EP0623468B1 - Heberfarbwerk und Verfahren zur Farbmengeneinstellung von Druckmaschinen - Google Patents
Heberfarbwerk und Verfahren zur Farbmengeneinstellung von Druckmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0623468B1 EP0623468B1 EP94105540A EP94105540A EP0623468B1 EP 0623468 B1 EP0623468 B1 EP 0623468B1 EP 94105540 A EP94105540 A EP 94105540A EP 94105540 A EP94105540 A EP 94105540A EP 0623468 B1 EP0623468 B1 EP 0623468B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- ink fountain
- printing
- ductor
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
- B41F31/02—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
- B41F31/14—Applications of messenger or other moving transfer rollers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S101/00—Printing
- Y10S101/32—Means to vary the time of contact of one or more rollers in an ink train
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for adjusting the amount of ink in lifter inking units of printing presses, in particular sheetfed offset printing presses according to the preamble of claim 1 and a correspondingly designed lifter inking unit, according to the preamble of claim 6, in which the method can be used.
- the ink to be printed has been supplied almost exclusively via lifter inking units for a long time.
- Such siphon inking units have an ink fountain roller which interacts with an ink fountain and metering devices (ink metering elements or divided or undivided ink knives), on the surface of which the ink to be printed is applied in the form of a layer of adjustable thickness. Due to the dosing elements on the ink fountain, the ink layer thickness on the ink fountain roller can be set differently across the printing direction according to the ink requirements of the printing form.
- An intermittent siphon roller removes a certain length of ink strip from the ink fountain roller due to occasional contact with the ink fountain roller and transfers this amount of ink to this ink roller in the event of subsequent contact with another ink roller.
- This ink roller is usually designed as a friction roller and carries out corresponding traversing movements of adjustable stroke and / or frequency. Further ink rollers following this friction roller cause the feed rollers fed through the lifting roller to split several times Ink quantity and by the inking rollers a corresponding inking of the printing areas of the printing form located on the plate cylinder.
- the intermittent lifter roller is rotatably supported on its two journals in a pivotable bearing lever, these bearing levers being coupled to a cam roller drive, by means of which the intermittent, that is, the oscillating movement of the lifter roller between the ink fountain and the friction roller results.
- the cam of the lifter roller drive is directly reduced by the printing unit (e.g. 3: 1), so that based on a corresponding number of revolutions of the plate cylinder (e.g. 3) there is a reciprocating movement of the lifter roller between the ink fountain roller and the distributor roller (lifting stroke).
- the ink fountain roller can have a mechanical or else controllable electrical drive derived from the printing unit drive.
- the ink fountain roller is driven step by step or continuously, whereby, as is known from the prior art, in both cases the speed - in the case of the step-by-step drive also the step frequency - is coupled with the machine speed (printing speed) .
- ink fountain roller drives are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,007,683, EP 0 518 234 A1, EP 0 264 838 B1. So that the width of the ink fountain roller can be supplied with increased and reduced ink at all printing speeds, depending on the needs, in the event of a drive of the ink fountain roller coupled to the printing press speed, the contact angle (contact time) of the lifting roller on the ink fountain roller (lifting strip width) is changed, which by a Appropriate training of the cam for the jack roller drive is achieved by means of adjustable control levels.
- the ink fountain roller coupled with its own drive can also be increased or decreased in speed for the same purpose, so that there is also an increase or decrease in the width of the squeegee strip.
- the speed of the ink fountain roller is not only determined directly by the speed of the printing press, but is also to be increased or decreased, for example from a control station, at the respective printing press speed in order to achieve an intended lifting strip width.
- the characteristic curve by means of which the drive speed of the ink fountain roller is coupled to the printing press speed is therefore changed.
- the speed of the ink fountain roller is only coupled to the speed of the printing press by means of an unchangeable characteristic curve.
- the lifting strip width results from the corresponding setting of the step width of the ink fountain roller.
- the drive of the lifting roller and the corresponding switching drive for the ink fountain roller work in such a phase that the rotation of the ink fountain roller takes place in the phase of contact with the lifting roller.
- the ink guide is adjusted in accordance with predetermined target specifications, as a rule at a lower printing speed (for example 5,000 sheets / h) than the subsequent production.
- a lower printing speed for example 5,000 sheets / h
- the production speeds of the high-speed sheet-fed offset printing presses known today can be 15,000 sheets / h and more.
- a coloration set at a low machine speed changes when the printing speed is subsequently increased (for example 15,000 sheets / h) changed that the color densities determined on the print sheet on a print control strip but also in the image decrease overall.
- the printed sheets produced when tuning at a low printing speed thus have a higher color density than those which are then produced at the actual production speed.
- Color density changes in the range of a few 0.1 color density units are typical.
- this effect which can be observed particularly in the case of very high-speed sheet-fed offset printing machines, is referred to as color drop.
- the reverse effect - increased coloration - occurs when the printing speed is reduced.
- GB-A-2 193 926 discloses a lifter inking unit for a printing press, in which a roller (ink fountain roller) interacting with a ink reservoir and a downstream lifter roller each have their own controllable drive.
- a controller influencing the movement of the rollers is connected to a sensor for detecting the printing speed.
- a lifter inking unit for printing machines in which an ink fountain roller is connected to two further rollers and each of these rollers is assigned a lifter roller which performs an intermittent movement.
- the lifter rollers perform movements that are out of phase with each other and transfer the ink film to downstream inking unit rollers.
- GB-A-1 024 211 describes a lifter inking unit for a printing press, in which the ink fountain roller and the downstream lifter have their own drive.
- the ink fountain roller rotates at a peripheral speed regardless of the printing speed.
- a controller is provided which processes pulses corresponding to the printing speed.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to design a method for adjusting the amount of ink in lifter inking units of printing machines in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 and a suitably designed lifter inking unit for carrying out the method in accordance with the preamble of claim 6 in such a way that a change in the ink layer thickness application on the printing material when Changing the printing speed is counteracted.
- the speed or step frequency of the ink fountain roller coupled to the speed of the printing unit, but it is provided according to the invention that the speed or step frequency of the ink fountain roller, which has its own controllable drive, at all Printing unit speeds is kept at a constant value. So that depending on the printing speed, more or less ink is nevertheless conveyed from the ink fountain via the ink fountain roller in the direction of the printing plate, it is provided according to the invention that the contact angle of the lifting roller on the ink fountain roller is changed depending on the printing unit speed.
- the present invention makes use of the knowledge that the colors used in offset printing technology have pronounced non-Newtonian properties and therefore, because of the drive of the ink fountain roller at a speed independent of the printing speed, there are always the same - regardless of the printing speed - color properties.
- the contact angle of the lifter roller on the ink fountain roller is chosen to take off a corresponding amount of ink as a function of the printing or machine speed.
- a simple linear characteristic curve can be provided here, which shows the dependence of the required system time as a function of the respective printing unit speed.
- the characteristic curve mentioned can be determined theoretically and / or empirically.
- a characteristic curve can also be provided which has non-linear properties at least in sections.
- an essential feature of the present invention is that the speed of the ink fountain roller is kept at a constant value by its own drive regardless of the printing unit speed.
- This speed value of the ink fountain roller itself can, however, be set by the printer, for example from the control station, so that the lifting strip removed from the lifting roller can be increased or decreased by a somewhat higher or a somewhat lower speed value of the ink fountain roller at all printing unit speeds.
- the change in the contact angle of the lifter roller on the ink fountain roller is initiated a certain number of machine revolutions (angular degrees) before the change in the printing speed. If, for example, the command to increase the printing speed from 5,000 B / h to 15,000 B / h is entered on a control panel, the contact angle of the lifting roller with respect to the ink fountain roller is first changed from the value provided for 15,000 B / h to the for after a predetermined time ramp 15,000 B / h ramped up. The machine is then ramped up by 5,000 b / h to 15,000 d / h with a certain number of machine revolutions.
- a corresponding procedure is followed when the printing press speed is reduced, i.e. First, after entering a corresponding command, the system angle is reduced in accordance with a predetermined time law and, after a certain number of machine revolutions, the printing machine speed is increased and decreased.
- the number of machine revolutions by which the initiation of the speed change is initiated in relation to the change in the system angle of the jack is determined from the lifting stroke of the printing press, the geometry of the inking unit and the printing unit. For this purpose, it is determined by how many revolutions the printing unit or the machine (single-speed shaft) must be rotated until a change in layer thickness on the first friction roller corresponding change in layer thickness on one of the inking rollers.
- the inking roller that causes the largest percentage of inking on the printing form or the inking roller that has the shortest and therefore the least number of machine degrees that cause a change in color from the friction roller to the inking roller can be selected here as a reference.
- the above-mentioned deceleration in machine rotation or angular degrees takes into account the number of degrees that the printing press executes until a change in coloration on the printing plate comes to rest on the printing sheet, the printing zone.
- the change in the system angle following the input command for changing the printing speed and the change in printing machine speed which is then delayed to be initiated are always initiated with the same angular position of the lifting gear. This can mean, in particular, that the change in the contact angle is only initiated when the lifting roller bears against the friction roller.
- the intermittent drive of the lifting roller takes place by means of an adjustable pair of cams driven by the printing unit.
- This intended pair of cams consists of two cams lying side by side, the axes of rotation of which coincide and which are driven together by the printing or inking unit.
- a roller pressed under spring force runs, which is coupled to the one lever arm of the lifter roller bearing and accordingly generates the pendulum movement of the lifter roller.
- an ink fountain roller 1 interacts with an ink fountain 2.
- the color metering elements attached to the underside of the ink fountain 2 for setting a color profile are not shown.
- the ink fountain roller 1 is coupled directly to a motor M with the interposition of a transmission (not shown), the motor M being controlled by an electronic drive A.
- the ink fountain roller 1 In the transport direction of the ink, the ink fountain roller 1 is followed by a lifting roller 3, which is suspended via its two ends on a pivotable bearing arm 5, which in turn is mounted in a side frame (not shown) of the printing press or the inking unit.
- a roller 6 At the second end of a bearing arm 5, a roller 6 is attached, which is pressed under the force of a spring 7 against the outer contours of two cams 8, 9 lying next to one another.
- the lifter roller 3 is followed in the lifter inking unit according to FIG. 1 by a first friction roller 4, which is in contact with further ink rollers, which are only indicated.
- a first friction roller 4 By means of the lifter roller drive shown in FIG. 1 with the reference numerals 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, the lifter roller 3 executes an intermittent movement between the ink fountain roller 1 and the friction roller 4.
- the friction roller 4 can also be designed as a non-changing inking roller or, via an adjustable traversing drive, as a friction roller adjustable in the traversing stroke.
- the two cams 8, 9 are driven by the printing unit or the inking unit with the interposition of an adjusting gear 10, a reduction gear, not shown, is also provided here.
- the representation of the cam disks 8, 9 with the adjusting gear 10 according to FIG. 1 is to be understood purely symbolically, whereby in principle, for example, the cam disk 8 (main cam) is driven directly from the printing unit / inking unit and the cam disk 9 (adjusting cam) is rotatable with respect to one another the cam 8 is arranged parallel to this.
- Fig. 4 shows the cams 8, 9 with the profile of their outer contours once again individually (Fig. 4, left) and also superimposed (Fig. 4, right). Both cams 8, 9 have a large curve radius on the major part of their circumferential contour U, which merges into the remaining part of the circumferential contour V with a small radius of curvature via two S-shaped transitions.
- a control cam is thus created, through which the roller 6 runs on the circumferential contour U of the cam disk 8 and / or the cam disk 9 and in the remaining area - depending on the adjustment of the cam disks 8 , 9 to each other (arrow) - on the circumferential contour V.
- the common circumferential contour V of the cams 8, 9 is associated with the positioning of the lifting roller 3 on the ink fountain roller 1.
- the adjustability of the cam disks 8, 9 relative to one another with simultaneous drive from the printing / inking unit via the adjustment gear 10 (phase gear / differential gear) is identified in each case by an arrow in FIGS. 1 and 4. 1 also shows the direction of rotation of the cams 8, 9.
- the cams 8, 9 also each have a circumferential contour V with a small radius.
- the cam plate 9 in an angular area WU has a circumferential contour U with a larger radius, which indicates the contact angle of the lifting roller 3 the friction roller 4 defined.
- the cam 8 thus has two radii and the cam 9 has three radii. If the roller 6 runs on the central radius of the cam disks 8, 9, the lifting roller 3 is located between the ink fountain roller 1 and the friction roller 3.
- FIG. 7 the two cams 8, 9 are shown in a superimposed form - corresponds to the situation according to FIG. 4, left - in a top view and in FIG. 8 in a side view.
- the fact that only the cam plate 9 has the circumferential contour U for the contact of the lifting roller 3 with the friction roller 4 ensures that the contact angle of the lifting roller 3 on the friction roller 4 is independent of the rotation of the cam discs 8, 9.
- the lifting roller 3 thus always executes the same number of revolutions - or fractions thereof - in contact with the friction roller 4, regardless of the position of the cams 8, 9 relative to one another.
- WU and WV respectively denote the contact angle of the lifter roller 3 on the friction roller 4 and the ink fountain roller 1, based on one revolution of the cam disks 8, 9.
- FIG. 7 it can be seen that in this embodiment, by turning the cams 8, 9 relative to one another, the contact angle WV of the lifting roller 3 with respect to the ink fountain roller 1 is variable, whereas the contact angle WU of the lifting roller 3 on the friction roller 4 always remains constant.
- the servomotor 11 receives its actuating signals from a controller S and furthermore, via an indicated signal line, information about the printing speed (printing unit speed), for example in the form of a speedometer signal or a pulse train proportional to the printing speed.
- the control S is assigned a characteristic curve memory K, in which the rotation of the cam disks 8 to be effected by the servomotor 11 via the adjusting gear 10, 9 are stored relative to one another as ordinate values over the printing speed as the abscissa (FIG. 3).
- FIG. 3 shows in the form of a characteristic curve the relationship according to the invention of the rotation of the cam disks 8, 9 to be carried out by the servomotor 11 relative to one another as a function of the printing speed (abscissa). Since ultimately the rotation of the cams 8, 9 relative to one another according to the gear arrangement according to FIG. 1 changes the contact angle of the lifting roller 3 with respect to the ink fountain roller 1, that is to say also increases or decreases the circumferential contour V (circumferential contour U decreases or increases accordingly) 3, the characteristic curve according to FIG. 3 likewise shows the relationship of the contact angle of the lifting roller 3 on the ink fountain roller 1 (ordinate) as a function of the printing speed plotted on the abscissa (corresponding scaling of the ordinate).
- FIG. 9 shows the course of the contact angle WV of the lifting roller 3 with respect to the ink fountain roller 1 as a function of the machine angle MW and the machine speed MG as a function of the machine angle MW in two diagrams lying one above the other.
- the command for increasing the machine speed MG from the value MG1 to MG2 was entered at the time W1 of the machine angle MW.
- the contact angle WV is raised from a value WV1 corresponding to the current printing speed to the final value WV2 according to a predetermined time law.
- the increase in the machine speed MG from the initial value MG1 to the intended final value MG2 is initiated only at the time W3 of the machine angle MW.
- the machine speed MG is ramped up and the angle value W3-W1 is delayed at the time W1 which was given the command to increase the machine speed MG.
- the ramping up of the machine speed MG from a value MG1 to a final value MG2 and the corresponding change in the contact angle WV of the lifting roller 3 with respect to the ink fountain roller 1 from a value WV1 to a value WV2 were described. Accordingly, the machine speed MG is reduced from a higher initial value to a lower final value.
- the change in the contact angle WV of the lifting roller 3 with respect to the ink fountain roller 1 is always triggered to the same switching state of the lifting roller 3.
- the starting value is changed to the corresponding one after a predetermined time ramp Shut down the final value, and - with a delay in relation to the machine angle MW - the machine speed MG is shut down.
Landscapes
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4314426 | 1993-05-03 | ||
DE19934314426 DE4314426C2 (de) | 1993-05-03 | 1993-05-03 | Heberfarbwerk für eine Druckmaschine |
DE4411109 | 1994-03-30 | ||
DE19944411109 DE4411109C1 (de) | 1994-03-30 | 1994-03-30 | Verfahren zur Farbmengeneinstellung bei Heberfarbwerken von Druckmaschinen, insbesondere Bogenoffsetdruckmaschinen, sowie entsprechend ausgebildetes Heberfarbwerk |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0623468A1 EP0623468A1 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
EP0623468B1 true EP0623468B1 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
Family
ID=25925478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94105540A Expired - Lifetime EP0623468B1 (de) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-04-11 | Heberfarbwerk und Verfahren zur Farbmengeneinstellung von Druckmaschinen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5493970A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0623468B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2695382B2 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE150375T1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE59402113D1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2100592T3 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19940532B4 (de) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-02-08 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Druckmaschine mit einem Heberfarbwerk |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4428403C2 (de) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-07-11 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Heberantrieb einer Druckmaschine |
DE4436102C2 (de) * | 1994-10-10 | 2000-01-05 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Vorrichtung zur kontrollierten Übertragung von Druckfarbe |
US6112660A (en) * | 1994-10-10 | 2000-09-05 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for the controlled transfer of printing ink |
DE19613360A1 (de) * | 1996-04-03 | 1997-10-09 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Hebwalze in Druckmaschinen |
JP4391602B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-31 | 2009-12-24 | 株式会社小森コーポレーション | 印刷機のインキ装置 |
DE19643354A1 (de) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-04-23 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Verfahren zum Befeuchten einer Druckform für den Offsetdruck |
DE19753931C2 (de) * | 1996-12-23 | 2003-07-31 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Temperierung der gummibezogenen Farbtransportwalzen einer Offset-Rotationsdruckmaschine |
DE19753944C2 (de) * | 1997-12-05 | 2002-06-06 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Heberfarbwerkes einer Druckmaschine |
DE19815293A1 (de) * | 1998-04-06 | 1999-10-07 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Druckmaschine und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckmaschine |
DE29809948U1 (de) * | 1998-06-04 | 1998-08-06 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 63075 Offenbach | Steuerung für ein Heberfarbwerk |
EP1634700A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2006-03-15 | Digital Internet Transport System S.L. | Method and machine for conditioning paper printed with the aid of digital printing systems |
ES2222089B1 (es) * | 2003-05-19 | 2006-03-16 | Digital Internet Transport System, S.L. | Procedimiento y maquina para el acondicionamiento del papel impreso mediante sistemas de impresion digital. |
JP4638685B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-10 | 2011-02-23 | ハイデルベルガー ドルツクマシーネン アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | オフセット印刷機による印刷の際に湿し水を調量する方法 |
EP1720973A4 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2009-12-23 | Honeywell Int Inc | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF PRINTED MEDIA |
US20070181022A1 (en) * | 2006-02-06 | 2007-08-09 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Apparatus and method for controlling the supply of fluid |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2223945A (en) * | 1939-06-20 | 1940-12-03 | Cottrell C B & Sons Co | Inking mechanism for printing presses |
FR1315105A (fr) * | 1961-12-05 | 1963-01-18 | Financ De Participation Et De | Perfectionnements apportés aux machines imprimeuses, en particulier aux machines dites |
US3688696A (en) * | 1970-05-08 | 1972-09-05 | Harris Intertype Corp | Motorized ductor roll |
US3746957A (en) * | 1970-09-16 | 1973-07-17 | Polygraph Leipzig | Apparatus for remote control of positioning and drive members for printing machines |
US4007683A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1977-02-15 | Dickerson Henry R | Auxiliary drive and sprocket adapter for ink fountain roller |
GB2193926A (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-02-24 | Ratby Eng Co Ltd | Inking system in a printing machine |
DE8628071U1 (de) * | 1986-10-22 | 1986-12-04 | M.A.N.- Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 6050 Offenbach | Schaltantrieb für die Farbkastenwalze einer Druckmaschine |
JP2668790B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-14 | 1997-10-27 | 東芝機械株式会社 | インキ移しロールの揺動制御装置 |
JP2659768B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-31 | 1997-09-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 印刷機のインキローラ用駆動装置 |
DD276455A1 (de) * | 1988-10-31 | 1990-02-28 | Polygraph Leipzig | Heberfarbwerk fuer schnellaufende rollen-rotationsdruckmaschinen |
US5090315A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-02-25 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Electronically controllable ink fountain roll drive system, and method |
-
1994
- 1994-04-11 EP EP94105540A patent/EP0623468B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-11 DE DE59402113T patent/DE59402113D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-11 AT AT94105540T patent/ATE150375T1/de active
- 1994-04-11 ES ES94105540T patent/ES2100592T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 US US08/237,076 patent/US5493970A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-06 JP JP6094548A patent/JP2695382B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-09-26 US US08/533,678 patent/US5566613A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19940532B4 (de) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-02-08 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Druckmaschine mit einem Heberfarbwerk |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2695382B2 (ja) | 1997-12-24 |
JPH0747662A (ja) | 1995-02-21 |
EP0623468A1 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
DE59402113D1 (de) | 1997-04-24 |
ES2100592T3 (es) | 1997-06-16 |
US5493970A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
US5566613A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
ATE150375T1 (de) | 1997-04-15 |
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