EP0593355B1 - Trenching apparatus for digging deep trenches with cutting drums - Google Patents

Trenching apparatus for digging deep trenches with cutting drums Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593355B1
EP0593355B1 EP93402515A EP93402515A EP0593355B1 EP 0593355 B1 EP0593355 B1 EP 0593355B1 EP 93402515 A EP93402515 A EP 93402515A EP 93402515 A EP93402515 A EP 93402515A EP 0593355 B1 EP0593355 B1 EP 0593355B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
fact
guiding member
piston rod
chassis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93402515A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0593355A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Chagnot
Jean-Claude Riglet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie du Sol SARL
Original Assignee
Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie du Sol SARL filed Critical Compagnie du Sol SARL
Publication of EP0593355A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593355A1/en
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Publication of EP0593355B1 publication Critical patent/EP0593355B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/26—Safety or control devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/24—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels
    • E02F3/245—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels with digging elements mounted movable relative to the wheel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/24—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels
    • E02F3/246—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/08—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging wheels turning round an axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for digging deep trenches in the ground using milling drums.
  • Devices of this type can dig trenches, the depth of which is generally of the order of a few tens of meters, but which can reach up to about 150 meters.
  • the inclination of the chassis is controlled using devices such as lateral pushers which are not entirely satisfactory, in particular because of their low positioning accuracy.
  • DE-A- 4018086 discloses such a drilling apparatus provided with two lateral pushers each actuated by a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the present invention aims to provide a simple and economical device which can be guided reliably and precisely in a trench in progress.
  • the subject of the present invention is an apparatus for digging very deep trenches in the ground comprising a chassis provided with milling drums at its lower part, the upper part of the chassis being provided with a guide member, characterized in that said guide member comprises, in the direction parallel to the axes of the milling drums, two ends spaced apart by a constant distance substantially equal to the thickness of the trench, and which can assume, during the operation of the apparatus, a position centered in which the upper part of the chassis is located approximately equidistant from the two ends of the guide member, a position offset from one side of the chassis in which the upper part of the chassis is brought closer to one of the ends of the guide member by a predetermined distance, and a position offset from the other side of the chassis in which the upper part of the chassis is brought closer to a predetermined distance from the other end of the guide member, these three positions being the only positions of the guide member.
  • the guide member comprises sliding pads at each of its ends so as to facilitate the sliding of the chassis during its descent or its ascent in the trench.
  • the apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that its chassis is permanently guided in the trench, whatever the position of the guide member relative to the chassis.
  • the width of the guide member being substantially equal to the thickness of the trench, it is avoided that too much lateral play appears and lead to improper positioning of the chassis.
  • the guide member consists of a three-position hydraulic cylinder mounted on the chassis and the piston rod of which extends over the entire thickness of the chassis.
  • the piston rod comprises an annular flange which seals between two annular chambers located on either side of the actuator into which a pressurized fluid is introduced to maneuver the actuator.
  • such a jack comprises an axially movable stop which is suitable, when it is subjected to the thrust of a fluid under pressure, to be positioned so as to limit the stroke of the piston rod between a first end-of-travel position at one end of the jack and an intermediate position bearing on the movable stop, and, when it is not subject to no fluid thrust, to move freely with the piston rod to allow the latter to reach its second end-of-travel position at the other end of the cylinder.
  • the movable stop is in the form of a cylinder section which is housed around the piston rod, on one side of the flange of the latter.
  • the movable stop which thus undergoes the thrust of the pressurized fluid used to control the jack, delimits a sealed annular chamber between itself and said flange.
  • the cylinder body has an additional fluid intake orifice which opens into the annular volume between the movable stop and the flange of the piston rod.
  • the movable stopper is preferably positioned substantially in the central part of the cylinder body, which for this purpose comprises a bearing on which a projecting part of the movable stopper rests when the latter is subject to fluid thrust.
  • the movable stop has a fluid cross section greater than that of the annular flange of the piston rod so that, when the rod is held in the intermediate position against the movable stop, the thrust of the fluid on the rod remains less than the antagonistic thrust of the fluid on the movable stop.
  • the jack can take three stable positions by being controlled by a single pressurized fluid.
  • a jack according to the invention it is possible to control a jack according to the invention to make it hang, as desired, one of its three stable positions by injecting a fluid at appropriate points on the jack without modifying the pressure to which this fluid is subjected.
  • the fixed stops there are on the outer wall of the chassis, at the height of the sliding pads, fixed stops against which the end pads of the stop member bear, the fixed stops being preferably adjustable in thickness.
  • the stroke of the guide member is limited on one side or the other of the chassis.
  • the sliding pads are articulated around horizontal axes at the end of the guide member which supports them.
  • two hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel one above the other to support the same pair of sliding pads.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent, seen from the side, an apparatus according to the invention which makes a trench 1 in a terrain 2.
  • the apparatus comprises a chassis 3, provided at its lower part with a pair of milling drums 4 (only one of which is visible in side view) which are rotated around axes 5 in opposite directions.
  • the upper part of the chassis 3 a is provided with a guide member 6.
  • two pads 7 and 8 are each secured to one end of the guide member 6, so as to facilitate movement down or up of the chassis 3.
  • the spacing between the two pads 7 and 8 is kept constant and substantially equal to the thickness of the trench 1 dug by the milling drums.
  • the pads 7 and 8 the spacing of which is constant, remain in contact with the walls of the trench, and on the other hand the lower part of the chassis which supports the milling drums 4 remains centered relative to in the trench.
  • the trench 1 has good verticality.
  • the guide member 6 is placed centrally, the upper portion 3a of the frame being thus equidistant from the two walls of the trench 1.
  • the device can continue its downward progression in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 2 it can be seen that the trench 1 is slightly moved away from the initially planned tracing which is shown in broken lines 9.
  • the guide member 6 has been placed in a position offset to the right with respect to the chassis, which causes the chassis 3 to tilt slightly relative to the trench and a positioning of the milling drums. 4 suitable for bringing the appliance back to the vicinity of route 9.
  • hinge pins 10 connect the pads 7 and 8 to the central part of the guide member 6.
  • FIG. 3 Shown in Figure 3 is a closer view in section of the upper part 3a of the chassis in which it is seen that the central portion of the guide member 6 is constituted by two identical cylinders arranged parallel one above the other.
  • each jack comprises a hollow cylindrical body 11 inside which slides a piston rod 12, each end of which is connected at 10 to a shoe 7, 8.
  • the articulation 10 of the lower jack is also vertically sliding, which makes it possible to tilt the pads 7 and 8 as in the case of FIG. 2.
  • the piston rod 12 rests on two bearings 13, each disposed at one of the ends of the body of the jack 11, and whose internal sections 13a constitute bearing surfaces.
  • the flange 14 has a seal 17 and each of the bearings 13 also has a seal 18.
  • each cylinder has a movable stop 19 which here has the shape of a cylinder section comprising a projecting annular part 19 a at one of its ends.
  • the movable stop 19 is free to slide axially around the piston rod 12.
  • the volume of the chamber 21 is reduced to its minimum.
  • the fluid is supplied to the actuator through three orifices 22, 23 and 24 opening respectively into the annular chambers 15, 21 and 16.
  • Conduits 25, 26, 27 are provided in the upper part 3 a of the chassis for conveying the fluid supplied by pipes not shown which descend from the surface of the ground and are connected to the upper part 3 a of the chassis.
  • Lines 25, 26 and 27 have extensions 28, 29 and 30 which interconnect the chambers corresponding 15, 21 and 16 of the two hydraulic cylinders to ensure simultaneous operation of the latter.
  • the thrust 32 is slightly greater than the thrust 31.
  • control of the jack described above can be carried out by simply determining the conduit or conduits into which a fluid under pressure is introduced, without it being necessary to establish a pressure difference between two particular conduits.
  • such a cylinder accommodates particularly simple control means.
  • FIG. 3 there is also shown in broken lines the location of fixed external stops 33 secured to the external wall of the upper part 3 a of the chassis, at the height of the sliding pads 7 and 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un appareil pour creuser dans le sol des tranchées de grande profondeur à l'aide de tambours de fraisage.The present invention relates to an apparatus for digging deep trenches in the ground using milling drums.

On connaît déjà de tels appareils dans lesquels un châssis supporté par des câbles est muni à sa partie inférieure de deux tambours de fraisage qui tournent en direction opposée pour désagréger le terrain et creuser une tranchée tandis que le châssis s'enfonce dans le sol.We already know of such devices in which a chassis supported by cables is provided at its lower part with two milling drums which rotate in opposite directions to break up the ground and dig a trench while the chassis is sinking into the ground.

Les appareils de ce type peuvent creuser des tranchées dont la profondeur est généralement de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de mètres, mais qui peut atteindre jusqu'à environ 150 mètres.Devices of this type can dig trenches, the depth of which is generally of the order of a few tens of meters, but which can reach up to about 150 meters.

Pour que les parois d'une tranchée ainsi réalisée présentent une bonne verticalité, il est avantageux de pouvoir positionner convenablement le châssis de l'appareil lors de sa descente dans le sol.So that the walls of a trench thus produced have good verticality, it is advantageous to be able to properly position the chassis of the device when it descends into the ground.

On sait modifier facilement l'inclinaison du châssis dans la direction perpendiculaire aux axes des tambours de fraisage, en créant une différence de vitesse de rotation entre ces derniers.It is known to easily modify the inclination of the chassis in the direction perpendicular to the axes of the milling drums, by creating a difference in rotational speed between the latter.

En revanche, dans la direction parallèle aux axes des tambours de fraisage, on contrôle l'inclinaison du châssis à l'aide de dispositifs tels que des poussoir latéraux qui ne donnent pas entière satisfaction, notamment en raison de leur faible précision de positionnement.On the other hand, in the direction parallel to the axes of the milling drums, the inclination of the chassis is controlled using devices such as lateral pushers which are not entirely satisfactory, in particular because of their low positioning accuracy.

DE-A- 4018086 divulgue un tel appareil de forage muni de deux poussoirs latéraux actionnés chacun par un vérin hydraulique.DE-A- 4018086 discloses such a drilling apparatus provided with two lateral pushers each actuated by a hydraulic cylinder.

La présente invention vise à fournir un appareil simple et économique qui peut être guidé de manière fiable et précise dans une tranchée en cours de réalisation.The present invention aims to provide a simple and economical device which can be guided reliably and precisely in a trench in progress.

La présente invention a pour objet un appareil pour creuser dans le sol des tranchées de grande profondeur comportant un châssis muni de tambours de fraisage à sa partie inférieure, la partie supérieure du chassis étant munie d'un organe de guidage, caractérisé par le fait que ledit organe de guidage comporte, dans la direction parallèle aux axes des tambours de fraisage, deux extrémités écartées d'une distance constante sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la tranchée, et qui peut prendre, pendant le fonctionnement de l'appareil, une position centrée dans laquelle la partie supérieure du châssis se situe sensiblement à équidistance des deux extrémités de l'organe de guidage, une position déportée d'un côté du châssis dans laquelle la partie supérieure du châssis est rapprochée de l'une des extrémités de l'organe de guidage d'une distance prédéterminée, et une position déportée de l'autre côté du châssis dans laquelle la partie supérieure du châssis est rapprochée d'une distance prédéterminée de l'autre extrémité de l'organe de guidage, ces trois positions étant les seules positions stables de l'organe de guidage.The subject of the present invention is an apparatus for digging very deep trenches in the ground comprising a chassis provided with milling drums at its lower part, the upper part of the chassis being provided with a guide member, characterized in that said guide member comprises, in the direction parallel to the axes of the milling drums, two ends spaced apart by a constant distance substantially equal to the thickness of the trench, and which can assume, during the operation of the apparatus, a position centered in which the upper part of the chassis is located approximately equidistant from the two ends of the guide member, a position offset from one side of the chassis in which the upper part of the chassis is brought closer to one of the ends of the guide member by a predetermined distance, and a position offset from the other side of the chassis in which the upper part of the chassis is brought closer to a predetermined distance from the other end of the guide member, these three positions being the only positions of the guide member.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'organe de guidage comporte des patins de glissement à chacune de ses extrémités de manière à faciliter le coulissement du châssis lors de sa descente ou de sa remontée dans la tranchée.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide member comprises sliding pads at each of its ends so as to facilitate the sliding of the chassis during its descent or its ascent in the trench.

On comprend que, grâce à l'invention, on peut à volonté maintenir le châssis de l'appareil parallèle aux parois de la tranchée, ou l'incliner pour modifier la direction du creusage, dans le cas où l'appareil s'écarte du trajet, généralement vertical, que l'on désire lui faire suivre.We understand that, thanks to the invention, we can at will keep the chassis of the device parallel to the walls of the trench, or tilt it to change the direction of digging, in case the device deviates from the path, generally vertical, that we want to follow.

A cet effet, étant donné que la partie inférieure du châssis, qui supporte les tambours de fraisage, demeure sensiblement centrée par rapport à la tranchée, il suffit de déplacer latéralement la partie supérieure du châssis en manoeuvrant l'organe de guidage pour orienter l'appareil dans une direction donnée.To this end, since the lower part of the chassis, which supports the milling drums, remains substantially centered with respect to the trench, it suffices to move the upper part of the chassis laterally by maneuvering the guide member to orient the device in a given direction.

Des essais réalisés par la demanderesse ont montré que, d'une façon surprenante, il était possible de guider convenablement le châssis d'un appareil selon l'invention bien que ce dernier ne puisse prendre que trois positions par rapport à la tranchée.Tests carried out by the applicant have shown that, surprisingly, it was possible to properly guide the chassis of an apparatus according to the invention although the latter can only take three positions relative to the trench.

L'appareil selon l'invention présente l'avantage que son châssis est guidé en permanence dans la tranchée, quelle que soit la position de l'organe de guidage par rapport au châssis.The apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that its chassis is permanently guided in the trench, whatever the position of the guide member relative to the chassis.

En effet, la largeur de l'organe de guidage étant sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la tranchée, on évite qu'un jeu latéral trop important apparaisse et conduise à un mauvais positionnement du châssis.Indeed, the width of the guide member being substantially equal to the thickness of the trench, it is avoided that too much lateral play appears and lead to improper positioning of the chassis.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'organe de guidage est constitué par un vérin hydraulique à trois positions monté sur le châssis et dont la tige de piston s'étend sur toute l'épaisseur du châssis.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide member consists of a three-position hydraulic cylinder mounted on the chassis and the piston rod of which extends over the entire thickness of the chassis.

Dans un tel vérin, la tige de piston comporte un flasque annulaire qui réalise l'étanchéité entre deux chambres annulaires situées de part et d'autre du vérin dans lesquelles on introduit un fluide sous pression pour manoeuvrer le vérin.In such an actuator, the piston rod comprises an annular flange which seals between two annular chambers located on either side of the actuator into which a pressurized fluid is introduced to maneuver the actuator.

Dans une variante préférée, un tel vérin comporte une butée axialement mobile qui est apte, lorsqu'elle est soumise à la poussée d'un fluide sous pression, à se positionner de manière à limiter la course de la tige de piston entre une première position de fin de course à une extrémité du vérin et une position intermédiaire en appui sur la butée mobile, et, lorsqu'elle n'est soumise à aucune poussée de fluide, à se déplacer librement avec la tige de piston pour permettre à cette dernière d'atteindre sa deuxième position de fin de course à l'autre extrémité du vérin.In a preferred variant, such a jack comprises an axially movable stop which is suitable, when it is subjected to the thrust of a fluid under pressure, to be positioned so as to limit the stroke of the piston rod between a first end-of-travel position at one end of the jack and an intermediate position bearing on the movable stop, and, when it is not subject to no fluid thrust, to move freely with the piston rod to allow the latter to reach its second end-of-travel position at the other end of the cylinder.

Avantageusement, la butée mobile se présente sous la forme d'un tronçon de cylindre qui est logé autour de la tige de piston, d'un côté du flasque de cette dernière.Advantageously, the movable stop is in the form of a cylinder section which is housed around the piston rod, on one side of the flange of the latter.

La butée mobile, qui subit ainsi la poussée du fluide sous pression servant à commander le vérin, délimite une chambre annulaire étanche entre elle-même et ledit flasque.The movable stop, which thus undergoes the thrust of the pressurized fluid used to control the jack, delimits a sealed annular chamber between itself and said flange.

Dans ce cas, le corps du vérin comporte un orifice supplémentaire d'admission de fluide qui débouche dans le volume annulaire compris entre la butée mobile et le flasque de la tige de piston.In this case, the cylinder body has an additional fluid intake orifice which opens into the annular volume between the movable stop and the flange of the piston rod.

Pour limiter la course de la tige de piston, la butée mobile se positionne de préférence sensiblement dans la partie centrale du corps du vérin, lequel comporte à cet effet un palier sur lequel s'appuie une partie saillante de la butée mobile lorsque cette dernière est soumise à la poussée du fluide.To limit the stroke of the piston rod, the movable stopper is preferably positioned substantially in the central part of the cylinder body, which for this purpose comprises a bearing on which a projecting part of the movable stopper rests when the latter is subject to fluid thrust.

La butée mobile présente au fluide une section efficace supérieure à celle que présente le flasque annulaire de la tige de piston de sorte que, lorsque la tige est maintenue en position intermédiaire contre la butée mobile, la poussée du fluide sur la tige demeure inférieure à la poussée antagoniste du fluide sur la butée mobile.The movable stop has a fluid cross section greater than that of the annular flange of the piston rod so that, when the rod is held in the intermediate position against the movable stop, the thrust of the fluid on the rod remains less than the antagonistic thrust of the fluid on the movable stop.

On sait en effet que la poussée qui résulte de l'application d'un fluide sous pression sur une pièce est proportionnelle à la surface offerte au fluide par cette pièce.It is indeed known that the thrust which results from the application of a pressurized fluid to a part is proportional to the surface offered to the fluid by this part.

Ainsi, le vérin peut prendre trois positions stables en étant commandées par un seul fluide sous pression.Thus, the jack can take three stable positions by being controlled by a single pressurized fluid.

En d'autres termes, on peut commander un vérin selon l'invention pour lui faire pendre au choix une de ses trois positions stables en injectant un fluide en des points appropriés du vérin sans modifier la pression à laquelle est soumis ce fluide.In other words, it is possible to control a jack according to the invention to make it hang, as desired, one of its three stable positions by injecting a fluid at appropriate points on the jack without modifying the pressure to which this fluid is subjected.

Il s'agit d'une commande en tout ou rien, c'est-à-dire dans laquelle la pression du fluide introduit en un point du vérin est soit nulle, soit égale à une valeur prédéterminée.It is an all or nothing control, that is to say in which the pressure of the fluid introduced at a point of the jack is either zero or equal to a predetermined value.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, on dispose sur la paroi extérieure du châssis, à la hauteur des patins de glissement, des butées fixes contre lesquelles viennent s'appuyer les patins d'extrémité de l'organe de butée, les butées fixes étant de préférence réglables en épaisseur.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are on the outer wall of the chassis, at the height of the sliding pads, fixed stops against which the end pads of the stop member bear, the fixed stops being preferably adjustable in thickness.

De cette manière on limite la course de l'organe de guidage d'un côté ou de l'autre du châssis.In this way, the stroke of the guide member is limited on one side or the other of the chassis.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les patins de glissement sont articulés autour d'axes horizontaux à l'extrémité de l'organe de guidage qui les supporte.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sliding pads are articulated around horizontal axes at the end of the guide member which supports them.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, deux vérins hydrauliques sont disposés parallèlement l'un au-dessus de l'autre pour soutenir une même paire de patins de glissement.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, two hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel one above the other to support the same pair of sliding pads.

Dans ce cas, il est avantageux de prévoir une liaison verticalement coulissante entre les patins et la tige de l'un des deux vérins, de manière à permettre l'inclinaison des patins par rapport au châssis.In this case, it is advantageous to provide a vertically sliding connection between the pads and the rod of one of the two jacks, so as to allow the pads to tilt relative to the chassis.

Dans le but de mieux faire comprendre l'invention, on va en décrire maintenant un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif de la portée de l'invention en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un appareil selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention réalisant une tranchée dans le sol,
  • la figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe de la partie supérieure du châssis représenté sur les figures 1 et 2.
In order to better understand the invention, we will now describe an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example of the scope of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention making a trench in the ground,
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the upper part of the chassis shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent, vu de côté, un appareil selon l'invention qui réalise une tranchée 1 dans un terrain 2.FIGS. 1 and 2 represent, seen from the side, an apparatus according to the invention which makes a trench 1 in a terrain 2.

L'appareil comporte un châssis 3, muni à sa partie inférieure d'une paire de tambours de fraisage 4 (dont un seul est visible en vue de côté) qui sont entraînés en rotation autour d'axes 5 dans des directions opposées.The apparatus comprises a chassis 3, provided at its lower part with a pair of milling drums 4 (only one of which is visible in side view) which are rotated around axes 5 in opposite directions.

Selon l'invention, la partie supérieure du châssis 3a est munie d'un organe de guidage 6.According to the invention, the upper part of the chassis 3 a is provided with a guide member 6.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, deux patins 7 et 8 sont assujettis chacun à l'une des extrémités de l'organe de guidage 6, de manière à faciliter le déplacement vers le bas ou vers le haut du châssis 3.In the embodiment shown, two pads 7 and 8 are each secured to one end of the guide member 6, so as to facilitate movement down or up of the chassis 3.

Conformément à l'invention, l'écartement entre les deux patins 7 et 8 est maintenu constant et sensiblement égal à l'épaisseur de la tranchée 1 creusée par les tambours de fraisage.According to the invention, the spacing between the two pads 7 and 8 is kept constant and substantially equal to the thickness of the trench 1 dug by the milling drums.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on voit clairement que, quelle que soit la position de l'organe de guidage 6 par rapport à la partie supérieure 3a du châssis, l'appareil selon l'invention est constamment guidé à l'intérieur de la tranchée 1.In Figures 1 and 2, it is clear that, whatever the position of the guide member 6 with respect to the upper part 3a of the frame, the apparatus of the invention is constantly guided inside the trench 1.

En effet, d'une part les patins 7 et 8, dont l'écartement est constant, restent au contact des parois de la tranchée, et d'autre part la partie inférieure du châssis qui supporte les tambours de fraisage 4 reste centré par rapport à la tranchée.In fact, on the one hand the pads 7 and 8, the spacing of which is constant, remain in contact with the walls of the trench, and on the other hand the lower part of the chassis which supports the milling drums 4 remains centered relative to in the trench.

Sur la figure 1, la tranchée 1 présente une bonne verticalité.In Figure 1, the trench 1 has good verticality.

Dans ce cas, l'organe de guidage 6 est placé en position centrale, la partie supérieure 3a du châssis étant de ce fait équidistante des deux parois de la tranchée 1.In this case, the guide member 6 is placed centrally, the upper portion 3a of the frame being thus equidistant from the two walls of the trench 1.

Ainsi, l'appareil peut continuer sa progression vers le bas dans la direction verticale.Thus, the device can continue its downward progression in the vertical direction.

En revanche, sur la figure 2, on remarque que la tranchée 1 est légèrement écartée du tracé initialement prévu qui est représenté en trait interrompu 9.On the other hand, in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the trench 1 is slightly moved away from the initially planned tracing which is shown in broken lines 9.

Pour réduire cette déviation de la tranchée, on a placé l'organe de guidage 6 dans une position déportée vers la droite par rapport au châssis, ce qui provoque une légère inclinaison du châssis 3 par rapport à la tranchée et un positionnement des tambours de fraisage 4 approprié pour ramener l'appareil au voisinage du tracé 9.To reduce this deviation from the trench, the guide member 6 has been placed in a position offset to the right with respect to the chassis, which causes the chassis 3 to tilt slightly relative to the trench and a positioning of the milling drums. 4 suitable for bringing the appliance back to the vicinity of route 9.

On voit également sur cette figure comment des axes d'articulation 10 relient les patins 7 et 8 à la partie centrale de l'organe de guidage 6.We also see in this figure how hinge pins 10 connect the pads 7 and 8 to the central part of the guide member 6.

On a représenté sur la figure 3 une vue rapprochée et en coupe de la partie supérieure 3a du châssis dans laquelle on voit que la partie centrale de l'organe de guidage 6 est constituée par deux vérins identiques disposés parallèlement l'un au-dessus de l'autre.Shown in Figure 3 is a closer view in section of the upper part 3a of the chassis in which it is seen that the central portion of the guide member 6 is constituted by two identical cylinders arranged parallel one above the other.

Conformément à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, chaque vérin comporte un corps cylindrique creux 11 à l'intérieur duquel coulisse une tige de piston 12 dont chaque extrémité est reliée en 10 à un patin 7, 8.In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, each jack comprises a hollow cylindrical body 11 inside which slides a piston rod 12, each end of which is connected at 10 to a shoe 7, 8.

On remarque que l'articulation 10 du vérin inférieur est également verticalement coulissante, ce qui permet d'incliner les patins 7 et 8 comme dans le cas de la figure 2.It is noted that the articulation 10 of the lower jack is also vertically sliding, which makes it possible to tilt the pads 7 and 8 as in the case of FIG. 2.

La tige de piston 12 repose sur deux paliers 13, disposés chacun à l'une des extrémités du corps du vérin 11, et dont les sections intérieures 13a constituent des portées d'appui.The piston rod 12 rests on two bearings 13, each disposed at one of the ends of the body of the jack 11, and whose internal sections 13a constitute bearing surfaces.

Un flasque annulaire 14, solidaire de la tige de piston 12, réalise l'étanchéité entre deux chambres annulaires 15 et 16 situées de part et d'autre dudit flasque 14, entre le corps du vérin 11 et la tige de piston 12.An annular flange 14, integral with the piston rod 12, seals between two annular chambers 15 and 16 located on either side of said flange 14, between the body of the jack 11 and the piston rod 12.

A cet effet, le flasque 14 comporte un joint 17 et chacun des paliers 13 comporte également un joint 18.To this end, the flange 14 has a seal 17 and each of the bearings 13 also has a seal 18.

Conformément à l'invention, chaque vérin comporte une butée mobile 19 qui présente ici la forme d'un tronçon de cylindre comportant une partie annulaire saillante 19a à l'une de ses extrémités.According to the invention, each cylinder has a movable stop 19 which here has the shape of a cylinder section comprising a projecting annular part 19 a at one of its ends.

Selon l'invention, la butée mobile 19 est libre de coulisser axialement autour de la tige de piston 12.According to the invention, the movable stop 19 is free to slide axially around the piston rod 12.

Deux joints 20, disposés dans des gorges prévues à cet effet sur les parois intérieure et extérieure de la butée mobile 19, du côté de la partie saillante 19a, assurent l'étanchéité entre la chambre annulaire 16 et une autre chambre annulaire 21 comprise entre la butée 19 et le flasque 14.Two seals 20, arranged in grooves provided for this purpose on the inner and outer walls of the movable stop 19, on the side of the protruding part 19 a , seal between the annular chamber 16 and another annular chamber 21 between the stop 19 and the flange 14.

Dans la position des vérins représentée sur la figure 3, le volume de la chambre 21 est réduit à son minimum.In the position of the jacks shown in FIG. 3, the volume of the chamber 21 is reduced to its minimum.

L'alimentation en fluide du vérin s'effectue au travers de trois orifices 22, 23 et 24 débouchant respectivement dans les chambres annulaires 15, 21 et 16.The fluid is supplied to the actuator through three orifices 22, 23 and 24 opening respectively into the annular chambers 15, 21 and 16.

Des conduits 25, 26, 27 sont ménagés dans la partie supérieure 3a du châssis pour véhiculer le fluide amené par des canalisations non représentées qui descendent depuis la surface du sol et se raccordent à la partie supérieure 3a du châssis.Conduits 25, 26, 27 are provided in the upper part 3 a of the chassis for conveying the fluid supplied by pipes not shown which descend from the surface of the ground and are connected to the upper part 3 a of the chassis.

Les canalisations 25, 26 et 27 comportent des prolongements 28,29 et 30 qui relient entre-elles les chambres correspondantes 15, 21 et 16 des deux vérins hydrauliques pour assurer un fonctionnement simultané de ces derniers.Lines 25, 26 and 27 have extensions 28, 29 and 30 which interconnect the chambers corresponding 15, 21 and 16 of the two hydraulic cylinders to ensure simultaneous operation of the latter.

On va maintenant expliquer le fonctionnement des vérins qui viennent d'être décrits.We will now explain the operation of the jacks which have just been described.

En premier lieu, si l'on introduit un fluide sous pression dans le conduit 26, le conduit 25 n'étant pas sous pression, et le conduit 27 étant dans un état indéterminé, on provoque le remplissage de la chambre annulaire 21 et par suite le déplacement vers la gauche de la tige de piston 12 qui vient en butée contre la portée d'appui 13a du palier 13 situé à gauche sur le dessin.Firstly, if a pressurized fluid is introduced into the duct 26, the duct 25 not being under pressure, and the duct 27 being in an indeterminate state, the annular chamber 21 is filled, and consequently the movement to the left of the piston rod 12 which abuts against the bearing surface 13 a of the bearing 13 located on the left in the drawing.

En second lieu, si l'on introduit un fluide sous pression dans les conduits 25 et 27, le conduit 26 n'étant pas sous pression, on remplit les chambres annulaires 15 et 16, ce qui crée deux poussées antagonistes, s'exerçant l'une sur la tige de piston 12 comme représenté par la flèche 31, l'autre sur la butée mobile 19 comme représenté par les flèches 32.Secondly, if a pressurized fluid is introduced into the conduits 25 and 27, the conduit 26 not being under pressure, the annular chambers 15 and 16 are filled, which creates two opposing thrusts, exerting the one on the piston rod 12 as represented by the arrow 31, the other on the movable stop 19 as represented by the arrows 32.

Compte tenu du fait que la surface présentée par le flasque 14 dans la chambre 15 est inférieure à celle présentée par la butée 19 dans la chambre 16, la poussée 32 est légèrement supérieure à la poussée 31.Given the fact that the surface presented by the flange 14 in the chamber 15 is less than that presented by the stop 19 in the chamber 16, the thrust 32 is slightly greater than the thrust 31.

De ce fait, la butée 19 vient s'appuyer contre le palier 11a du corps du vérin, et la tige de piston 12 prend la position représentée sur la figure 3.As a result, the stop 19 comes to bear against the bearing 11 a of the cylinder body, and the piston rod 12 takes the position shown in FIG. 3.

En troisième lieu, si l'on introduit un fluide sous pression dans le conduit 25, les conduits 26 et 27 n'étant pas sous pression, on provoque le déplacement vers la droite de la tige de piston 12 et de la butée 19 qui vient alors s'appuyer contre la portée 13a du palier 13 situé à droite sur le dessin.Thirdly, if a pressurized fluid is introduced into the duct 25, the ducts 26 and 27 not being under pressure, the piston rod 12 and the stop 19 which comes comes to the right then lean against the bearing 13 a of the bearing 13 located on the right in the drawing.

On comprend que la commande du vérin décrit ci-dessus peut s'effectuer en déterminant simplement le ou les conduits dans lesquels on introduit un fluide sous pression, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'établir une différence de pression entre deux conduits particuliers.It is understood that the control of the jack described above can be carried out by simply determining the conduit or conduits into which a fluid under pressure is introduced, without it being necessary to establish a pressure difference between two particular conduits.

Il en résulte qu'un tel vérin ne nécessite aucun réglage particulier au cours de son utilisation puisque les trois positions stables qu'il peut prendre résultent uniquement de la géométrie des pièces mécaniques dont il est constitué.As a result, such a jack does not require any particular adjustment during its use since the three stable positions which it can take result solely from the geometry of the mechanical parts of which it is made up.

En outre, un tel vérin s'accommode de moyens de commande particulièrement simples.In addition, such a cylinder accommodates particularly simple control means.

Sur la figure 3, on a également représenté en trait interrompu l'emplacement de butées extérieures fixes 33 assujetties à la paroi extérieure de la partie supérieure 3a du châssis, à la hauteur des patins de glissement 7 et 8.In FIG. 3, there is also shown in broken lines the location of fixed external stops 33 secured to the external wall of the upper part 3 a of the chassis, at the height of the sliding pads 7 and 8.

Grâce à ces butées 33, on peut limiter le départ de l'organe de guidage d'un côté ou de l'autre du châssis, sans en modifier la position.Thanks to these stops 33, it is possible to limit the departure of the guide member from one side or the other of the chassis, without modifying the position thereof.

Claims (9)

  1. Apparatus for-digging very deep trenches in the ground, comprising a frame provided with milling drums in its lower part, the upper part (3a) of the frame (3) being provided with a guiding member (6), characterised by the fact that said guiding member (6) comprises, in the direction parallel to the axes (5), milling drums (4), extremities (7, 8) separated by a constant distance substantially equal to the thickness of the trench (1) and which, during operation of the apparatus, can take a centred position in which the upper part (3a) of the frame is located substantially equidistant from the two extremities (7, 8) of the guiding member (6), a position offset from one side of the frame (3) in which the upper part (3a) of the frame is brought closer by a predetermined distance to one (7) of the extremities of the guiding member (6), and a position offset from the other side of the frame (3) in which the upper part (3a) of the frame is brought closer by a predetermined distance to the other extremity (8) of the guiding member (6), these three positions being the only stable positions for the guiding member.
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the guiding member (6) comprises a sliding shoe (7, 8) at each of its extremities.
  3. Apparatus according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised by the fact that the guiding member (6) is constituted by a three-position hydraulic jack which is mounted on the upper part (3a) of the frame, and the piston rod (12) of which extends over the whole thickness of the frame.
  4. Apparatus according to Claim 3, characterised by the fact that the jack comprises an axially moveable limit stop (19) which is capable, when subjected to the thrust of a fluid under pressure, of positioning itself so as to limit the course of the piston rod (12) between a first end-of-course position at one extremity of the jack and an intermediate position bearing against the moveable limit stop (19) and, when it is not subjected to any thrust from fluid, of being displaced freely along with the piston rod (12) so as to allow the latter to reach its second end-of-course position at the other extremity of the jack.
  5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterised by the fact that the moveable limit stop (19) takes the form of a length of cylinder which is accommodated around the piston rod (12), on one side of a flange (14) integral with the piston rod (12).
  6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterised by the fact that the moveable limit stop (19) presents to the fluid under pressure an effective section greater than that presented by the annular flange (14) of the piston rod (12).
  7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised by the fact that fixed limit stops (33) are fastened to the outer wall of the upper part (3a) of the frame, at the height of the sliding shoes (7, 8).
  8. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised by the fact that each sliding shoe (7, 8) is articulated around a horizontal axis (10) at the end of the guiding member (6) which supports them.
  9. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised by the fact that it comprises a plurality of guiding members (6) arranged one below another and supporting the same pair of sliding shoes (7, 8).
EP93402515A 1992-10-12 1993-10-12 Trenching apparatus for digging deep trenches with cutting drums Expired - Lifetime EP0593355B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212142A FR2696769B1 (en) 1992-10-12 1992-10-12 Apparatus for digging deep trenches in the ground using milling drums.
FR9212142 1992-10-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593355A1 EP0593355A1 (en) 1994-04-20
EP0593355B1 true EP0593355B1 (en) 1997-02-05

Family

ID=9434418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93402515A Expired - Lifetime EP0593355B1 (en) 1992-10-12 1993-10-12 Trenching apparatus for digging deep trenches with cutting drums

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0593355B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06200540A (en)
KR (1) KR940009459A (en)
DE (2) DE69307988T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2696769B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007035591B3 (en) * 2007-07-30 2008-10-23 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Civil engineering device for creating slots in the ground

Families Citing this family (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2749333B1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1998-08-28 Sol Comp Du TELESCOPIC CHASSIS APPARATUS FOR Digging TRENCHES IN THE GROUND
DE29716938U1 (en) * 1997-09-20 1999-01-28 Zeilinger, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing., 90411 Nürnberg Clearing device for bottom slots
FR2771429B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2000-02-18 Sol Comp Du VERTICAL CORRECTION DRILL BUCKET
GB2368358B (en) 2000-10-23 2004-10-13 Mastenbroek Ltd Trenching method and apparatus
DE502004004815D1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2007-10-11 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Slit wall in the soil and process for its preparation
EP1703023B1 (en) 2005-03-18 2011-06-22 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Slit wall digging device with direction control system
FR2888859B1 (en) * 2005-07-21 2007-10-19 Cie Du Sol Soc Civ Ile MIXED FLOOR WALL MOUNTING INSTALLATION WITH BINDER AND METHOD OF CORRECTING TRACK OF DRILLING HEAD OF SUCH FACILITY
KR100767628B1 (en) * 2006-03-10 2007-10-18 (주)동아컨설턴트 construction machine forming wall in underground
FR3041024B1 (en) * 2015-09-10 2017-09-29 Soletanche Freyssinet DRILLING MACHINE WITH AN ANCHORING DEVICE FOR HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT OF THE DRILLING MODULE IN ANCHORED POSITION
EP4279659B1 (en) 2022-05-18 2024-07-24 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Underground diaphragm and method for creating a slit in the ground

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2211027A5 (en) * 1972-12-14 1974-07-12 Soletanche
DE4018086A1 (en) * 1990-06-06 1992-05-21 Guenter Wagner Hydraulic tool for improving excavation efficiency on deep trenches - uses side wall pressure parts to reduce friction loss and improve lateral tolerances

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007035591B3 (en) * 2007-07-30 2008-10-23 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Civil engineering device for creating slots in the ground

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06200540A (en) 1994-07-19
FR2696769A1 (en) 1994-04-15
DE69307988T2 (en) 1997-08-14
DE593355T1 (en) 1994-11-17
KR940009459A (en) 1994-05-20
EP0593355A1 (en) 1994-04-20
FR2696769B1 (en) 1994-12-09
DE69307988D1 (en) 1997-03-20

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