EP0572346A2 - Hochspannungsschalter - Google Patents

Hochspannungsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0572346A2
EP0572346A2 EP93500009A EP93500009A EP0572346A2 EP 0572346 A2 EP0572346 A2 EP 0572346A2 EP 93500009 A EP93500009 A EP 93500009A EP 93500009 A EP93500009 A EP 93500009A EP 0572346 A2 EP0572346 A2 EP 0572346A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
breaker
self
locking
disconnection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93500009A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0572346A3 (en
Inventor
Modesto Manuel C/O Turbexa S.A. Cancio Morales
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES9200208A external-priority patent/ES2040634B1/es
Priority claimed from ES09200209A external-priority patent/ES2042386B1/es
Priority claimed from ES09202291A external-priority patent/ES2065236B1/es
Priority claimed from ES09300126A external-priority patent/ES2065255B1/es
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0572346A2 publication Critical patent/EP0572346A2/de
Publication of EP0572346A3 publication Critical patent/EP0572346A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H2001/508—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position with mechanical means to prevent return/reverse movement of movable contact once opening or closing cycle has started
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas high-voltage circuit-breaker, with interrupters similar to the kind having a compression piston, acting however under a mixed arc interruption principle, either by simple compression or by self blast by thermal expansion, and in limiting cases within the action ranges of both principles, by combining the two.
  • the circuit-breaker subject of the invention acts under the principle of simple compression piston.
  • the puffer system most widely used nowadays in average and high-voltage, albeit significantly advantageous, being in particular simple as to operating principle and in construction, low-cost conventional materials with a well-known performance as regards aging, highly effective and regular in extinguishing all the range of short-circuit currents, with very short arc times, largely the same at all short-circuit levels, little erosion at the nozzles and little wear at the arcing contacts, capable of self-regulating the vacuum generated pressure, in cases of nozzle wear under extreme accumulated arcing stress, by automatically increasing the disconnection speed and low pressures of the insulating gas used, for instance sulphur hexafluoride, however has its most severe problem in that the disconnection energy required increases directly in proportion to the increase of the short-circuit currents.
  • very powerful robust mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic drives are required for very strong short-circuits, for in this principle the thermal expansion and backheating pressure of the gas in the compression volume acts directly on the drive.
  • the self blast system with fixed expansion volume has to date only been used in average voltage, and though its performance is very good in very small currents, it requires a low energy level, has a high interruption power in maximum short-circuit currents and, using a coil for arc rotation, performance is improved at average-low levels of the short-circuit intensity and wear wear of contacts and nozzles is reduced, it none the less has a wide range of disadvantages that are mainly as follows:
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention has all the advantages of a conventional puffer type circuit-breaker in the range of low-average short-circuit currents, working in this field under such principle whence the problems of the aforesaid other principles are eliminated in this range of currents.
  • the subject circuit-breaker combines the advantages of both operating principles, namely puffer and self blast, without having any of their disadvantages, moreover affording the advantage that in the self blast operating area precompression due to the above puffer type actuation allows the gas filling pressure in the circuit-breaker chambers to be significantly reduced with regard to the filling pressures required in circuit-breakers working only under the self blast principle.
  • the mobile circuit-breaker contacts have in addition to the classic connecting and disconnection springs and other auxiliary elements been provided to have a self-locking device, so that once the contact has started on the disconnection movement it can by no means move back at any point of the operation in which this tends to take place.
  • the circuit-breaker is structured as a puffer type circuit-breaker, viz. provided with an interrupter in which a membrane is provided crossed by the mobile contact and which determines a chamber with the configuration of a guide cylinder in which the compression piston plays, likewise crossed by the mobile contact and framed by a nozzle which moves jointly with the piston and the mobile contact to clamp the fixed contact, but with the exception that the said mobile contacts, and as aforesaid, are associated to a self-locking device which determines, also as aforesaid, that when the force corresponding to the pressure generated in the chambers by backheating (thermal expansion) is greater than the instantaneous force imparted by the disconnection spring, the mobile contact is automatically locked by the said self-locking device, the mobile contact being held still and the circuit-breaker now acting as a classical self blast type circuit-breaker, which position is sustained until the arc is interrupted, the residual sweep pressure being immediately evacuated when the mobile contact completes its disconnection run by means of the energy left in the disconnection spring
  • the circuit-breaker subject hereof is structured from a mechanical drive mechanism based on a load shaft and an output shaft, connected to each other by a cam and a transmission lever, wherein the load shaft is driven by action of any suitable drive element, for instance a motor reduction unit or a winch, acting on the said shaft through a suitable drive and coupling mechanism, to tighten the connecting spring.
  • any suitable drive element for instance a motor reduction unit or a winch
  • the shaft load is in addition to the said cam on which the connecting spring acts also integrally provided with a ratchet which coordinates the position of one or several catches fitted with buffer springs so that during the connection operation which entails the automatic tightening of the disconnection spring the said buffer springs allow the output shaft to rotate freely and hence the mobile contacts of the interrupters to move in such direction, releasing to such end the multiple steps of the self-locking cam fixed to the output shaft and associated to a transmission which relates the mobile contacts to the disconnection spring.
  • the above- described ratchet will irrespective of the position it is in (taught or lax connecting spring) allow the said catch or catches to move freely on the self-locking cam, progressively sliding on the operating profile thereof as the mobile contact moves in the disconnection movement direction, so that in the event of disconnection of a high enough short-circuit current capable, due to the pressure generated thereby in the compression volume, of causing the said movement to tend to be inverted, the mobile contact will be automatically locked by the self-locking cam step in which the operating end of the catch or one of the catches is at the time.
  • the fixed and mobile contacts are housed within an interrupter, which could in principle be said to be similar to the puffer type, which has a membrane crossed by the mobile contact, a guide cylinder associated to the said membrane, a piston which slides within the said guide cylinder and a nozzle associated in turn to the said piston.
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker is basically structured from a mechanical drive mechanism having an only circuit-breaker operating shaft and an energy accumulator, either mechanical comprising a spring or spring package, or a duly adapted spiral spring, or any other kind of energy accumulator (hydraulic, hydro-pneumatic and so forth) capable of storing the energy required for the various circuit-breaker operating cycles.
  • an energy accumulator either mechanical comprising a spring or spring package, or a duly adapted spiral spring, or any other kind of energy accumulator (hydraulic, hydro-pneumatic and so forth) capable of storing the energy required for the various circuit-breaker operating cycles.
  • the operating shaft is provided with two blocks of elements, the first being designed to load the energy accumulator and the latter comprising the circuit-breaker interlocking and release elements, the latter being combined with the self-locking mechanism, working as appropriate, in the disconnection operation.
  • These two blocks of elements are related to each other by means of a suitable coupling which uncouples both while the energy accumulator is being loaded and joins the same during circuit-breaker operation or operating cycles.
  • the shaft is further integrally provided with a lever (optionally other elements such as cams) relating the same through a transmission or other transmission means to the mobile contacts in the chamber.
  • the load block essentially comprises a cam turning on the operating shaft and on which a flexible transmission is coiled acting while loading and unloading the energy accumulator or a suitable system in the event of any other kind of energy accumulator being applied, with a one-way radial coupling system, for instance a freewheel, otherwise called free gear coupling, associated to a ring gear designed to load the energy accumulator by external means, automatically by means of a motor reduction unit or manually by means of a winch, and a likewise one-way axial semi-coupling working in a direction contrary to the above, relating this block to the interlocking, release and self-locking block, as aforesaid.
  • a one-way radial coupling system for instance a freewheel, otherwise called free gear coupling
  • the interlocking, release and self-locking block is fixed to the operating shaft in the direction of rotation by means of a suitable coupling (pin, knurling and so forth), can move freely axially and has a one-way axial semi-coupling designed for coupling with the load block during circuit-breaker operation, to which end it is, in the direction of the load block, permanently acted upon by a resilient element.
  • This block is further provided with a retention cam having two steps integral therewith associated to an interlocking and release mechanism to drive by external and conventional means the circuit-breaker operation.
  • the body of this block is, on its outer diameter and on the turning arc corresponding to the disconnection operation, provided with a stepping or multiple gearing associated to a catch or catches acted upon by buffer springs or else by the force of gravity, forming in their association a self-locking mechanism that automatically prevents all and any back movement against the direction of rotation of the shaft in the disconnection operation and hence all tendency to invert the movement of the mobile contacts in the chambers.
  • the mobile contact would be automatically locked by the step in the self-locking mechanism positioned at the time at the operating end of the one catch or one of the catches.
  • the fixed and mobile contact are housed within an interrupter that could be in principle be said to resemble the puffer type, having a membrane crossed by the mobile contact, a guide cylinder associated to the said membrane, a compression piston sliding within the said guide cylinder and a nozzle in turn associated to the said piston.
  • the use of other springs is also provided to supplement the circuit-breaker's function, either in the disconnection operation as acceleration spring, or to obtain a suitable energy balance between those required for connection and disconnection, such being fitted for instance within the actual circuit-breaker poles or chambers, or supporting the energy accumulator for the connecting operation.
  • the self-locking means for the mobile contact comprises a mechanical-pneumatic mechanism that, in addition to being directly fitted in the interrupters thereof, is operated automatically from the pressure increases in the compression volumes and thermal expansion thereof in the disconnection operation and allows, as appropriate, the blast and interruption of the arc by the mixed principle of compression/self blast by thermal expansion of the insulating gas.
  • the self-locking mechanism fitted directly in the interrupter essentially comprises one or several assemblies formed by a pneumatic piston directly operated by the pressure increase in the compression volume through a gas opening passage, a catch swinging about a shaft, a buffer spring permanently acting against the said pneumatic piston and a stepping or multiple gearing conveniently arranged on the guide tube of the mobile contact, and on which as appropriate the said catches or assemblies act.
  • the other elements can be located in the base plate of the interrupter.
  • the subject self-locking mechanism on being acted by the pressure increase in the compression volume (pneumatic pressure greater than the strength of the buffer spring) prevents all tendency to invert the movement of the mobile contacts of the chambers during the disconnection operation when the catch or one of the catches is automatically interlocked in the relevant step of the multiple stepping of the guide tube, at the very moment in which such tendency begins, thereby for the circuit-breaker operating drive power to be successfully reduced practically to that required to accelerate the mobile masses and attain the required operating speeds.
  • the blast value in the compression volume for dimensioning and operating the self-locking mechanism may be chosen from among those produced by the movement in a vacuum of the mobile contacts in the disconnection operation and as considered appropriate, generated from a given level of the short-circuit current.
  • the automatic circuit-breaker is structured with a mobile contact (101) and a fixed contact (102), the first fitted for instance with a connecting spring (103) and a disconnection spring (104) or other mechanism driving the circuit-breaker, fully shown diagrammatically in figure 8, and further and now as in a puffer type conventional circuit-breaker with an interrupter (105), a membrane (106), a guide cylinder (107), a compression piston (108) and a baffle plate (109) associated to the mobile contact (101), and a nozzle (110), the circuit-breaker being essentially characterised in being fitted with an interlocking self-locking device (111), duly associated to the mobile contact (101) in order for the device (111), once the disconnection operation has begun under a high short-circuit current, through its thermal effect, an excessive pressure is generated in the compression volumes of the interrupters by backheating and thermal expansion of the gas capable of overcoming the disconnection circuit-breaker (104) tension, to cause that the mobile contact cannot move back to tend again towards
  • the interlocking self-locking device (111) automatically determines a block of the compression piston (108) whereupon a predetermined volume will be formed between the guide cylinder (107), the mobile contact (101), the chamber (105) and the membrane (106), wherefore the circuit-breaker as a whole will start to work as a self blast, of wellknown effectiveness in extinguishing large short-circuit currents.
  • curve B stands for the characteristics of a puffer type circuit-breaker, whose efficiency drops at high short-circuit strength values as can be observed through the drop in the curve shown, this critical area being caused by the need to use large forces or power to manage to disconnect the circuit-breaker in the driving thereof;
  • curve B stands for a self blast circuit-breaker and can be seen to have the opposite effect, i.e. the critical circuit-breaker area is presented at small short-circuit strengths, causing dielectric problems due to the insufficient thermal contribution of the arc, viz.
  • curve A stands for a circuit-breaker made in accordance with object of the invention, the range of short-circuit average-high currents standing for the area of operation of the self-locking interlocking device, and it can be observed that curve A contains the advantages of the two systems that are currently being used, there being no critical areas at high or low short-circuit strengths, as is the case of the current principles.
  • TTR characteristic curve
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 1 to 7, which show the practical embodiment from a double shaft circuit-breaker drive mechanism.
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention comprises a mechanical drive based on a load shaft (1) and an output shaft (2).
  • the load shaft (1) is duly fitted with a ratchet (3) accompanying the shaft when it moves and acting on the catch (4) lifting the same, forthwith on commencement of the connecting operation, from magnitude (r) of the self-locking cam (5) radius, in turn fixed to the output shaft (2), to a magnitude in excess of radius (R) of the same cam (5), in order to overcome the step (24) on the same cam, the catch (4) being designed to act or otherwise during the disconnection operation, on the self-locking cam (5), depending on whether or not critical short-circuit currents appear during this operation.
  • the self-locking cam (5) which as aforesaid is coupled to the output shaft (2), is associated through its end opposite the catch (4) drive end to a transmission (16) relating the mobile contact (17) to the disconnection spring (6) and an interlocking and release device (26) with which the cam is integrally formed.
  • the mobile contact has a piston (20) which acts in a guide cylinder (21) constituting a sort of sleeve for the said compression piston (20) to travel and to which the nozzle (19) through which the fixed contact (23) shall penetrate when the mobile contact (17) approaches the latter in the connecting operation, is coupled.
  • the circuit-breaker is also provided, as aforesaid and conventionally, with a connecting spring (7) and a disconnection spring (6), a third spring (8) being provided which tends to cause the catch (4) to swing against the self-locking cam (5) and against which the ratchet (3) works coordinately.
  • the connecting spring (7) acts in turn on a cam (9) whose movements are shown by the attached arrows and which have in figure 1 been represented as a solid line in the lax spring (7) state and in a broken line in the tight position thereof, the starting position in a tightening operation thereof.
  • the cam (9) transmits through a transmission lever (10) the turning movement of the load shaft (1) to the output shaft (2) during the connection operation.
  • the connecting spring (7) during the tightening operation thereof goes through the top dead centre on being positioned with the cam (9) and the shaft (1), thereupon to be retained in such position by action of conventional interlocking elements which allow once unlocked by external means the cam to act on the lever (10) and the latter on the shaft (2), and thus carry out the connection operation, during which the disconnection spring (6) is automatically tightened, and is in this state retained on completion of the connection operation by the device (26), figure 2.
  • action on the load shaft (1) to tighten the spring (7) can be manual or through the winch (11) or automatically with the assistance of a motor reduction unit (12-13), fitted with a suitable pulling and coupling mechanism (14).
  • the disconnection operation begins in which and at a predetermined time within the output shaft (2) rotation corresponding with angle ⁇ , the mobile contact (17) is separated from the fixed contact (23) by action of the disconnection spring (6), whose energy is dimensioned so that during the run of angle ⁇ it will always be greater than that corresponding with the pressures that could be originated in the compression volume by backheating and gas thermal expansion, in the event of high short-circuit current disconnection, and which are due to the dimensions of the interrupter (15) limited at that area to achieve a minimum value of such energy, so that the operating end (25) of the catch (4) safely attains at least the first retention step of the multiple stepping (24) of the self-locking cam (5) in its operative angle ⁇ , which angle determines optimal interruption and insulation separation between contacts (17) and (23).
  • the catch (4) can in turn naturally be comprised by an "n" number of catches, of different length, in order that given an identical number "e” of retention steps in the self-locking cam (5), a better position e/n precision of the mobile contact can be attained.
  • the number of self-locking cam steps (5) can vary, as appropriate, from one to the number required.
  • the purport is that the mechanical assembly comprising elements (3), (4), (5) and (8) can be applied once or several times, to obtain the degree of robustness required in blocking the mobile contacts just when there is a tendency to invert the movement during the disconnection operation.
  • the first three figures have a circuit-breaker interlocking and release device marked (26) in charge of fixing the self-locking cam (5) position when the circuit-breaker is connected, and retaining at the same time the disconnection spring (6) that was tightened by action of the cam (9) and the lever (10) during the connection operation.
  • the guide cylinder (21) is provided with a frustum-shaped projection at its chamber mounting area, so that angle a can vary from 0° to 90°.
  • the distance "D" of such guide cylinder can also be equal to or greater than the overall run of the piston (20) coupled to the mobile contact (17), figure 2a, or optionally greater than the maximum interruption load, corresponding to the last retention stepping provided in the direction of disconnection by combining elements (4) and (5), but less than the overall run of the mobile contact, so that in the event of the distance "D" being less than the overall run of such contact, evacuation of the gases remaining from the arc interruption will take place instantaneously when in the later displacement, after arc interruption, an exhaust area between the piston (20) and the cone-shaped wall of the guide cylinder (21), figure 2b, is produced.
  • the guide cylinder (21) that can be made of a conductor or insulating material, protects the insulating chamber (15) walls and throughout the disconnection run, from metallisations, thermal shocks and so forth.
  • the baffle plate (18) as shown in figures 5 and 6 can also be otherwise mounted fixed in chamber (15).
  • the baffle plate, as shown in figure 6, can be hollow, in order for the gases crossing the same and operating throughout the volume in the precinct delimited by the mobile contact (17) piston (20) and the guide cylinder (21) and the base to which the latter is coupled which forms part of the interrupter (15) to achieve an optimal mixture and flow of the fresh precompressed gas with the gases from the arc area.
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention has the advantages of the puffer type and self blast type circuit-breakers, albeit eliminating the problems of either of them, affording an extremely simple structure, both as regards the drive means and the arc interruption means, allowing low-cost conventional materials to be used, and a low pressure in the insulating and blast means.
  • figure 2 marked with references h and k respectively show the overall piston and maximum arc interruption runs.
  • figure 4 sets forth the curves showing the disconnection movement curves under different short-circuit currents.
  • the upper curve shows the circuit-breaker disconnection movement the right margin of which represents the three self-locking cam (5) operating angles.
  • the energy imparted by the disconnection spring (6) is dimensioned in order to be greater than that caused by the pressures produced by compression and backheating of the gas that can be presented in the compression volume, for in this area, by dimensions, a given value cannot be exceeded, inasmuch as maximum blast peaks cannot appear therein.
  • angle ⁇ is the optimal separation distance between the circuit-breaker contacts to cause arc interruption.
  • the lower curves in this figure 4 refer to the position or run of the contacts, and the first one shows the pressure increases attained in the compression volume under different short-circuit currents, showing that with maximum strengths the pressure increase is very high, and drops as the value of the short-circuit strength diminishes.
  • sine curves show the position of short-circuit currents corresponding to the above pressure curves, that can be presented through the circuit-breaker until their interruption.
  • TTR characteristic curve
  • the operation shaft (201) is duly provided with two blocks of elements one of which (203) is designed to load the energy accumulator (202) and the other (204) is fitted with the circuit-breaker interlocking and release elements (204.1, 204.2, 215) in turn associating the latter with a self-locking mechanism (204.3, 216) that is activated, as appropriate, during the disconnection operation, whether or not critical short-circuit currents arise during this operation.
  • the said blocks of elements, load (203) and interlocking, release and self-locking (204), are related to each other through a suitable coupling (205) that uncouples the same during the energy accumulator load operation (202) and in turn couples the same through the radial coupling (201.1) to the operating shaft (201) during the circuit-breaker operation or operating cycles.
  • the operating shaft (201) is provided with a lever (optionally with other elements) (206) coupled to it, relating the latter through a transmission (207) or optionally a more complex transmission system, to the mobile contacts (208) in the interrupters.
  • the said mobile contact has a piston (221) acting in a guide cylinder (220) constituting a sort of sleeve for the said compression piston (221) to slide, to which the nozzle (222) is in turn coupled, through which the fixed contact (217) will enter when the mobile contact (208) moves towards the latter in the connection operation.
  • the load block (203) essentially comprises a cam (203.1) coupled to a cylindrical projection which turns about an operating shaft (201) and on which a flexible transmission (209) is rolled, acting during loading and unloading of the energy accumulator (202), of a one-way radial coupling system (210) associated to a ring gear (211), the latter two designed to load the energy accumulator by conventional external means, automatically by means of a motor reduction unit or manually by means of a winch and of a likewise one-way axial semi-coupling (205) working against the direction of the former (210), relating this block to the interlocking, release and self-locking block of the circuit-breaker (204) as aforesaid.
  • the interlocking, release and self-locking block (204) is fixed to the operation shaft (201) in the direction of rotation by means of a suitable coupling (201.1), can travel freely in the axial direction and has a one-way axial semi-coupling (205) designed to couple the same with the load block (203) during circuit-breaker operation, to such end, and in the direction of the load block, it is permanently acted upon by a resilient element (214).
  • This block also has a double step retention cam (204.1 and 204.2) coupled thereto which is in turn fitted with an interlocking and release mechanism (215) to drive circuit-breaker operation by external conventional means.
  • the body of this block is on its outer diameter and on the turning arc corresponding to the disconnection operation subdivided into two angles ⁇ and ⁇ with a step at the start of both angles and has a stepping or multiple gearing on the arc corresponding to angle ⁇ (204.3) associated in turn to a catch or catches (216) acted on by buffer springs, such elements forming in association a self-locking mechanism automatically preventing all backward movement against the rotation of the shaft in the disconnection operation and hence all tendency to invert the movement of the mobile contacts of the chambers during the maximum interruption run thereof.
  • the disconnection operation begins in which and at a predetermined time within the operating shaft (201) rotation corresponding with angle ⁇ , the mobile contact (208) is separated from the fixed contact (217) by action of the force supplied by the energy accumulator (202), whose energy for this operation is dimensioned so that during the run of angle ⁇ , in addition to that required to attain the required disconnection speed, it will always be greater than that corresponding with the pressures that could be originated in the compression volume by backheating and gas thermal expansion, in the event of high short-circuit current disconnection, and which are due to the dimensions of the interrupter (218) limited at that area to achieve a minimum value of such energy, so that the operating end of the self-locking ratchet (216) safely attains at least the first retention step of the multiple stepping (204.3) of the block (204) arranged within angle ⁇ , which first step determines a run of the mobile contact (208) equal to or greater than the distance "C
  • the above energy accumulator (202) energy dimensioning corresponding to the disconnection operation is sufficient to make this operation safely and fully (freely sliding the operating end of the self-locking catch (216) on the multiple stepping (204.3) of the block (204)), the subject circuit-breaker acting in this range of currents under the principle of puffer type simple compression piston with the advantages inherent therein and above-described.
  • the catch or catches will continue to move on the successive steps in order that in the event of there being a tendency for the mobile contact (208) to move back due to later pressure increases in the compression volume of the interrupter (218), the said mobile contact will be locked right in the position at which the same tends to begin such back movement, preventing the same from taking place to a greater or lesser extent, by the action of elements (204), (204.3) and (216), whereupon the circuit-breaker will be in a position to extinguish the arc by self blast by thermal expansion, viz.
  • the catch (216) can in turn naturally be comprised by an "n" number of catches, of different length, in order that given an identical number "e” of retention steps in the multiple stepping (204.3) of the block (204), a better position e/n precision of the mobile contact can be attained.
  • the number of steps in the arc ⁇ corresponding with the stepping (204.3) can vary, as appropriate, from one to whatever number is required, and may be arranged on the said variable arc.
  • the above-mentioned self-locking mechanism viz. the multiple stepping (204.3) and the self-locking catches (216) can be located elsewhere in the system transmitting the circuit-breaker operating shaft (201) movement to the mobile contacts (208) of the interrupters (218), even on the actual mobile contacts, as shown in figure 10c, with the relevant linkage (224) to be operated from the operating shaft (201).
  • the arrangement of the said elements can, depending on their position, be internal or external to the interrupters (218), or a combination of both arrangements.
  • the guide cylinder (220) is provided with a frustum-shaped projection at its chamber mounting area, so that angle ⁇ can vary from 0° to 90°.
  • the distance "D" of such guide cylinder can also be equal to or greater than the overall run of the piston (221) coupled to the mobile contact (208), figure 10a, or optionally greater than the maximum interruption load, corresponding to the last retention stepping provided in the direction of disconnection on block (204) area (204.3), but less than the overall run of the mobile contact, so that in the event of the distance "D" being less than the overall run of such contact, evacuation of the gases remaining from the arc interruption will take place instantaneously when in the later displacement, after arc interruption, an exhaust area between the piston (221) and the cone-shaped wall of the guide cylinder (220), figure 10b, is produced.
  • the guide cylinder (220) that can be made of a conductor or insulating material, protects the insulating chamber (218) walls and throughout the disconnection run from metallisations, thermal shocks and so forth.
  • the baffle plate (223) as shown in figures 14 and 15 can also be otherwise mounted fixed in chamber (218).
  • the baffle plate, as shown in figure 15, can be hollow, in order for the gases crossing the same and operating throughout the volume in the precinct delimited by the mobile contact (208) piston (221) and the guide cylinder (220) and the base to which the latter is coupled which forms part of the interrupter (218) to achieve an optimal mixture and flow of the fresh precompressed gas with the gases from the arc area.
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention has the advantages of the puffer type and self blast type circuit-breakers, albeit eliminating the problems of either of them, affording an extremely simple structure, both as regards the drive means and the arc interruption means, allowing low-cost conventional materials to be used, and a low pressure in the insulating and blast means.
  • figure 10b marked with references h and k respectively show the overall piston and maximum arc interruption runs.
  • figure 13 sets forth the curves showing the disconnection movement curves under different short-circuit currents.
  • the upper curve shows the circuit-breaker disconnection movement the right margin of which represents the two circuit-breaker interlocking and release block (204) operating angles.
  • ⁇ area of the circuit-breaker interlocking and release block (204) wherein the contacts are separated at a point so represented on the said curve.
  • the energy imparted by the energy accumulator (202) is dimensioned in order to be greater than that caused by the pressures produced by compression and backheating of the gas that can be presented in the compression volume, for in this area, by dimensions, a given value cannot be exceeded, inasmuch as maximum blast peaks cannot appear therein.
  • the distance "C" from the separation of contacts is the least optimal separation distance between the circuit-breaker contacts for arc interruption.
  • the lower curves in this figure 13 refer to the position or run of the contacts and the first shows the pressure increases attained in the compression volume under different short-circuit currents, showing that with maximum strengths the pressure increase is very high, and drops as the value of the short-circuit strength diminishes.
  • sine curves show the position of short-circuit currents corresponding to the above pressure curves, that can be presented through the circuit-breaker until their interruption.
  • TTR characteristic curve
  • FIG. 17 A third preferred practical embodiment is shown in figures 17 to 21; in light of these figures, and more specifically figure 17, it is clear that the interrupters (301) of the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention and one of which is shown diagrammatically in this figure in the "connected" position, basically comprises a gas-tight insulating vessel submitted to a given filling pressure with the insulating gas used (for instance SF6). One of its ends is provided with the fixed contact coupled to a connecting terminal. Opposite the above is arranged the mobile contact assembly.
  • This mobile contact is essentially comprised by a guide tube fitted with contact fingers, a nozzle and a compression piston, all coupled to each other.
  • the mobile contact assembly is in turn housed in a guide cylinder coupled to a base plate from which a second connecting terminal projects, and is electrically connected to the said base plate by means of sliding contacts that are not shown.
  • the elements: mobile contact, guide cylinder and base plate make up a thermal expansion and compression volume.
  • On the base plate and associated therewith is a membrane designed to seal off the thermal expansion and compression volume during the disconnection operation and to allow the flow of insulating gas to fill the said volume during the connection operation.
  • the chambers are moreover completed with earth insulators, likewise gas-tight, submitted to the same insulating gas filling pressure of the chambers, being directly connected thereto. Inside the earth insulators are disposed transmission bars and the levers relating the mobile contacts and the circuit-breaker drive mechanism not shown in the figure.
  • the interrupter is provided with an automatic self-locking mechanism working in the disconnection operation allowing, as appropriate, blast and arc interruption by the combined compression/self blast by thermal expansion of the insulating gas, subject of the present invention.
  • the self-locking mechanism fitted directly in the interrupter (301) essentially comprises one or several assemblies consisting of the following elements:
  • a pneumatically driven piston (309) located in the base plate (316) and whose operating surface is directly connected through the holes (308) with the compression volume (306).
  • This piston in turn acts through a rod on one of the ends of a catch (310) swinging about its shaft, which is in turn fixed in a frame-shaped extension of the base plate (316).
  • a buffer spring (311) also resting on the extension of the base plate (316) acts permanently against the catch (310) and in turn against the piston (309) holding the same in the position shown in figure 17.
  • the guide tube of the mobile contact (303) is provided with a gearing or multiple stepping (312) forming in conjunction with the aforesaid elements the self-locking mechanism.
  • the self-locking mechanism is driven by the blast generated during the compression volume disconnection operation (306) through the holes (308) on the surface of the action piston (309) and against the buffer spring (311) so that the self-locking catch swings and rests its operating end (318) on the surface of the guide tube of the mobile contact (303), being thus ready to fulfil its self-locking function.
  • This mechanism will be dimensioned so that such catch (310) will swing during run M or up to no more than 2/3 of run N.
  • the disconnection operation begins and consequently compression of the gas contained in the compression volume (306).
  • the mobile contact (303) is separated from the fixed contact (302) by action of the force supplied by the circuit-breaker drive mechanism (314), whose energy for this operation is dimensioned so that during the run N, in addition to that required to attain the required disconnection speed, it will always be greater than that corresponding with the pressures that could be originated in the compression volume (306) by backheating and gas thermal expansion, in the event of high short-circuit current disconnection, and which are due to the dimensions of the interrupter (301) limited at that area to achieve a minimum value of such energy, so that the operating end (318) of the self-locking catch (216) safely attains at least the first retention step of the multiple stepping (312) located at area 0.
  • This first retention step determines a distance "C" (figure 17 and figure 20), which is the optimal minimum interruption and insulation
  • the above circuit-breaker drive (314) energy dimensioning corresponding to the disconnection operation is sufficient to make this operation safely and fully (freely sliding the operating end (318) of the self-locking catch (310) on the multiple stepping (312) of the mobile contact (303)), the subject circuit-breaker acting in this range of currents under the principle of puffer type simple compression piston with the advantages inherent therein and above-described.
  • the catch (310) can in turn naturally be comprised by an "n" number of catches, of different length, in order that given an identical number "e” of retention steps in the multiple stepping (312) of the mobile contact (303), a better position e/n precision of the mobile contact can be attained.
  • the number of steps in the area O corresponding with the stepping (312) can vary, as appropriate, from one to whatever number is required, and may be arranged on the said variable area.
  • the above-mentioned self-locking mechanism (309, 310, 311) can also be used once or as many times as may be required on the same interrupter (301), to obtain the required rigidity for high short-circuit powers. An even greater position precision than as above would be possible on locating (for instance) the catch hinge shafts (310) at different heights.
  • connection operation of the automatic self-locking mechanism (309, 310, 311 and 312) remains idle, allowing the mobile contacts (303) to move freely in this operation, for there is no pressure increase during the same in the thermal expansion and compression volume (306) of the interrupters (301).
  • the high-voltage circuit-breaker subject of the invention has the advantages of the puffer type and self blast type circuit-breakers, albeit eliminating the problems of either of them, affording an extremely simple structure, both as regards the drive means and the arc interruption means, allowing low-cost conventional materials to be used, and a low pressure in the insulating and blast means.
  • the upper part of figure 20 shows the range of possible curves for the disconnection movement under the various short-circuit currents.
  • the distance “C” determines the least optimal interruption and insulation distance between the fixed (302) and mobile (303) contacts.
  • Curve I delimits a minimum overall run of the mobile contacts (303) in which case self-locking would take place at the end thereof in an only retention step.
  • Curve II shows an overall run of the mobile contacts (303) greater than the above, in which case the number of retention steps in the multiple stepping (312) can vary from 2 to whatever number is necessary.
  • the energy imparted by the circuit-breaker drive mechanism (314) is dimensioned in order to be greater than that caused by the pressures produced by compression and backheating of the gas that can be presented in the thermal expansion and compression volume (306), for during the same, by dimensions of the interrupter (301) and suitable operating speed of the mobile contact (303), a given value cannot be exceeded, inasmuch as maximum blast peaks cannot appear therein.
  • the automatic self-locking mechanism (309, 310, 311, 312) is pneumatically activated as aforesaid, so that on moving from area O where the multiple stepping (312) can be found on the mobile contact (303), in the event of a critical average-high short-circuit current, at which the pressure generated, as aforesaid, in the thermal expansion and compression volume (306) might exceed the instantaneous value of the energy imparted by the circuit-breaker drive mechanism (314) and hence induce the movement to be inverted, the above-described self-locking mechanism (309, 310, 311, 312) would start to work.
  • the central curves in this figure 20 refer to the position or run of the contacts and show the pressure increases attained in the compression volume under different short-circuit currents, showing that with maximum strengths the pressure increase is very high, and drops as the value of the short-circuit strength diminishes.
  • the sine curves show the position of short-circuit currents corresponding to the above pressure curves, that can be presented through the circuit-breaker until their interruption.
  • TTR characteristic curve

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
EP19930500009 1992-02-03 1993-02-02 High-voltage circuit breaker Withdrawn EP0572346A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9200208A ES2040634B1 (es) 1992-02-03 1992-02-03 Interruptor de alta tension.
ES09200209A ES2042386B1 (es) 1992-02-03 1992-02-03 Mejoras introducidas en interruptores de alta tension.
ES9200208 1992-02-03
ES9200209 1992-02-03
ES9202291 1992-11-12
ES09202291A ES2065236B1 (es) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Interruptor de alta tension de gas.
ES09300126A ES2065255B1 (es) 1993-01-26 1993-01-26 Interruptor de alta tension de gas.
ES9300126 1993-01-26
NL9301340A NL9301340A (nl) 1992-02-03 1993-07-30 Hoogspanningsketenonderbreker.
BE9300818A BE1007340A7 (fr) 1992-02-03 1993-08-04 Disjoncteur de haute tension.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0572346A2 true EP0572346A2 (de) 1993-12-01
EP0572346A3 EP0572346A3 (en) 1994-07-27

Family

ID=27543161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930500009 Withdrawn EP0572346A3 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-02-02 High-voltage circuit breaker

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0572346A3 (de)
BE (1) BE1007340A7 (de)
NL (1) NL9301340A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013179004A (ja) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-09 Toshiba Corp 投入抵抗接点付きガス遮断器
FR3094836A1 (fr) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-09 Pommier Dispositif de coupure d’arc

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1441527A (en) * 1921-09-07 1923-01-09 Gen Electric Switch-operating mechanism
US1797959A (en) * 1928-01-21 1931-03-24 Gen Electric Electric-switch-operating mechanism
FR814518A (fr) * 1936-02-27 1937-06-24 Alsthom Cgee Perfectionnements apportés aux interrupteurs électriques
CH334440A (de) * 1955-08-29 1958-11-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schalter mit Kraftspeicherantrieb
FR2105575A6 (de) * 1969-07-07 1972-04-28 Merlin Gerin
DE2350890A1 (de) * 1973-01-12 1974-07-18 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Druckgasschalter
DE7518639U (de) * 1975-06-11 1977-09-15 Calor-Emag Elektrizitaets-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Dämpfungsvorrichtung für elektrische Leistungsschalter
DE2633093A1 (de) * 1976-07-20 1978-01-26 Siemens Ag Elektrischer schalter mit geschlossenem gasraum
FR2554632A1 (fr) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-10 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur a autosoufflage a cliquet anti-retour debrayable

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1441527A (en) * 1921-09-07 1923-01-09 Gen Electric Switch-operating mechanism
US1797959A (en) * 1928-01-21 1931-03-24 Gen Electric Electric-switch-operating mechanism
FR814518A (fr) * 1936-02-27 1937-06-24 Alsthom Cgee Perfectionnements apportés aux interrupteurs électriques
CH334440A (de) * 1955-08-29 1958-11-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schalter mit Kraftspeicherantrieb
FR2105575A6 (de) * 1969-07-07 1972-04-28 Merlin Gerin
DE2350890A1 (de) * 1973-01-12 1974-07-18 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Druckgasschalter
DE7518639U (de) * 1975-06-11 1977-09-15 Calor-Emag Elektrizitaets-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Dämpfungsvorrichtung für elektrische Leistungsschalter
DE2633093A1 (de) * 1976-07-20 1978-01-26 Siemens Ag Elektrischer schalter mit geschlossenem gasraum
FR2554632A1 (fr) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-10 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur a autosoufflage a cliquet anti-retour debrayable

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013179004A (ja) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-09 Toshiba Corp 投入抵抗接点付きガス遮断器
FR3094836A1 (fr) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-09 Pommier Dispositif de coupure d’arc
EP3719824A3 (de) * 2019-04-02 2020-11-11 Pommier Vorrichtung zur lichtbogenunterbrechung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0572346A3 (en) 1994-07-27
NL9301340A (nl) 1995-02-16
BE1007340A7 (fr) 1995-05-23

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