EP0593369B1 - Security descending device for rope - Google Patents

Security descending device for rope Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593369B1
EP0593369B1 EP93420383A EP93420383A EP0593369B1 EP 0593369 B1 EP0593369 B1 EP 0593369B1 EP 93420383 A EP93420383 A EP 93420383A EP 93420383 A EP93420383 A EP 93420383A EP 0593369 B1 EP0593369 B1 EP 0593369B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
pulley
flange
descender
lever
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93420383A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0593369A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Marc Hede
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Zedel SAS
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Zedel SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0593369A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593369A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B29/00—Apparatus for mountaineering
    • A63B29/02—Mountain guy-ropes or accessories, e.g. avalanche ropes; Means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a descender used for the descent of a person along a rope, comprising a first fixed flange for supporting a pulley and a stud or pad separated from each other by an internal space for passage of the rope, and a second movable flange capable of occupying a separated position allowing winding in a first predetermined direction of the rope on the pulley and the stud in the passage space, and a closed position in which the rope is trapped in space and is pressed by a cam of the pulley against a braking surface of the pad when the pulley is driven by the tension of the rope towards a locking position, the displacement of the second flange of the position moved towards the closed position, and vice versa, taking place in a plane substantially parallel to the first flange by manual action of the user.
  • the function of a descender is to allow a user to descend along a long rope safely.
  • the pulley is shaped as a movable cam associated with a release handle. If the handle is released during a downward movement, the tension on the rope urges the cam towards a locking position, in which the rope is pressed by the cam against a fixed stud or stop. This results in an automatic stop of the lowering movement, and the person remains securely attached to the rope.
  • the proper functioning of the descender remains dependent on a certain direction of winding of the rope on the pulley, which direction is known to all specialists, and indicated on the device. The risk of an incorrect direction of passage of the rope cannot be excluded when the descender is handled by novice or inexperienced people.
  • the self-locking effect of the rope is not achieved in the event of an assembly error, and this results in a malfunction of the descender, which can have unfortunate consequences for safety.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a safety descender for rope, which does not endanger the life of a person when the direction of passage of the rope in the descender is incorrect.
  • the descender according to the invention is characterized in that in the internal space for passage of the rope is arranged an auxiliary braking lever mounted with pivoting limited in the vicinity of the pulley between an inactive position for unlocking the rope for said first direction winding position and an active locking position, in which a wedging surface of the lever presses the rope against the pulley, the pivoting of the lever from the inactive position to the active position being effected automatically in the presence of a tension force on the rope, and following an incorrect winding in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
  • auxiliary braking lever occurs exclusively in the event of an error in the direction of passage of the rope in the descender, when the user attempts to initiate the descent movement.
  • the passage of the auxiliary lever to the rope locking position prevents any downward movement, and blocks the user in the presence of tension on the rope.
  • the blockage remains as long as the descender remains under load by the tension of the rope. User safety is total, despite improper handling of the rope when winding on the pulley.
  • the stud is associated with a fixed spacer for positioning the rope, said spacer being inserted between the two flanges and shaped to delimit the two opposite ends of access to the passage space of the rope in the descender.
  • the pulley is shaped as a cam articulated on a first axis of the first flange and associated with an actuating handle.
  • the shoe has a braking surface against which the rope is pressed by the cam in the event of release of the handle for the first direction of winding of the rope, the blocking action by the cam acting in the vicinity of the 'upper opening.
  • the auxiliary braking lever is articulated on a second axis of the first flange, at an intermediate point located between the spacer and the pulley, the second axis being substantially parallel to the first axis, such that the angular movement between the active and inactive positions of the wedging surface of the lever takes place in the vicinity of the lower orifice of the space.
  • the pulley is fixedly mounted on the first flange.
  • the first blocking does not exist, but the second blocking occurs normally in the event of an error in handling the rope.
  • a descender designated by the general reference 10 is used for the descent of one or more people along a rope 12.
  • the descender 10 has a first fixed flange 14, having a first axis 15 of articulation of a movable pulley 16 shaped as a cam 17, and a fixed positioning spacer 18, separated from the pulley 16 by a space 20 for passage of the rope 12.
  • the pulley 16 is provided with a groove 21 for guiding the rope 12 during its S-winding in the descender 10.
  • the pulley 16 is mechanically connected to a control mechanism 22 provided with an actuating handle 24, which is mounted with limited pivoting between a raised blocking position and a lowered position for unlocking the rope 12.
  • the upper part of the the fixed spacer 18 is arranged in a fixed pad or shoe 26 having a braking surface 28 against which the rope 12 is pressed by the locking action of the cam 17 in the raised position of the handle 24.
  • the intermediate part of the spacer 18 extends externally along the right side of the first flange 14, and has an internal curved sector 30 substantially centered on the axis 15.
  • the combined presence of the groove 21 of the pulley 16, and of the concave curved sector 30 of the spacer 18 makes it possible to obtain optimum positioning and guidance of the cord 12 in the space 20.
  • the lower part of the positioning spacer 18 comprises a cross member 32 extending horizontally between the two opposite lateral edges of the flange 14.
  • An auxiliary braking lever 34 is pivotally mounted on a second axis 36 secured to the flange 14 at a point intermediate located between the cross member 32 and the pulley 16.
  • the second axis 36 of the lever 34 extends parallel to the first axis 15 of the pulley 16, in a direction perpendicular to the first fixed flange 14.
  • the angular movement of the auxiliary lever 34 takes place in the space 20 between an inactive position (FIGS. 1 and 4) in which the lever 34 bears on the cross-member 32 playing the role of end-of-travel stop, and an active position. (FIG. 5) in which a wedging surface 38 of the lever 34 presses the rope 12 against the pulley 16.
  • a return spring 40 formed as an example by a flexion or torsion spring, is wound around the axis 36, and biases the lever 34 towards the inactive position.
  • the auxiliary lever 34 remains permanently maintained in the inactive position, and the rope 12 can slide freely on the pulley 16 during the descent.
  • the displacement by pivoting towards the active position of the lever 34 occurs exclusively during the downward movement when the direction of passage of the rope 12 in the space 20 is incorrect.
  • a second movable flange 42 having a shape similar to that of the first flange 14, is pivotally mounted on a third axis 44 passing through the spacer 18 in the vicinity of the shoe 26.
  • the displacement of the second flange 42 takes place in a plane parallel to the first flange 14 by manual action of the user between a closed position ( Figures 2 and 3), in which the cord 12 is trapped in the space 20, and a separated position (not shown) allowing the establishment or the 'removal of the cord 12.
  • the passage of the second flange 42 to the separated position requires a pivoting movement of amplitude greater than a quarter turn, exerted in the direction of clockwise.
  • the two parallel flanges 14, 42 are separated from each other by a transverse interval, having a thickness which corresponds to that of the spacer 18.
  • Each flange 14, 42 has at its base a circular or oblong orifice 46, 48 intended for the passage of a carabiner (not shown) for attaching the descender 10 to the user's harness.
  • a carabiner not shown
  • the two orifices 46, 48 are aligned (FIG. 2), and the positioning of the carabiner keeps the descender 10 closed by preventing any untimely opening of the second flange 42.
  • the first axis 15 of the pulley 16, the second axis 36 of the auxiliary lever 34 and the orifice 46 of the flange 14 are substantially aligned in a vertical direction perpendicular to the crosspiece 32 of the spacer 18, and to the lever 34 in the inactive position .
  • the operation of the safety descender 10 according to the invention is as follows:
  • the upstream strand 12A enters the space 20 through the upper orifice 50, and leaves it through the orifice lower 52 by forming a half-loop.
  • the own weight of the downstream strand 12B applies the rope 12 empty against the wedging surface 38 of the auxiliary lever of the 34, and keeps the latter in the inactive position in the absence of tension force on the rope.
  • the pulley 16 could be fixed. In this case, the mechanism 22 and its handle 24 are eliminated.
  • the descender 10 is made of metallic material based on aluminum. It is nevertheless possible to manufacture the spacer 18 by molding a plastic material. In this case, the shoe 26 is formed by a separate metallic part attached to the spacer 18.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)

Description

L'invention est relative à un descendeur utilisé pour la descente d'une personne le long d'une corde, comportant un premier flasque fixe de support d'une poulie et d'un plot ou patin séparés l'un de l'autre par un espace interne de passage de la corde, et un deuxième flasque mobile suscepible d'occuper une position écartée autorisant l'enroulement selon un premier sens prédéterminé de la corde sur la poulie et le plot dans l'espace de passage, et une position fermée dans laquelle la corde est emprisonnée dans l'espace et est pressée par une came de la poulie contre une surface de freinage du patin lorsque la poulie est entraînée par la tension de la corde vers une position de bloquage, le déplacement du deuxième flasque de la position écartée vers la position fermée, et vice versa, s'effectuant dans un plan sensiblement parallèle au premier flasque par une action manuelle de l'utilisateur.The invention relates to a descender used for the descent of a person along a rope, comprising a first fixed flange for supporting a pulley and a stud or pad separated from each other by an internal space for passage of the rope, and a second movable flange capable of occupying a separated position allowing winding in a first predetermined direction of the rope on the pulley and the stud in the passage space, and a closed position in which the rope is trapped in space and is pressed by a cam of the pulley against a braking surface of the pad when the pulley is driven by the tension of the rope towards a locking position, the displacement of the second flange of the position moved towards the closed position, and vice versa, taking place in a plane substantially parallel to the first flange by manual action of the user.

La fonction d'un descendeur doit permettre à un utilisateur de descendre le long d'une corde de grande longueur en toute sécurité. Dans le cas d'un descendeur autobloquant, la poulie est conformée en came mobile associée à une poignée de déblocage. En cas de relâchement de la poignée lors d'un mouvement de descente, la tension sur la corde sollicite la came vers une position de blocage, dans laquelle la corde est pressée par la came contre un plot ou butée fixe. Il en résulte un arrêt automatique du mouvement de descente, et la personne reste accrochée à la corde en toute sécurité. Le bon fonctionnement du descendeur reste néanmoins tributaire d'un certain sens d'enroulement de la corde sur la poulie, lequel sens est connu de tous les spécialistes, et indiqué sur l'appareil. Le risque d'un sens de passage incorrect de la corde n'est pas à exclure lorsque le descendeur est manipulé par des personnes novices ou inexpérimentées. L'effet d'autoblocage de la corde n'est pas réalisé en cas d'erreur de montage, et il en résulte un mauvais fonctionnement du descendeur, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences malheureuses pour la sécurité.The function of a descender is to allow a user to descend along a long rope safely. In the case of a self-locking descender, the pulley is shaped as a movable cam associated with a release handle. If the handle is released during a downward movement, the tension on the rope urges the cam towards a locking position, in which the rope is pressed by the cam against a fixed stud or stop. This results in an automatic stop of the lowering movement, and the person remains securely attached to the rope. The proper functioning of the descender remains dependent on a certain direction of winding of the rope on the pulley, which direction is known to all specialists, and indicated on the device. The risk of an incorrect direction of passage of the rope cannot be excluded when the descender is handled by novice or inexperienced people. The self-locking effect of the rope is not achieved in the event of an assembly error, and this results in a malfunction of the descender, which can have unfortunate consequences for safety.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à réaliser un descendeur de sécurité pour corde, qui ne mette pas en danger la vie d'un personne lorsque le sens de passage de la corde dans le descendeur est incorrect.The object of the invention is to provide a safety descender for rope, which does not endanger the life of a person when the direction of passage of the rope in the descender is incorrect.

Le descendeur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que dans l'espace interne de passage de la corde est agencé un levier auxiliaire de freinage monté à pivotement limité au voisinage de la poulie entre une position inactive de déblocage de la corde pour ledit premier sens d'enroulement et une position active de blocage, dans laquelle une surface de coincement du levier presse la corde contre la poulie, le pivotement du levier de la position inactive vers la position active étant opérée automatiquement en présence d'une force de tension sur la corde, et suite à un enroulement incorrect selon un deuxième sens opposé au premier sens.The descender according to the invention is characterized in that in the internal space for passage of the rope is arranged an auxiliary braking lever mounted with pivoting limited in the vicinity of the pulley between an inactive position for unlocking the rope for said first direction winding position and an active locking position, in which a wedging surface of the lever presses the rope against the pulley, the pivoting of the lever from the inactive position to the active position being effected automatically in the presence of a tension force on the rope, and following an incorrect winding in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

L'intervention du levier auxiliaire de freinage intervient exclusivement en cas d'erreur du sens de passage de la corde dans le descendeur, lorsque l'utilisateur tente d'amorcer le mouvement de descente. Le passage du levier auxiliaire vers la position de blocage de la corde empêche tout mouvement vers le bas, et bloque l'utilisateur en présence d'une tension sur la corde. Le blocage subsiste tant que le descendeur reste sous charge par la tension de la corde. La sécurité de l'utilisateur est totale, malgré la mauvaise manipulation de la corde lors de l'enroulement sur la poulie.The intervention of the auxiliary braking lever occurs exclusively in the event of an error in the direction of passage of the rope in the descender, when the user attempts to initiate the descent movement. The passage of the auxiliary lever to the rope locking position prevents any downward movement, and blocks the user in the presence of tension on the rope. The blockage remains as long as the descender remains under load by the tension of the rope. User safety is total, despite improper handling of the rope when winding on the pulley.

Pour remettre la corde dans le bon sens, il faut au préalable relâcher la tension sur la corde, et faire basculer la deuxième flasque vers la position écartée. Le levier auxiliaire de freinage revient ensuite automatiquement en position inactive, faisant disparaître l'effet de blocage.To put the rope back in the right direction, you must first release the tension on the rope, and tilt the second flange to the discarded position. The auxiliary brake lever then automatically returns to the inactive position, making the blocking effect disappear.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le plot est associé à une entretoise fixe de positionnement de la corde, ladite entretoise étant insérée entre les deux flasques et conformée pour délimiter les deux extrémités opposées d'accès à l'espace de passage de la corde dans le descendeur.According to a characteristic of the invention, the stud is associated with a fixed spacer for positioning the rope, said spacer being inserted between the two flanges and shaped to delimit the two opposite ends of access to the passage space of the rope in the descender.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention relatif à un descendeur autobloquant, la poulie est conformée en came articulée sur un premier axe du premier flasque et associée à une poignée d'actionnement. Le patin comporte une surface de freinage contre laquelle est pressée la corde par la came en cas de relâchement de la poignée pour le premier sens d'enroulement de la corde, l'action de blocage par la came, s'exerçant au voisinage de l'orifice supérieur. Le levier auxiliaire de freinage est articulé sur un deuxième axe du premier flasque, en un point intermédiaire situé entre l'entretoise et la poulie, le deuxième axe étant sensiblement parallèle au premier axe, tel que le débattement angulaire entre les positions active et inactive de la surface de coincement du levier s'effectue au voisinage de l'orifice inférieur de l'espace.According to a first embodiment of the invention relating to a self-locking descender, the pulley is shaped as a cam articulated on a first axis of the first flange and associated with an actuating handle. The shoe has a braking surface against which the rope is pressed by the cam in the event of release of the handle for the first direction of winding of the rope, the blocking action by the cam acting in the vicinity of the 'upper opening. The auxiliary braking lever is articulated on a second axis of the first flange, at an intermediate point located between the spacer and the pulley, the second axis being substantially parallel to the first axis, such that the angular movement between the active and inactive positions of the wedging surface of the lever takes place in the vicinity of the lower orifice of the space.

Lorsqu'un tel descendeur se trouve en état de charge, il peut subir deux types de blocage selon le sens d'enroulement de la corde :

  • un premier blocage par la came, en cas de relâchement de la poignée, et pour le sens de passage correct de la corde ;
  • un deuxième blocage par le levier auxiliaire de freinage pour le sens de passage incorrect de la corde.
Les deux types de blocage du descendeur n'interviennent jamais simultanément.When such a descender is in a loaded state, it can undergo two types of blockage depending on the direction of winding of the rope:
  • a first locking by the cam, in case of loosening of the handle, and for the correct direction of passage of the rope;
  • a second blocking by the auxiliary braking lever for the incorrect direction of passage of the rope.
The two types of descender blocking never occur simultaneously.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un descendeur simple, la poulie est montée fixe sur le premier flasque. Le premier blocage n'existe pas, mais le deuxième blocage intervient normalement en cas d'erreur de manipulation de la corde.According to a second embodiment of a simple descender, the pulley is fixedly mounted on the first flange. The first blocking does not exist, but the second blocking occurs normally in the event of an error in handling the rope.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de deux modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un descendeur selon l'invention, avec un sens de passage correct de la corde, le deuxième flasque escamotable n'étant pas représenté ;
  • la figure 2 montre une vue de profil de gauche du descendeur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de profil de droite du descendeur de la figure 1 ;
  • les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues identiques à la figure 1, avec un sens de passage incorrect de la corde ;
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of two embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of a descender according to the invention, with a correct direction of passage of the rope, the second retractable flange not being shown;
  • Figure 2 shows a left side view of the descender of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a right side view of the descender of Figure 1;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are views identical to Figure 1, with an incorrect direction of passage of the rope;

En référence aux figures 1 à 5, un descendeur désigné par le repère général 10, est utilisé pour la descente d'une ou de plusieurs personnes le long d'une corde 12. Le descendeur 10 comporte un premier flasque 14 fixe, ayant un premier axe 15 d'articulation d'une poulie 16 mobile conformée en came 17, et une entretoise 18 fixe de positionnement, séparée de la poulie 16 par un espace 20 de passage de la corde 12. La poulie 16 est pourvue d'une gorge 21 de guidage de la corde 12 lors de son enroulement en S dans le descendeur 10.Referring to Figures 1 to 5, a descender designated by the general reference 10, is used for the descent of one or more people along a rope 12. The descender 10 has a first fixed flange 14, having a first axis 15 of articulation of a movable pulley 16 shaped as a cam 17, and a fixed positioning spacer 18, separated from the pulley 16 by a space 20 for passage of the rope 12. The pulley 16 is provided with a groove 21 for guiding the rope 12 during its S-winding in the descender 10.

La poulie 16 est reliée mécaniquement à un mécanisme 22 de commande muni d'une poignée d'actionnement 24, laquelle est montée à pivotement limité entre une position relevée de blocage et une position abaissée de déblocage de la corde 12. La partie supérieure de l'entretoise 18 fixe est agencée en plot ou patin 26 fixe ayant une surface de freinage 28 contre laquelle est pressée la corde 12 par l'action de blocage de la came 17 en position relevée de la poignée 24.The pulley 16 is mechanically connected to a control mechanism 22 provided with an actuating handle 24, which is mounted with limited pivoting between a raised blocking position and a lowered position for unlocking the rope 12. The upper part of the the fixed spacer 18 is arranged in a fixed pad or shoe 26 having a braking surface 28 against which the rope 12 is pressed by the locking action of the cam 17 in the raised position of the handle 24.

La partie intermédiaire de l'entretoise 18 s'étend extérieurement le long du côté droit du premier flasque 14, et présente un secteur 30 interne incurvé sensiblement centré sur l'axe 15. La présence combinée de la gorge 21 de la poulie 16, et du secteur 30 incurvé concave de l'entretoise 18 permet d'obtenir un positionnement et un guidage optimum de la corde 12 dans l'espace 20.The intermediate part of the spacer 18 extends externally along the right side of the first flange 14, and has an internal curved sector 30 substantially centered on the axis 15. The combined presence of the groove 21 of the pulley 16, and of the concave curved sector 30 of the spacer 18 makes it possible to obtain optimum positioning and guidance of the cord 12 in the space 20.

La partie inférieure de l'entretoise 18 de positionnement comprend une traverse 32 s'étendant horizontalement entre les deux bords latéraux opposés du flasque 14. Un levier auxiliaire 34 de freinage est monté à pivotement sur un deuxième axe 36 solidarisé au flasque 14 en un point intermédiaire situé entre la traverse 32 et la poulie 16. Le deuxième axe 36 du levier 34 s'étend parallèlement au premier axe 15 de la poulie 16, selon une direction perpendiculaire au premier flasque 14 fixe. Le débattement angulaire du levier auxiliaire 34 s'effectue dans l'espace 20 entre une position inactive (figures 1 et 4) dans laquelle le levier 34 prend appui sur la traverse 32 jouant le rôle de butée de fin de course, et une position active (figure 5) dans laquelle une surface de coincement 38 du levier 34 presse la corde 12 contre la poulie 16.The lower part of the positioning spacer 18 comprises a cross member 32 extending horizontally between the two opposite lateral edges of the flange 14. An auxiliary braking lever 34 is pivotally mounted on a second axis 36 secured to the flange 14 at a point intermediate located between the cross member 32 and the pulley 16. The second axis 36 of the lever 34 extends parallel to the first axis 15 of the pulley 16, in a direction perpendicular to the first fixed flange 14. The angular movement of the auxiliary lever 34 takes place in the space 20 between an inactive position (FIGS. 1 and 4) in which the lever 34 bears on the cross-member 32 playing the role of end-of-travel stop, and an active position. (FIG. 5) in which a wedging surface 38 of the lever 34 presses the rope 12 against the pulley 16.

Un ressort de rappel 40, formé à titre d'exemple par un ressort à flexion ou à torsion, est enroulé autour de l'axe 36, et sollicite le levier 34 vers la position inactive. En cas d'enroulement correct de la corde 12, le levier auxiliaire 34 reste maintenu en permanence en position inactive, et la corde 12 peut glisser librement sur la poulie 16 lors de la descente. Le déplacement par pivotement vers la position active du levier 34 intervient exclusivement durant le mouvement de descente lorsque le sens de passage de la corde 12 dans l'espace 20 est incorrect.A return spring 40, formed as an example by a flexion or torsion spring, is wound around the axis 36, and biases the lever 34 towards the inactive position. In case of correct winding of the rope 12, the auxiliary lever 34 remains permanently maintained in the inactive position, and the rope 12 can slide freely on the pulley 16 during the descent. The displacement by pivoting towards the active position of the lever 34 occurs exclusively during the downward movement when the direction of passage of the rope 12 in the space 20 is incorrect.

Un deuxième flasque 42 mobile ayant une forme similaire à celle du premier flasque 14, est monté à basculement sur un troisième axe 44 traversant l'entretoise 18 au voisinage du patin 26. Le déplacement du deuxième flasque 42 s'effectue dans un plan parallèle au premier flasque 14 par une action manuelle de l'utilisateur entre une position fermée (figures 2 et 3), dans laquelle la corde 12 est emprisonnée dans l'espace 20, et une position écartée (non représentée) permettant la mise en place ou l'enlèvement de la corde 12. Le passage du deuxième flasque 42 vers la position écartée nécessite un mouvement de pivotement d'amplitude supérieure à un quart de tour, exercé dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Les deux flasques 14, 42 parallèles sont séparés l'une de l'autre par un intervalle transversal, ayant une épaisseur qui correspond à celle de l'entretoise 18.A second movable flange 42 having a shape similar to that of the first flange 14, is pivotally mounted on a third axis 44 passing through the spacer 18 in the vicinity of the shoe 26. The displacement of the second flange 42 takes place in a plane parallel to the first flange 14 by manual action of the user between a closed position (Figures 2 and 3), in which the cord 12 is trapped in the space 20, and a separated position (not shown) allowing the establishment or the 'removal of the cord 12. The passage of the second flange 42 to the separated position requires a pivoting movement of amplitude greater than a quarter turn, exerted in the direction of clockwise. The two parallel flanges 14, 42 are separated from each other by a transverse interval, having a thickness which corresponds to that of the spacer 18.

Chaque flasque 14, 42 comporte à sa base un orifice 46, 48 circulaire ou oblong destiné au passage d'un mousqueton (non représenté) d'attache du descendeur 10 au harnais de l'utilisateur. En position fermée du deuxième flasque 42, les deux orifices 46, 48 sont alignés (figure 2), et la mise en place du mousqueton maintient le descendeur 10 fermé en empêchant toute ouverture intempestive du deuxième flasque 42.Each flange 14, 42 has at its base a circular or oblong orifice 46, 48 intended for the passage of a carabiner (not shown) for attaching the descender 10 to the user's harness. In the closed position of the second flange 42, the two orifices 46, 48 are aligned (FIG. 2), and the positioning of the carabiner keeps the descender 10 closed by preventing any untimely opening of the second flange 42.

La première action de blocage de la corde 12 exercée par la came 17 sur la surface de freinage 28 du patin 26, et la deuxième action de blocage de la corde 12 par la surface de coincement 38 du levier 34 auxiliaire sur la poulie 16, interviennent au voisinage des deux extrémités 50, 52 opposées d'accès à l'espace 20 (figure 2) de passage de la corde 12.The first action of blocking the rope 12 exerted by the cam 17 on the braking surface 28 of the shoe 26, and the second action of blocking the rope 12 by the wedging surface 38 of the auxiliary lever 34 on the pulley 16, intervene in the vicinity of the two opposite ends 50, 52 of access to the space 20 (FIG. 2) for the passage of the cord 12.

Le premier axe 15 de la poulie 16, le deuxième axe 36 du levier auxiliaire 34 et l'orifice 46 du flasque 14 sont sensiblement alignés selon une direction verticale perpendiculaire à la traverse 32 de l'entretoise 18, et au levier 34 en position inactive.The first axis 15 of the pulley 16, the second axis 36 of the auxiliary lever 34 and the orifice 46 of the flange 14 are substantially aligned in a vertical direction perpendicular to the crosspiece 32 of the spacer 18, and to the lever 34 in the inactive position .

Le fonctionnement du descendeur 10 de sécurité selon l'invention est le suivant :The operation of the safety descender 10 according to the invention is as follows:

Lorsque le sens de passage de la corde 12 dans l'espace 20 du descendeur 10 est correct (figure 1), le brin amont 12A de la corde 12, attaché à un organe d'ancrage (non représenté) situé au dessus du descendeur 10, rentre dans l'espace 20 par l'extrémité 52 inférieure en formant un méandre en S qui sort de l'autre extrémité 50 supérieure pour constituer le brin aval 12B dirigé vers le bas. A l'intérieur de l'espace 20, la corde 12 n'entre jamais en contact avec la surface de coincement 38 du levier 34 auxiliaire, lequel reste dans la position inactive en butée contre la traverse 32 par l'action élastique du ressort de rappel 40. Au cours du mouvement de descente, l'action du poids P appliqué à la base des flasques 14, 42, et celle de la force de tension F exercée sur le brin supérieur 12A de la corde 12, provoquent l'entraînement en rotation de la poulie 16 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre (voir flèche F1), en cas de relâchement de la poignée 24 qui est sollicitée vers la position relevée. La came 17 de la poulie 16 serre la corde 12 contre la surface de freinage 28 du patin 26 au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure 50 de l'espace 20, et il en résulte un arrêt immédiat du mouvement de descente. Le pivotement de la poignée 24 dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre (voir flèche F2) vers la position abaissée, entraîne un écartement progressif de la came 17, et le déblocage de la corde 12 autorisant la poursuite du mouvement de descente.
En cas d'erreur d'enroulement de la corde 12 autour de la poulie 16 du descendeur 10 (voir figure 4), le brin amont 12A rentre dans l'espace 20 par l'orifice supérieur 50, et en sort par l'orifice inférieur 52 en formant une demi-boucle. Le propre poids du brin aval 12B applique à vide la corde 12 contre la surface de coincement 38 du levier auxiliaire du 34, et maintient ce dernier en position inactive en l'absence de force de tension sur la corde.When the direction of passage of the rope 12 in the space 20 of the descender 10 is correct (FIG. 1), the upstream strand 12A of the rope 12, attached to an anchoring member (not shown) located above the descender 10 , enters the space 20 through the lower end 52 by forming a meander in S which leaves the other upper end 50 to constitute the downstream strand 12B directed downwards. Inside the space 20, the cord 12 never comes into contact with the wedging surface 38 of the auxiliary lever 34, which remains in the inactive position in abutment against the cross-member 32 by the elastic action of the spring of reminder 40. During the descent movement, the action of the weight P applied to the base of the flanges 14, 42, and that of the tension force F exerted on the upper strand 12A of the cord 12, cause the pulley 16 to rotate in a clockwise direction (see arrow F1), in the event of release of the handle 24 which is biased towards the raised position. The cam 17 of the pulley 16 clamps the rope 12 against the braking surface 28 of the shoe 26 at the upper end 50 of the space 20, and this results in an immediate stop of the downward movement. The pivoting of the handle 24 anticlockwise (see arrow F2) towards the lowered position, results in a progressive separation of the cam 17, and the release of the rope 12 allowing the continuation of the downward movement.
In the event of an error in winding the rope 12 around the pulley 16 of the descender 10 (see FIG. 4), the upstream strand 12A enters the space 20 through the upper orifice 50, and leaves it through the orifice lower 52 by forming a half-loop. The own weight of the downstream strand 12B applies the rope 12 empty against the wedging surface 38 of the auxiliary lever of the 34, and keeps the latter in the inactive position in the absence of tension force on the rope.

Si à partir de la position de la figure 4, on amorce le mouvement de descente avec un sens de passage incorrect de la corde 12, le défilement de la corde dans l'espace 20 du descendeur 10 entraîne le levier auxiliaire 34 de freinage en rotation vers la position active (voir flèche F3), dans laquelle la surface de coincement 38 presse la corde contre la poulie 16 au niveau de l'extrémité inférieur 52. La force de tension F de la corde 12 est incapable d'entraîner en rotation la poulie 16 qui reste immobile en position écartée de déblocage au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure 50, en cas de relâchement de la poignée 24. Le blocage de la corde 12 s'effectue exclusivement dans l'extrémité inférieure 52 par la présence du levier auxiliaire 34 de freinage, entraînant l'arrêt automatique du mouvement de descente. Le blocage subsiste tant que le descendeur 10 reste sous charge par la force de tension F de la corde 12, indépendamment de la position angulaire de la poignée d'actionnement 24.If starting from the position of FIG. 4, the downward movement is initiated with an incorrect direction of passage of the rope 12, the running of the rope in the space 20 of the descender 10 causes the auxiliary brake lever 34 to rotate towards the active position (see arrow F3), in which the wedging surface 38 presses the rope against the pulley 16 at the lower end 52. The tensioning force F of the rope 12 is incapable of rotating the pulley 16 which remains stationary in the disengaged release position at the upper end 50, in the event of the handle 24 being released. The rope 12 is blocked exclusively in the lower end 52 by the presence of the auxiliary lever 34 braking, causing the automatic descent movement to stop. The blockage remains as long as the descender 10 remains under load by the tension force F of the rope 12, regardless of the angular position of the operating handle 24.

En cas de blocage, l'utilisateur se rend compte du sens de passage incorrect de la corde 12 dés que l'intervention de la poignée 24 dans le sens du déblocage n'a aucun effet. Il lui suffit alors de prendre appui par ses pieds sur un replat, pour relâcher la tension F exercée sur la corde. Le levier auxiliaire 34 revient automatiquement dans la position inactive de la figure 4, faisant disparaître l'action de blocage sur la corde 12. Il est alors facile de remettre la corde 12 dans le sens de passage correct de la figure 1.In the event of blocking, the user realizes the incorrect direction of passage of the rope 12 as soon as the intervention of the handle 24 in the unlocking direction has no effect. It then suffices for him to rest on his feet with his feet, to release the tension F exerted on the rope. The auxiliary lever 34 automatically returns to the inactive position of FIG. 4, making the blocking action on the rope disappear. It is then easy to put the rope 12 back in the correct direction of passage of FIG. 1.

Selon une variante de réalisation, la poulie 16 pourrait être fixe. Dans ce cas, le mécanisme 22 et sa poignée 24 sont supprimés.According to an alternative embodiment, the pulley 16 could be fixed. In this case, the mechanism 22 and its handle 24 are eliminated.

Le descendeur 10 est réalisé en matériau métallique à base d'aluminium. Il est néanmoins possible de fabriquer l'entretoise 18 par moulage d'un matériau plastique. Dans ce cas, le patin 26 est formé par une partie distincte métallique accolée à l'entretoise 18.The descender 10 is made of metallic material based on aluminum. It is nevertheless possible to manufacture the spacer 18 by molding a plastic material. In this case, the shoe 26 is formed by a separate metallic part attached to the spacer 18.

Claims (9)

  1. A descender used for descending a person along a rope (12), comprising a first fixed flange (14) for support of a pulley (16) and of a stud or pad (26) separated from one another by an internal space (20) for passage of the rope (12), and a second mobile flange (42) able to occupy a separated position enabling the rope (12) to be wound according to a first predetermined direction onto the pulley (16) and stud (26) in the passage space (20), and a closed position in which the rope (12) is held captive in the space (20), and is pressed by a cam (17) of the pulley (16) against a breaking surface (28) of the stud (26) when the pulley (16) is driven by the tension of the rope (12) towards a locking position, movement of the second flange (42) from the separated position to the closed position, and vice-versa, being achieved in a plane appreciably parallel to the first flange (14) by manual action of the user, characterized in that in the internal space (20) for passage of the rope (12) there is arranged an auxiliary braking lever (34) mounted with limited pivoting close to the pulley (16) between an inactive unlocking position of the rope (12) for said first winding direction and an active locking position in which a jamming surface (38) of the lever (34) presses the rope (12) against the pulley (16), pivoting of the lever (34) from the inactive position to the active position taking place automatically in the presence of a tension force on the rope (12), and following incorrect winding according to a second direction opposite from the first direction.
  2. The descender according to claim 1, characterized in that the stud (26) is associated with a fixed spacer (18) for positioning of the rope (12), said spacer (18) being inserted between the two flanges (14, 42) and shaped to confine the two opposite ends (50, 52) for accessing the space (20) for passage of the rope in the descender (10).
  3. The descender according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulley (16) is mounted fixed on the first flange (14).
  4. The descender according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulley (16) is shaped as a cam (17) articulated on a first spindle (15) of the first flange (14) and associated with an actuating handle (24), and that the pad (26) comprises a braking surface (28) against which the rope (12) is pressed by the cam (17) if the handle (24) is released for the first winding direction of the rope (12), the locking action by the cam (17) being exerted near the top orifice (50) of the space (20).
  5. The descender according to claim 4, characterized in that the auxiliary braking lever (34) is articulated on a second spindle (36) of the first flange (14) at an intermediate point located between the spacer (18) and pulley (16), the second spindle (36) being appreciably parallel to the first spindle (15), so that the angular movement between the active and inactive positions of the jamming surface (38) of the lever (34) takes place near the bottom orifice (52) of the space (20).
  6. The descender according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the auxiliary braking lever (34) is urged to the inactive position by a return spring (40).
  7. The descender according to one of the claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the spacer (18) comprises an intermediate part in the form of a concave sector arranged facing the pulley (16) following the pad (26), and a bottom part arranged as a cross-member (32) extending horizontally between the opposite lateral edges of the first flange (14).
  8. The descender according to claim 7, characterized in that the cross-member (32) of the spacer (18) acts as end-of-travel stop for the auxiliary lever (34) in said inactive position.
  9. The descender according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the base of each flange (14, 42) comprises an orifice (46, 48) for passage of an attachment karabiner, and that the orifice (46) of the first flange (14) is in alignment with the first spindle (15) of the pulley (16) and the second spindle (36) of the auxiliary braking lever (34) according to a vertical direction appreciably perpendicular to the lever (34) when the latter is in the inactive position. (Refer to figure 5).
EP93420383A 1992-10-12 1993-09-24 Security descending device for rope Expired - Lifetime EP0593369B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212325 1992-10-12
FR9212325A FR2696647B1 (en) 1992-10-12 1992-10-12 Safety descender for rope.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593369A1 EP0593369A1 (en) 1994-04-20
EP0593369B1 true EP0593369B1 (en) 1996-12-18

Family

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EP93420383A Expired - Lifetime EP0593369B1 (en) 1992-10-12 1993-09-24 Security descending device for rope

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US5360083A (en)
EP (1) EP0593369B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3231513B2 (en)
KR (1) KR940008710A (en)
DE (1) DE69306727T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2096897T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2696647B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3231513B2 (en) 2001-11-26
EP0593369A1 (en) 1994-04-20
FR2696647A1 (en) 1994-04-15
JPH07551A (en) 1995-01-06
KR940008710A (en) 1994-05-16
DE69306727D1 (en) 1997-01-30
US5360083A (en) 1994-11-01
FR2696647B1 (en) 1994-11-25
DE69306727T2 (en) 1997-07-17
ES2096897T3 (en) 1997-03-16

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