EP0630462B1 - Combustion apparatus using solid or solid/liquid fuels - Google Patents

Combustion apparatus using solid or solid/liquid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0630462B1
EP0630462B1 EP93920558A EP93920558A EP0630462B1 EP 0630462 B1 EP0630462 B1 EP 0630462B1 EP 93920558 A EP93920558 A EP 93920558A EP 93920558 A EP93920558 A EP 93920558A EP 0630462 B1 EP0630462 B1 EP 0630462B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
combustion apparatus
grate
flat bars
assembly
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EP93920558A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0630462A1 (en
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Humbert Marin Olmotti
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/06—Provision for vertical adjustment of grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H5/00—Double grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion apparatus using solid or solid / liquid fuels.
  • This device can be made so as to constitute a heat generator and / or an incinerator, capable of operating by combustion or burning of solid materials (wood, coals, coke, sawdust, various scraps such as used tires, industrial waste or household, medical waste, etc.) and / or liquid materials (oils of various origins, etc.).
  • heaters capable of operating by the combustion of solid and / or liquid fuels (FR-A-2,603,686).
  • the hearth of these devices comprises a set of superimposed grids constituted by spaced bars, of circular section or the like.
  • the grids constituted by spaced bars of circular or polygonal cross section do not retain sufficiently fine fuels (coal dust, etc.) or liquids, so that one is led to increase the number of superimposed grids to overcome this drawback , without succeeding in eliminating it completely. As a result, a certain amount of fuel is not burned or is incompletely consumed.
  • a first object of the present invention is in particular to remedy this drawback.
  • a tubular body closed at its upper part and delimiting a central cavity constituting, at the same time, a solid fuel tank and a distillation chamber, the lower part of this body comprising a plurality of outlet orifices, distributed over its periphery, for the passage of gases from the distillation.
  • a shutter wall is mounted with a vertical sliding ability against the perforated lateral surface of the interior body, so as to regulate the volume of gases leaving the distillation chamber.
  • such a device makes it possible to intervene only in a limited way on the temperature of the apparatuses due to the fact that the height of the combustibles in ignition state remains constant, during operation.
  • this drawback is greatly mitigated by the fact that the set of grids is mounted with the ability to move vertically, which allows the height of the products in good condition to be adjusted. ignition or height of fire and, therefore, an adjustment of the temperature of the devices.
  • the obturating wall is replaced by a perforated grid or belt secured to the set of grids in its vertical movements, so that any elevation of said set reducing the height of the ignition zone or height of fire leads to a reduction in the volume of gases from distillation, and vice versa.
  • Figure 1 is a front view, in schematic and in vertical section of the combustion device according to the invention, the movable assembly is shown in its lowest position.
  • Figure 2 is a half-section view similar to Figure 1, partially broken away, showing the movable part of the device in the high position.
  • Figure 3 is a side view, schematic and in vertical section of this device.
  • Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a detail view, in perspective, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the device for adjusting the inclination of the flat bars of the grids and of the system for controlling the vertical movements of the set of grids and of the various members supported by these last.
  • Figure 8 is a partial perspective view of the double wall dispenser aerator.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the ash drawers of the appliance.
  • the apparatus comprises an outer casing or body 1 having a rectangular cross section according to the example illustrated, but which could also have a square, circular or other section and executed, for example, in sheet metal d '' refractory or cast iron.
  • a set of grids 2 comprising at least two superimposed grids 2a, 2b.
  • an ash recovery device 3 is installed comprising, for example, two drawers or ashtrays 3a, 3b placed side by side.
  • an inner tubular body 4 of smaller dimensions, for example made of refractory steel and having a quadrangular, circular or other.
  • this body comprises an upper part and a lower part of parallelepiped shape connected to one another by an intermediate troncopyramidal part.
  • the inner body 4 can be provided with a plurality of orifices 4b regularly spaced and distributed over its entire lateral surface, said lower part preferably comprising several levels or stages of spaced orifices 4b, for example arranged in staggered rows or otherwise.
  • the central cavity 4c delimited by the internal body 4 constitutes, at the same time, a solid fuel tank and a distillation chamber, while its perforated lower part 4a forms a gas burner resulting from the distillation of said fuels.
  • An aerator 5 constituted by an annular sheath of rectangular section and comprising an internal wall 5a provided with air distribution orifices, is disposed around and at a distance from the perforated lower part 4a of the internal body 4.
  • An annular space 6 is located thus formed between the perforated lower part 4a of the body 4 and the internal wall 5a of the aerator 5, this space 6 constituting the combustion chamber of the distillation gases.
  • the envelope or external body 1 is provided with a smoke outlet orifice 7 capable of being connected, in any known manner, to a smoke duct.
  • the outer body 1 is closed by a cover plate 8 fixed by screwing or otherwise on said body. Under this plate 8 which can be made of cast iron, is fixed, for example by screwing, the upper end of the inner body 4.
  • the cover plate 8 In its central part, the cover plate 8, has a loading opening closed by a pivoting cover 9 itself provided in its central part with an air inlet opening 10 closed by a sliding hatch 11.
  • the cover 9 allows the introduction of solid fuels into the appliance, while the sliding hatch 11 allows an adjustable air inlet which promotes the combustion of certain fuels which are difficult to burn, such as certain varieties of coal, peat, etc.
  • the hatch 11 also allows the passage of the inlet duct or ducts for various liquid fuel products, when the appliance is not permanently fitted, with an inlet for liquid fuel at its upper part.
  • the bars 2c of at least two superimposed grids 2a and 2b of the set of grids 2 are constituted by inclined blades or flaps or by bars capable of being able to be inclined.
  • the flat bars 2c of the upper grid 2a advantageously have an inverse inclination to that of the flat bars 2c of the lower grid 2b, and / or a position offset with respect to that of the latter.
  • the lower part of the inclined flat bars 2c 'of the upper grid 2a is arranged above the upper part of the inclined flat bars 2c "of the lower grid 2b. In this way, the liquids which are not completely burnt or volatilized when they come into contact with the upper flat bars 2c ', slide on the latter and fall on the lower flat bars 2c "in contact with which their calcination or evaporation ends.
  • the apparatus comprises means allowing an adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c of at least one of the grids 2a, 2b and, preferably, an adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c " of the lower grid 2b of the set of grids 2.
  • the blades or flaps 2c constituting the flat bars of the lower grid 2b are provided, laterally and at their upper part, with pivot axes 2d engaged in bearings 2e which may consist of simple notches made in the upper edge of two opposite sides 2f of a 2g frame supporting all the flat bars of the grid.
  • the means for adjusting the inclination of the blades or shutters 2c “comprise a rod 12 movable longitudinally and arranged perpendicular to said blades or shutters, along the base of one of the sides 2f of the frame 2g and outside this last.
  • This rod 12 is rigidly secured to a rack-and-pinion operating handle 13 accessible outside the casing 1 and making it possible to move said rod axially.
  • the latter is provided with spaced rods 14 preferably oriented vertically and rigidly integral with said rod, the spacing of these rods corresponding to the spacing of the flaps 2c ".
  • the upper end of each rod 14 is connected, by means of a connecting rod 15, with a hinge pin 16 which are provided with the blades or flaps 2c "at the base of their end arranged near the rod 12.
  • the side 2f of the frame 2g disposed near the rod 12 includes lights or an opening 17 allowing the axes 16 to move. It is understood that the adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c "is obtained by pushing or pulling the handle 13. According to the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the pushing movement makes it possible to reduce the inclination of the flat bars, while the pulling movement makes it possible to increase this inclination by bringing it closer to the vertical.
  • the flat bars 2c of the upper grid 2a are rigidly fixed to the frame or belt of the latter, so that said bars have an invariable degree of inclination, for example of the order of 45 degrees.
  • the upper grid 2a could also be arranged to allow an adjustment of the inclination of its flat bars, for example by means of a device of the type which has been previously described for adjusting the inclination of the flat bars. of the lower grid 2b.
  • the set of grids 2 may also include one or more grids provided with ordinary bars and disposed (s) above the pair of grids 2a, 2b with inclined flat bars.
  • the set of superimposed grids 2 is mounted with an aptitude for vertical movement and this set is subject to means allowing this movement and the immobilization of said set at different possible heights.
  • These means comprise, for example, two similar devices arranged on two opposite sides of the set of grids 2 and each comprising a pair of racks 18 arranged vertically, opposite, and rigidly secured to one of the sides 2h of the lower grid 2b.
  • These racks are engaged with a pair of toothed wheels or pinions 19 meshing with each other, one of these pinions being integral in rotation with a button or operating handle 19a disposed outside of the enclosure 1 of the device. It is understood that by turning this operating handle, the pinions 19 are rotated in opposite directions, these pinions communicating a vertical movement with the racks 18 with which they are engaged and, consequently, a movement identical to the assembly of grids 2 integral with these racks.
  • the shafts 19b on which the pinions 19 are wedged, are carried by a vertical plate 21 fixedly disposed between the set of grids 2 and the outer casing 1.
  • the set of grids 2 comes to a stop as soon as the force on the operating handle ceases to be exerted .
  • a stop device known per se can be provided to immobilize the operating handle and, consequently, the set of grids 2 in the desired position.
  • Vertical slides for example constituted by angles 22 ensure the guiding of the set of grids 2, during its vertical movements.
  • annular grid 20 for distributing the gases from the distillation, is arranged around the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and this grid is mounted with a vertical sliding ability against the external surface of this lower part.
  • This distribution grid 20 is constituted by a belt plate provided with orifices, and it rests on the upper grid 2a of the movable grid assembly 2, on which it can be fixed in any suitable manner, preferably in a removable manner .
  • the orifices 23 of the distribution grid 20 are regularly distributed over the entire lateral surface of the latter which thus comprises several levels or stages spaced from orifices staggered or otherwise arranged.
  • These stepped orifices have, for example, a circular shape and a diameter of the order of 5 to 10 mm; they are separated by an interval of the order of 5 to 10 mm. They constitute a plurality of elementary burners distributed around the base of the distillation chamber 4c.
  • the aerator 5 is arranged both around and at a distance from the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and around and at a distance from the distribution grid 20, and this aerator 5 is integral with the 'set of grids 2 in its vertical movements.
  • the sheath 5 constituting the aerator can rest on the set of grids 2 or be fixed, in any suitable manner, on the upper grid 2a of this set, preferably removably.
  • the annular space 6 formed between, on the one hand, the internal wall 5a of the aerator 5 and, on the other hand, the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and the distribution grid 20, constitutes, as indicated previously, the combustion chamber of gases from distillation.
  • the internal side of the aerator 5 has two walls 5a, 5d, spaced, parallel and provided with orifices, respectively 5g, 5f for distributing and distributing air (FIG. 8).
  • This double wall delimits a distribution chamber allowing the pressure of the air or gas to be distributed over the entire outlet of the aerator, and to reduce the heat effect inside, as well as the discharge in certain cases.
  • the orifices 5f formed in the inner wall 5d of the aerator have a larger diameter than that of the orifices 5g that has the outer wall 5a.
  • the holes 5f have a diameter which is twice the diameter of the holes 5g.
  • the holes 5g allow a first distribution of the air which is then distributed in the chamber 6 for combustion of the distillation gases.
  • the orifices 5f are significantly less numerous than the orifices 5g.
  • the lower part of the outer casing 1 has air suction openings 24 allowing the entry of combustion air into the device, this air being conveyed to the aerator via vertical ducts 25 the base of which opens in the lower part of the casing 1.
  • These suction outlets 24 can be provided with means known per se, making it possible to adjust the volume of air sucked in.
  • a flame-cutter or heat distributor device 26 Above the mobile assembly 2-20-5 of the apparatus and at a distance from the latter, there is fixedly disposed, between the external envelope and the internal body 4, a flame-cutter or heat distributor device 26.
  • This device consists of a U-shaped plate arranged horizontally in the rear half-part of the device, this plate being provided with orifices 27, preferably regularly spaced.
  • a gas train 28 can be housed in the lower part of the combustion chamber 6, facing at least part of the outlet orifices 23 of the distribution grid 20 , this gas train is constituted by a duct provided with outlet orifices oriented in the direction of the outlet orifices 23 of the grid 20.
  • It may have a rectilinear shape or an arcuate or circular shape so as to partially or completely surround the grid 20. It is preferably arranged in the front part of the device, so as to be visible through the porthole equipping it. front wall of the outer body 1; the aerator being, in this case, shaped to allow the combustion flames to be seen.
  • the gas train can be supplied with different gaseous fuels such as butane, propane, natural gas, etc.
  • the apparatus according to the invention may also include one or more admissions of liquid fuels opening at the upper part of the interior body 4 and connected to one or more tanks containing these fuels.
  • This or these liquid admissions can be permanently fixed to the upper part of the casing 1 of the device and can have various shapes (distribution manifold, single pipe, etc.). They can also be constituted by end pieces 31 of pipes not fixed to the device and connected by means of flexible pipes to one or more auxiliary tanks (not shown). In this case, when you want to burn a liquid, just introduce the or the inlet nozzles in the upper part of the appliance, through the opening 10. It is emphasized that it is possible to burn several combustible liquids simultaneously, certain products being able to be burned to cancel the harmful effects resulting from the combustion of 'others products.
  • the ash drawers 3a, 3b have a rear wall 3c movable from rear to front and vice versa, this movable wall being connected to a 3d handle disposed in front of the front wall 3e said drawers, via a movable frame 33.
  • the movable rear wall 3c makes it possible to scrape the bottom 3g of the ash drawers and to bring the ash collected therein forward. It can also be mounted with a tilting ability around a horizontal axis x-x located halfway up said wall.
  • the front wall 3e of the drawers 3a, 3b, is provided with a mouth 3f capable of being connected to a suction pipe A of a vacuum cleaner device making it possible to empty said drawers.
  • the latter are also equipped, in their front part, with a fixed vertical wall 29 provided with openings 30 partially delimited by the bottom 3g of said drawers.
  • This perforated wall 29 makes it possible to screen the ashes during their suction, this screening avoiding obstruction of the vacuum cleaner hose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A combustion apparatus using solid and/or liquid fuels and including an outer body or shell (1) with a lower portion housing a furnace consisting of a grate assembly (2) having at least two grates (2a, 2b) placed one above the other and provided with flat bars (2c) inclined about their longitudinal axis. The combustion apparatus may be configured as a heat generator and/or incinerator for burning solid materials (wood, coal, coke, sawdust, miscellaneous refuse such as used tyres, industrial or household waste, medical waste, etc.) and/or liquids (various oils, etc.).

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de combustion utilisant des combustibles solides ou solides/liquides. Cet appareil peut être réalisé de manière à constituer un générateur de chaleur et/ou un incinérateur, susceptible de fonctionner par combustion ou brûlage de matières solides (bois, charbons, coke, sciure de bois, rebuts divers tels que pneus usagés, déchets industriels ou ménagers, déchets médicaux, etc.) et/ou de matières liquides (huiles d'origines diverses, etc.).The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus using solid or solid / liquid fuels. This device can be made so as to constitute a heat generator and / or an incinerator, capable of operating by combustion or burning of solid materials (wood, coals, coke, sawdust, various scraps such as used tires, industrial waste or household, medical waste, etc.) and / or liquid materials (oils of various origins, etc.).

On connait des appareils de chauffage susceptibles de fonctionner par la combustion de combustibles solides et/ou liquides (FR-A-2.603.686). Le foyer de ces appareils comprend un ensemble de grilles superposées constituées par des barreaux espacés, de section circulaire ou autre. Les grilles constituées par des barreaux espacés de section circulaire ou polygonale ne retiennent pas suffisamment les combustibles fins (poussière de charbon, etc.) ou liquides, de sorte que l'on est conduit à augmenter le nombre de grilles superposées pour pallier à cet inconvénient, sans parvenir à l'éliminer totalement. Il en résulte qu'une certaine quantité de combustible n'est pas brûlée ou est incomplètement consumée.There are known heaters capable of operating by the combustion of solid and / or liquid fuels (FR-A-2,603,686). The hearth of these devices comprises a set of superimposed grids constituted by spaced bars, of circular section or the like. The grids constituted by spaced bars of circular or polygonal cross section do not retain sufficiently fine fuels (coal dust, etc.) or liquids, so that one is led to increase the number of superimposed grids to overcome this drawback , without succeeding in eliminating it completely. As a result, a certain amount of fuel is not burned or is incompletely consumed.

Un premier objet de la présente invention est notamment de remédier à cet inconvénient.A first object of the present invention is in particular to remedy this drawback.

Cet objectif est réalisé au moyen d'un appareil comprenant un corps ou enveloppe extérieure dans la partie inférieure de laquelle est logé un foyer constitué par un ensemble de grilles comprenant au moins deux grilles superposées ; cet appareil étant notamment remarquable en ce qu'au moins deux grilles superposées de cet ensemble sont constituées par des barreaux plats inclinés autour de leur axe longitudinal. De manière intéressante, des moyens permettent de régler l'inclinaison des barreaux plats ou volets d'au moins l'une de ces grilles et plus particulièrement de la grille inférieure.This objective is achieved by means of an apparatus comprising a body or external envelope in the lower part of which is housed a hearth constituted by a set of grids comprising at least two superimposed grids; this device being particularly remarkable in that at least two superimposed grids of this set are constituted by flat bars inclined around their longitudinal axis. Interestingly, means make it possible to adjust the inclination of the flat bars or flaps of at least one of these grids and more particularly of the lower grid.

Grâce à ce dispositif, les combustibles solides fins et les combustibles liquides sont retenus plus longtemps sur les barreaux plats ou volets inclinés des grilles superposées, ce qui permet leur combustion complète.Thanks to this device, fine solid fuels and liquid fuels are retained longer on flat bars or inclined flaps of superimposed grids, which allows their complete combustion.

Suivant un mode d'exécution de l'appareil de chauffage décrit dans le document FR-A-2.603.686, on a prévu de disposer, au-dessus de cet ensemble, un corps tubulaire fermé à sa partie supérieure et délimitant une cavité centrale constituant, à la fois, un réservoir de combustible solide et une chambre de distillation, la partie inférieure de ce corps comportant une pluralité d'orifices de sortie, répartis sur sa périphérie, pour le passage des gaz provenant de la distillation. Afin de permettre un réglage de la combustion, une paroi obturatrice est montée avec une aptitude de glissement vertical contre la surface latérale perforée du corps intérieur, de façon à régler le volume des gaz sortant de la chambre de distillation. Toutefois, un tel dispositif ne permet d'intervenir que de façon limitée sur la température des appareils en raison du fait que la hauteur des combustibles en état d'ignition reste constante, en cours de fonctionnement.According to one embodiment of the heating appliance described in document FR-A-2,603,686, provision has been made to have, above this assembly, a tubular body closed at its upper part and delimiting a central cavity constituting, at the same time, a solid fuel tank and a distillation chamber, the lower part of this body comprising a plurality of outlet orifices, distributed over its periphery, for the passage of gases from the distillation. In order to allow combustion regulation, a shutter wall is mounted with a vertical sliding ability against the perforated lateral surface of the interior body, so as to regulate the volume of gases leaving the distillation chamber. However, such a device makes it possible to intervene only in a limited way on the temperature of the apparatuses due to the fact that the height of the combustibles in ignition state remains constant, during operation.

Selon l'invention, cet inconvénient est largement atténué par le fait que l'ensemble de grilles est monté avec une aptitude de déplacement vertical, ce qui permet un réglage de la hauteur des produits en état d'ignition ou hauteur de feu et, par conséquent, un réglage de la température des appareils. D'autre part, la paroi obturatrice est remplacée par une grille ou ceinture perforée solidaire de l'ensemble de grilles dans ses déplacements verticaux, de sorte que toute élévation dudit ensemble réduisant la hauteur de la zone d'ignition ou hauteur de feu entraine une réduction du volume des gaz issus de la distillation, et vice-versa.According to the invention, this drawback is greatly mitigated by the fact that the set of grids is mounted with the ability to move vertically, which allows the height of the products in good condition to be adjusted. ignition or height of fire and, therefore, an adjustment of the temperature of the devices. On the other hand, the obturating wall is replaced by a perforated grid or belt secured to the set of grids in its vertical movements, so that any elevation of said set reducing the height of the ignition zone or height of fire leads to a reduction in the volume of gases from distillation, and vice versa.

Les buts, caractéristiques et avantages ci-dessus et d'autres encore, ressortiront mieux de la description qui suit et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :The aims, characteristics and advantages above and others still will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and from the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 est une vue de face, à caractère schématique et en coupe verticale de l'appareil de combustion selon l'invention, dont l'équipage mobile est représenté dans sa position la plus basse.Figure 1 is a front view, in schematic and in vertical section of the combustion device according to the invention, the movable assembly is shown in its lowest position.

La figure 2 est une vue en demi-coupe analogue à la figure 1, avec arrachement partiel, montrant l'équipage mobile de l'appareil en position haute.Figure 2 is a half-section view similar to Figure 1, partially broken away, showing the movable part of the device in the high position.

La figure 3 est une vue de côté, à caractère schématique et en coupe verticale de cet appareil.Figure 3 is a side view, schematic and in vertical section of this device.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe horizontale suivant la ligne 4-4 de la figure 1.Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 1.

La figure 5 est une vue en coupe horizontale selon la ligne 5-5 de la figure 1.Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 1.

La figure 6 est une vue de dessus de la figure 1.Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 1.

La figure 7 est une vue de détail, en perspective, illustrant un exemple de réalisation du dispositif de réglage de l'inclinaison des barreaux plats des grilles et du système de commande des mouvements verticaux de l'ensemble de grilles et des différents organes supportés par ces dernières.FIG. 7 is a detail view, in perspective, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the device for adjusting the inclination of the flat bars of the grids and of the system for controlling the vertical movements of the set of grids and of the various members supported by these last.

La figure 8 est une vue partielle, en perspective, de l'aérateur à double paroi distributrice.Figure 8 is a partial perspective view of the double wall dispenser aerator.

La figure 9 est une vue en perspective de l'un des tiroirs à cendre de l'appareil.Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the ash drawers of the appliance.

On se reporte auxdits dessins pour décrire un exemple de réalisation intéressant, bien que nullement limitatif, de l'appareil de combustion selon l'invention qui, dans ce cas, est agencé de manière à constituer un appareil de chauffage ou poêle émettant de la chaleur par rayonnement, mais qui pourrait aussi être équipé pour la production d'eau chaude ; cet appareil pouvant également remplir la fonction d'un incinérateur de déchets ménagers, agricoles, industriels ou autres.Reference is made to said drawings to describe an interesting, although in no way limiting, embodiment of the combustion device according to the invention which, in this case, is arranged so as to constitute a heating device or stove emitting heat. by radiation, but which could also be equipped for the production of hot water; this device can also fulfill the function of an incinerator of household, agricultural, industrial or other waste.

De manière connue, l'appareil selon l'invention comprend une enveloppe ou corps extérieur 1 ayant une section transversale rectangulaire selon l'exemple illustré, mais qui pourrait aussi avoir une section carrée, circulaire ou autre et exécutée, par exemple, en tôle d'acier réfractaire ou en fonte.In known manner, the apparatus according to the invention comprises an outer casing or body 1 having a rectangular cross section according to the example illustrated, but which could also have a square, circular or other section and executed, for example, in sheet metal d '' refractory or cast iron.

Dans la partie inférieure de cette enveloppe ou corps extérieur 1, est monté un ensemble de grilles 2 comprenant au moins deux grilles superposées 2a, 2b.In the lower part of this envelope or external body 1, is mounted a set of grids 2 comprising at least two superimposed grids 2a, 2b.

Dans l'espace réservé au-dessous de l'ensemble de grilles 2, est installé un dispositif de récupération des cendres 3 comprenant, par exemple, deux tiroirs ou cendriers 3a, 3b placés côte à côte.In the space reserved below the set of grates 2, an ash recovery device 3 is installed comprising, for example, two drawers or ashtrays 3a, 3b placed side by side.

Dans le corps extérieur 1 et au-dessus de l'ensemble de grilles 2, est monté, fixement et verticalement, un corps tubulaire intérieur 4, de dimensions plus réduites, par exemple exécuté en acier réfractaire et ayant une section transversale quadrangulaire, circulaire ou autre. Selon l'exemple illustré, ce corps comporte une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure de forme parallélépipédique rattachées l'une à l'autre par une partie intermédiaire troncopyramidale.In the outer body 1 and above the set of grids 2, is mounted, fixedly and vertically, an inner tubular body 4, of smaller dimensions, for example made of refractory steel and having a quadrangular, circular or other. According to the example illustrated, this body comprises an upper part and a lower part of parallelepiped shape connected to one another by an intermediate troncopyramidal part.

Dans sa partie inférieure 4a, le corps intérieur 4 peut être pourvu d'une pluralité d'orifices 4b régulièrement espacés et répartis sur toute sa surface latérale, ladite partie inférieure comportant, de préférence, plusieurs niveaux ou étages d'orifices espacés 4b, par exemple disposés en quinconce ou autrement.In its lower part 4a, the inner body 4 can be provided with a plurality of orifices 4b regularly spaced and distributed over its entire lateral surface, said lower part preferably comprising several levels or stages of spaced orifices 4b, for example arranged in staggered rows or otherwise.

La cavité centrale 4c délimitée par le corps intérieur 4 constitue, à la fois, un réservoir de combustible solide et une chambre de distillation, tandis que sa partie inférieure perforée 4a forme un brûleur des gaz issus de la distillation desdits combustibles.The central cavity 4c delimited by the internal body 4 constitutes, at the same time, a solid fuel tank and a distillation chamber, while its perforated lower part 4a forms a gas burner resulting from the distillation of said fuels.

Un aérateur 5 constitué par une gaine annulaire de section rectangulaire et comportant une paroi interne 5a pourvue d'orifices de distribution d'air, est disposé autour et à distance de la partie inférieure perforée 4a du corps intérieur 4. Un espace annulaire 6 se trouve ainsi ménagé entre la partie inférieure perforée 4a du corps 4 et la paroi interne 5a de l'aérateur 5, cet espace 6 constituant la chambre de combustion des gaz de distillation.An aerator 5 constituted by an annular sheath of rectangular section and comprising an internal wall 5a provided with air distribution orifices, is disposed around and at a distance from the perforated lower part 4a of the internal body 4. An annular space 6 is located thus formed between the perforated lower part 4a of the body 4 and the internal wall 5a of the aerator 5, this space 6 constituting the combustion chamber of the distillation gases.

Dans sa partie supérieure, l'enveloppe ou corps extérieur 1 est pourvue d'un orifice de sortie de fumée 7 apte à être raccordé, de toute manière connue, à un conduit de fumée.In its upper part, the envelope or external body 1 is provided with a smoke outlet orifice 7 capable of being connected, in any known manner, to a smoke duct.

A son sommet, le corps extérieur 1 est fermé par une plaque de couverture 8 fixée par vissage ou autrement sur ledit corps. Sous cette plaque 8 qui peut être exécutée en fonte, est fixée, par exemple par vissage, l'extrémité supérieure du corps intérieur 4. Dans sa partie centrale, la plaque de couverture 8, comporte une ouverture de chargement fermée par un couvercle pivotant 9 lui-même pourvu dans sa partie centrale, d'une ouverture 10 d'entrée d'air fermée par une trappe coulissante 11. Le couvercle 9 permet l'introduction des combustibles solides dans l'appareil, tandis que la trappe coulissante 11 permet une entrée d'air réglable grâce à laquelle on favorise la combustion de certains combustibles difficiles à brûler, tels que certaines variétés de charbon, tourbe, etc. Comme indiqué ci-après, la trappe 11 permet également le passage du ou des conduits d'admission de produits combustibles liquides divers, lorsque l'appareil n'est pas équipé à demeure, d'une arrivée de combustible liquide à sa partie supérieure.At its top, the outer body 1 is closed by a cover plate 8 fixed by screwing or otherwise on said body. Under this plate 8 which can be made of cast iron, is fixed, for example by screwing, the upper end of the inner body 4. In its central part, the cover plate 8, has a loading opening closed by a pivoting cover 9 itself provided in its central part with an air inlet opening 10 closed by a sliding hatch 11. The cover 9 allows the introduction of solid fuels into the appliance, while the sliding hatch 11 allows an adjustable air inlet which promotes the combustion of certain fuels which are difficult to burn, such as certain varieties of coal, peat, etc. As indicated below, the hatch 11 also allows the passage of the inlet duct or ducts for various liquid fuel products, when the appliance is not permanently fitted, with an inlet for liquid fuel at its upper part.

Selon une importante disposition caractéristique de l'invention, les barreaux 2c d'au moins deux grilles superposées 2a et 2b de l'ensemble de grilles 2, sont constitués par des lames ou volets inclinés ou par des barreaux susceptibles de pouvoir être inclinés. D'autre part, les barreaux plats 2c de la grille supérieure 2a ont, de manière avantageuse, une inclinaison inverse de celle des barreaux plats 2c de la grille inférieure 2b, et/ou une position décalée par rapport à celle de ces derniers. La partie inférieure des barreaux plats inclinés 2c' de la grille supérieure 2a se trouve disposée au-dessus de la partie supérieure des barreaux plats inclinés 2c" de la grille inférieure 2b. De la sorte, les liquides qui ne sont pas totalement brûlés ou volatilisés lors de leur entrée en contact avec les barreaux plats supérieurs 2c', glissent sur ces derniers et tombent sur les barreaux plats inférieurs 2c" au contact desquels s'achève leur calcination ou leur évaporation.According to an important characteristic arrangement of the invention, the bars 2c of at least two superimposed grids 2a and 2b of the set of grids 2, are constituted by inclined blades or flaps or by bars capable of being able to be inclined. On the other hand, the flat bars 2c of the upper grid 2a advantageously have an inverse inclination to that of the flat bars 2c of the lower grid 2b, and / or a position offset with respect to that of the latter. The lower part of the inclined flat bars 2c 'of the upper grid 2a is arranged above the upper part of the inclined flat bars 2c "of the lower grid 2b. In this way, the liquids which are not completely burnt or volatilized when they come into contact with the upper flat bars 2c ', slide on the latter and fall on the lower flat bars 2c "in contact with which their calcination or evaporation ends.

De manière avantageuse, l'appareil comporte des moyens permettant un réglage de l'inclinaison des barreaux plats 2c d'au moins l'une des grilles 2a, 2b et, de manière préférée, un réglage de l'inclinaison des barreaux plats 2c" de la grille inférieure 2b de l'ensemble de grilles 2.Advantageously, the apparatus comprises means allowing an adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c of at least one of the grids 2a, 2b and, preferably, an adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c " of the lower grid 2b of the set of grids 2.

On a illustré, à la figure 7, un exemple de réalisation des moyens permettant ce réglage. Selon cet exemple, les lames ou volets 2c constituant les barreaux plats de la grille inférieure 2b, sont munis, latéralement et à leur partie supérieure, d'axes de pivotement 2d engagés dans des paliers 2e qui peuvent être constitués par de simples entailles ménagées dans le bord supérieur de deux côtés opposés 2f d'un cadre 2g soutenant l'ensemble des barreaux plats de la grille.Illustrated in Figure 7, an embodiment of the means for this adjustment. According to this example, the blades or flaps 2c constituting the flat bars of the lower grid 2b, are provided, laterally and at their upper part, with pivot axes 2d engaged in bearings 2e which may consist of simple notches made in the upper edge of two opposite sides 2f of a 2g frame supporting all the flat bars of the grid.

Les moyens permettant le réglage de l'inclinaison des lames ou volets 2c" comprennent une tringle 12 mobile longitudinalement et disposée perpendiculairement auxdites lames ou volets, le long de la base de l'un des côtés 2f du cadre 2g et à l'extérieur de ce dernier.The means for adjusting the inclination of the blades or shutters 2c "comprise a rod 12 movable longitudinally and arranged perpendicular to said blades or shutters, along the base of one of the sides 2f of the frame 2g and outside this last.

L'une des extrémités de cette tringle 12 est rigidement solidaire d'une poignée de manoeuvre à crémaillère 13 accessible à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 1 et permettant de déplacer axialement ladite tringle. Cette dernière est munie de tiges espacées 14 de préférence orientées verticalement et rigidement solidaires de ladite tringle, l'espacement de ces tiges correspondant à l'espacement des volets 2c". L'extrémité supérieure de chaque tige 14 est reliée, au moyen d'une biellette 15, à un axe d'articulation 16 dont sont munies les lames ou volets 2c" à la base de leur extrémité disposée à proximité de la tringle 12. Le côté 2f du cadre 2g disposé à proximité de la tringle 12 comporte des lumières ou une ouverture 17 permettant le déplacement des axes 16. On comprend que le réglage de l'inclinaison des barreaux plats 2c" est obtenu en poussant ou en tirant la poignée 13. Suivant l'exemple illustré à la figure 7, le mouvement de poussée permet de réduire l'inclinaison des barreaux plats, tandis que le mouvement de traction permet d'augmenter cette inclinaison en la rapprochant de la verticale.One of the ends of this rod 12 is rigidly secured to a rack-and-pinion operating handle 13 accessible outside the casing 1 and making it possible to move said rod axially. The latter is provided with spaced rods 14 preferably oriented vertically and rigidly integral with said rod, the spacing of these rods corresponding to the spacing of the flaps 2c ". The upper end of each rod 14 is connected, by means of a connecting rod 15, with a hinge pin 16 which are provided with the blades or flaps 2c "at the base of their end arranged near the rod 12. The side 2f of the frame 2g disposed near the rod 12 includes lights or an opening 17 allowing the axes 16 to move. It is understood that the adjustment of the inclination of the flat bars 2c "is obtained by pushing or pulling the handle 13. According to the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the pushing movement makes it possible to reduce the inclination of the flat bars, while the pulling movement makes it possible to increase this inclination by bringing it closer to the vertical.

De préférence, les barreaux plats 2c de la grille supérieure 2a sont rigidement fixés au cadre ou ceinture de cette dernière, de sorte que lesdits barreaux ont un degré d'inclinaison invariable, par exemple de l'ordre de 45 degrés. Toutefois, la grille supérieure 2a pourrait également être agencée pour permettre un réglage de l'inclinaison de ses barreaux plats, par exemple au moyen d'un dispositif du genre de celui qui a été précédemment décrit pour le réglage de l'inclinaison des barreaux plats de la grille inférieure 2b.Preferably, the flat bars 2c of the upper grid 2a are rigidly fixed to the frame or belt of the latter, so that said bars have an invariable degree of inclination, for example of the order of 45 degrees. However, the upper grid 2a could also be arranged to allow an adjustment of the inclination of its flat bars, for example by means of a device of the type which has been previously described for adjusting the inclination of the flat bars. of the lower grid 2b.

L'ensemble de grilles 2 peut encore comprendre une ou plusieurs grilles pourvues de barreaux ordinaires et disposée(s) au-dessus de la paire de grilles 2a, 2b à barreaux plats inclinés.The set of grids 2 may also include one or more grids provided with ordinary bars and disposed (s) above the pair of grids 2a, 2b with inclined flat bars.

Suivant une autre importante disposition caractéristique de l'invention, l'ensemble de grilles superposées 2 est monté avec une aptitude de mouvement vertical et cet ensemble est assujetti à des moyens permettant ce mouvement et l'immobilisation dudit ensemble à différentes hauteurs possibles.According to another important arrangement characteristic of the invention, the set of superimposed grids 2 is mounted with an aptitude for vertical movement and this set is subject to means allowing this movement and the immobilization of said set at different possible heights.

Ces moyens comprennent, par exemple, deux dispositifs semblables disposés sur deux côtés opposés de l'ensemble de grilles 2 et comportant, chacun, un couple de crémaillères 18 disposées verticalement, en vis à vis, et rigidement solidaires de l'un des côtés 2h de la grille inférieure 2b. Ces crémaillères sont en prise avec une paire de roues dentées ou pignons 19 engrenant l'un avec l'autre, l'un de ces pignons étant solidaire en rotation d'un bouton ou poignée de manoeuvre 19a disposée à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 1 de l'appareil. On comprend qu'en tournant cette poignée de manoeuvre, on entraîne les pignons 19 en rotation en sens contraire, ces pignons communiquant un mouvement vertical aux crémaillères 18 avec lesquelles ils sont en prise et, par conséquent, un mouvement identique à l'ensemble de grilles 2 solidaires de ces crémaillères. Les arbres 19b sur lesquels sont calés les pignons 19, sont portés par une plaque verticale 21 disposée fixement entre l'ensemble de grilles 2 et l'enveloppe extérieure 1. En principe, l'ensemble de grilles 2 s'immobilise dès qu'on cesse d'exercer un effort sur la poignée de manoeuvre. On peut cependant prévoir un dispositif d'arrêt connu en soit pour immobiliser la poignée de manoeuvre et, par conséquent, l'ensemble de grilles 2 dans la position désirée. Des glissières verticales par exemple constituées par des cornières 22 assurent le guidage de l'ensemble de grilles 2, lors de ses mouvements verticaux.These means comprise, for example, two similar devices arranged on two opposite sides of the set of grids 2 and each comprising a pair of racks 18 arranged vertically, opposite, and rigidly secured to one of the sides 2h of the lower grid 2b. These racks are engaged with a pair of toothed wheels or pinions 19 meshing with each other, one of these pinions being integral in rotation with a button or operating handle 19a disposed outside of the enclosure 1 of the device. It is understood that by turning this operating handle, the pinions 19 are rotated in opposite directions, these pinions communicating a vertical movement with the racks 18 with which they are engaged and, consequently, a movement identical to the assembly of grids 2 integral with these racks. The shafts 19b on which the pinions 19 are wedged, are carried by a vertical plate 21 fixedly disposed between the set of grids 2 and the outer casing 1. In principle, the set of grids 2 comes to a stop as soon as the force on the operating handle ceases to be exerted . However, a stop device known per se can be provided to immobilize the operating handle and, consequently, the set of grids 2 in the desired position. Vertical slides for example constituted by angles 22 ensure the guiding of the set of grids 2, during its vertical movements.

On souligne que la commande des déplacements verticaux de l'ensemble de grilles 2 et de l'équipage mobile constitué par lesdites grilles et par les différents dispositifs solidaires de ces dernières et décrits ci-après, peut être manuelle et/ou motorisée de toute façon familière à l'homme du métier.It is emphasized that the control of the vertical displacements of the set of grids 2 and of the movable assembly constituted by said grids and by the various devices integral with the latter and described below, can be manual and / or motorized anyway familiar to those skilled in the art.

Suivant une autre disposition caractéristique très intéressante de l'invention, une grille annulaire 20 de distribution des gaz issus de la distillation, est disposée autour de la partie inférieure 4a du corps intérieur 4 et cette grille est montée avec une aptitude de glissement vertical contre la surface externe de cette partie inférieure. Cette grille distributrice 20 est constituée par une plaque de ceinturage pourvue d'orifices, et elle repose sur la grille supérieure 2a de l'ensemble de grilles mobile 2, sur laquelle elle peut être fixée, de toute manière convenable, de préférence de façon amovible.According to another very interesting characteristic arrangement of the invention, an annular grid 20 for distributing the gases from the distillation, is arranged around the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and this grid is mounted with a vertical sliding ability against the external surface of this lower part. This distribution grid 20 is constituted by a belt plate provided with orifices, and it rests on the upper grid 2a of the movable grid assembly 2, on which it can be fixed in any suitable manner, preferably in a removable manner .

On comprend que le mouvement ascendant de l'ensemble 2-20 permet de réduire le nombre des orifices de sortie des gaz (figure 2), et, par conséquent, le volume de ces derniers, tandis que le déplacement de l'ensemble 2-20 vers le bas (figure 1) permet d'augmenter le nombre desdits orifices et, par conséquent, le volume des gaz sortant de la chambre de distillation.It is understood that the upward movement of the assembly 2-20 makes it possible to reduce the number of gas outlet orifices (FIG. 2), and, consequently, the volume of the latter, while the displacement of the assembly 2- 20 downwards (FIG. 1) makes it possible to increase the number of said orifices and, consequently, the volume of gases leaving the distillation.

Les orifices 23 de la grille distributrice 20 sont régulièrement répartis sur toute la surface latérale de cette dernière qui comporte ainsi plusieurs niveaux ou étages espacés d'orifices disposés en quinconce ou autrement. Ces orifices étagés ont, par exemple, une forme circulaire et un diamètre de l'ordre de 5 à 10 mm; ils sont séparés par un intervalle de l'ordre de 5 à 10 mm. Ils constituent une pluralité de brûleurs élémentaires répartis autour de la base de la chambre de distillation 4c.The orifices 23 of the distribution grid 20 are regularly distributed over the entire lateral surface of the latter which thus comprises several levels or stages spaced from orifices staggered or otherwise arranged. These stepped orifices have, for example, a circular shape and a diameter of the order of 5 to 10 mm; they are separated by an interval of the order of 5 to 10 mm. They constitute a plurality of elementary burners distributed around the base of the distillation chamber 4c.

Selon une autre importante disposition caractéristique, l'aérateur 5, est disposé à la fois, autour et à distance de la partie inférieure 4a du corps intérieur 4 et autour et à distance de la grille distributrice 20, et cet aérateur 5 est solidaire de l'ensemble de grilles 2 dans ses mouvements verticaux.According to another important characteristic arrangement, the aerator 5 is arranged both around and at a distance from the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and around and at a distance from the distribution grid 20, and this aerator 5 is integral with the 'set of grids 2 in its vertical movements.

La gaine 5 constituant l'aérateur peut reposer sur l'ensemble de grilles 2 ou être fixée, de toute manière adéquate, sur la grille supérieure 2a de cet ensemble, de préférence de façon amovible.The sheath 5 constituting the aerator can rest on the set of grids 2 or be fixed, in any suitable manner, on the upper grid 2a of this set, preferably removably.

L'espace annulaire 6 ménagé entre, d'une part, la paroi interne 5a de l'aérateur 5 et, d'autre part, la partie inférieure 4a du corps intérieur 4 et la grille distributrice 20, constitue, comme indiqué précédemment, la chambre de combustion des gaz issus de la distillation.The annular space 6 formed between, on the one hand, the internal wall 5a of the aerator 5 and, on the other hand, the lower part 4a of the internal body 4 and the distribution grid 20, constitutes, as indicated previously, the combustion chamber of gases from distillation.

On conçoit que lorsqu'on déplace verticalement l'ensemble de grilles 2, la grille distributrice 20 et l'aérateur 5 effectuent des mouvements identiques, de sorte que ledit aérateur reste toujours parfaitement positionné par rapport à ladite grille.It will be appreciated that when the grid assembly 2 is moved vertically, the distribution grid 20 and the aerator 5 perform identical movements, so that said aerator always remains perfectly positioned with respect to said grid.

De manière intéressante, on prévoit de réaliser l'aérateur 5 en deux parties 5b, 5c, indépendante l'une de l'autre, ces deux parties étant disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre de la partie inférieure 4a du corps intérieur 4. Il est ainsi possible de réguler différemment chacune de ces parties, lesquelles peuvent également être remplacées plus facilement.Interestingly, provision is made to make the aerator 5 in two parts 5b, 5c, independent of one another, these two parts being arranged symmetrically on either side of the part lower 4a of the inner body 4. It is thus possible to regulate each of these parts differently, which can also be replaced more easily.

D'autre part, le côté interne de l'aérateur 5 comporte deux parois 5a, 5d, espacées, parallèles et pourvues d'orifices, respectivement 5g, 5f de répartition et de distribution d'air (figure 8). Cette double paroi délimite une chambre de répartition permettant de répartir la pression de l'air ou du gaz sur toute la sortie de l'aérateur, et de diminuer l'effet de chaleur à l'intérieur, ainsi que le refoulement dans certains cas.On the other hand, the internal side of the aerator 5 has two walls 5a, 5d, spaced, parallel and provided with orifices, respectively 5g, 5f for distributing and distributing air (FIG. 8). This double wall delimits a distribution chamber allowing the pressure of the air or gas to be distributed over the entire outlet of the aerator, and to reduce the heat effect inside, as well as the discharge in certain cases.

De manière intéressante, les orifices 5f ménagés dans la paroi intérieure 5d de l'aérateur ont un diamètre plus important que celui des orifices 5g que présente la paroi externe 5a. Par exemple, les trous 5f ont un diamètre qui est le double du diamètre des trous 5g. De la sorte, les trous 5g permettent une première répartition de l'air qui est ensuite distribué dans la chambre 6 de combustion des gaz de distillation. D'autre part, les orifices 5f sont sensiblement moins nombreux que les orifices 5g.Interestingly, the orifices 5f formed in the inner wall 5d of the aerator have a larger diameter than that of the orifices 5g that has the outer wall 5a. For example, the holes 5f have a diameter which is twice the diameter of the holes 5g. In this way, the holes 5g allow a first distribution of the air which is then distributed in the chamber 6 for combustion of the distillation gases. On the other hand, the orifices 5f are significantly less numerous than the orifices 5g.

La partie inférieure de l'enveloppe extérieure 1 comporte des ouïes d'aspiration d'air 24 permettant l'entrée d'air comburant dans l'appareil, cet air étant acheminé jusqu'à l'aérateur par l'intermédiaire de conduits verticaux 25 dont la base s'ouvre dans la partie inférieure de l'enveloppe 1. Ces ouies d'aspiration 24 peuvent être munies de moyens connus en soi, permettant de régler le volume d'air aspiré.The lower part of the outer casing 1 has air suction openings 24 allowing the entry of combustion air into the device, this air being conveyed to the aerator via vertical ducts 25 the base of which opens in the lower part of the casing 1. These suction outlets 24 can be provided with means known per se, making it possible to adjust the volume of air sucked in.

Au-dessus de l'équipage mobile 2-20-5 de l'appareil et à distance de ce dernier, est disposé fixement, entre l'enveloppe extérieure et le corps intérieur 4, un dispositif coupe flamme ou répartiteur de chaleur 26. Ce dispositif est constitué par une plaque en forme de U disposée horizontalement dans la demi-partie arrière de l'appareil, cette plaque étant pourvue d'orifices 27, de préférence régulièrement espacés.Above the mobile assembly 2-20-5 of the apparatus and at a distance from the latter, there is fixedly disposed, between the external envelope and the internal body 4, a flame-cutter or heat distributor device 26. This device consists of a U-shaped plate arranged horizontally in the rear half-part of the device, this plate being provided with orifices 27, preferably regularly spaced.

Comme indiqué dans le document FR-A-2.603.686, une rampe à gaz 28 peut être logée dans la partie inférieure de la chambre de combustion 6, en regard d'une partie au moins des orifices de sortie 23 de la grille distributrice 20, cette rampe à gaz est constituée par un conduit pourvu d'orifices de sortie orientés en direction des orifices de sortie 23 de la grille 20.As indicated in document FR-A-2,603,686, a gas train 28 can be housed in the lower part of the combustion chamber 6, facing at least part of the outlet orifices 23 of the distribution grid 20 , this gas train is constituted by a duct provided with outlet orifices oriented in the direction of the outlet orifices 23 of the grid 20.

Elle peut avoir une forme rectiligne ou une forme arquée ou circulaire de manière à entourer partiellement ou complètement la grille 20. Elle est de préférence, disposée dans la partie avant de l'appareil, de façon à être visible à travers le hublot la équipant la paroi frontale du corps extérieur 1 ; l'aérateur étant, dans ce cas, conformé pour permettre de voir les flammes de la combustion.It may have a rectilinear shape or an arcuate or circular shape so as to partially or completely surround the grid 20. It is preferably arranged in the front part of the device, so as to be visible through the porthole equipping it. front wall of the outer body 1; the aerator being, in this case, shaped to allow the combustion flames to be seen.

La rampe à gaz peut être alimentée avec différents combustibles gazeux tels que butane, propane, gaz naturel, etc.The gas train can be supplied with different gaseous fuels such as butane, propane, natural gas, etc.

L'appareil selon l'invention peut encore comporter une ou plusieurs admissions de combustibles liquides débouchant à la partie supérieure du corps intérieur 4 et raccordée(s) à un ou plusieurs réservoirs contenant ces combustibles. Cette ou ces admissions de liquides peuvent être fixées à demeure à la partie supérieure de l'enveloppe 1 de l'appareil et avoir des formes diverses (rampe distributrice, simple tuyau, etc.). Elles peuvent aussi être constituées par des embouts 31 de tuyauteries non fixées à l'appareil et raccordées au moyen de tuyaux flexibles à un ou plusieurs réservoirs auxiliaires (non représentés). Dans ce cas, lorsqu'on veut brûler un liquide, il suffit d'introduire le ou les embouts d'admission dans la partie supérieure de l'appareil, à travers l'ouverture 10. On souligne qu'il est possible de brûler simultanément plusieurs liquides combustibles, certains produits pouvant être brûlés pour annuler les effets nocifs résultant de la combustion d'autres produits.The apparatus according to the invention may also include one or more admissions of liquid fuels opening at the upper part of the interior body 4 and connected to one or more tanks containing these fuels. This or these liquid admissions can be permanently fixed to the upper part of the casing 1 of the device and can have various shapes (distribution manifold, single pipe, etc.). They can also be constituted by end pieces 31 of pipes not fixed to the device and connected by means of flexible pipes to one or more auxiliary tanks (not shown). In this case, when you want to burn a liquid, just introduce the or the inlet nozzles in the upper part of the appliance, through the opening 10. It is emphasized that it is possible to burn several combustible liquids simultaneously, certain products being able to be burned to cancel the harmful effects resulting from the combustion of 'others products.

Selon une autre disposition caractéristique de l'invention, les tiroirs à cendres 3a, 3b comportent une paroi postérieure 3c mobile de l'arrière vers l'avant et vice versa, cette paroi mobile étant reliée à une poignée 3d disposée devant la paroi avant 3e desdits tiroirs, par l'intermédiaire d'un cadre mobile 33. La paroi postérieure mobile 3c permet de racler le fond 3g des tiroirs à cendre et d'amener vers l'avant les cendres recueillies dans ces derniers. Elle peut en outre être montée avec une aptitude de basculement autour d'un axe horizontal x-x situé à mi-hauteur de ladite paroi. De la sorte, si des cendres passent à l'arrière de la paroi 3c lors de son déplacement vers l'avant, ladite paroi basculera autour de cet axe lorsqu'elle sera repoussée vers l'arrière, et permettra ensuite de ramener le reste des centres, lors d'un nouveau déplacement vers l'avant. Une butée 32 solidaire du cadre mobile 33 et disposée à l'arrière et à la base de la paroi basculante 3c s'oppose à son pivotement en sens contraire, lors de ses déplacements vers l'avant.According to another characteristic arrangement of the invention, the ash drawers 3a, 3b have a rear wall 3c movable from rear to front and vice versa, this movable wall being connected to a 3d handle disposed in front of the front wall 3e said drawers, via a movable frame 33. The movable rear wall 3c makes it possible to scrape the bottom 3g of the ash drawers and to bring the ash collected therein forward. It can also be mounted with a tilting ability around a horizontal axis x-x located halfway up said wall. In this way, if ashes pass behind the wall 3c during its displacement towards the front, said wall will tilt around this axis when it is pushed backwards, and will then allow to bring back the rest of the centers, when moving forwards again. A stop 32 secured to the movable frame 33 and disposed at the rear and at the base of the tilting wall 3c opposes its pivoting in the opposite direction, when it moves forwards.

La paroi avant 3e des tiroirs 3a, 3b, est munie d'une embouchure 3f apte à être raccordée à un tuyau A d'aspiration d'un appareil aspirateur permettant de vider lesdits tiroirs.The front wall 3e of the drawers 3a, 3b, is provided with a mouth 3f capable of being connected to a suction pipe A of a vacuum cleaner device making it possible to empty said drawers.

Ces derniers sont encore équipés, dans leur partie avant, d'une paroi verticale fixe 29 pourvue d'ouvertures 30 partiellement délimitées par le fond 3g desdits tiroirs. Cette paroi perforée 29 permet de réaliser un criblage des cendres, lors de leur aspiration, ce criblage évitant l'obstruction du tuyau d'aspirateur.The latter are also equipped, in their front part, with a fixed vertical wall 29 provided with openings 30 partially delimited by the bottom 3g of said drawers. This perforated wall 29 makes it possible to screen the ashes during their suction, this screening avoiding obstruction of the vacuum cleaner hose.

Claims (14)

  1. A combustion apparatus using solid or solid/liquid fuels comprising a body or outer case (1) in the lower part of which is housed a firebox made up of a grate assembly (2) comprising at least two superimposed grates, characterised by the fact that at least two superimposed grates (2a, 2b) of this assembly comprise flat bars (2c) slanted around their longitudinal axis.
  2. A combustion apparatus according to claim 1, characterised by the fact that the bottom part of the slanted flat bars (2c') of the upper grate (2a) is positioned over the top part of the slanted flat bars (2c") of the lower grate (2b).
  3. A combustion apparatus according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterised by the fact that the flat bars (2c') of the upper grate (2a) have an inverse slant to that of the flat bars (2c") of the lower grate (2b).
  4. A combustion apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised by the fact that at least the flat bars of one of the grates, and preferably, the flat bars (2c") of the lower grate (2b) have an adjustable slant, and that the said apparatus comprises means (12-13-14-15-16) whereby this slope can be adjusted.
  5. A combustion apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising a tubular body (4) installed vertically in the upper part of the body or outer case (1), above and at a distance from the superimposed grate assembly (2), this inner body being open at its base and delimiting a central cavity (4c) constituting, at the same time, a reservoir for solid fuel and a distillation chamber around the lower part of which is fitted a combustion chamber (6) for gases produced by the distillation, characterised by the fact that the said assembly of superimposed grates (2) is mounted with a capability of vertical movement, so that it is possible to regulate the distance between the base of the said inner body (4) and the upper grate (2a) of the said assembly (2), the said apparatus comprising means (18, 19) permitting the position of the grate assembly (2) to be adjusted.
  6. A combustion apparatus according to claim 5, characterised by the fact that a movable grate (20) is positioned vertically around the lower part (4a) of the inner body (4) and that this peripheral grate (20) is supported by the movable assembly of superimposed grates (2) with which it is integral in vertical movement.
  7. A combustion apparatus according to either of claims 5 or 6, characterised by the fact that the lower part (4a) of the inner body (4) is provided with multiple holes (4b) for the passage of gas produced in the distillation.
  8. A combustion apparatus according to any of claims 5 to 7, comprising an aerator (5) made up of an annular duct positioned around and at a distance from the lower part (4a) of the inner body (4) and the peripheral grate (20), in such a manner as to form an annular combustion chamber (6) for the distillation gases, characterised by the fact that this aerator (5) is integral with the superimposed grate assembly (2) in its vertical movements.
  9. A combustion apparatus according to claim 8, characterised by the fact that the inner side of the aerator (5) has two walls (5a, 5d) separated by a space, provided with multiple holes and delimiting an air distribution chamber; the holes (5f) of the inner wall (5d) having a diameter greater than that of the holes (5g) of the outer wall (5a).
  10. A combustion apparatus according to any of claims 5 to 9, characterised by the fact that it comprises a flame arrester device or heat distributor (26) made up of a perforated plate positioned between the outer case (1) and the inner body (4), above and at a distance from the movable unit (2-20-5) of the apparatus.
  11. A combustion apparatus according to claim 1, comprising one or more ash boxes, characterised by the fact that this ash box or each ash box (3a, 3b) has, firstly, a movable rear wall (3c) towards the front and, secondly, a front wall (3e) provided with an opening (3f) to which to an aspirator (A) can be connected.
  12. A combustion apparatus according to claim 11, characterised by the fact that the rear movable wall (3c) of the ash box(es) (3a, 3b), is mounted so as to be able to tilt around a horizontal axis (x-x).
  13. A combustion apparatus according to either of claims 11 or 12, characterised by the fact that the ash box or each ash box (3a, 3b) is provided, at its front part, with a fixed vertical wall (29), provided with openings (30) partially delimited by the bottom (3g) of the ash box or boxes.
  14. A combustion apparatus according to either of claims 8 or 9, characterised by the fact that the aerator (5) is made in two parts (5b, 5c) separate from each other.
EP93920558A 1992-03-17 1993-03-16 Combustion apparatus using solid or solid/liquid fuels Expired - Lifetime EP0630462B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9203475 1992-03-17
FR929203475A FR2688868B1 (en) 1992-03-17 1992-03-17 COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING SOLID AND / OR LIQUID FUELS.
PCT/FR1993/000260 WO1993019324A1 (en) 1992-03-17 1993-03-16 Combustion apparatus using solid and/or liquid fuels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0630462A1 EP0630462A1 (en) 1994-12-28
EP0630462B1 true EP0630462B1 (en) 1996-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93920558A Expired - Lifetime EP0630462B1 (en) 1992-03-17 1993-03-16 Combustion apparatus using solid or solid/liquid fuels

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EP (1) EP0630462B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE139833T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3756993A (en)
DE (1) DE69303363D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2688868B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993019324A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2761458B1 (en) 1997-03-28 1999-06-18 Olmotti Humbert Marin LIQUID, PASTY AND SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR
IT1393286B1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2012-04-12 Thermorossi Spa BURNER FOR STOVE POWERED BY SOLID FUELS
AT514525B1 (en) * 2013-07-10 2015-05-15 Josef Lumper incinerator
CN103982919A (en) * 2014-05-19 2014-08-13 重庆汇源火锅研究所 Multi-functional stove
FR3026825A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-08 Jeorg Fingas GAS FIREPLACE FROM SOLID FUEL
ITUB20155566A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-13 Sida Pirolisi S R L S PYROLYTIC STOVE
CN107228347A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 A kind of biomass steam boiler
CN107228369A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 Material row's structure of biomass boiler
CN107228482A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 Biomass steam boiler system
CN107228370A (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 Material for biomass boiler is arranged
RU2625189C1 (en) * 2016-10-17 2017-07-12 Олег Савельевич Кочетов System for recycling wet carbon-containing wastes
CN107965779A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-27 佘峰 A kind of vibration-type boiler slag collection device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2152653B (en) * 1983-11-03 1988-04-07 Edward Truch Grate assemblies
FR2603686B1 (en) * 1986-09-05 1992-10-30 Olmotti Humbert Marin UNIVERSAL HEATING APPARATUS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69303363D1 (en) 1996-08-01
EP0630462A1 (en) 1994-12-28
WO1993019324A1 (en) 1993-09-30
FR2688868B1 (en) 1994-06-17
AU3756993A (en) 1993-10-21
ATE139833T1 (en) 1996-07-15
FR2688868A1 (en) 1993-09-24

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