EP0588561B1 - Motorölzusammensetzungen mit niedrigem Phosphorgehalt und Additivzusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Motorölzusammensetzungen mit niedrigem Phosphorgehalt und Additivzusammensetzungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588561B1
EP0588561B1 EP93307133A EP93307133A EP0588561B1 EP 0588561 B1 EP0588561 B1 EP 0588561B1 EP 93307133 A EP93307133 A EP 93307133A EP 93307133 A EP93307133 A EP 93307133A EP 0588561 B1 EP0588561 B1 EP 0588561B1
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Prior art keywords
sulfur
carbon atoms
low
oil composition
phenol derivative
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP93307133A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0588561A1 (de
Inventor
Morikuni Nakazato
Shigeru Iwamoto
Takahiro Muramatsu
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Chevron Oronite Japan Ltd
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Oronite Japan Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP4272424A external-priority patent/JPH0693281A/ja
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved lubricating oils having excellent characteristics in anti-wear, detergency, oxidation stability and viscosity-temperature correlation. Especially, this invention relates to an engine oil that is hardly deteriorated on contact with nitrogen oxide gas (NOx) and that can work stably for a long time.
  • NOx nitrogen oxide gas
  • Automobile spark ignition and diesel engines have valve train systems, including valves, cams and rocker arms, which present special lubrication concerns. It is extremely important that the engine oil protects these parts from wear. Further, it is important for engine oils to suppress the production of deposits in the engines. Such deposits are produced from non-combustibles and incomplete combustibles of hydrocarbon fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel oil) and by the deterioration of the engine oil employed.
  • hydrocarbon fuels e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel oil
  • Base oils use a mineral oil or a synthetic oil as a base oil.
  • simple base oils alone do not provide the necessary properties to provide the necessary wear protection, deposit control, etc., required to protect internal combustion engines.
  • base oils are formulated with various additives, for imparting auxiliary functions, such as ashless dispersants, metallic detergents (i.e., metal-containing detergents), antiwear agents, antioxidants (i.e., oxidation inhibitors), viscosity index improvers and the like to give a compounded oil (i.e., a lubricating oil composition).
  • combustion gas produced in a gasoline engine or a diesel engine is mostly exhausted from the exhaust pipe as exhaust gas, but a portion of the combustion gas leaks through a gap between piston and cylinder to blow into the crankcase as blow-by gas.
  • the blow-by gas contains nitrogen oxide gas (NO x ) of high concentration, it oxidizes and deteriorates an engine oil (crank case oil) charged in the crank case.
  • the crank cases of the engines are apt to be made small. Therefore, the amount of the engine oil charged in such a small crank case is lowered and the relative amount of nitrogen oxide introduced into the crank case as blow-by gas per the amount of the charged engine oil is increased. Consequently, the deterioration of engine oil is apt to be promoted.
  • the concentration of nitrogen oxide in blow-by gas is further increasing.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,236,770 discloses a lubricating oil having a dialkylthiocarbonate, and either a metal dialkyl dithiophosphate; a basic alkaline earth metal sulfonate; or a basic alkaline earth metal alkyl phenol sulfide.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,240,705 discloses a 2,2'-trithiobis-(4-halo-6-alkylphenol).
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,302,683 discloses an organo-molybdenum complex prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl substituted thio-bis-phenol with a molybdenum source.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,764,294 discloses an engine oil having a base oil, a metal phosphate, a metal carbamate, and a para alkyl hydroxy-aryl sulfide.
  • dithiocarbamates in lubricating oils is well known in the art.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,876,550 discloses lubricating compositions containing an alkylene bis(dithiocarbamate), as an antioxidant, and a substituted succinic acid as a rust inhibitor.
  • the alkylene dithiocarbamate is represented in the patent by the formula R 1 R 2 N-C(S)-S-alkylene-S-C(S)-NR 3 R 4 .
  • Example 5 of the patent describes a crankcase lubricant containing a viscosity improver, an ashless dispersant and methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
  • composition may also contain various other additives, for example, detergents, dispersants, viscosity improvers, extreme pressure agents, antiwear additives, etc., as well as other oxidation inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors and cites an extensive list of extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants, including zinc salts of phosphorodithoic acid.
  • additives for example, detergents, dispersants, viscosity improvers, extreme pressure agents, antiwear additives, etc.
  • oxidation inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors include zinc salts of phosphorodithoic acid.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,879,054 is directed to cold temperature greases and teaches using dithiocarbamates such as Vanlube 7723, i.e., 4,4'-methylene bis(dithiocarbamate), in such greases to provide extreme pressure antiwear properties.
  • dithiocarbamates such as Vanlube 7723, i.e., 4,4'-methylene bis(dithiocarbamate)
  • Examples 13-18 describe using Vanlube 7723 and triarylphosphate as replacements for lead naphthenate and zinc dithiophosphate.
  • dithiocarbamates as extreme pressure antiwear additives is also taught by U.S. Patent No. 4,859,352, and U.S. Patent No. 4,648,985 teaches that the combination of dithiocarbamates with zinc dithiophosphate and copper salts of carboxylic acid provide lubricants with extreme pressure properties.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,383,931 discloses using lubricating oils containing an oil-soluble molybdenyl bis- ⁇ -diketonate in combination with zinc dithiophosphate.
  • Methylene bis(dihydrocarbyldithiocarbamates) are used as ashless antioxidants and extreme pressure agents.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,501,678 discloses using lubricating oils containing an alkyl thiocarbamoyl compound and either a molybdenum thiocarbamoyl compound or a molybdenum organophosphorodithioate.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,609,480 discloses using lubricating oils containing an alkyl thiocarbamoyl compound and a 1,3,4-thiadiazole compound.
  • the oils can also contain, among other things, sulfurized oxymolydenum organophosphorodithioates.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,091,099 discloses a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition which comprises:
  • the present invention provides a low-phosphorous lubricating oil composition that is hardly deteriorated on contact with nitrogen oxide gas (NO x ) and which can work stably for a long time.
  • That composition has a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, from 0.5 to 20 wt.% of metal-containing detergent, from 0.1 to 3 wt.% of zinc dithiophosphate, from 0.5 to 15 wt.% of ashless dispersant, from 0.05 to 5 wt.% of a sulfur-containing phenol derivative, and from 0.05 to 8 wt % of an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound.
  • a base oil of lubricating viscosity from 0.5 to 20 wt.% of metal-containing detergent, from 0.1 to 3 wt.% of zinc dithiophosphate, from 0.5 to 15 wt.% of ashless dispersant, from 0.05 to 5 wt.% of a sulfur-containing
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative is selected from the group consisting of: and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are the same or different and each represents an alkylene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R' represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative comprises 0.1 to 3 wt.% of the composition.
  • the alkyl groups of the sulfur-containing phenol derivative should have 1-14 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of preferred sulfur-containing phenol derivatives are 2,4-bis((octylthio)methyl ⁇ - o -cresol, 2,2-thiodiethylenebis(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate), or tridecyl 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylthio)acetate.
  • the low-phosphorous lubricating oil composition also has from 0.05 to 8 wt.% of an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound represented by the formula: wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1-18 carbon atoms, and (X) represents S, S-S, S-CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -S or S-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-S.
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, the dithiocarbamate compound is methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
  • the zinc dithiophosphate is a secondary alkyl type.
  • An additive concentrate having 100 weight parts of a metal-containing detergent, from 10 to 700 weight parts of an ashless dispersant, and from 2 to 200 weight parts of the sulfur-containing phenol derivative described above, may be used to formulate a lubricating oil in accordance with the invention.
  • NO x nitrogen oxide gas
  • the present invention is an engine oil composition
  • a base oil comprising a base oil, an ashless dispersant, a metal-containing detergent, zinc dithiophosphate, a sulfur- containing phenol derivative and an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound.
  • sulfur-containing phenol derivative employed for the invention are the compounds represented by the following formulae (1), (2) and (3): and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1-18 carbon atoms; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are the same or different and each represents an alkylene group of 1-3 carbon atoms; and R' represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative of the formulae (I), (II) or (III) is dissolved or dispersed in a base oil together with various additives, such as metal-containing detergents, ashless dispersants, zinc dithiophosphate, viscosity index improvers and the like, in the same manner as known engine oil compositions (i.e., engine oils).
  • metal-containing detergents ashless dispersants, zinc dithiophosphates, viscosity index improvers and base oils are known. These known materials or their analogous compounds can be employed for the preparation of the engine oil of the invention. Representative examples of these materials are described below.
  • the base oil may be a mineral oil or synthetic oil or a blend of mineral oils and/or synthetic oils blended to give a base oil of the desired internal combustion engine oil viscosity.
  • individually the oils used as its base oil will have a viscosity range of about from 10 to 120 cST at 40°C and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil.
  • the metal-containing detergent may be a metal phenate or a metal sulfonate.
  • the metal phenate is an alkaline earth metal salt of sulfide of alkylphenol having an alkyl group of about 8-30 carbon atoms. Generally employed alkaline earth metals are calcium, magnesium and barium.
  • the metal sulfonate is an alkaline earth metal salt of a sulfonated aromatic compound or a sulfonated mineral oil derived from lubricating oil having a molecular weight of about 400-600. Generally employed alkaline earth metals are also calcium, magnesium and barium.
  • the metal phenate and metal sulfonate can be used singly or in combination.
  • metal-containing detergents such as salicylate, phosphonate and naphthenate of alkaline earth metals. These detergents can be employed single or in combination. The aforementioned phenate and sulfonate can be employed in combination with these other metal-containing detergents.
  • the metal-containing detergents may be of a neutral type or of an over-based type having an alkalinity value of 150-300 or more.
  • the metal-containing detergent is generally incorporated into an engine oil in an amount of 0.5-20 wt.% per total amount of the engine oil.
  • ashless dispersant used for the invention examples include succinimides, succinic esters, and benzylamine, each of which has an alkyl or alkenyl group of a molecular weight of about 700-3,000. In addition to these compounds, their derivatives (e.g., borated derivatives) are also employable.
  • the ashless dispersant is generally incorporated into an engine oil in an amount of 0.5-15 wt.% per total amount of the engine oil.
  • the zinc dithiophosphate used as an anti-wear agent or an oxidation inhibitor, generally is zinc dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphate having an alkyl group of 3-18 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group having an alkyl group of 3-18 carbon atoms.
  • This agent is generally incorporated into an engine oil in an amount of 0.1-3 wt.% per total amount of the engine oil.
  • viscosity index improvers examples include poly-(alkyl methacrylate), ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, and polyisoprene. Viscosity index improvers of dispersant type (having increased dispersancy) or multi-function type are also employed. These viscosity index improvers can be used singly or in combination.
  • the amount of viscosity index improver to be incorporated into an engine oil varies with desired viscosity of the compounded engine oil, and generally in the range of 0.5-20 wt.% per total amount of the engine oil.
  • the engine oil of the invention may contain various additional additives other than those described above, if desired.
  • additional additives include known extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, anti-foaming agents and pour point depressants.
  • other oxidation inhibitors e.g., hindered phenol
  • anti-wear agents e.g., organic molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiophosphate
  • multi-functional additives e.g., organic molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiophosphate
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative preferably used for the invention is a compound represented by one of the following formulae (I), (II), and (III): and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 8 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1-18 carbon atoms; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are the same or different and each represents an alkylene group of 1-3 carbon atoms; and R' represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl groups in the above formulae may be of straight chain type or branched chain type. Examples of them include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl and tridecyl. Particularly preferred are alkyl groups having 1-14 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylene group in the formulae are methylene, ethylene and propylene.
  • Each of the sulfur-containing phenol derivatives of the formulae (I), (II), and (III) can be used singly or in combination with other sulfur-containing phenol derivatives.
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative of the formula (I) is used in combination with the sulfur-containing phenols derivative of formulae (II) or (III).
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative is generally incorporated into an engine oil in an amount of 0.05 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 3 wt.%, per total amount of the engine oil.
  • the sulfur-containing phenol derivative is used in combination with a dithiophosphate such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate, which are known oxidation inhibitors for engine oils.
  • a dithiophosphate such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate, which are known oxidation inhibitors for engine oils.
  • the engine oil composition of the invention further contains an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound represented by the following formula: wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1-18 carbon atoms, and (X) represents S, S-S, S-CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -S or S-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-S.
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl group of 1-18 carbon atoms
  • (X) represents S, S-S, S-CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -S, S-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -S or S-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-S.
  • the alkylthiocarbamoyl compounds of the above formula are known compounds, which are employed as a vulcanization accelerator or an additive of gear oils and turbine oils.
  • the alkyl group in this formula may be of straight chain type or branched chain type. Examples of the alkyl group are methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl.
  • Preferred are alkyl groups having 1-10 carbon atoms.
  • alkylthiocarbamoyl compounds include methylene bis(dibutyl dithiocarbamate), bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-monosulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, bis(diamylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide, and bis(dioctylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide.
  • metal dithiocarbamates such as zinc dithiocarbamate, copper dithiocarbamate and molybdenum dithiocarbamate are also employable. These compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more compounds.
  • the alkylthiocarbamoyl compound is generally incorporated into an engine oil in an amount of 0.05-8 wt.%., preferably 0.1-4 wt.%, per total amount of the engine oil.
  • Various engine oils set forth in Table 1 were prepared from the same components such as paraffinic mineral oil (viscosity index value: 100), viscosity index improver and additives package (i.e., a mineral oil in which the same ashless dispersant, metal- containing detergent and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate are dissolved), and various additives set forth in Table 1.
  • the viscosity of each prepared engine oil was adjusted to SAE 10W30.
  • the engine oil was periodically sampled and charged in an optical cell of 0.1 mm thickness to measure IR absorption spectrum.
  • the amount of nitrate ester formed in the sampled oil was evaluated by the absorbance at 1630 cm -1 .
  • the lifetime of the sampled engine oil was determined by the time when the absorbance was reached to 0.2.
  • Engine oil samples Sample No.
  • paraffinic mineral oil (viscosity index value: 100) was used for the engine oils set forth in Table 1 as a base oil, and each of the engine oils was prepared to satisfy the viscosity condition regulated in SAE 10W30 of API service. Further, other supplemental additives such as anti-foaming agents were added when they were required. Details of the additives set forth in Table 1 are as follows:
  • Additives package Mixture of boric acid-modified succinic imide (ashless dispersant), calcium sulfonate (metal-containing detergent) and zinc dithiophosphate (of secondary alkyl type). The weight ratio of these components is 100:40:40 in the order described. This package, at 6.5% wt%, resulted in the phosphorus level of 0.08 wt% of engine oil samples.
  • the engine oil composition of the present invention which is prepared by incorporating a sulfur-containing phenol derivative and an alkylthiocarbomyl compound to a composition of a lubricating base oil, an ashless dispersant, a metal-containing detergent and zinc dithiophosphate, is hardly deteriorated on contact with nitrogen oxide (NO x ) gas of high concentration and can work stably for a long time.
  • NO x nitrogen oxide

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Claims (7)

  1. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung für Verbrennungsmotoren, umfassend:
    (a) eine Hauptmenge eines Basisöls mit Schmierölviskosität,
    (b) von 0,5 bis 20 Gew.% metallhaltiges Detergens,
    (c) von 0,5 bis 15 Gew.% aschefreies Dispersionsmittel,
    (d) von 0,1 bis 3 Gew.% Zinkdithiophosphat, und
    (e) von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.% eines schwefelhaltigen Phenolderivats, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe:
    Figure 00180001
    Figure 00180002
    and
    Figure 00180003
    wobei R1, R2, R3 und R8 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils einer Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen entsprechen; R4, R5, R6 und R7 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils einer Alkylengruppe mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen entsprechen; und R' einer Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen entspricht; und
    (f) von 0,05 bis 8 Gew.% einer Alkylthiocarbamoylverbindung, entsprechend der Formel:
    Figure 00190001
    wobei R9, R10, R11 und R12 gleich oder verschieden sind und jeweils einer Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen entsprechen, und (X) S, S-S, S-CH2-S, S-CH2-CH2-S, S-CH2-CH2-CH2-S oder S-CH2-CH(CH3)-S entspricht.
  2. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das schwefelhaltige Phenolderivat 0,1 bis 3 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung umfasst.
  3. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Alkylgruppen des schwefelhaltigen Phenolderivats 1 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatome haben.
  4. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Alkylgruppen des schwefelhaltigen Phenolderivats ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe aus 2,4-Bis{(octylthio)methyl}-o-cresol, 2,2-Thiodiethylen-bis{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionat} und Tridecyl-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylthio)acetat.
  5. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Zinkdithiophosphat ein sekundäres Alkyl ist.
  6. Phosphorarme Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei R9, R10, R11 und R12 jeweils unabhängig ausgewählt sind aus Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen.
  7. Phosphorarme Ölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Dithiocarbamatverbindung Methylen-bis (dibutyl-dithiocarbamat) ist.
EP93307133A 1992-09-14 1993-09-09 Motorölzusammensetzungen mit niedrigem Phosphorgehalt und Additivzusammensetzungen Expired - Lifetime EP0588561B1 (de)

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JP4272424A JPH0693281A (ja) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 エンジン油組成物
US113868 1993-08-27
US08/113,868 US5569405A (en) 1992-09-14 1993-08-27 Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions

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EP0778876A1 (de) * 1994-09-01 1997-06-18 Tonen Corporation Schmiermittel mit verlängerter leistung zur brennstoffeinsparung
JPH08253782A (ja) * 1995-03-14 1996-10-01 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
US6326336B1 (en) 1998-10-16 2001-12-04 Ethyl Corporation Turbine oils with excellent high temperature oxidative stability
EP1006173A1 (de) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-07 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Schmierölzusammensetzungen mit erhöhter Stabilität
JP2001158896A (ja) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-12 Chevron Oronite Ltd ガスエンジンの潤滑に特に有効な内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
US20050054543A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Cartwright Stanley James Long life lubricating oil composition using particular antioxidant components
EP2692840B1 (de) 2012-07-31 2014-10-15 Infineum International Limited Schmierölzusammensetzung
CN115678646A (zh) * 2022-08-05 2023-02-03 黎光泰富(苏州)科技有限公司 一种超低温启动性能的柴油机油

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GB1569433A (en) * 1978-05-16 1980-06-18 Ciba Geigy Ag Lubricant compositions
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