EP0612643B1 - Monitoring device for a safety related vehicle part - Google Patents
Monitoring device for a safety related vehicle part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0612643B1 EP0612643B1 EP94102437A EP94102437A EP0612643B1 EP 0612643 B1 EP0612643 B1 EP 0612643B1 EP 94102437 A EP94102437 A EP 94102437A EP 94102437 A EP94102437 A EP 94102437A EP 0612643 B1 EP0612643 B1 EP 0612643B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air bag
- temperature
- bag system
- computer
- aging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
- G07C5/006—Indicating maintenance
Definitions
- the invention relates to an airbag system with a device for determining and displaying the temperature-dependent aging limit of an airbag system part.
- a device for monitoring a safety-relevant element of a motor vehicle with an electronic computer and with at least one measuring signal transmitter for detecting the temperature or ambient temperature of the safety-relevant element, the computer being designed to receive the temperature measuring signal and to determine aging of the safety-relevant element from the time profile of the temperature measurement signal.
- the hydraulic system of a construction machine can the oil temperature of a working cylinder is recorded during the operation of the construction machine in order to determine the temperature-dependent reduction in the service life of an oil seal, for example, and thereby prevent accidents and downtimes.
- on-board computers for motor vehicles in which, for example, the wear load of the (combustion or electric) engine, given by temperature and rotational speed, is recorded by maintenance intervals for the motor vehicle not simply to be determined and displayed based on the kilometers traveled, but according to the actual stress.
- a vehicle engine should be regarded as a safety-relevant element, which is justified in connection with power steering, brake booster, overtaking maneuvers, etc.).
- a driving kilometer at Such on-board computers weight evenly driving at medium speed on the freeway less than a kilometer in low gears at high speed. Acceleration kilometers may count several times. Depending on the driving style, the end of the standard interval, expressed in kilometers, between two vehicle inspections is only reached later or earlier than with a simple odometer.
- Such on-board computers also monitor maintenance intervals, which are expressed in terms of time, for example 12-month periods for annual inspections. This monitoring is necessary because e.g. Certain fuels are to be changed after specified periods of time regardless of the actual use of the motor vehicle, e.g. Engine oil after one year, brake and coolant after two years, because these substances will age (e.g. oxidize or absorb water) - even when the vehicle is at a standstill - and therefore, in the worst case, no longer perform their functions.
- the periods mentioned are conventionally e.g. by simply counting regular pulses, which are derived from the vibrations of a quartz crystal, for example.
- the aging of an element depends not only on the elapsing time, but also on the physical load on the element.
- a mathematical relationship between load and aging is known as a theoretical formula, namely in the form of the Arrhenius equation, as is evaluated further below in the detailed description of an exemplary embodiment.
- continuous, time-dependent aging processes are mostly monitored on a pure time basis, either because a regular one (For example, annual or biennial) replacement of an affected element is economically acceptable and sufficient in terms of safety, or because aging occurs so slowly despite physical stress that the life limit of the affected element does not fall below the useful life of the motor vehicle.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an airbag system with a device for monitoring a safety-relevant element of a motor vehicle, which allows an expensive safety-relevant element, which is subject to non-negligible aging, to be replaced without a loss of safety after a long period of time.
- this monitoring should be extended to a safety-relevant system, the susceptibility to aging of which had not yet been recognized.
- the measures according to the invention have the advantage that the service life limit of the safety-relevant airbag system in a motor vehicle is determined precisely as a function of temperature, and therefore - in contrast to a purely time measurement - this limit can be fully utilized without an oversized safety discount and nevertheless without loss of safety. As a result, maximum economic use of the safety-relevant airbag system part is achieved without endangering its safe availability.
- the temperature-dependent determination of the true aging allows the full and yet risk-free utilization of the individual life limit of the airbag.
- the computer is preferably designed to weight and integrate the length of life intervals of the airbag system part as a function of the respective measurement signal which indicates the instantaneous temperature load.
- the element ages in a time interval with a temperature load above the nominal temperature by a larger value than would correspond to the length of the interval.
- the continuously determined aging is compared with a nominal service life limit that applies to the nominal temperature.
- the weighting factors for the lifetime intervals are preferably determined as a function of the measurement signal present in each case from a characteristic curve, in particular an Arrhenius formula, the constants of which are stored in the computer's memory.
- the weighting factors for the lifetime intervals can also be stored as a function of the measurement signal in tabular form in the memory of the computer.
- the constants or table values applicable to the element to be monitored are empirically determined in advance, for example, and then programmed into the memory of the computer. This is discussed in more detail in the description of an exemplary embodiment.
- An on-board computer that may be provided for the motor vehicle can advantageously also be used as a computer.
- the computer When the life-time limit of the monitored safety-relevant airbag system part is approached or reached, the computer preferably outputs a warning signal.
- the computer outputs a blocking signal when the service life limit is reached, which limits the number of subsequent start-ups of the motor vehicle and / or its speed in order to take into account the safety risk that has arisen when the service life limit of the safety-relevant airbag system part has been reached.
- the formula allows aging tests to be carried out for a given element / material at an elevated temperature and therefore at an increased rate in order to empirically determine the constants of the equation relatively quickly. These then enable the associated slower aging to be calculated quickly for lower temperatures, the experimental determination of which would require very lengthy tests.
- the temperature-dependent, true aging of an airbag can now be monitored continuously, for example, over 24 hours as follows.
- a microprocessor as a computer registers associated value pairs of temperature and time intervals with the aid of a temperature probe scanning the built-in airbag module. For example, the calculator captures the length of a time interval that elapses until there is a temperature change of 2 ° C. The recorded length of the time interval is then weighted as a function of the prevailing temperature and added to the previously recorded and weighted interval lengths, so that the true age of the monitored element is continuously available and with the nominal service life limit required for a certain nominal temperature (e.g. 25 ° C) applies, can be compared.
- a certain nominal temperature e.g. 25 ° C
- the weighting of a time interval t as a function of the prevailing temperature T is preferably carried out by converting the time interval to the theoretical, equivalent time period which would have to elapse in order to bring about an equally strong aging at the nominal temperature.
- the curve with the round measuring points shows an assumed 24-hour temperature curve of an airbag module installed in a steering wheel.
- the time of day is plotted on the abscissa and the temperature (in ° C) is plotted on the left ordinate.
- the temperature is below 30 ° C, then it rises rapidly in the sun for a parked motor vehicle, for example, and reaches a peak of over 80 ° C.
- the temperature does not drop again until 6 p.m.
- the exact course of the temperature - in 2 ° steps - and the associated time interval lengths can be found in the continuous numerical list according to FIG. 4 (columns 1 and 2).
- the aging curve numerically listed in FIG. 4 is also shown graphically in FIG. 3 (star-shaped curve points).
- the equivalent aging (in days) is plotted on the right ordinate above the time of day.
- the aging behavior of the gas generator i.e. of the explosive propellant for the airbag system.
- the specific aging behavior of the gas generator must be determined separately and the resulting constants fed into the computer. The calculations are based on the same formulas.
- climatic influences can have a major impact on the aging of airbag components.
- the invention offers the advantage of taking these influences into account in a calculable manner; This eliminates uncertainties and still protects economic aspects.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Airbagsystem mit einer Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und Anzeige der temperaturabhängigen Alterungsgrenze eines Airbagsystemteils.The invention relates to an airbag system with a device for determining and displaying the temperature-dependent aging limit of an airbag system part.
Aus der EP-A-0 092 123 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines sicherheitsrelevanten Elements eines Kraftfahrzeugs bekannt, mit einem elektronischen Rechner und mit mindestens einem Meßsignalgeber zum Erfassen der Temperatur oder Umgebungstemperatur des sicherheitsrelevanten Elements, wobei der Rechner ausgebildet ist, das Temperaturmeßsignal zu empfangen und aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf des Temperaturmeßsignals eine Alterung des sicherheitsrelevanten Elements zu ermitteln. Nach diesem Stand der Technik kann im Hydrauliksystem einer Baumaschine u.a. die Öltemperatur eines Arbeitszylinders während des Betriebs der Baumaschine erfaßt werden, um die temperaturabhängige Verringerung der Lebensdauer etwa einer Öldichtung zu ermitteln und dadurch Unfällen und Stillstandszeiten vorzubeugen.From EP-A-0 092 123 a device for monitoring a safety-relevant element of a motor vehicle is known, with an electronic computer and with at least one measuring signal transmitter for detecting the temperature or ambient temperature of the safety-relevant element, the computer being designed to receive the temperature measuring signal and to determine aging of the safety-relevant element from the time profile of the temperature measurement signal. According to this state of the art, the hydraulic system of a construction machine can the oil temperature of a working cylinder is recorded during the operation of the construction machine in order to determine the temperature-dependent reduction in the service life of an oil seal, for example, and thereby prevent accidents and downtimes.
Ferner bekannt sind Bordcomputer für Kraftfahrzeuge, bei denen etwa die durch Temperatur und Drehzahl gegebene Verschleißbelastung des (Verbrennungs- oder Elektro)-Motors erfaßt wird, um Wartungsintervalle für das Kraftfahrzeug nicht einfach nach zurückgelegten Kilometern, sondern nach tatsächlicher Beanspruchung zu bestimmen und anzuzeigen. (Ein Fahrzeugmotor sei hierbei als sicherheitsrelevantes Element anzusehen, was im Zusammenhang mit Servolenkung, Bremskraftverstärkung, Überholmanövern etc. berechtigt ist). Ein Fahrkilometer bei gleichmäßiger Autobahnfahrt mit mittlerer Drehzahl wird von solchen Bordcomputern geringer gewichtet als ein Fahrkilometer in niedrigen Gängen bei hoher Drehzahl. Beschleunigungskilometer zählen unter Umständen mehrfach. Das Ende des in Kilometern ausgedrückten Norm-Intervalls zwischen zwei Kraftfahrzeuginspektionen wird dadurch je nach Fahrweise erst später bzw. schon früher als bei einfacher Kilometerzählung erreicht.Also known are on-board computers for motor vehicles, in which, for example, the wear load of the (combustion or electric) engine, given by temperature and rotational speed, is recorded by maintenance intervals for the motor vehicle not simply to be determined and displayed based on the kilometers traveled, but according to the actual stress. (A vehicle engine should be regarded as a safety-relevant element, which is justified in connection with power steering, brake booster, overtaking maneuvers, etc.). A driving kilometer at Such on-board computers weight evenly driving at medium speed on the freeway less than a kilometer in low gears at high speed. Acceleration kilometers may count several times. Depending on the driving style, the end of the standard interval, expressed in kilometers, between two vehicle inspections is only reached later or earlier than with a simple odometer.
Daneben werden von solchen Bordcomputern auch Wartungsintervalle überwacht, die in Zeitgrößen ausgedrückt werden, zum Beispiel 12-Monatsfristen für Jahresinspektionen. Diese Überwachung ist erforderlich, weil z.B. bestimmte Betriebsstoffe unabhängig vom tatsächlichen Einsatz des Kraftfahrzeugs auf jeden Fall nach vorgegebenen Zeitspannen gewechselt werden sollen, z.B. Motoröl nach einem Jahr, Brems- und Kühlflüssigkeit nach zwei Jahren, da diese Stoffe auf jeden Fall - selbst bei Stillstand des Fahrzeugs - altern (z.B. oxidieren oder Wasser aufnehmen) und dadurch im ungünstigsten Fall ihre Funktionen nicht mehr erfüllen. Die genannten Zeitspannen werden herkömmlicherweise z.B. durch einfache Zählung regelmäßiger Impulse, die etwa aus den Schwingungen eines Quarzkristalls abgeleitet werden, gemessen.In addition, such on-board computers also monitor maintenance intervals, which are expressed in terms of time, for example 12-month periods for annual inspections. This monitoring is necessary because e.g. Certain fuels are to be changed after specified periods of time regardless of the actual use of the motor vehicle, e.g. Engine oil after one year, brake and coolant after two years, because these substances will age (e.g. oxidize or absorb water) - even when the vehicle is at a standstill - and therefore, in the worst case, no longer perform their functions. The periods mentioned are conventionally e.g. by simply counting regular pulses, which are derived from the vibrations of a quartz crystal, for example.
Die Alterung eines Elements hängt aber nicht nur von der verstreichenden Zeit, sondern auch von der physikalischen Belastung des Elements ab. Für den Fall einer Temperaturbelastung ist ein mathematischer Zusammenhang zwischen Belastung und Alterung als theoretische Formel bekannt, nämlich in Form der Arrhenius-Gleichung, wie sie weiter unten in der näheren Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels ausgewertet wird. In der bisherigen Praxis des Kraftfahrzeugbaus werden fortlaufende, zeitabhängige Alterungsprozesse jedoch meist auf reiner Zeitbasis überwacht, entweder weil eine regelmäßige (z.B. jährliche oder zweijährliche) Auswechslung eines betroffenen Elements wirtschaftlich hinnehmbar und sicherheitstechnisch ausreichend ist, oder weil die Alterung trotz physikalischer Belastung so langsam erfolgt, daß die Lebensdauergrenze des betroffenen Elements gar nicht unter die Nutzungsdauer des Kraftfahrzeugs sinkt.The aging of an element depends not only on the elapsing time, but also on the physical load on the element. In the case of a temperature load, a mathematical relationship between load and aging is known as a theoretical formula, namely in the form of the Arrhenius equation, as is evaluated further below in the detailed description of an exemplary embodiment. In the previous practice of motor vehicle construction, however, continuous, time-dependent aging processes are mostly monitored on a pure time basis, either because a regular one (For example, annual or biennial) replacement of an affected element is economically acceptable and sufficient in terms of safety, or because aging occurs so slowly despite physical stress that the life limit of the affected element does not fall below the useful life of the motor vehicle.
Bei aufwendigen, teuren Elementen, die sicherheitsrelevant sind und einer nicht vernachlässigbaren Alterung unterliegen, wirft eine vorsorgliche Erneuerung in regelmäßigen kurzen Zeitabständen jedoch wirtschaftliche Probleme auf, während eine in großern Zeitabständen erfolgende Erneuerung zwar weniger aufwendig, dafür aber sicherheitstechnisch bedenklich ist.In the case of complex, expensive elements that are safety-relevant and are subject to non-negligible aging, precautionary renewal at regular short intervals, however, poses economic problems, while renewal that takes place at larger intervals is less complex, but is safety-related.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Bereitsstellung eines Airbagsystems mit einer Vorrichtung zum Überwachen eines sicherheitsrelevanten Elements eines Kraftfahrzeugs, die es erlaubt, ein teures sicherheitsrelevantes Element, das einer nicht vernachlässigbaren Alterung unterliegt, ohne Einbuße an Sicherheit erst nach einer möglichst langen Zeitspanne auszuwechseln. Insbesondere soll diese Überwachung auf ein sicherheitsrelevantes System erstreckt werden, dessen Alterungsanfälligkeit bisher noch nicht erkannt worden war.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an airbag system with a device for monitoring a safety-relevant element of a motor vehicle, which allows an expensive safety-relevant element, which is subject to non-negligible aging, to be replaced without a loss of safety after a long period of time. In particular, this monitoring should be extended to a safety-relevant system, the susceptibility to aging of which had not yet been recognized.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features specified in
Es ist eine wichtige, der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Erkenntnis, daß die Alterung eines Airbags deutlich von der Temperatur abhängt, der er ausgesetzt ist, und daß die Lebensdauergrenze des Airbags, insbesondere seines normalerweise zusammengefalteten Hüllmaterials, unter dem Einfluß hoher Temperatur weit unter die Nutzungsdauer eines Kraftfahrzeugs, in das er eingebaut ist, absinken kann, so daß sein sicheres Funktionieren nicht über die gesamte Nutzungsdauer des Kraftfahrzeugs gewährleistet ist. Wenn man bedenkt, welch hohe Temperaturen im Inneren eines Kraftfahrzeugs und insbesondere im Inneren des einen Airbag aufnehmenden, normalerweise dunkel gefärbten Lenkrades unter Sonneneinstrahlung - auch beim Parken, d.h. im Fahrzeugstillstand - auftreten können, wird ersichtlich, daß dieses Problem von großer Tragweite ist und den Fachmann vor das Dilemma stellt, daß einerseits eine häufige vorsorgliche Auswechslung des Airbags wirtschaftlich sehr aufwendig ist, andererseits aber eine unterlassene oder verzögerte Auswechslung unter Sicherheitsgesichtspunkten unverantwortlich sein kann.It is an important finding that underlies the invention that the aging of an airbag depends significantly on the temperature to which it is exposed and that the life limit of the airbag, particularly its normally folded wrapping material, under the influence of high temperature far below the useful life of an airbag Motor vehicle in which it is installed can sink, so that its safe functioning is not guaranteed over the entire service life of the motor vehicle. If you consider the high temperatures inside a motor vehicle and in particular inside the airbag-receiving, normally dark-colored steering wheel under the sun's rays - even when parking, i.e. when the vehicle is stationary - it can be seen that this problem is of great importance and presents the expert with the dilemma that on the one hand a frequent precautionary replacement of the airbag is economically very complex, but on the other hand an omitted or delayed replacement can be irresponsible from a safety point of view.
Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die Lebensdauergrenze des sicherheitsrelevanten Airbagsystems in einem Kraftfahrzeug temperaturabhängig genau ermittelt wird und daher - im Gegensatz zu einer reinen Zeitmessung - diese Grenze ohne überdimensionierten Sicherheitsabschlag und trotzdem ohne Einbuße an Sicherheit voll ausgenutzt werden kann. Dadurch wird eine maximale wirtschaftliche Nutzung des sicherheitsrelevanten Airbagsystemteils erreicht, ohne dessen sichere Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden. Die temperaturabhängige Ermittlung der wahren Alterung erlaubt die volle und trotzdem risikolose Ausnutzung der individuellen Lebensdauergrenze des Airbags.The measures according to the invention have the advantage that the service life limit of the safety-relevant airbag system in a motor vehicle is determined precisely as a function of temperature, and therefore - in contrast to a purely time measurement - this limit can be fully utilized without an oversized safety discount and nevertheless without loss of safety. As a result, maximum economic use of the safety-relevant airbag system part is achieved without endangering its safe availability. The temperature-dependent determination of the true aging allows the full and yet risk-free utilization of the individual life limit of the airbag.
Zur praktischen Ermittlung der Alterung des überwachten Airbagsystemteils - sei seines Stoffmaterials oder seines Gastreibsatzes - ist der Rechner vorzugsweise ausgebildet, die Länge von Lebenszeitintervallen des Airbagsystemteils als Funktion des jeweils anliegenden, die augenblickliche Temperaturbelastung angebenden Meßsignals zu gewichten und aufzuintegrieren. Dies bedeutet beispielsweise, daß ein Zeitintervall mit einer Temperaturbelastung unterhalb einer bestimmten Nenn-Temperatur, für welche die Nenn-Lebensdauer eines Airbagelements definiert ist, in die Alterung des Elements mit einem geringeren Wert eingeht, als es der Länge des Intervalls entspräche. Umgekehrt altert das Element in einem Zeitintervall mit Temperaturbelastung oberhalb der Nenn-Temperatur um einen größeren Wert, als es der Länge des Intervalls entspräche. Die fortlaufend ermittelte Alterung wird jeweils mit einer Nenn-Lebensdauergrenze, die für die Nenn-Temperatur gilt, verglichen.For practical determination of the aging of the monitored airbag system part - be it its material material or its gas propellant charge - the computer is preferably designed to weight and integrate the length of life intervals of the airbag system part as a function of the respective measurement signal which indicates the instantaneous temperature load. This means, for example, that a time interval with a temperature load below a certain nominal temperature, for which the nominal service life of an airbag element is defined, enters into the aging of the element with a value that is less than the length of the interval. Conversely, the element ages in a time interval with a temperature load above the nominal temperature by a larger value than would correspond to the length of the interval. The continuously determined aging is compared with a nominal service life limit that applies to the nominal temperature.
Die Gewichtungsfaktoren für die Lebenszeitintervalle werden vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit vom jeweils anliegenden Meßsignal aus einer charakteristischen Kennlinie, insbesondere Arrhenius-Formel, ermittelt, deren Konstanten im Speicher des Rechners hinterlegt sind. Die Gewichtungsfaktoren für die Lebenszeitintervalle können aber auch als Funktion des Meßsignals in Tabellenform im Speicher des Rechners hinterlegt sein. Die für das zu überwachende Element geltenden Konstanten bzw. Tabellenwerte werden vorab zum Beispiel empirisch ermittelt und dann in den Speicher des Rechners einprogrammiert. Hierauf wird in der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher eingegangen.The weighting factors for the lifetime intervals are preferably determined as a function of the measurement signal present in each case from a characteristic curve, in particular an Arrhenius formula, the constants of which are stored in the computer's memory. The weighting factors for the lifetime intervals can also be stored as a function of the measurement signal in tabular form in the memory of the computer. The constants or table values applicable to the element to be monitored are empirically determined in advance, for example, and then programmed into the memory of the computer. This is discussed in more detail in the description of an exemplary embodiment.
Als Rechner kann vorteilhaft ein für das Kraftfahrzeug eventuell ohnehin vorgesehener Bordcomputer mitgenutzt werden. Bei Nahen oder Erreichen der Lebensdauergrenze des überwachten sicherheitsrelevanten Airbagsystemteils gibt der Rechner vorzugsweise ein Warnsignal aus. Darüber hinaus kann zum Beispiel vorgesehen werden, daß der Rechner bei Erreichen der Lebensdauergrenze ein Sperrsignal ausgibt, das die Anzahl der darauffolgenden Inbetriebsetzungen des Kraftfahrzeugs und/oder dessen Geschwindigkeit beschränkt, um dem durch Erreichen der Lebensdauergrenze des sicherheitsrelevanten Airbagsystemteils eingetretenen Sicherheitsrisiko Rechnung zu tragen.An on-board computer that may be provided for the motor vehicle can advantageously also be used as a computer. When the life-time limit of the monitored safety-relevant airbag system part is approached or reached, the computer preferably outputs a warning signal. In addition, it can be provided, for example, that the computer outputs a blocking signal when the service life limit is reached, which limits the number of subsequent start-ups of the motor vehicle and / or its speed in order to take into account the safety risk that has arisen when the service life limit of the safety-relevant airbag system part has been reached.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand eines zeichnerisch veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1
- eine graphische Darstellung empirisch ermittelter Alterungsdaten für ein typisches Airbagmaterial;
- Fig. 2
- eine linearisierte Darstellung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Temperatur und Alterung;
- Fig. 3
- einen Alterungsverlauf eines Airbagstoffs im Laufe einer variablen starken Temperaturbelastung über 24 Stunden; und
- Fig. 4a und 4b
- eine vollständige Liste der numerischen Berechnung des in Fig. 3 gezeigten Alterungsverlaufs.
- Fig. 1
- a graphical representation of empirically determined aging data for a typical airbag material;
- Fig. 2
- a linearized representation of the relationship between temperature and aging;
- Fig. 3
- an aging course of an airbag fabric in the course of a variable high temperature load over 24 hours; and
- 4a and 4b
- a complete list of the numerical calculation of the aging course shown in FIG. 3.
An einem in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingebauten Airbagsystem wird die temperaturabhängige Alterung eines sicherheitsrelevanten Systemteils, in diesem Fall des Airbagstoffs, näher untersucht.On an airbag system installed in a motor vehicle, the temperature-dependent aging of a safety-relevant system part, in this case the airbag fabric, examined in more detail.
Die Alterungsformel nach Arrhenius lautet:
- K
- = Geschwindigkeit der Alterung/Eigenschaftsänderung,
- A
- = Konstante,
- Ea
- = Aktivierungsenergie,
- R
- = universelle Gaskonstante,
- T
- = Temperatur in Kelvin,
- *
- = Multiplikationsoperator,
- **
- = Exponentiationsoperator.
- K
- = Speed of aging / property change,
- A
- = Constant,
- Ea
- = Activation energy,
- R
- = universal gas constant,
- T
- = Temperature in Kelvin,
- *
- = Multiplication operator,
- **
- = Exponentiation operator.
Die Formel erlaubt es insbesondere, für ein gegebenes Element/Material zunächst Alterungsversuche bei erhöhter Temperatur und dadurch mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit durchzuführen, um die Konstanten der Gleichung relativ rasch empirisch zu ermitteln. Diese ermöglichen dann für niedrigere Temperaturen eine rasche Berechnung der zugehörigen langsameren Alterungen, deren experimentelle Ermittlung sehr langwierige Versuche erfordern würde.In particular, the formula allows aging tests to be carried out for a given element / material at an elevated temperature and therefore at an increased rate in order to empirically determine the constants of the equation relatively quickly. These then enable the associated slower aging to be calculated quickly for lower temperatures, the experimental determination of which would require very lengthy tests.
Für einen typischen Airbagstoff wurden bei hohen Temperaturen folgende Laborergebnisse hinsichtlich der Alterung ermittelt, wobei die der Temperaturangabe jeweils zugeordnete Zeitangabe bedeutet, daß bei der gegebenen Temperatur eine Eigenschaftsänderung des Airbagstoffs um 30% (festgelegt) nach der angegebenen Zahl von Tagen auftrat:
Eine graphische Darstellung dieser Wertepaare ist Fig. 1 entnehmbar.A graphical representation of these pairs of values can be seen in FIG. 1.
Durch Umformung der Gleichung (1) erhält man:
Setzt man
A' und Ea/R werden durch statistische Regressionsrechnung ermittelt. Bei einem Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,9998 ergibt sich für A' = 15,8 und für
Durch Umformung der Gleichung (2) läßt sich die Lebensdauergrenze wie folgt vorausberechnen:
Bezogen auf 25°C ergibt sich t = 5793 Tage = 15,8 Jahre. Zum Vergleich: bei 30°C gilt t = 10,6 Jahre. Bei noch höheren Temperaturen kann also durchaus die Lebensdauergrenze eines Airbags die gewöhnliche Nutzungsdauer eines Kraftfahrzeugs unterschreiten.Based on 25 ° C, t = 5793 days = 15.8 years. For comparison: at 30 ° C t = 10.6 years. At even higher temperatures, the service life limit of an airbag may well be less than the normal service life of a motor vehicle.
Die temperaturabhängige, wahre Alterung eines Airbags kann nun beispielsweise über 24 Stunden hinweg wie folgt fortlaufend überwacht werden.The temperature-dependent, true aging of an airbag can now be monitored continuously, for example, over 24 hours as follows.
Ein Mikroprozessor als Rechner registriert mit Hilfe einer das eingebaute Airbagmodul abtastenden Temperatursonde zusammengehörige Wertepaare von Temperatur- und Zeit-Intervallen. Zum Beispiel erfaßt der Rechner jeweils die Länge eines Zeitintervalls, das verstreicht, bis es zu einer Temperaturänderung von 2°C kommt. Die erfaßte Länge des Zeitintervalls wird dann in Abhängigkeit von der jeweils herrschenden Temperatur gewichtet und zu den bereits vorher erfaßten und gewichteten Intervall-Längen aufaddiert, so daß fortlaufend das wahre Alter des überwachten Elements rechnerisch zur Verfügung steht und mit der Nenn-Lebensdauergrenze, die für eine bestimmte Nenn-Temperatur (z.B. 25°C) gilt, verglichen werden kann.A microprocessor as a computer registers associated value pairs of temperature and time intervals with the aid of a temperature probe scanning the built-in airbag module. For example, the calculator captures the length of a time interval that elapses until there is a temperature change of 2 ° C. The recorded length of the time interval is then weighted as a function of the prevailing temperature and added to the previously recorded and weighted interval lengths, so that the true age of the monitored element is continuously available and with the nominal service life limit required for a certain nominal temperature (e.g. 25 ° C) applies, can be compared.
Die Gewichtung eines Zeitintervalls t in Abhängigkeit von der jeweils herrschenden Temperatur T erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Umrechnung des Zeitintervalls auf die theoretische, äquivalente Zeitspanne, die verstreichen müßte, um eine gleich starke Alterung bei Nenn-Temperatur zu bewirken. Die Nenn-Temperatur betrage z.B. 25°C; für die auf diese Temperatur umgerechnete theoretische, äquivalente Zeitspanne t25 gilt dann aufgrund Gleichung (3) die Beziehung
Es wird nun Fig. 3 Bezug genommen. Darin zeigt die Kurve mit den runden Meßpunkten einen als Beispiel angenommenen 24-stündigen Temperaturverlauf eines in einem Lenkrad eingebauten Airbagmoduls. Auf der Abszisse ist die Tageszeit und auf der linken Ordinate die Temperatur (in °C) aufgetragen. Zwischen null Uhr und zehn Uhr morgens liegt die Temperatur unter 30°C, dann steigt sie unter Sonneneinstrahlung für ein z.B. geparktes Kraftfahrzeug rasch an und erreicht in der Spitze über 80°C. Erst ab 18:00 Uhr fällt die Temperatur wieder ab. Der genaue Verlauf der Temperatur - in 2°-Schritten - und die zugehörigen Zeitintervall-Längen sind aus der fortlaufenden numerischen Liste gemäß Fig. 4 zu entnehmen (Spalten 1 und 2).3, reference is now made. In it, the curve with the round measuring points shows an assumed 24-hour temperature curve of an airbag module installed in a steering wheel. The time of day is plotted on the abscissa and the temperature (in ° C) is plotted on the left ordinate. Between midnight and ten o'clock in the morning the temperature is below 30 ° C, then it rises rapidly in the sun for a parked motor vehicle, for example, and reaches a peak of over 80 ° C. The temperature does not drop again until 6 p.m. The exact course of the temperature - in 2 ° steps - and the associated time interval lengths can be found in the continuous numerical list according to FIG. 4 (
Spalte 3 der Liste nach Fig. 4 gibt zu jedem Temperatur/Zeit-Paar die äquivalente, auf Nenn-Temperatur (25°C) umgerechnete Alterungszeit an. Zum Beispiel entsprechen sechs Stunden bei 20°C nur einer äquivalenten Alterung von 0,16471 Tagen = 3,95304 Stunden. Andererseits entsprechen 4,385 Stunden bei 84°C einer äquivalenten Alterung von 10,39724 Tagen.Column 3 of the list according to FIG. 4 shows the equivalent aging time converted to nominal temperature (25 ° C.) for each temperature / time pair. For example, six hours at 20 ° C corresponds to an equivalent aging of 0.16471 days = 3.95304 hours. On the other hand, 4.385 hours at 84 ° C correspond to an equivalent aging of 10.39724 days.
Spalte 4 der Liste nach Fig. 4 summiert alle äquivalenten Alterungszeiten auf, und am Ende dieses einen, für den Airbag aber sehr belastungsreichen Tages resultiert eine äquivalente Alterung von 17,9171 Tagen. Die verbleibende Nenn-Lebensdauer verkürzt sich entsprechend stark.Column 4 of the list according to FIG. 4 sums up all the equivalent aging times, and at the end of this one day, which is very stressful for the airbag, there results an equivalent aging of 17.9171 days. The remaining nominal service life is shortened accordingly.
Der in Fig. 4 numerisch aufgelistete Alterungsverlauf ist in Fig. 3 auch graphisch dargestellt (sternförmige Kurvenpunkte). Über der Tageszeit ist auf der rechten Ordinate die äquivalente Alterung (in Tagen) aufgetragen.The aging curve numerically listed in FIG. 4 is also shown graphically in FIG. 3 (star-shaped curve points). The equivalent aging (in days) is plotted on the right ordinate above the time of day.
Nach dem gleichen Prinzip kann durch eine entsprechende Meßsonde das Alterungsverhalten des Gasgenerators, d.h. des Explosivtreibsatzes für das Airbagsystem, überwacht werden. Das spezifische Alterungsverhalten des Gasgenerators ist zu diesem Zweck gesondert zu ermitteln und die sich ergebenden Konstanten in den Rechner einzuspeisen. Die Berechnungen basieren dabei auf den gleichen Formeln.According to the same principle, the aging behavior of the gas generator, i.e. of the explosive propellant for the airbag system. For this purpose, the specific aging behavior of the gas generator must be determined separately and the resulting constants fed into the computer. The calculations are based on the same formulas.
Wie ersichtlich, können klimatische Einflüsse eine große Auswirkung auf die Alterung von Airbagkomponenten haben. Die Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, diese Einflüsse berechenbar zu berücksichtigen; dadurch werden Unsicherheiten ausgeschaltet und dabei wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte dennoch gewahrt.As can be seen, climatic influences can have a major impact on the aging of airbag components. The invention offers the advantage of taking these influences into account in a calculable manner; This eliminates uncertainties and still protects economic aspects.
Claims (10)
- An air bag system including a device for determining and indicating the temperature-relevant aging limit of an air bag system component, comprising a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature or ambient temperature of said air bag system component and an electronic computer, said computer being configured to continually receive a sensing signal of said temperature sensor, to establish continually from the time profile of said sensing signal a temperature-related aging of said air bag system component, to compare the established aging to a predetermined aging limit of said air bag system component and to output at the latest an output signal when said aging limit is attained.
- The air bag system as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that said computer is configured to receive and to process said temperature sensing signal also during interruptions of motor vehicle operation.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said temperature sensor is configured to sense the temperature or ambient temperature of the air bag material.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said computer is configured to weight and sum up the length of lifetime intervals of said air bag system component as a function of the temperature sensing signal applied in each case.
- The air bag system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that said computer is configured to establish the weighting factors for said lifetime intervals as a function of the temperature sensing signal applied in each case from a characteristic curve, more particularly Arrhenius formula, the constants of which are held in the memory of the computer.
- The air bag system as set forth in claim 4, characterized in that said weighting factors for the lifetime intervals as a function of the temperature sensing signal are held in tabular form in the memory or said computer.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said computer is an on-board computer for said motor vehicle.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said computer is configured to output a warning signal at the latest when said lifetime limit is attained.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said computer is configured to output a lockout signal when said lifetime limit is attained, this signal restricting the number of subsequent starting operations of said motor vehicle and/or the speed thereof.
- The air bag system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said temperature sensor is configured to sense the temperature or ambient temperature of an inflator for said air bag.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4305172 | 1993-02-19 | ||
DE4305172A DE4305172A1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1993-02-19 | Device for monitoring a safety-relevant element of a motor vehicle |
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EP0612643A1 EP0612643A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
EP0612643B1 true EP0612643B1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
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EP94102437A Expired - Lifetime EP0612643B1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1994-02-17 | Monitoring device for a safety related vehicle part |
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-
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- 1993-02-19 DE DE4305172A patent/DE4305172A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-02-17 DE DE59404292T patent/DE59404292D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-17 EP EP94102437A patent/EP0612643B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0612643A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
DE59404292D1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
DE4305172A1 (en) | 1994-08-25 |
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