EP0597398B1 - Permeable structure - Google Patents

Permeable structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0597398B1
EP0597398B1 EP93117978A EP93117978A EP0597398B1 EP 0597398 B1 EP0597398 B1 EP 0597398B1 EP 93117978 A EP93117978 A EP 93117978A EP 93117978 A EP93117978 A EP 93117978A EP 0597398 B1 EP0597398 B1 EP 0597398B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channels
flow spaces
channel
rows
cover plates
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93117978A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0597398A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Böttcher
Rudolf Dr. Ganz
Jürgen Dr. Heinrich
Otto Heinz
Rüdiger Herrmann
Jörg Hönerlage
Axel Reinhold
Heinrich Schelter
Matthias Simmerl
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Publication of EP0597398A1 publication Critical patent/EP0597398A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permeable structure which is constructed from cards to form a stack of cards and in which continuous channels are arranged in rows and flow spaces are formed between the rows of channels and are delimited by cover plates on opposite sides in the stacking direction.
  • cards made of green ceramic, metal, such as Alloys made of copper, steel, aluminum or plastic can be understood.
  • Permeable structures of the type mentioned made of ceramic are known from DE-A 40 226 54. These structures have rows of holes running parallel to one another, between which channels are arranged, which are provided in alternating sequence with uniform and regularly arranged webs. When using the structures as a heat exchanger, the heat exchange takes place via these webs.
  • the invention aims inter alia significantly improve the heat transfer and identify means for controlling the heat transfer.
  • the advantages of the invention can be seen essentially in the fact that the heat exchange and the fluidization in the flow spaces can be influenced by varying the length of the webs.
  • the Individual cards for building the structure can be cut from an endlessly producible card, whereby the pattern of the individual cards can be varied, so that at least 3 to 20 different card patterns can be used for its construction within the permeable structure.
  • Structures for several media flowing in parallel can also be constructed by designing the cover plates or using blind cards. By deviating the hole centers from the common hole row axis, structures can be built up in which the channels formed by the holes are given a step-like to helical surface.
  • the continuous channels 1, which are created by stacking the cards 2, are arranged in rows 3.
  • Flow spaces 4 are formed between the channel rows 3 and are delimited on opposite sides by (covers) cover plates 5.
  • at least two transverse webs 6 are arranged on the same card level, the transverse webs 6 having a different length "B" in at least half of the cards.
  • the arrangement of the crosspieces 6 in the flow spaces 4 can be made as desired according to the requirements for heat exchange and media swirling.
  • the channels 1 extend essentially perpendicular to the flow spaces 4 and can run in a straight line and parallel to one another. By deviating the holes 7 (hole centers) in the individual cards 2 from the channel axes, step-shaped or helical channel surfaces can be generated.
  • the channels 1 can also be arranged in any shape and arrangement with respect to one another be.
  • the individual channels 1 can have a constant or variable cross section over their length and / or with one another (FIGS. 4 and 5).
  • the first channel 1a (hole 7a, FIG. 3) of a row 3 can have a larger cross section than the other channels 1 which form the row 3 and which are partially surrounded by the flow spaces 4a.
  • the width "A" of the flow spaces 4 can be constant or vary in the flow direction (FIG. 4).
  • the flow spaces 4 can also have further obstacles of any design, such as deflection plates etc. (not shown).
  • the transverse webs 6a on the edge can be provided with ribs 8 (FIG. 2).
  • the channels 1 of a row 3 can be connected to one another and / or to adjacent channel rows 3 by appropriate design of cavities in the cover plates 5, which can be constructed from any number of cards 2 (not shown). Corresponding connections can also be created by installing special intermediate cards or layers of cards (not shown). The same also applies to the flow spaces 4.
  • the channels 1 and the flow spaces 4 can be constructed from differently cut maps (FIG. 4).
  • FIG. 4 which shows a section of an endlessly producible card band, shows the cut lines for the cards 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
  • the cover plates can have openings 9 or collecting channels (not shown) for the channels 1 and can be provided with an attached frame 11, which saves the grinding of the entire cover plate surface.
  • the wall thicknesses "W" can be varied between the channels 1 and / or the flow spaces 4. Corners and edges can be rounded.
  • the transverse webs 6 and walls 10 between the channel rows 3 and the flow spaces 4 can be provided with closed, inaccessible hollow chambers or with cavities which can be flowed through or through one or a few openings (not shown).
  • the cards can be connected by lamination with subsequent firing, by soldering, welding, gluing or mechanically (eg using a tie rod) with the interposition of seals.
  • the cards 2 with the breakthroughs can be produced by casting, sawing, milling, turning, deep drawing, embossing, lasering, punching or liquid jet cutting.
  • heat exchangers for heating devices, in particular for condensing heating devices and waste heat boilers for the heat exchange gas / gas, gas / liquid or liquid / liquid media, as well as for burner designs with gaseous or liquid fuels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

In the permeable structure, which is constructed from cards, continuous ducts are arranged in rows and flow compartments are formed between the rows of ducts. Said compartments are bounded on opposite sides by cover plates. At least two transverse webs (6) are arranged one behind the other at the same level in the flow compartments (4). The transverse webs (6) are of different length (B) in at least half of the cards, and the ducts (1) extend essentially at right angles to the flow compartments (4). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine durchlässige Struktur, die aus Karten zu einem Kartenstapel aufgebaut ist und bei der durchgehende Kanäle in Reihen angeordnet und zwischen den Kanalreihen Strömungsräume ausgebildet sind, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten in Stapelrichtung durch Deckplatten begrenzt sind.The invention relates to a permeable structure which is constructed from cards to form a stack of cards and in which continuous channels are arranged in rows and flow spaces are formed between the rows of channels and are delimited by cover plates on opposite sides in the stacking direction.

Unter Karten sollen nachfolgend Karten aus grüner Keramik, aus Metall wie z.B. Legierungen aus Kupfer, aus Stahl, aus Aluminium oder aus Kunststoff verstanden werden.Under cards, cards made of green ceramic, metal, such as Alloys made of copper, steel, aluminum or plastic can be understood.

Durchlässige Strukturen der genannten Art aus Keramik sind aus der DE-A 40 226 54 bekannt. Diese Strukturen weisen parallel zueinander verlaufende Lochreihen auf, zwischen denen Kanäle angeordnet sind, die in wechselnder Folge mit gleichmäßigen und regelmäßig angeordneten Stegen versehen sind. Bei Verwendung der Strukturen als Wärmeaustauscher erfolgt der Wärmetausch über diese Stege. Die Erfindung will u.a. den Wärmeübergang entscheidend verbessern und Mittel zur Steuerung des Wärmeübergangs aufzeigen.Permeable structures of the type mentioned made of ceramic are known from DE-A 40 226 54. These structures have rows of holes running parallel to one another, between which channels are arranged, which are provided in alternating sequence with uniform and regularly arranged webs. When using the structures as a heat exchanger, the heat exchange takes place via these webs. The invention aims inter alia significantly improve the heat transfer and identify means for controlling the heat transfer.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe durch eine durchlässige Struktur, die aus Karten aufgebaut ist,

  • wobei jede Karte Ausnehmungen und Löcher und zwischen den Ausnehmungen bzw. zwischen Ausnehmungen und Kartenrand Querstege aufweist, wobei die Löcher der übereinandergestapelten Karten durchgehende Kanäle bilden, die in Reihen angeordnet sind,
  • wobei die Kanalreihen im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den Kanalreihen aus den Ausnehmungen Strömungsräume gebildet sind, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten in Stapelrichtung durch Deckplatten begrenzt sind,
  • wobei die Strömungsräume durch die Kanalreihen voneinander getrennt vorliegen,
  • wobei sich die Kanäle im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Deckplatten erstrecken und
  • wobei mindestens zwei Querstege in einem Strömungsraum auf gleicher Ebene der Karten angeordnet sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querstege hintereinander in einer Längsrichtung parallel zu Ebenen der Kanalreihen angeordnet sind und daß die Querstege einer Karte in mindestens der Hälfte der Karten unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen.The invention solves the problem by means of a permeable structure which is made up of cards,
  • wherein each card has recesses and holes and crossbars between the recesses or between recesses and the card edge, the holes of the stacked cards forming continuous channels which are arranged in rows,
  • the channel rows being arranged essentially parallel to one another, flow spaces being formed between the channel rows from the recesses and being delimited by cover plates on opposite sides in the stacking direction,
  • the flow spaces being separated from one another by the rows of channels,
  • wherein the channels extend substantially perpendicular to the cover plates and
  • wherein at least two crosspieces are arranged in a flow space on the same level of the cards,
characterized in that the transverse webs are arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction parallel to planes of the rows of channels and in that the transverse webs of a card have different lengths in at least half of the cards.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß durch Variieren der Länge der Stege der Wärmeaustausch sowie die Medienverwirbelung in den Strömungsräumen beeinflußt werden kann. Die einzelnen Karten zum Aufbau der Struktur können aus einer endlos herstellbaren Karte geschnitten werden, wodurch sich das Muster der einzelnen Karten variieren läßt, sodaß innerhalb der durchlässigen Struktur mindestens 3 bis 20 verschiedene Kartenmuster zu dessen Aufbau verwendet werden können. Es lassen sich ferner Strukturen für mehrere parallel strömende Medien durch Gestaltung der Deckplatten bzw. Verwendung von Blindkarten aufbauen. Durch Abweichung der Lochmittelpunkte von der gemeinsamen Lochreihenachse können Strukturen aufgebaut werden, bei denen die durch die Löcher gebildeten Kanäle eine stufen- bis schraubenförmige Oberfläche erhalten.The advantages of the invention can be seen essentially in the fact that the heat exchange and the fluidization in the flow spaces can be influenced by varying the length of the webs. The Individual cards for building the structure can be cut from an endlessly producible card, whereby the pattern of the individual cards can be varied, so that at least 3 to 20 different card patterns can be used for its construction within the permeable structure. Structures for several media flowing in parallel can also be constructed by designing the cover plates or using blind cards. By deviating the hole centers from the common hole row axis, structures can be built up in which the channels formed by the holes are given a step-like to helical surface.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand von lediglich einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Figur 1 die durchlässige Struktur in isometrischer Darstellung teilweise geschnitten,
  • Figur 2 eine Variante von Figur 1 in isometrischer Darstellung teilweise geschnitten und
  • Figuren 3 bis 5 Kartenvarianten zum Aufbau von Strukturen.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings which illustrate only one embodiment. It shows
  • FIG. 1 shows the permeable structure partially cut in an isometric view,
  • Figure 2 is a variant of Figure 1 in isometric view partially cut and
  • Figures 3 to 5 card variants for building structures.

Bei der durchlässigen Struktur sind die durchgehenden Kanäle 1, die durch Stapeln der Karten 2 entstehen, in Reihen 3 angeordnet. Zwischen den Kanalreihen 3 sind Strömungsräume 4 ausgebildet, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten durch (Abdeckungen) Deckplatten 5 begrenzt sind. In den Strömungsräumen 4 sind mindestens 2 Querstege 6 auf gleicher Kartenebene angeordnet, wobei die Querstege 6 in mindestens der Hälfte der Karten unterschiedliche Länge "B" aufweisen. Die Anordnung der Querstege 6 in den Strömungsräumen 4 kann beliebig entsprechend den Erfordernissen für den Wärmeaustausch und die Medienverwirbelung erfolgen. Die Kanäle 1 erstrecken sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Strömungsräumen 4 und können geradlinig und parallel zueinander verlaufen. Durch Abweichungen der Löcher 7 (Lochmittelpunkte) in den einzelnen Karten 2 von den Kanalachsen, können stufen- oder schraubenförmige Kanaloberflächen erzeugt werden. Die Kanäle 1 können auch in beliebiger Form und beliebiger Anordnung zueinander angeordnet sein. Die einzelnen Kanäle 1 können über ihre Länge und/oder untereinander einen konstanten oder variablen Querschnitt aufweisen (Figuren 4 und 5). Der erste Kanal 1a (Loch 7a, Figur 3) einer Reihe 3 kann einen größeren Querschnitt aufweisen als die übrigen Kanäle 1, die die Reihe 3 bilden und von den Strömungsräumen 4a teilweise umgeben sein. Die Breite "A" der Strömungsräume 4 kann konstant sein oder in Strömungsrichtung variieren (Figur 4). Die Strömungsräume 4 können neben den Querstegen 6 noch weitere, beliebig gestaltete Hindernisse, wie Umlenkbleche etc. (nicht dargestellt) aufweisen. Die randliegenden Querstege 6a können mit Rippen 8 (Figur 2) versehen sein. Die Kanäle 1 einer Reihe 3 können untereinander und/oder mit benachbarten Kanalreihen 3 durch entsprechende Gestaltung von Hohlräumen in den Deckplatten 5, die aus beliebig vielen Karten 2 aufgebaut sein können, verbunden sein (nicht dargestellt). Entsprechende Verbindungen können auch durch den Einbau spezieller Zwischenkarten oder -schichten von Karten geschaffen werden (nicht dargestellt). Das gleiche gilt auch für die Strömungsräume 4. Die Kanäle 1 und die Strömungsräume 4 können aus unterschiedlich geschnittenen Karten (Figur 4) aufgebaut sein. Figur 4, die einen Ausschnitt eines endlos herstellbaren Kartenbandes zeigt, sind die Schnittlinien für die Karten 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, zu entnehmen. Die Deckplatten können Durchbrüche 9 oder Sammelkanäle (nicht dargestellt) für die Kanäle 1 aufweisen und mit einem aufgesetzten Rahmen 11 versehen sein, der das Schleifen der gesamten Deckplattenfläche erspart. Zwischen den Kanälen 1 und/oder den Strömungsräumen 4 können die Wandstärken "W" variiert werden. Ecken und Kanten können verrundet sein. Um den Wärmeübergang zu steuern und Material zu reduzieren, können die Querstege 6 und Wände 10 zwischen den Kanalreihen 3 und den Strömungsräumen 4 mit geschlossenen, unzugänglichen Hohlkammern bzw. mit über eine oder wenige Öffnungen an- oder durchströmbaren Hohlräumen versehen sein (nicht dargestellt).In the permeable structure, the continuous channels 1, which are created by stacking the cards 2, are arranged in rows 3. Flow spaces 4 are formed between the channel rows 3 and are delimited on opposite sides by (covers) cover plates 5. In the flow spaces 4, at least two transverse webs 6 are arranged on the same card level, the transverse webs 6 having a different length "B" in at least half of the cards. The arrangement of the crosspieces 6 in the flow spaces 4 can be made as desired according to the requirements for heat exchange and media swirling. The channels 1 extend essentially perpendicular to the flow spaces 4 and can run in a straight line and parallel to one another. By deviating the holes 7 (hole centers) in the individual cards 2 from the channel axes, step-shaped or helical channel surfaces can be generated. The channels 1 can also be arranged in any shape and arrangement with respect to one another be. The individual channels 1 can have a constant or variable cross section over their length and / or with one another (FIGS. 4 and 5). The first channel 1a (hole 7a, FIG. 3) of a row 3 can have a larger cross section than the other channels 1 which form the row 3 and which are partially surrounded by the flow spaces 4a. The width "A" of the flow spaces 4 can be constant or vary in the flow direction (FIG. 4). In addition to the transverse webs 6, the flow spaces 4 can also have further obstacles of any design, such as deflection plates etc. (not shown). The transverse webs 6a on the edge can be provided with ribs 8 (FIG. 2). The channels 1 of a row 3 can be connected to one another and / or to adjacent channel rows 3 by appropriate design of cavities in the cover plates 5, which can be constructed from any number of cards 2 (not shown). Corresponding connections can also be created by installing special intermediate cards or layers of cards (not shown). The same also applies to the flow spaces 4. The channels 1 and the flow spaces 4 can be constructed from differently cut maps (FIG. 4). FIG. 4, which shows a section of an endlessly producible card band, shows the cut lines for the cards 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. The cover plates can have openings 9 or collecting channels (not shown) for the channels 1 and can be provided with an attached frame 11, which saves the grinding of the entire cover plate surface. The wall thicknesses "W" can be varied between the channels 1 and / or the flow spaces 4. Corners and edges can be rounded. In order to control the heat transfer and to reduce material, the transverse webs 6 and walls 10 between the channel rows 3 and the flow spaces 4 can be provided with closed, inaccessible hollow chambers or with cavities which can be flowed through or through one or a few openings (not shown).

Die Karten können je nach Material durch Laminieren mit anschließendem Brennen, durch Löten, Schweißen, Kleben oder mechanisch (z.B. mittels Zuganker) unter Zwischenlegen von Dichtungen verbunden werden. Die Karten 2 mit den Durchbrüchen können durch Gießen, Sägen, Fräsen, Drehen, Tiefziehen, Prägen, Lasern, Stanzen oder Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden hergestellt werden. Durch Einfügen von Karten, die im wesentlichen nur aus Lochreihen ohne verbindende Rippen bestehen, zwischen die beschriebenen Karten in die Struktur kann der geometrische Querschnitt der Strömungsräume nahezu beliebig erweitert werden. Dies ist besonders bei Einsatzzwecken vorteilhaft, bei denen geringer Druckverlust des durch diese Strömungsräume fließenden Mediums erforderlich ist, oder bei schmutzbeladenen Medienströmen, um Verschmutzungen der Struktur zu verhindern. Gleichzeitig gewährleisten größere Querschnitte leichteren Zugang in die Strömungsräume zu Reinigungszwecken.Depending on the material, the cards can be connected by lamination with subsequent firing, by soldering, welding, gluing or mechanically (eg using a tie rod) with the interposition of seals. The cards 2 with the breakthroughs can be produced by casting, sawing, milling, turning, deep drawing, embossing, lasering, punching or liquid jet cutting. By inserting cards, which essentially consist only of rows of holes without connecting ribs, between the cards described in the structure, the geometric cross section of the flow spaces can be expanded almost as desired. This is particularly advantageous for applications in which a low pressure loss of the medium flowing through these flow spaces is required, or in the case of media flows laden with dirt in order to prevent contamination of the structure. At the same time, larger cross-sections ensure easier access to the flow spaces for cleaning purposes.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Struktur lassen sich insbesondere Wärmetauscher, Kondensatoren, Teilkondensatoren, Kühler, Reaktoren, Wärmetauscher für Heizgeräte, insbesondere für Brennwertheizgeräte und Abhitzekessel für den Wärmeaustausch Gas/Gas, Gas/flüssig oder flüssig/flüssig - Medien herstellen, sowie für Brennerkonstuktionen mit gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoffen.With the structure according to the invention, in particular, heat exchangers, condensers, partial condensers, coolers, reactors, heat exchangers for heating devices, in particular for condensing heating devices and waste heat boilers for the heat exchange gas / gas, gas / liquid or liquid / liquid media, as well as for burner designs with gaseous or liquid fuels.

Claims (14)

  1. A permeable structure which is built up of sheets, each sheet (2) having recesses and holes (7) and having transverse bridges (6, 6a) between the recesses or between recesses and sheet edge,
    the holes (7) of the sheets (2) stacked one on top of the other forming continuous channels (1) which are arranged in rows (3),
    the channel rows (3) being arranged essentially parallel to one another,
    flow spaces (4) which are bounded at opposite sides in the stacking direction by cover plates (5) being formed out of the recesses between the channel rows (3),
    the flow spaces (4) being separated from one another by the channel rows (3),
    the channels (1) extending essentially perpendicular to the cover plates (5) and
    at least two transverse bridges (6 and 6a) in a flow space (4) being arranged through the same plane of the sheet (2),
    wherein the transverse bridges (6 and 6a) are arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction parallel to planes of the channel rows and wherein the transverse bridges (6 and 6a) of a sheet (2) have a different length (B) in at least half the sheets (2).
  2. A structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channels (1) run linearly and parallel to one another.
  3. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the individual channels (1) have a constant cross section over their length.
  4. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the individual channels (1) have a variable cross section over their length.
  5. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross sections of the individual channels (1) vary among themselves from channel to channel.
  6. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first channel (la) of a row (3) has a larger cross section than the remaining channels (1) which form the row (3) and is partly surrounded by the flow spaces (4a).
  7. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the flow spaces (4) have a constant width (A).
  8. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the width of the flow spaces (4) varies in the flow direction.
  9. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the flow spaces (4) have two transverse bridges (6) at one sheet level.
  10. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the transverse bridges (6a) at the edges are provided with ribs (8).
  11. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the cover plates (5) have openings (9) for the continuous channels (1).
  12. A structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cover plates (5) are provided with a fitted frame (11).
  13. A process for producing a structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, which comprises the channels (1) and the flow spaces (4) being built up from differently cut sheets (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) from a cutting pattern that can be made in an endless form.
  14. A method for using at least one structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, for the production of heat exchangers, condensers, part-condensers, coolers, reactors, heat exchangers for heaters or for burners for heat exchange in gas/gas, gas/liquid or liquid/liquid systems.
EP93117978A 1992-11-12 1993-11-05 Permeable structure Expired - Lifetime EP0597398B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4238190A DE4238190C2 (en) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Ceramic module
DE4238190 1992-11-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0597398A1 EP0597398A1 (en) 1994-05-18
EP0597398B1 true EP0597398B1 (en) 1997-07-16

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US (1) US5657818A (en)
EP (1) EP0597398B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06201292A (en)
AT (1) ATE155574T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2102940A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ240393A3 (en)
DE (2) DE4238190C2 (en)

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DE3909996A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-10-04 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh RECUPERATIVE CERAMIC HEAT EXCHANGER
US5016707A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-05-21 Sundstrand Corporation Multi-pass crossflow jet impingement heat exchanger
US5099915A (en) * 1990-04-17 1992-03-31 Sundstrand Corporation Helical jet impingement evaporator
DE4022654A1 (en) * 1990-07-17 1992-01-23 Hoechst Ag CARD OF CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR BUILDING PERMANENT STRUCTURES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06201292A (en) 1994-07-19
DE4238190A1 (en) 1994-05-19
EP0597398A1 (en) 1994-05-18
CZ240393A3 (en) 1994-05-18
CA2102940A1 (en) 1994-05-13
ATE155574T1 (en) 1997-08-15
US5657818A (en) 1997-08-19
DE4238190C2 (en) 1994-09-08
DE59306930D1 (en) 1997-08-21

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