulver zugesetzt werden.A particularly high saving in aluminum powder can be achieved in the production of aerated concrete based on lime, in which the sludge is 37% to 43% sand by weight, 8% to 12% return goods, 10% to 16% lime, 3% to 5% cement and comprises 30% to 37% water. These muds can then Depending on the desired bulk density, about 0.06% to 0.15% aluminum powder be added.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei der Herstellung von Gasbetonkörpern erwiesen, die zur Erhöhung ihrer Zugfestigkeit mit Armierungen beispielsweise aus Baustahl versehen sind. Diese Armierungen werden vor dem Eingießen der Gasbetonmischung in den Formkasten in diesen eingesetzt und dort so positioniert, daß sie beim Steigen der eingegossenen Masse von dieser umschlossen werden und sich in dem teilgehärteten Gasbetonkörper in ihrer gewünschten Endlage befinden. Bei den Gießverfahren ohne Rüttelvorgang ergibt sich dabei das Problem der sogenannten Treibschatten. Darunter wird die Tatsache verstanden, daß die Dichte und damit auch die Druckfestigkeit des fertigen Gasbetonelementes in Steigrichtung gesehen hinter den Armierungselementen häufig deutlich niedriger als in den übrigen Bereichen des betreffenden Gasbetonkörpers ist. Es ist klar, daß dies zu einer deutlich verminderten Steifigkeit und Belastbarkeit dieser Gasbetonkörper führt. Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß die eben beschriebene Treibschattenbildung durch den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Rüttelvorgang erheblich vermindert werden kann, so daß sich insbesondere auch bei Gasbetonkörpern, die mit Armierungselementen versehen sind, eine erheblich verbesserte Homogenität der Druckfestigkeit und damit eine höhere Belastbarkeit der so hergestellten Gasbeton-Bauelemente erzielen läßt. The invention has proven to be particularly advantageous Proven method in the manufacture of gas concrete bodies those to increase their tensile strength with reinforcements, for example are made of structural steel. These reinforcements before pouring the gas concrete mixture into the molding box inserted in this and positioned there so that they were enclosed by the poured mass as it rose be and in the partially hardened gas concrete body are in their desired end position. In the casting process the problem arises without a shaking process the so-called trailing shadow. Underneath is the fact understood that the density and thus the compressive strength of the finished gas concrete element seen in the climbing direction often significantly lower behind the reinforcement elements than in the other areas of the gas concrete body in question is. It is clear that this diminished significantly Rigidity and resilience of this gas concrete body leads. It has now been shown that the drift shadow formation just described by the shaking process provided according to the invention can be significantly reduced, so that especially with gas concrete bodies with reinforcing elements are provided, a significantly improved homogeneity the compressive strength and thus a higher resilience of the aerated concrete components thus produced leaves.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beschrieben; in dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Formkasten zur Herstellung von Gasbeton, der auf einem Hallenboden über zwei erfindungsgemäßen Rüttleranordnungen abgesetzt ist, und
Fig. 2
in stark vergrößertem Maßstab einen Schnitt durch den Hallenboden aus Fig. 1 mit einer der beiden dort befindlichen Rüttleranordnungen.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing; in this show:
Fig. 1
a molding box for the production of gas concrete, which is deposited on a hall floor via two vibrator arrangements according to the invention, and
Fig. 2
in a greatly enlarged scale a section through the hall floor from FIG. 1 with one of the two vibrator arrangements located there.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen oben offenen, quaderförmigen Formkasten 1, wie er zur Herstellung von Gasbeton verwendet wird. Der Formkasten ist in der Weise doppelwanding ausgeführt, daß seine durch Stege miteinander verbundenen Innen- und Außenwände Hohlräume umschließen, durch die ein Kühlmittel, beispielsweise Wasser gepumpt werden kann.1 shows a cuboid shaped box 1 open at the top, as it is used for the production of gas concrete. The molding box is double-walled in such a way that its inner and outer walls connected by webs Enclose cavities through which a coolant, for example Water can be pumped.

Zur Herstellung von Gasbeton wird ein solcher Formkasten etwa zu einem Drittel seines Volumens mit einer wässrigen Schlämme aus Sand, Kalk, Zement und weiteren Zuschlagstoffen gefüllt, der kurz vor dem Eingießen in den Formkasten Aluminiumpulver als Treib- bzw. Blähmittel zugemischt worden ist.Such a molding box is used to manufacture gas concrete about a third of its volume with an aqueous one Sludges from sand, lime, cement and other aggregates filled the aluminum powder just before pouring into the molding box as a blowing agent or blowing agent is.

Unmittelbar nach dem Füllen wird der Formkasten 1 in die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Position auf dem Hallenboden 2 gebracht, in der er sich mit seiner einen Längskante 4 über zwei in Richtung dieser Längskante voneinander im Abstand angeordneten Öffnungen 6 im Hallenboden 2 befindet. Immediately after filling, the molding box 1 is in the brought position shown in Fig. 1 on the hall floor 2, in which he with his one longitudinal edge 4 over two in Direction of this longitudinal edge spaced from each other Openings 6 is located in the hall floor 2.

In dieser Stellung bleibt der Formkasten 1 zumindest so lange, bis der kurz nach der Zugabe des Aluminiumpulvers einsetzende Steigprozeß beendet ist, während dessen die im Formkasten 1 befindliche Masse ihr Volumen so stark vergrößert, daß sie mit ihrer oberen Oberfläche in etwa die Höhe der Formkasten-Oberkante erreicht oder sogar geringfügig übersteigt.In this position, the molding box 1 remains at least as it is long until the shortly after adding the aluminum powder rising process is completed, during which the mass in the molding box 1 its volume so strong enlarges that with its upper surface approximately the height of the upper edge of the molding box is reached or even slightly exceeds.

Wie man insbesondere der Fig. 2 entnimmt, befindet sich unter jeder der Öffnungen 6 ein Schacht 8, in dem eine Rüttleranordnung 10 untergebracht ist.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, there is under each of the openings 6 a shaft 8 in which a Vibrator arrangement 10 is housed.

Diese Rüttleranordnung 10 umfaßt einen am Schachtboden über ein Gelenk 11 abgestützten und im wesentlichen senkrecht angeordneten hydraulischen bzw. pneumatischen Zylinder 12, dessen nach oben ragende Kolbenstange 14 über ein Gelenk 15 ein kastenförmiges Gehäuse 17 trägt, dessen mit dem Hallenboden 2 in etwa fluchtende Oberseite mit einer Platte 18 aus hartelastischem Material, beispielsweise Hartgummi belegt ist.This vibrator assembly 10 includes one on the shaft bottom a hinge 11 supported and substantially vertical arranged hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 12, the upwardly projecting piston rod 14 via a joint 15 carries a box-shaped housing 17, with the hall floor 2 roughly aligned top with a plate 18 made of hard elastic material, for example hard rubber is occupied.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses ist, wie in Fig. 2 schematisch angedeutet, ein Unwuchtmotor 20 angeordnet, der seine in Frequenz und Amplitude variablen Schwingungen auf das Gehäuse 17 überträgt.In the interior of the housing, as indicated schematically in FIG. 2, an unbalance motor 20 arranged in its Frequency and amplitude of variable vibrations on the housing 17 transmits.

Die mit der Platte 18 belegte Oberseite des Gehäuses 17 kann mit Hilfe des Zylinders 12 gegen den Boden eines über der Öffnung 6 positionierten Formkastens 1 angedrückt werden, so daß die vom Unwuchtmotor 20 erzeugten Schwingungen auf den Formkasten 1 übertragen werden. Bei einem Formkasten mit einem nutzbaren Volumen von 4,5 m3 und einem Gesamtgewicht von 12.000 kg (mit Kühlwasser und eingefüllter Gasbetonmischung) hat sich eine Andruckkraft von 10.000 N für jede der beiden Rüttleranordnungen 10 als günstig erwiesen. Bei dieser Kraft wird der Formkasten 1 noch nicht vom Hallenboden 2 abgehoben aber der Kontakt mit den Platten 18 ist so gut, daß die von den Unwuchtmotoren 20 erzeugten Schwingungen gut auf den Formkasten und die in ihm befindliche Gasbetonmasse übertragen werden.The top of the housing 17 which is occupied by the plate 18 can be pressed with the aid of the cylinder 12 against the bottom of a molding box 1 positioned above the opening 6, so that the vibrations generated by the unbalance motor 20 are transmitted to the molding box 1. With a molding box with a usable volume of 4.5 m 3 and a total weight of 12,000 kg (with cooling water and filled gas-concrete mixture), a pressing force of 10,000 N has proven to be favorable for each of the two vibrator arrangements 10. At this force, the molding box 1 is not yet lifted off the hall floor 2, but the contact with the plates 18 is so good that the vibrations generated by the unbalance motors 20 are well transmitted to the molding box and the gas concrete mass contained in it.

Ist der Formkasten 1 einige Sekunden nach dem Eingießen der Gasbetonmischung in die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Position gebracht, so werden die beiden Zylinder 12 der Rüttelanordnungen 10 betätigt und die Gehäuse 17 von unten her im Bereich der einen Längskante 4 an den Boden des Formkastens 1 angepreßt, und die Unwuchtmotoren 12 in Bewegung gesetzt. Je nach Dichte des zu erzeugenden Gasbetons werden dabei unterschiedliche Rüttelfrequenzen gewählt. So haben sich für einen Gasbeton mit einer Rohdichte von 0,4 eine Frequenz von 13,5 Hz, mit einer Rohdichte von 0,5 eine Rüttelfrequenz von 28 Hz und für eine Rohdichte von 0,6 eine Rüttelfrequenz von 32,5 Hz als günstig erwiesen. Der Rüttelvorgang wird so lange fortgesetzt, bis die im Formkasten 1 aufsteigende Masse eine Höhe von etwa 10 cm unterhalb des oberen Formkastenrandes erreicht hat. Dann werden die Unwuchtmotoren 20 abgeschaltet und der Formkasten 1 ruhig an seinem Platz gelassen, bis der Steigvorgang völlig beendet ist.The molding box 1 is a few seconds after pouring the gas concrete mixture in the position shown in Fig. 1 brought, so the two cylinders 12 of the vibrating assemblies 10 actuated and the housing 17 from below in the area of one longitudinal edge 4 to the bottom of the molding box 1 pressed, and the unbalance motors 12 in motion set. Depending on the density of the gas concrete to be produced different vibration frequencies selected. So have yourself a frequency for gas concrete with a bulk density of 0.4 of 13.5 Hz, with a bulk density of 0.5 a vibration frequency of 28 Hz and a vibration frequency for a bulk density of 0.6 of 32.5 Hz proved to be favorable. The shaking process is like this long continued until the mass rising in the molding box 1 a height of about 10 cm below the upper edge of the molding box has reached. Then the unbalance motors 20 are switched off and the molding box 1 is left in place until the Climbing process is completely finished.

Claims (10)

  1. A process for the production of lime-based aerated concrete bodies which includes the following steps:
    producing a slurry from sand, lime, cement, further additives and water,
    adding aluminium powder as a propellant,
    pouring the resulting mixture into a moulding box, and
    allowing the mass in the moulding box to rise and partially harden, the mass then being passed to further processing steps,
       characterised in that after the mixture is poured into the moulding box (1) jolting vibrations are applied to the moulding box as a whole at one end from below in the region of one of its bottom longitudinal edges (4) and are concluded at the latest when the mass has substantially concluded its rising phase.
  2. A process according to claim 1 characterised in that the jolting operation is concluded a few seconds before conclusion of the rising phase.
  3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the jolting vibrations are applied to the moulding box (1) by a respective jolting arrangement (10) which includes an out-of-balance motor (20) being pressed against each of two spaced-apart locations in the region of its one bottom longitudinal edge (4).
  4. A process according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the jolting frequencies are in the range of 10 Hz to 50 Hz.
  5. A process according to claim 4 characterised in that the jolting frequency used is increased in proportion to an increased desired density of the finished aerated concrete body.
  6. A process according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the jolting operation is begun about five to fifteen seconds after the mixture is poured into the moulding box (1).
  7. A process according to claim 6 characterised in that the slurry includes the following constituents in percent by weight:
    sand 37% to 43%,
    retro material 8% to 12%,
    lime 10% to 16%,
    cement 3% to 5%, and
    water 30% to 37%
    and about 0.06% to 0.15% aluminium powder is added to said slurry.
  8. A process according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that reinforcing elements for the finished aerated concrete body are introduced into the moulding box (1) before the mixture is poured in.
  9. Apparatus which for carrying out the process according to one or more of the preceding claims includes the following components:
    a mixing device for producing the slurry and for adding the aluminium powder, and
    a pouring device for pouring the resulting mixture into moulding boxes (1),
       and which is characterised in that it further includes at least one time-controllable jolting arrangement (10) for applying jolting vibrations to the moulding box (1) containing the rising mixture, wherein the jolting arrangement is arranged at one side in the region of a bottom longitudinal edge (4) of the moulding box.
  10. Apparatus according to claim 9 characterised in that it includes at least one pressing device, by means of which a plate (18) mechanically connected to an out-of-balance motor (20) can be pressed against the underside of the moulding box (1).
EP94114110A 1993-09-08 1994-09-08 Process and device for making cellular-concrete elements Expired - Lifetime EP0644024B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4330443 1993-09-08
DE4330443 1993-09-08

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EP0644024B1 true EP0644024B1 (en) 1998-07-29

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EP (1) EP0644024B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE168922T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59406542D1 (en)

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US6676862B2 (en) 1999-09-15 2004-01-13 Advanced Building Systems, Inc. Method for forming lightweight concrete block

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2750535C1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-06-29 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова» Method for producing cellular concrete products

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SU1152780A1 (en) * 1984-03-29 1985-04-30 Центральный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Типового И Экспериментального Проектирования Жилища Apparatus for compacting concrete mixes
SU1294607A1 (en) * 1985-03-01 1987-03-07 Калининский политехнический институт Method for controlling process of structure formation in vibropercussive making of cellular-concrete mix and device for effecting same
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JPH0637337B2 (en) * 1988-10-07 1994-05-18 住友金属鉱山株式会社 ALC manufacturing method
DE4239447C1 (en) * 1992-11-24 1994-03-03 Hugo Bittlmayer Method and device for compacting concrete by shaking

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US6676862B2 (en) 1999-09-15 2004-01-13 Advanced Building Systems, Inc. Method for forming lightweight concrete block
US7942658B1 (en) 1999-09-15 2011-05-17 Advanced Building Systems, Inc. Systems for forming lightweight concrete block

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DE59406542D1 (en) 1998-09-03
ATE168922T1 (en) 1998-08-15

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