EP0602040B1 - Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation - Google Patents
Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0602040B1 EP0602040B1 EP92909172A EP92909172A EP0602040B1 EP 0602040 B1 EP0602040 B1 EP 0602040B1 EP 92909172 A EP92909172 A EP 92909172A EP 92909172 A EP92909172 A EP 92909172A EP 0602040 B1 EP0602040 B1 EP 0602040B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- condensate
- turbine
- pipe
- low
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
- F01K13/025—Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation mode, the rotor of the steam turbine being rotated without being subjected to steam to be expanded.
- Such ventilation operation comes, for. B. before in a multi-housing turbo set, in which a possibility for dissipating the steam otherwise to be relaxed in the low pressure turbine into a heating heat exchanger or the like is provided in front of a low pressure steam turbine.
- a multi-housing turbo set it is common to couple the rotors of the individual turbines to one another and to connect them rigidly to the shaft of a generator or the like. Accordingly, all turbines of the turbo set rotate synchronously, including turbines that, for example, do not operate in power mode due to a different use of the steam.
- condensate is injected into the outlet or, if the cooling capacity to be used must be particularly high, into the inlet of the turbine with atomization.
- the condensate evaporates with a drop in temperature and is therefore able to cool the ventilating turbine.
- Disadvantageous is that the cooling effect of the condensate injected at the outlet of the turbine is severely limited, or that the injection of condensate at the inlet of the turbine leads to an undesirable strong cooling of the turbine shaft. On the one hand, this greatly increases the cooling capacity to be used, and on the other, the turbine shaft is subjected to undesirable stresses due to the cooling.
- the cooling effect is also often restricted to parts of the turbine in the vicinity of the outlet; If the injection is carried out at the inlet, condensate, which agglomerates in the area of the inlet, can endanger the blading of the turbine through surge formation.
- Thermal power plants with steam turbines are described for example in DE-OS 14 26 887 and DE 34 06 071 A1; the latter document relates specifically to cooling measures in a steam turbine, but cooling measures that aim at the power operation of the steam turbines.
- Information on the design of multi-housing steam turbine sets can be found, for example, in EP 0 213 297 B1, relating specifically to connecting means between the housings of a turbo set.
- General information on the implementation of steam power plants can be found in the "Handbook Series Energy", published by Thomas Bohn, Technical Publishing House Resch, Graefelfing, and Publishing House TÜV-Rhineland, Cologne - see in particular Volume 5, "Concept and Construction of Steam Power Plants", published in 1985.
- a condenser for the water-steam cycle of a power plant is described in DE 37 17 521 A1.
- US Pat. No. 3,173,654 shows a method for cooling a steam turbine in ventilation mode, condensate being injected into the steam turbine through a special distributor pipe arrangement for cooling.
- the invention is based on the task of specifying the most efficient and gentle cooling of a steam turbine in ventilation mode.
- the inventive method for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation operation which low-pressure steam turbine has a shut-off inlet through which steam can be delivered for power operation and which is shut off in ventilation operation, an outlet which communicates with a condenser for condensing the steam to condensate, and has a tap between the inlet and the outlet, to which a tap line for discharging steam and / or condensate to a preheater is connected in power operation, is characterized in that by steam transfer of the tap line, and thus the tap, steam is delivered.
- the steam introduced into the low-pressure steam turbine at the tap advantageously carries a certain proportion of finely divided condensate drops with it, since such condensate drops evaporate in the low-pressure steam turbine and can absorb considerable amounts of heat.
- a steam-condensate mixture can be obtained directly by removing the steam to be fed to the low-pressure steam turbine at a suitable location in the thermal power plant, by expanding the steam on the way to the tap or by providing the steam with condensate.
- the inlet of the low-pressure turbine to be cooled according to the invention immediately has a shut-off device - the inlet of the low-pressure turbine can also be shut off by connecting a medium-pressure turbine upstream of the low-pressure turbine and communicating with it. Turbine is shut off (and accordingly also ventilated).
- the turbine to be cooled according to the invention can also have a plurality of taps.
- An essential feature of the invention is that the cooling steam or the cooling steam-condensate mixture of the turbine is not supplied at the inlet or at the outlet, but at a tap.
- the cooling in the turbine particularly benefits the radially outer ends of the blades, which are most heavily loaded by the friction on the steam in the turbine. According to the invention, the cooling effect is thus largely restricted to the areas of the turbine where it is desired; cooling of other components of the turbine, which is generally undesirable for the reasons mentioned, is avoided.
- Another advantage of the invention results in steam turbine systems with nozzle lines which are guided vertically downwards by the tapped turbines. If a mixture of steam and condensate is added to such a tap line, only steam and sufficiently small condensate drops carried by the steam reach the turbine. Larger drops and condensate, which is deposited on the walls of the tap line, are carried downwards and do not reach the turbine. Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide special drainage devices in the turbine cooled according to the invention, with the tap line leading approximately vertically downwards, with which the condensate originating from the large drops and which hardly evaporates would have to be discharged from the turbine.
- condensate it is always particularly favorable to additionally supply condensate to the tap line in addition to the steam, in particular by injecting condensate into the steam line and / or into the bleed line through a condensate line. It is particularly advantageous to mix the condensate with the steam in an atomizer nozzle and out of this atomizer nozzle inject into the tap line. Condensate distributed in fine droplets - a droplet diameter smaller than about 0.1 mm is desirable - has a particularly high cooling effect due to the evaporation taking place in the turbine to be cooled while absorbing heat.
- Condensate for delivery into the tap line is advantageously branched off from the main condensate line behind a condensate pump that conveys the condensate; in this way, a special conveying device for the condensate to be used in the context of the invention can be dispensed with.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageously controlled in such a way that a temperature is measured in the ventilating, low-pressure turbine cooled according to the invention between the tapping and the outlet at a measuring point and, depending on this temperature, the delivery of the steam or the delivery of the steam -Condensate mixture, is regulated to the tap.
- the delivery of steam or steam and condensate to the tap line is limited within the scope of the invention so that a steam flow is generated in the low-pressure turbine, which corresponds to a portion of the order of about 1% of the steam flow during power operation.
- a steam flow of this magnitude enables the turbine to be cooled to a sufficient extent according to the invention, but does not do so much work that the speed control of the turbo set, of which the cooled turbine is a component, could be impaired.
- the steam used for cooling the low-pressure steam turbine (which advantageously contains a certain proportion of finely divided condensate drops) can be found in a condensate container, which is already provided in steam power plants and is used for collecting, heating and degassing the condensate.
- Heating steam of this type is generally to be supplied for the purpose of degassing the condensate; As a result, the thermodynamic conditions in the condensate container are always kept very constant.
- the condensate container is a preferred reservoir for steam that can be used according to the invention, since the steam removed from the steam chamber of the condensate container is always replaced immediately by evaporation of the condensate, with no significant changes in the thermodynamic conditions in the condensate container due to the small amounts of steam required according to the invention. Steam from the condensate container is saturated due to the coexistence of steam and condensate, possibly even with finely divided condensate, and is therefore particularly suitable for use in the context of the invention.
- a steam discharge line through which the steam is conducted around the low-pressure turbine during ventilation operation.
- a steam discharge leads, for example, the steam from a high-pressure steam turbine upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine or arrangement of a high-pressure steam turbine and a medium-pressure steam turbine around the low-pressure steam turbine to a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and is condensed.
- a heating device or the like, where the steam may be cooled and is condensed.
- the steam removed from a point of the steam-condensate circuit upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine usually has a sufficiently high intrinsic pressure and can therefore be supplied to the nozzle without special pumps or the like being required for this.
- Steam that is under sufficiently high pressure can also be converted into a steam-condensate mixture by expansion, which is particularly favorable for the cooling of the low-pressure steam turbine according to the invention.
- the further explanation of the invention is based on the exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing.
- the only figure shows a section of a thermal power plant in which a working fluid, especially water, is guided in a closed cycle.
- the circuit comprises a high-pressure steam turbine 17, a low-pressure steam turbine 1, a condenser 5, a preheater 7 and a condensate tank 8; other components of the circuit, for example a boiler, are not shown.
- a single high-pressure steam turbine 17 is shown;
- the invention can also be used in circuits in which there are three or more turbine housings, or in which a turbine is not single-flow as shown, but is double-flow.
- the representation of a single preheater 7 is also not intended to preclude the applicability of the invention to circuits in which a plurality of preheaters 7 are provided.
- the components of the circuit shown are interconnected by steam connecting lines 18 or main condensate lines 9.
- a condensate pump 15 is inserted into the main condensate line 9.
- This condensate pump 15 is also shown as representative of a possibly existing plurality of such condensate pumps 15.
- a switch 19 which is usually formed with flaps, with the help of which the steam flowing out of the high pressure steam turbine 17 can be discharged through a steam discharge line 20 to a heating heat exchanger 21, so that depending on the setting of the Switch 19, the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is not subjected to steam.
- the heat exchanger 21 symbolizes a multitude of possibilities for using the steam that flows out of the high-pressure steam turbine 17.
- the steam supplied to the heat exchanger 21 is condensed therein and flows as condensate via a condensate return line 22 to the main condensate line 9 upstream of the preheater 7.
- the low-pressure steam turbine 1 should be rigidly coupled to the high-pressure steam turbine 17, so that the rotors of both steam turbines 1 and 17 run synchronously.
- the low-pressure steam turbine 1 rotates at idle; since there is a static pressure in this low-pressure steam turbine 1 which corresponds to the pressure of the steam in the condenser 5, friction occurs.
- the provision of cooling may be necessary to enable ventilation operation of the low-pressure steam turbine 1.
- the low-pressure steam turbine 1 is pressurized with steam at an inlet 2, and the expanded steam leaves the low-pressure steam turbine 1 at an outlet 3 to the condenser 5.
- a tap 4 is provided between inlet 2 and outlet 3, where a tap 6 is connected.
- the tap 6 leads from the tap 4 to the preheater 7, where the tapped working fluid is used to preheat the condensate from the condenser 5.
- the condensate flows through the main condensate line 9 to a condensate container 8 (which is sometimes also referred to as a "degasser").
- the condensate is heated by means of steam which is introduced into the condensate through a heating steam line 10 below the condensate level 26. This heating serves, among other things, from the condensate gases, such as. B. remove oxygen.
- the condensate level 26 there is a steam space 11 filled with steam in the condensate container 8. Steam is removed from this steam space 11 and fed to the dispensing line 6 through a steam transfer line 12. Furthermore, the tap 6 flows through a condensate transfer line 13 condensate; Steam and condensate are injected together into the nozzle 6 through a schematically indicated atomizer nozzle 14. A mixture of steam and fine condensate drops is formed in the nozzle 6, which flows into the low-pressure steam turbine 1 for the purpose of cooling at the tap 4.
- the condensate transfer line 13 opens behind the condensate pump 15 into the main condensate line 9.
- a critical orifice may be provided in the steam transfer line 12 be provided.
- a measuring point 16 is provided in this between the tap 4 and the outlet 3, at which a temperature measurement is carried out; this temperature measurement is evaluated by means (not shown, known per se) and fed via a control line 25 to a steam control valve 23 in the steam transfer line 12 or a condensate control valve 24 in the condensate transfer line 13.
- the steam transfer line 12 and the condensate transfer line 13 do not necessarily have to be completely shut off during the power operation of the low-pressure steam turbine 1; Via small bypass lines with which steam control valve 23 or condensate control valve 24 are bypassed, a small flow of steam or condensate to the tap line 6 can be maintained, which leads to keeping the steam transfer line 12 and the condensate transfer line 13 and. U. can be advantageous.
- a condensate container 8 is not available for the extraction of steam for feeding into the tap 4 of the low-pressure steam turbine 1, such steam can be supplied to a steam connecting line 18 between the high-pressure steam turbine 17 and the low-pressure steam turbine 1 or the steam discharge line 20, possibly even be removed from the heat exchanger 21; removal from a preheater (not shown) associated with the high-pressure steam turbine 17 is also conceivable. Since the high-pressure steam turbine 17 also operates in the ventilation mode of the low-pressure steam turbine 1 in the power mode, it can be assumed that the thermodynamic conditions in the high-pressure steam turbine 17 as well as in the auxiliary devices communicating directly therewith are very stable, so that they for inclusion in the invention System for cooling the ventilating low-pressure steam turbine 1 can be easily included.
- the method according to the invention for cooling a low-pressure steam turbine in ventilation operation is particularly energy-saving, since it largely uses available resources and avoids material stresses in that the cooling effect only affects areas of the low-pressure steam turbine where it is desired.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Claims (10)
- Procédé pour refroidir une turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) dans le fonctionnement en ventilation, laquelle turbine à vapeur basse pression (1) comporte une entrée (2) pouvant être fermée, au moyen de laquelle de la vapeur peut être envoyée pour le fonctionnement en puissance et qui est fermée dans le fonctionnement en ventilation, une sortie (3), qui communique avec un condenseur (5) pour la condensation de la vapeur en un condensat, ainsi qu'entre l'entrée (2) et la sortie (3), une prise (4), à laquelle est raccordée une canalisation de soutirage (6) servant à dériver de la vapeur et/ou du condensat en direction d'un réchauffeur (7) lors du fonctionnement en puissance, procédé selon lequel de la vapeur est envoyée à la canalisation de soutirage (6) par une canalisation de transfert de vapeur (12).
- Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel en outre du condensat est envoyé à la canalisation de soutirage (6), par l'intermédiaire d'une canalisation de transfert de condensat (13).
- Procédé suivant la revendication 2, dans lequel le condensat est injecté dans la canalisation de transfert de vapeur (12) et/ou dans la canalisation de soutirage (6).
- Procédé suivant la revendication 3, selon lequel le condensat est injecté par l'intermédiaire d'une buse de pulvérisation (14) dans la canalisation de soutirage (6) et est mélangé à la vapeur pulvérisée, dans la, buse de pulvérisation (14).
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 4, selon lequel, pour son envoi à la canalisation de soutirage (6), le condensat est prélevé de la canalisation principale à condensat (9), en aval d'une pompe à condensat (15).
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequela) une température est mesurée en un point de mesure (16) dans la turbine basse pression (1) entre la prise (4) et la sortie (3);b) l'envoi de la vapeur ou l'envoi de la vapeur et/ou du condensat à la canalisation de soutirage (6) est réglé en fonction de la température.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel l'envoi de la vapeur ou de la vapeur et du condensat à la canalisation de soutirage (6) est limité de manière qu'il apparaisse, dans la turbine basse pression (1), un courant de vapeur, qui correspond au maximum à environ 1 % du courant de vapeur dans la turbine basse pression (1), lors du fonctionnement en puissance.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel de la vapeur est prélevée d'une chambre à vapeur (11) d'un récipient de réception du condensat (8), dans lequel le condensat est envoyé à partir du condenseur (5) en passant par le réchauffeur (7) par l'intermédiaire d'une canalisation principale à condensat (9), et dans lequel le condensat peut être chauffé par l'introduction de vapeur au moyen d'une canalisation de vapeur chaude (10), et est envoyée à la canalisation de soutirage (6).
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel la vapeur, qui doit être envoyée à la canalisation de soutirage (6), est prélevée d'une canalisation d' évacuation de vapeur (20), au moyen de laquelle, lors du fonctionnement en ventilation, de la vapeur est envoyée autour de la turbine à vapeur basse pression (1).
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel la vapeur devant être envoyée à la canalisation de soutirage (6) est prélevée d'une turbine à vapeur haute pression (17), qui est montée en amont de la turbine basse pression (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4129518A DE4129518A1 (de) | 1991-09-06 | 1991-09-06 | Kuehlung einer niederbruck-dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb |
DE4129518 | 1991-09-06 | ||
PCT/DE1992/000373 WO1993005276A1 (fr) | 1991-09-06 | 1992-05-07 | Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0602040A1 EP0602040A1 (fr) | 1994-06-22 |
EP0602040B1 true EP0602040B1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 |
Family
ID=6439917
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92909172A Expired - Lifetime EP0602040B1 (fr) | 1991-09-06 | 1992-05-07 | Refroidissement d'une turbine a vapeur basse pression en mode ventilation |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5490386A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0602040B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3093267B2 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ283638B6 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4129518A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2069997T3 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL169627B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2085751C1 (fr) |
UA (1) | UA27766C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993005276A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
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DE19640298A1 (de) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-09 | Siemens Ag | Dampfturbine, Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb sowie Verfahren zur Kondensationsminderung bei einer Dampfturbine im Leistungsbetrieb |
DE19823251C1 (de) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Niederdruckstufe einer Dampfturbine |
US6135707A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 2000-10-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine with a condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in the ventilation mode |
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DE365270C (de) * | 1918-08-16 | 1922-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Dampfturbinenaggregat mit zeitweise leer laufenden Einheiten |
DE928346C (de) * | 1952-03-22 | 1955-05-31 | Licentia Gmbh | Einrichtung, um eine Dampfturbine im Schleppbetrieb mittels Dampf aus dem Kondensator der Turbine zu kuehlen |
DE1016719B (de) * | 1952-12-12 | 1957-10-03 | Licentia Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bereitschaftshaltung von Dampfturbinen |
US3173654A (en) * | 1962-03-14 | 1965-03-16 | Burns & Roe Inc | Temperature control of turbine blades on spinning reserve turbines |
US3194021A (en) * | 1964-07-14 | 1965-07-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vapor condensing apparatus |
JPS5650084B2 (fr) * | 1972-04-26 | 1981-11-26 | ||
US4309873A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1982-01-12 | General Electric Company | Method and flow system for the control of turbine temperatures during bypass operation |
US4353216A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-10-12 | General Electric Company | Forward-reverse flow control system for a bypass steam turbine |
JPS59153901A (ja) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-09-01 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 蒸気タ−ビンロ−タの冷却装置 |
DE3522916A1 (de) * | 1985-06-27 | 1987-01-08 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Turbosatz mit wenigstens einer, ein aussengehaeuse und ein dazu koaxiales innengehaeuse aufweisenden niederdruck-teilturbine und mit hochdruck- und/oder mitteldruck-teilturbine |
DE3717521A1 (de) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-11-17 | Siemens Ag | Kondensator fuer den wasser-dampf-kreislauf einer kraftwerksanlage, insbesondere kernkraftwerksanlage |
-
1991
- 1991-09-06 DE DE4129518A patent/DE4129518A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-05-07 RU RU9294019340A patent/RU2085751C1/ru active
- 1992-05-07 ES ES92909172T patent/ES2069997T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-07 UA UA93004008A patent/UA27766C2/uk unknown
- 1992-05-07 CZ CZ94488A patent/CZ283638B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-07 DE DE59201560T patent/DE59201560D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-07 WO PCT/DE1992/000373 patent/WO1993005276A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1992-05-07 PL PL92302570A patent/PL169627B1/pl unknown
- 1992-05-07 EP EP92909172A patent/EP0602040B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-07 JP JP04508458A patent/JP3093267B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-03-07 US US08/206,798 patent/US5490386A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6135707A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 2000-10-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine with a condenser and method of cooling a steam turbine in the ventilation mode |
DE19640298A1 (de) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-09 | Siemens Ag | Dampfturbine, Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb sowie Verfahren zur Kondensationsminderung bei einer Dampfturbine im Leistungsbetrieb |
DE19823251C1 (de) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Niederdruckstufe einer Dampfturbine |
WO1999061758A2 (fr) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et dispositif pour le refroidissement d'un etage basse pression d'une turbine a vapeur |
WO1999061758A3 (fr) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-01-13 | Siemens Ag | Procede et dispositif pour le refroidissement d'un etage basse pression d'une turbine a vapeur |
CN1119506C (zh) * | 1998-05-26 | 2003-08-27 | 西门子公司 | 汽轮机低压级的冷却方法与设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4129518A1 (de) | 1993-03-11 |
US5490386A (en) | 1996-02-13 |
JP3093267B2 (ja) | 2000-10-03 |
ES2069997T3 (es) | 1995-05-16 |
CZ283638B6 (cs) | 1998-05-13 |
CZ48894A3 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
DE59201560D1 (de) | 1995-04-06 |
JPH06510347A (ja) | 1994-11-17 |
PL169627B1 (pl) | 1996-08-30 |
WO1993005276A1 (fr) | 1993-03-18 |
RU2085751C1 (ru) | 1997-07-27 |
EP0602040A1 (fr) | 1994-06-22 |
UA27766C2 (uk) | 2000-10-16 |
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